选择性必修第二册 课时冲关22 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS（教用版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（人教版）

高考总复习 英语 基础必备 选择性必修第二册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 学生用书课时冲关22P305 I.阅读A 主题：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：“深海博士”打破记录 An associate university professor in Florida 2.Why did Dr.Joseph Dituri take part in the pro- has completed his research mission and set a new ject? world record in the process:living 100 days be- A.For scientific research. neath the ocean's surface. B.To challenge his limits. That day,Dr.Joseph Dituri felt the sun's C.For personal enthusiasm. rays for the first time since he began the project D.To encourage good teamwork. 22 feet below the waters of Key Largo,Florida, 3.What did Dr.Joseph Dituri expect of living un- on March 1,2023. derwater? Dituri,a biomedical engineer who teaches at A.It does harm to human body. the University of South Florida and calls himself B.It's a very painful experience. “Dr.Deep Sea”,spent just over three months at C.It's the same as living on land. the bottom of the Emerald Lagoon in Jules'Un- D.It's beneficial to human health. dersea Lodge,the only underwater hotel in the 4.What would be the most suitable title for the United States. text? The research project,Project Neptune 100, A.What Is Living Underwater Really Like? was organized by the Key Largo-based Marine B.Can Humans Live Underwater for 100 Days? Resources Development Foundation and focused C.“Dr.Deep Sea”Interacts With Children Un on ocean conservation research and studying how derwater high pressure affects the human body. D."Dr.Deep Sea"Breaks Record for Living Under- The U.S.Navy veteran said he'd noticed water one impact:The water pressure seems to have [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。南佛罗里达州 shrunken his height by half an inch.Dituri stood 大学副教授约瑟夫·迪图里完成了一项在海面下 at 6 feet 1 inch tall before starting his mission, 生活100天的研究任务，创下了新的世界纪录。 the University of South Florida stated in a news l.C[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“An associ- release. ate...living 100 days beneath the ocean's sur- The scientist began the project with a belief face.”可知，约瑟夫·迪图里教授在海面下生活 that increased pressure could help humans live 了l00天；结合第二段中的“Dr.Joseph Dituri longer and prevent aging-related diseases,the felt...22 feet below the waters of Key Largo, news release said.Dituri said he hopes his under- Florida,on March1,2023.”可知，该项目开始 water research will benefit the treatment of a va- 于3月1日，历时100天，即约瑟夫·迪图里教 riety of illnesses,including traumatic brain inju- 授在6月9日回到了陆地。] ries. 2.A[细节理解题。根据第四段的关键表述“f0 Dituri also used the project as an educational cused on ocean conservation research and stud- experience for the youth."We have interacted ying how high pressure affects the human with thousands of school children to get them in- body”及第六段中的“his underwater research” terested in science,technology,engineering and 可知，此项目的研究重点是海洋保护和高压对 math,Dituri told Guinness World Records on 人体的影响，而迪图里参加这个项目也是为了 June 8,2023.While underwater,he continued 科学研究。] teaching his college students virtually. 3.D[推理判断题。根据第六段第一句“The sci Dituri broke the Guinness World Record for entist began the project with a belief that in- longest time living underwater at the 74-day mark creased pressure could help...said.”可知，迪 of his project,on May 13,2023.The previous 图里认为水下增加的压力有助于人类延长寿命 record stood at 73 days,two hours and 34 mi- 和预防衰老相关的疾病，即对身体健康有益。] nutes,set at the same location at Dituri's suc- 4.D[主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一 cessful attempt. 段内容可知，“深海博士”完成了一项在海面下 1.When did Dr.Joseph Dituri probably return to 生活100天的研究任务，并创下新的世界纪录， the surface? 下文具体介绍这一研究项目的意义和过程，由 A.On March 1. B.On May 13. 此可知，D项(“深海博士”打破水下生活纪录) C.On June 9. D.On June 19. 为最佳标题。] 400· 基础必备选择性必修第二册 阅读B 主题：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：植物学家致力于研究阿塔卡马沙漠的仙人掌 Pablo Guerrero,a plant scientist at Chile's level."They represent how life can survive in very Universidad de Concepcion,has committed his tough conditions,"he says."If we lose them,we career to studying cacti(仙人掌)in the Atacama will lose a part of our natural history. Desert.This Mars-like landscape is so dry and 5.What is Pablo Guerrero's current research fo- bare that NASA tests robots there.Now,he in- cus? vestigates threats to these plants,including cli- A.Testing robots in Mars-like environments. mate change and illegal trading. B.Examining threats to cacti in the Atacama The Atacama's cacti face compounding pres- Desert. sures.Many species occupy microhabitats cover- C.Studying how desert plants adapt to extreme ing mere kilometers,relying entirely on coastal drought. fog for survival.But shifting climate patterns are D.Analyzing the impact of lithium extraction reducing fog,while industrial expansion breaks on global batteries. up their habitats.Roads built for mining and en- 6.What does the underlined word "compounding" ergy projects-such as lithium extraction,which in Paragraph 2 probably mean? is critical for global battery production-now cut A.Increasing. B.Simplified. through once-inaccessible zones,bringing pollu- C.Lessening. D.Balanced. tion and human activity.By comparing historical 7.What can be learned about the known Copiapoa images to current conditions,Guerrero observes cacti from the text? obvious declines:"Plants are far less plentiful to- A.They can reproduce quickly after being poached. day.” B.Their habitats have been expanded due to in In recent years,Guerrero's focus has shifted dustrial projects. to poaching()after reports of seized cacti at C.Most of them are now critically endangered Chilean borders.Global demand for rare house- or endangered. plants,driven by collectors in Europe and Asia, D.Climate change is the main reason for their has turned species like Copiapoa-a type of cac- population decline. tus that only grows in the Atacama-into targets 8.What is the main purpose of quoting Guerrero's for illegal trade.His 2023 study in Conservation words in the last two paragraphs? Biology re-evaluated extinction risks for 39 A.To stress his efforts in his career. known Copiapoa species and subspecies.Shock- B.To describe the beauty of Atacama's cacti. ingly,76%now qualify as critically endangered C.To illustrate the process of cactus poaching. or endangered,a significant increase from prior D.To call for the protection of Atacama's cacti. assessments.While climate stress contributes,il- [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍 legal trade emerged as the dominant threat,im- 了智利植物学家Pablo Guerrero致力于研究阿塔 pacting nearly all critically endangered varieties. 卡马沙漠的仙人掌，并呼吁保护这些面临气候变 Some poached cacti,worth thousands of dollars 化、非法贸易等多重威胁的濒危植物。 online,take decades to reach reproductive matu- 5.B[细节理解题。根据第一段“Now,he inves- rity,making population recovery nearly impossi- tigates threats to these plants,including cli- ble. mate change and illegal trading.(现在，他会对 Guerrero emphasizes urgent conservation 这些植物所面临的威胁进行调查，其中包括气 steps,including expanding protected zones in 候变化和非法交易等因素。)”可知，Pablo Guer biodiversity hotspots and training park staff to rero目前的研究重点是调查阿塔卡马沙漠中仙 identify rare species.He cooperates with Chilean 人掌面临的威胁。] authorities and international agencies to track il- 6.A[词义猜测题。根据画线词前“The legal trade routes.Yet time is limited.Some pop- Atacama's cacti face(阿塔卡马沙漠的仙人掌面 ulations,like the round,dark Copiapoa solaris, 临)”及画线词后“Many species occupy micro are already dying in large numbers due to long habitats covering mere kilometers,relying en- droughts."The situation is serious,"he warns. tirely on coastal fog for survival.But shifting Without intervention,unique cactus types shaped climate patterns are reducing fog,while indus- by millions of years of evolution()could dis- trial expansion breaks up their habitats.(许多 appear within decades. 物种栖息于面积仅几公里的微小生存环境中， For Guerrero,protecting these plants is im- 完全依赖沿海的雾气来维持生存。然而，不断 portant both in terms of science and on a personal 变化的气候模式正在减少雾气的出现，而工业 401 高考总复习英语 扩张又破坏了它们的栖息地。)”可知，阿塔卡马 评估有了显著上升。)”可知，大多数已知的科皮 沙漠的仙人掌面临着日趋增长的压力。故画线 亚波仙人掌现已处于极度濒危或濒危状态。] 词意思是“增长的”。] 8.D[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Guerrero 7.C[细节理解题。根据第三段“His2023 study emphasizes urgent conservation steps,inclu- in Conservation Biology re-evaluated extinction ding...intervention,unique cactus types risks for 39 known Copiapoa species and sub- shaped by millions of years of evolution(进化) species.Shockingly,76%now qualify as criti- could disappear within decades..”以及最后一段 cally endangered or endangered,a significant "For Guerrero,protecting these plants is im- increase from prior assessments.(他在2023年 portant both in terms of science and on a per- 发表于《保护生物学》杂志的研究中，重新评估 sonal level.(对于格雷罗来说，保护这些植物不 了39个已知的科皮亚波亚物种及其亚种的灭 仅在科学层面上重要，在个人层面上也是如 绝风险。令人震惊的是，如今有76%的物种被 此。)”可推断，Guerrero的主要目的是呼吁保护 列为极度危或濒危状态，这一比例较之前的 阿塔卡马的仙人掌。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五主题：人与自我 体裁：说明文 话题：离开舒适区的方法 Ways to Step Out of Your Comfort Zone fort zone!Pick someone who's naturally adven- There's not a lot of room for adventure and turous to be your partner in trying new experi- excitement in your comfort zone.To add a little ences. 5. excitement to your life,it's important to try new A.Pick challenging activities and sometimes scary things.1,facing unfa- B.Do some research to get more information miliar challenges can make you happier and more C.Change the way you view your day-to-day life fulfilled in the long run. D.Instead of focusing on the possibility of failure ●2· E.Unless you've stepped out of your comfort zone Think about a few things that scare you or F.Though getting outside of your comfortable make you nervous.Write them down in a list, box may be tough at first and put a star next to the one you want to start G.They can make you feel more comfortable ex- with.You can handle the others later.Rather ploring the unfamiliar field than just thinking about it,coming up with spe- [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍 cific ideas forces you to put these plans in mo- 4条离开你的舒适区的方法。 tion. l.F[根据下文“facing unfamiliar challenges can OTurn every day into a learning experience. make you happier and more fulfilled in the long 3.Look at each day as a chance for you run.(面对不熟悉的挑战，从长远看可以让你更 to learn something new.This can only happen if 快乐，更充实。)”可知，这里建议人们去挑战不 you're stepping outside your comfort zone.You 熟悉的事情。选项F“尽管走出你的舒适区可能 can do this by always making an effort to find 刚开始有点难”和下文正好构成转折关系， ways to grow.You never know what you'll learn about the world when you explore different sides “tough at first”和“happier and more fulfilled in of it! the long run”形成对比。] OThink positively to overcome fear. 2.A[空处是段落标题。根据下文“Think about Regard challenges as chances to grow.The a few things that scare you or make you nerv- biggest barrier keeping you from stepping out of ous.(想一些让你害怕或者紧张的事情。)”可 your comfort zone is fear,especially fear of fail- 知，这里作者建议去参加一些让你害怕或者紧 ure.4,just think of stepping outside your 张的活动。选项A“挑有挑战的活动。”和下文 comfort zone as opportunities.You may be right 意思一致。] around the corner from changing your life for the 3.C[根据下文“Look at each day as a chance better. for you to learn something new.(把每一天都看 OTurn to your friends for some added support. 成是学习新东西的机会。)”可知，这里作者建议 Doing something new alone can be even more 改变一下看待每一天的态度。选项C“改变一 challenging.There's no reason you can't rely on 下你看待你每天的生活的方式。”和下文意思 friends or family to help you get out of your com- 一致。] ·402· 基础必备选择性必修第二册 4.D[根据下文“just think of stepping outside 5.G [根据上文“Pick someone who's naturally your comfort zone as opportunities.You may adventurous to be your partner in trying new be right around the corner from changing your experiences..(选择一个有冒险精神的人作为你 life for the better.(仅仅把走出舒适区看作是 机会。你也许就在把生活变成更好的转角 尝试新体验的伙伴。)”可知，这里作者建议走出 处。)”可知，这里作者是建议人们要积极看待走 舒适区时和一个伙伴一起去。选项G“他们可 出舒适区。选项D“不要集中在失败的可能性 以让你在探索不熟悉的区域时更加的舒服。”和 上。”和下文意思一致。] 上文意思一致。] Ⅲ.语法填空主题：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：在人类生物学研究领域取得的显著进展 In recent years,China has made remarkable 2.editing[考查非谓语动词。句意：一项重要的 progress in human biology research,1. 成就是基因编辑技术领域的突破。此处意为 has drawn global attention. “基因编辑技术”，表达为gene editing technolo One significant achievement lies in the field gy,故应用动名词editing作定语，修饰technol- of gene 2. (edit)technology.Scientists ogy,故填editing。] in China,working with international teams,have 3.have applied[考查时态。句意：例如，他们已 made good use of the CRISPR-Cas9 system.For 经将其应用于遗传疾病的研究，旨在寻找潜在 example,they 3. (apply)it to 的治疗方法。此处作谓语动词，主语为they,为 studying genetic diseases,aiming to find poten- 复数，与apply之间为主动关系，陈述过去动作 对现在造成的影响，此处应用现在完成时，故填 tial cures.Their research has led to a better un- have applied。] derstanding of how to 4. (accu- 4.accurately[考查副词。句意：他们的研究使我 rate)modify genes related to inherited(遗传的) 们更好地理解了如何准确地改进与遗传性疾病 disorders,bringing hope to countless patients 相关的基因，为无数患者及其家庭带来了希望。 and their families. 此处修饰动词modify,故应用副词“accurately Another remarkable area 5. (be) 准确地”作状语，故填accurately。] the study of the human microbiome(微生物组). 5.s[考查时态和主谓一致。句意：另一个引人 Chinese researchers have been exploring the com- 注目的领域是人类微生物组的研究。此处作谓 plex relationships between the microorganisms in 语动词，主语为Another remarkable area,为单 the human body and human health.They've dis- 数，且根据前文“One significant achievement covered that the gut microbiome,for instance, lies in”可知，此处介绍另一个领域，故也应用一 plays a crucial role 6. digestion,immu- 般现在时，陈述客观事实，故填s。] nity,and even mental health.This research could 6.in[考查介词。句意：例如，他们发现肠道微生 potentially lead to new treatments for digestive 物组在消化、免疫甚至心理健康方面发挥着至 problems and immune-related disorders. 关重要的作用。此处意为“在…种发挥着重 In addition,China has made great efforts in 要的作用”，表达为play a crucial role in,故此处 stem cell(千细胞)research..Scientists are work 应用介词in,故填in。] ing on using stem cells to repair 7. 7.damaged[考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们 damage)tissues and organs.Some pre-clinical 正在研究如何使用干细胞修复受损的组织和器 8. (trial)have shown promising results 官。此处作定语，修饰名词tissues,意为“受损 的”，故应用过去分词damaged作定语，故填 in treating conditions like spinal cord injuries and damaged。 degenerative diseases. 8.trials[考查名词的数。句意：一些临床前试验 These advancements not only contribute to 在治疗脊髓损伤和退行性疾病等方面显示出了 9 development of human biology but 良好的效果。此处“trial试验”为可数名词，且 also have the 10. (capable)to im- 根据空前的修饰词some以及空后的谓语动词 prove human health and betterment significantly have shown可知，此处应用名词的复数作主语， in the future. 故填trials。] [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍 9.the[考查冠词。句意：这些进展不仅推动了 了中国在人类生物学研究领域取得的显著进展。 人类生物学的发展，还具有在未来显著改善人 1.which[考查定语从句。句意：近年来，中国在 类健康和福祉的能力。此处特指“生物学方面 人类生物学研究领域取得了显著进展，这一成 的发展”，故应用定冠词the修饰名词develop 就引起了全球的关注。此处引导非限制性定语 ment,故填the。] 从句，先行为remarkable progress in human bi- l0.capability[考查名词。句意同上。此处作 ology research,指物，在定语从句中作主语，故 have的宾语，故应用名词“capability”,故填ca 应用which引导，故填which。] pability。] ·403·