Unit2语法(情态动词/反身代词)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年鲁教四五学制版英语八年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦Unit2 Stay Healthy单元，核心讲解情态动词should/could（表建议劝告）及反身代词。课堂导入从已学情态动词入手，通过定义解析、句型示例、对比表格及例句分析搭建学习支架，帮助学生逐步掌握两者用法及语气差异。 资料特色在于结合健康主题设计情境化例句与练习，贴近生活实际，提升语言运用能力。通过对比归纳、固定搭配梳理及多样化习题（填空、单选等），培养学生分析比较的思维品质，同时提供易错提醒与答案解析，助力自主学习，发展学习能力。

Unit2 Stay Healthy语法讲解与练习 语法精讲:情态动词 (should /could) +反身代词 第一部分 情态动词 should & could（表建议劝告） 情态动词特点：后接动词原形，无人称/数的变化，不能单独作谓语 1. should 含义：应该/应当；语气较强，情理上、健康方面给出明确劝告、责任义务。 ✅句型： 肯定：主语 + should + 动词原形 否定：主语 + shouldn’t + 动词原形（不应该） 疑问：Should + 主语 + 动词原形？（我应该…… 吗？） 例句: You should see a dentist when you have a toothache. 牙痛的时候你应该去看牙医。 解析：should 后接动词原形 see；给出明确健康建议。 You shouldn’t stay up late. It’s bad for your health. 你不应该熬夜，这对你健康有害。 解析：shouldn’t 否定劝告，后接动词原形 stay。 —Should I lie down and rest? 我应该躺下休息吗？ —Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn’t. 解析：should 一般疑问句，回答还用 should /shouldn’t 2. could（表委婉建议） 含义：可以、不妨；语气比should 弱很多，只是提供一个可选方案，不强制。 ⚠️此处 could不是can过去式，只用于委婉提建议。 ✅句型：主语+ could +动词原形 例句: You could drink some hot honey water for your sore throat. 喉咙疼你可以喝点热蜂蜜水。 解析：委婉建议，给一种可行办法，语气柔和。 If you feel stressed, you could do some yoga to relax. 如果你感到压力大，你可以做做瑜伽放松。 ✔ should vs could 对比记忆 情态动词 语气 含义 场景 should 强 应该 情理、健康必须要做 / 不要做 could 弱 可以、不妨 提供可选方案，仅供参考 例句对比： You should go to hospital at once.（你应当马上去医院，病情较重，强烈劝告） You could have a good rest at home.（你可以在家好好休息，可选建议） 第二部分 反身代词 1. 反身代词表格 人称 单数 复数 构成规则 第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 形容词性物主代词+ self /selves 第二人称 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 形容词性物主代+ self /selves 第三人称 himself 他自己； herself 她自己;itself 它自己 themselves 他们/她们/它们自己 人称代词宾格+ self /selves 易错拼写：ourselves, themselves（不要写成 ourself /theirself） 2. 三大用法 用法①：作动词/介词宾语（高频） 动作施加到主语本人身上；反身代词必须和主语人称、数保持一致 He hurt himself in PE class. 他体育课弄伤了自己。 解析：主语 he → himself 作 hurt 的宾语。 Don’t cut yourself with that knife. 别被那把刀割到你自己。 解析：祈使句主语 you → yourself 用法②：作同位语，表强调 “亲自、本人”，位置可放主语后或句末 I myself finished the task. = I finished the task myself. 我亲自完成这项任务。 解析：myself 强调 “本人，没有别人帮忙”，去掉句子依然完整。 用法③：固定搭配（考试必背） enjoy oneself 玩得开心 help oneself to … 随便吃 / 取用…… teach oneself 自学 look after oneself 照顾自己 by oneself 独自地（= alone）学科网 We enjoyed ourselves at the health club. 我们在健身俱乐部玩得很愉快。 解析：主语 we → ourselves You should learn to look after yourself. 你应该学会照顾你自己。 He can finish the work by himself. 他可以独自完成这份工作。 ❗易错提醒：反身代词不能单独做主语 ❌ Myself went to hospital. ✅ I went to hospital myself. 我自己去的医院。 【配套练习】 Ⅰ. 用括号内单词适当形式填空 1.The little boy hurt ________ (he) when he fell down. 2.You should learn to look after ________ (you), kids. 3.We can finish the whole task by ________ (we). 4.She taught ________ (she) yoga in her free time. 5.Help ________ (you) to some fruit, everyone. 6.You ________ (should) eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your body. 7.If you have a fever, you ________ (should) lie down and rest. 8.He cut ________ (him) when he was cooking dinner. 9.They enjoyed ________ (they) during the sports camp. 10.________ (should) I drink more water when I have a sore throat? 11.The girl could relax ________ (she) by listening to soft music. 12.You ________ (could) try drinking hot tea if you feel terrible. 13.My cat can wash ________ (it) every day. 14.You shouldn’t push ________ (you) too hard. Reduce your stress. 15.—I have a bad headache. —You ________ (should) go to see a doctor right away. 16.Can you repair the bike by ________ (you)? 17.We ________ (should) stay up late to finish homework. 18.He himself solved the problem. Nobody helped ________ (he). 19.You could give ________ (you) a break after longtime study. 20.Should we take good care of ________ (we) to stay healthy? Ⅱ. 单项选择 ( )1. —I have a stomachache. —You ____ eat cold food and you ____ drink some hot water. A. should; shouldn’t B. shouldn’t; should C. could; shouldn’t D. shouldn’t; could ( )2. Don’t play with the knife. You may hurt ____. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours ( )3. —What ____ I do when I feel stressed? —You ____ do some sports to relax. A. should; could B. could; should C. should; shouldn’t D. shouldn’t; could ( )4. Help ____ to some cakes, boys and girls. A. yourself B. yourselves C. you D. your ( )5. You ____ stay in the sun for too long. It’s harmful to your skin. A. should B. shouldn’t C. could D. couldn’t ( )6. He finished all the hard work by ____. A. he B. him C. himself D. his ( )7. —I can’t sleep well at night. —You ____ drink a cup of warm milk before going to bed. A. could B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. need ( )8. We enjoyed ____ very much at the weekend activity. A. us B. our C. ourselves D. ours ( )9. —____ I take some medicine for my cold? —Yes, you ____. A. Could; could B. Should; should C. Should; could D. Could; shouldn’t ( )10. You shouldn’t push ____ so hard. You need to rest. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours ( )11. If you have a sore throat, you ____ speak too much. A. should B. shouldn’t C. could D. can ( )12. She taught ____ French when she was free. A. her B. herself C. she D. hers ( )13. —I feel tired these days. —You ____ take a short holiday. It is just a suggestion. A. should B. shouldn’t C. could D. must ( )14. The kids can’t look after ____ when their parents are away. A. themselves B. them C. their D. they ( )15. You ____ do more exercise to keep in good health. A. should B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t Ⅲ. 句型改写 1.You should eat too much sweet food.（改为否定句） _________________________________________________ 2.I have a toothache. What should I do?（用 could 给出建议：你可以去看牙医） _________________________________________________ 3.He hurt himself when he played basketball.（改为一般疑问句） _________________________________________________ 4.You should lie down and rest.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） _________________________________________________ 5.They enjoyed themselves at the party.（改为同义句：have fun） _________________________________________________ 6.You could drink hot water. You have a sore throat.（合并句子） _________________________________________________ 7.We finished the work alone.（改为同义句，用 by +反身代词） _________________________________________________ 8.Should I go to hospital now?（给出否定回答） _________________________________________________ 9.You shouldn’t stay up late. It’s bad for your health.（合并为一句） _________________________________________________ 10.She can look after herself well.（改为同义短语 take good care of） _________________________________________________ Ⅳ. 汉译英 1.当你发烧时，你应该多喝热水。 _________________________________________________ 2.你们不应该给自己太大压力。 _________________________________________________ 3.你喉咙疼，可以试试喝点蜂蜜水。 _________________________________________________ 4.这个小男孩在做饭的时候伤到了自己。 _________________________________________________ 5.我们应该学会照顾自己保持健康。 _________________________________________________ 6.你不应该长时间看电子屏幕。 _________________________________________________ 7.如果感到疲惫，你可以短暂休息一会儿。 _________________________________________________ 8.孩子们昨天在夏令营玩得很开心。 _________________________________________________ 9.他可以独自完成这份健康报告。 _________________________________________________ 10.我应该做什么来缓解我的头痛？ _________________________________________________ Keys Ⅰ. 词形填空 1.himself 2.yourselves 3.ourselves 4.herself 5.yourselves 6.shouldn’t 7.should 8.himself 9.themselves 10.Should 11.herself 12.could 13.itself 14.yourself 15.should 16.yourself 17.shouldn’t 18.him 19.yourself 20.ourselves Ⅱ. 单项选择 15 BCABB 610 CACBC 1115 BBCAA Ⅲ. 句型改写 1.You shouldn’t eat too much sweet food. 2.You could go to see a dentist. 3.Did he hurt himself when he played basketball? 4.—Should I lie down and rest? —Yes, you should. 5.They had fun at the party. 6.You could drink hot water when you have a sore throat. 7.We finished the work by ourselves. 8.No, you shouldn’t. 9.You shouldn’t stay up late because it’s bad for your health. 10.She can take good care of herself. Ⅳ. 汉译英 1.When you have a fever, you should drink more hot water. 2.You shouldn’t push yourselves too hard. 3.You could try drinking some honey water when you have a sore throat. 4.The little boy hurt himself when he was cooking. 5.We should learn to look after ourselves to stay healthy. 6.You shouldn’t look at the screen for a long time. 7.If you feel tired, you could take a short break. 8.The children enjoyed themselves at the summer camp yesterday. 9.He can finish the health report by himself. 10.What should I do to ease my headache? 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $