专题10 阅读理解推理判断题、主旨大意题（复习讲义）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦阅读理解推理判断题和主旨大意题，涵盖隐含意义、写作意图等八大知识点，按考向逻辑构建知识框架。通过考点精讲、思维建模、真题溯源等环节，帮助学生掌握解题范式，提升推理分析和主旨概括能力，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料创新采用“考向破译+典例精析”策略，如推断观点态度时引导学生分析情感词汇，主旨题训练定位主题句，培养思维品质与语言能力。设置真题与模拟题分层训练，配合即时反馈，助力学生高效突破难点，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

专题10 阅读理解推理判断题、主旨大意题 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 推理判断题 知识解构 知识点1 推断隐含意义 知识点2 推断写作意图 知识点3推断观点态度 知识点4推断文章出处或读者对象 考向破译 考向 01 考查逻辑分析推断隐含意义 考向02 考查文体特点推断写作意图 考向 03 考查忠于措辞推断观点态度 考向04 考查语言特色推断文章出处和目标读者 考点二 主旨大意题 知识解构 知识点1 文章大意类 知识点2 段落大意类 知识点3最佳标题类 知识点4写作目的类 考向破译 考向 01 考查文章大意题 考向02 考查段落大意题 考向 03 考查标题归纳题 考向04 考查写作目的题 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 近年上海高考阅读理解题细目表 高考年份 判断推理题题号/数量 主旨大意题题号/数量 2023上海春考 56、61、63、65 (4) 59、62、66、（3） 2022上海春考 58、60、65 (3) 59、62、66、(3) 2021上海春考 56、61、63、65 (4) 66、(1) 2020上海春考 57、59、64、65(4) 66、(1) 2023上海秋考 58、59、61、62 (4) 63 (1) 2022上海秋考 58、62、64 (3) 59、63、66、(3) 2021上海秋考 56、57、59、61、62、64、(6) 65、66、(2) 2020上海秋考 58、59、61、62 (4) 60、63、66、(3) 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 推理判断题 知●识●解●构 知识点 1 推断隐含意义 推断隐含意义是高考阅读高频考点，考查学生读懂文字表层信息，挖掘文本背后未直接表述内容的能力。该题型题干常含 infer、imply、suggest 等标志性词汇，答案不能是原文直接摘抄的句子，必须依托原文细节进行合理推导。命题常设置曲解原文、过度推断、主观臆断等干扰项。解题时要定位原文对应段落，立足上下文逻辑，忠于文本内容，摒弃个人固有认知。既不能照搬原文显性语句，也不能脱离文本随意猜想，需结合句间逻辑、例证、转折等线索，由已知信息推出言外之意，区分事实陈述与隐含推断，避开 “原文原句即为答案” 的易错陷阱。 【典例】（2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） The following day I climbed Aksla. The path was steep, and the pain in my legs was sharp but honest. Each step seemed like a question: who are you now? At the top, sitting among stones and thin grass, I looked at the silent peaks and understood that the sea had not sent me here by chance. I had crossed water and land only to discover that the journey was inward. 38. What can we infer about the author from Paragraph 4? A. He was weaker than before. B. He reflected on his true self. C. He regretted going to Norway. D. He lost his way on the mountain. 【答案】 38. B 推理判断题。根据第四段“Each step seemed like a question: who are you now? At the top, sitting among stones and thin grass, I looked at the silent peaks and understood that the sea had not sent me here by chance. I had crossed water and land only to discover that the journey was inward.(每一步似乎都像是一个疑问：你现在是谁？在山顶上，我坐在石头和稀疏的草丛之中，凝视着那寂静的山峰，这才明白大海并非偶然将我带到此地。我跨越了水域和陆地，只是为了发现这段旅程其实是在向内进行)”可知，他反思了自己的真实自我。故选 考点逻辑：题干infer为推断隐含意义标志；原文没有直接写 “反思自我”，通过关键句the journey was inward（这场旅程是向内探寻）推导深层含义。登山每一步都在追问 “我是谁”，登顶后意识到此行目的是向内审视自我，隐含他在反思真实的自己。 【典例】（2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） The findings support the need for scientists to incorporate more diversity when crafting linguistic models, says Zining Qiu, a linguist who was not involved in the new study. Her own work has illustrated how different brain regions activate when processing English or Chinese sentences because of their differing linguistic properties. If these studies are done only in English-speaking adults, she says, crucial differences in processing will be missed. Qiu maintains that this limitation defeats the purpose of the models, which are meant to provide a realistic picture of human language-based thinking. 45. Zining Qiu would most likely agree that _______. A. English-based studies have huge scientific value B. existing linguistic models may not apply universally C. only non-English languages deserve further investigation D. findings from Dutch speakers contradict previous research 【答案】 45. B 推理判断题。根据第六段“The findings support the need for scientists to incorporate more diversity when crafting linguistic models, says Zining Qiu, a linguist who was not involved in the new study. Her own work has illustrated how different brain regions activate when processing English or Chinese sentences because of their differing linguistic properties. If these studies are done only in English-speaking adults, she says, crucial differences in processing will be missed. Qiu maintains that this limitation defeats the purpose of the models, which are meant to provide a realistic picture of human language-based thinking.(未参与这项新研究的语言学家邱子宁表示，这些研究结果表明，科学家在构建语言模型时必须纳入更多元的语言类型。 她自己的研究已经证明，由于英语和汉语的语言特性不同，人们在处理这两种语言的句子时，大脑的不同区域会被激活。她说，如果这些研究只在讲英语的成年人中开展，就会忽略语言处理过程中的关键差异。 邱子宁认为，这种局限性会违背语言模型的初衷 —— 模型本应真实反映人类基于语言的思维过程)”可知，邱子宁认为现有的基于英语的语言模型可能无法普遍适用，故选B项。 考点逻辑：原文直白说仅研究英语会忽略语言处理差异，语言模型本应还原人类语言思维；隐含推导：现有基于英语的模型无法适用于所有语言（不具备通用性），属于文本未直接陈述的深层结论。 知识点 2 推断写作意图 推断写作意图侧重考查考生把握作者行文目的的能力，即判断作者写某段或整篇文章想要达成的效果，常见目的有介绍说明、说服劝说、批评反思、科普普及、讲述故事等。题目常针对全文或者指定段落设问，需要跳出细节，站在宏观视角分析。解题要关注文章体裁、开篇结尾、情感倾向，区分 “文章内容” 和 “写作目的”。干扰项多为局部细节概括，并非写作想要达成的目标。做题时要分清：记叙文侧重情感与感悟，说明文重在科普介绍，议论文重在传递观点，广告类重在宣传推广，综合文本信息锁定作者真正想要传递的核心诉求。 【典例】（2025~2026学年崇明区二模） Some might suggest that a book about “the influence of the horse on human history” couldn’t possibly be interesting. But in fact, Timothy C. Winegard’s The Horse is fascinating, offering a fresh perspective on how crucial horses were in human development. And it almost didn’t happen. 39. Why did the author write this passage? A. To introduce and recommend the book The Horse. B. To analyze important historical events related to horses. C. To explain the reasons why horses were important in wars. D. To describe how horse domestication influenced human history. 【答案】39. A 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Some might suggest that a book about “the influence of the horse on human history” couldn’t possibly be interesting. But in fact, Timothy C. Winegard’s The Horse is fascinating, offering a fresh perspective on how crucial horses were in human development. And it almost didn’t happen.(有人可能会认为，一本关于“马对人类历史的影响”的书不可能有趣。但事实上，蒂莫西·C·温加德的《马》一书非常吸引人，它为马在人类发展中的关键作用提供了全新的视角。但这本书差点儿未能面世。)”以及最后一段“The Horse is extensively researched. It is interesting, charming and entertaining. But I know: I can lead you to a bookstore, but I can’t make you read.(《马》这本书经过了广泛的研究。它有趣、迷人、娱乐性强。但我知道：我可以带你去书店，但我不能强迫你读。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍并推荐《马》这本书。故选A。 考点逻辑：原文全篇书评，开篇介绍《The Horse》一书，结尾评价书籍内容详实有趣。 全文结构：引出书籍→书中马驯化 / 农耕 / 战争内容→夸赞书籍；作者并非单纯讲历史，核心写作目的是介绍并推荐这本著作，属于推断全文写作意图。 【典例】（2025~2026学年虹口区二模） Because George doesn’t understand things at an adult level, it’s impossible for him to truly comprehend whether I’m having a good or bad day. Instead, he’s able to bring me the same energy, the same love and acceptance, no matter what. It’s an incredible gift. Because I know that even at my worst, when I feel like I’m drowning, I can count on Uncle George, up there in Tower 1, to call down and tell me I’m the best guy he knows. It’s an act of love that saves me, just a little bit, every single day. 39. What message does the author want to convey through the passage? A. People with disabilities can understand others better than most adults do. B. Frequent phone calls are the best way to keep relationships strong. C. Role-play helps strengthen family bonds across generations. D. A simple act of love can provide steady comfort in life. 【答案】 39. D 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“It’s an act of love that saves me, just a little bit, every single day.(这是一种爱的行为，每天都能给我一点点的拯救。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者与患有智力障碍的叔叔乔治之间通过日常电话交流建立起的深厚情感，以及这些电话在作者困难时期给予的安慰和支持，从而传达了“一个简单的爱的行为可以在生活中提供稳定的安慰”这一信息。故选D。 考点逻辑：智力障碍叔叔每天角色扮演打电话，低谷时治愈作者。结尾：It’s an act of love that saves me, just a little bit, every single day.全文记叙通话故事是载体，作者最终想传递、表达的核心观点就是写作意图：微小的爱意举动，能持续给予人生慰藉。 知识点 3 推断观点态度 推断观点态度该考点要求考生识别作者或者文中人物对人、事、物的情感评价，分为褒义、贬义、客观中立三大态度。答案不会直接直白给出，大多藏在形容词、副词、转折词、举例、语气词中。高考常设置中性客观、支持赞同、批判质疑等态度选项，同时把无关态度作为强干扰项。做题切忌代入自身看法，必须以文本用词为唯一依据。要特别区分作者态度和文中引用人物的态度，二者极易混淆。遇到转折、让步逻辑词重点研读，梳理情感色彩词汇，排除主观臆断，精准判断文本流露出的褒贬倾向，选出匹配的态度类选项。 【典例】（2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） SNCF’s policy may affect only a small number of seats, but the reaction matters. Keeping children welcome in public spaces will not reverse falling birth rates. Treating them as troubles, however, is unlikely to help. 46. What is the author’s overall attitude in the passage? A. Neutral and mixed about the policy’s social impact. B. Concerned and critical of “no-kids” rule on board. C. Worried but supportive of policies favouring parents. D. Suspicious yet respectful of the rail operator’s policy. 【答案】 46. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“SNCF’s policy may affect only a small number of seats, but the reaction matters. Keeping children welcome in public spaces will not reverse falling birth rates. Treating them as troubles, however, is unlikely to help.(SNCF的政策可能只影响少数座位，但反应很重要。让儿童在公共空间受到欢迎不会扭转出生率下降的趋势。然而，把他们当作麻烦事不太可能有所帮助。)”可知，作者对火车上的“无儿童”规则表示担忧和批评。故选B。 考点逻辑：态度关键词treating them as troubles is unlikely to help（把孩子当麻烦毫无益处）体现作者担忧（concerned），同时批判铁路 “无儿童席位” 的规定（critical），推导整体态度。 【典例】（2025~2026学年金山区二模） 46. What is Dr. Buchman’s attitude towards the study’s findings? A. Appreciative and cautiously optimistic. B. Indifferent to the participants’ contributions. C. Pessimistic about their practical application. D. Suspicious of the link between exercise and brain health. 【答案】46. A 【解析】观点态度题。Dr. Buchman 感谢参与者，同时谨慎提出活动的保护作用，态度为欣赏且谨慎乐观，故选 A。 考点逻辑：great thank you体现他对实验参与者心怀感激（appreciative）；仅提出运动能降低认知衰退风险，未宣称能治愈阿尔茨海默，态度谨慎乐观（cautiously optimistic）。 知识点 4 推断文章出处和目标读者 推断文章出处和目标读者此题型要求依据文体特征判断文本来源于哪里，以及文章面向哪一类读者。常见出处有报纸新闻、科普杂志、网络博文、教科书、广告手册等；目标读者常涉及青少年、普通大众、专业研究者、消费者等。不同文体有鲜明特征：新闻多有导语；广告侧重推销；科普文侧重科普知识。解题核心是抓文章题材、语言难度、内容风格。干扰项常混淆文体特征，比如把科普文章错判为广告。做题时综合题材、措辞、内容定位来源，根据文本用词难度、话题适配群体，判断文章是写给哪类人群阅读，做到有理有据，不凭经验主观猜测。 【典例】（2025~2026学年崇明区二模） Doing something you’re bad at can make you better at what you’re good at, as well as potentially making you good at something new. Understanding this dynamic can give you an edge in your own area of excellence, and enhance your life generally. To be great at what you do, take a chance on failing at something else. .......... It is clear that although we hate to fail, doing so can be beneficial for learning a new skill and mastering an old one. This has implications for how to improve ordinary life. 46. The author’s primary purpose in writing this passage is to ______. A. argue that failure is inevitable in daily life and advise readers to avoid its mental pain B. illustrate the positive values of failure in unfamiliar areas and persuade readers to accept it C. compare different ways to handle failure and highlight the effectiveness of action rumination D. analyze the psychological mechanism behind people’s fear of failure and its evolutionary origin 【答案】 46. B 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Doing something you’re bad at can make you better at what you’re good at, as well as potentially making you good at something new. (做你不擅长的事情可以让你更擅长你擅长的事情，并且可能让你擅长新的事情)”以及最后一段中“It is clear that although we hate to fail, doing so can be beneficial for learning a new skill and mastering an old one. (很明显，尽管我们讨厌失败，但这样做对于学习新技能和掌握旧技能是有益的。)”可推知，作者的主要目的是阐述在不熟悉领域失败所蕴含的积极价值，并说服读者接受失败。故选B项。 考点逻辑：推断出处：Popular science magazine（大众科普杂志）；目标读者：general science lovers（普通科学爱好者）。文章讲解热力学第二定律，解释复杂物理概念时使用日常书桌举例简化，没有专业论文的严谨术语堆砌，既不面向专业物理学家，也和数学、医学无关，面向喜爱科学的普通大众。 考●向●破●译 考向1 逻辑分析推断隐含意义 锁定关键词： 根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论）, indicate（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速确定题型 设题方式： It can be inferred from the passage that ． The author implied（suggested）that．．． ． It can be concluded from the passage that ． The writer indicates/implies/suggests that ． 解题指导： (1)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；(2)整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须以文章所提供的事实内容为依据，切忌凭空想象。 【示例1】 Of course, there are typically many participants in the pricing process: Accounting provides cost estimates; marketing communicates the pricing strategy; sales provides specific customer input; production sets supply boundaries; and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary. However, problems arise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over to the price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms (协调机制). For example, if the marketing department sets list prices, the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field, the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements, and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment, everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results. In fact, the company may actually lose money on some orders. 65. What can be inferred from the wide participation in the pricing process? A. Decision making requires gathering comprehensive information. B. The coordinating mechanism won’t work without a lot of input. C. Potential customers are easily upset at any stage of the process. D. The company loses money unless everyone intends for the best. 【答案】 65. A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Of course, there are typically many participants in the pricing process: Accounting provides cost estimates; marketing communicates the pricing strategy; sales provides specific customer input; production sets supply boundaries; and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary. (当然，定价过程中通常有很多参与者：会计提供成本估算;营销传达定价策略；销售人员提供具体的客户意见；生产设置供应边界；财务部门为整个公司的财务 状况制定了要求。来自不同来源的投入是必要的。)”可知，定价过程的广泛参与是因为决策需要收集全面的信息，故选A项。 【示例2】 Handled in a smart way, some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy. AI is highly capable of identifying complex patterns and improving systems, which can help reduce emissions. It is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical networks with real-time balance of supply and demand. Besides, it has assisted in reducing petrol consumption in shipping through adjusting routes and speeds to the fittest, and spotting leaks of methane (a greenhouse gas) by cooperating with satellites and ground sensors. 44. We can learn from paragraph 3 that________. A. energy used by AI would otherwise realize a green economy B. energy saving in shipping is partly due to AI-improved routes C. AI’s real-time management has raised electricity consumption D. methane leak detection done by AI can be sensed by satellites 【答案】 44. B 推理题。根据第三段“Besides, it has assisted in reducing petrol consumption in shipping through adjusting routes and speeds to the fittest, and spotting leaks of methane (a greenhouse gas) by cooperating with satellites and ground sensors.(此外，它还通过调整航线和航速来帮助减少航运中的汽油消耗，并通过与卫星和地面传感器合作来发现甲烷的泄漏)”可知，航运业节约了很多能源部分原因是由于人工智能改善了航线。故选B项。 考向2 文体特点推断写作意图 锁定关键词： 根据题干关键词purpose（目的），intend to（打算），want to tell us ...（想要告诉我们），write this passage to（写这篇文章为了）迅速确定题型。 设题方式： What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? The purpose of the text is to get more people to ． The writer of the story wants to tell us that ． The fact ... is mentioned by the author to show ． The author writes the last paragraph in order to ． 解题指导： 记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（to tell a story, to entertain readers, to share an experience...）； 应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（to sell, to attract, to persuade, to promote...） 说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（to introduce, to explain, to inform, to make comparisons...）； 议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。 【示例1】 1. Visitors access the castle over a wooden-board bridge. 2. Upon entering the castle,there is a set of adapted toilets to your left, and the ticket office to your right — both reached over an uneven cobbled (铺有鹅卵石的) surface. 3. You enter the castle from a steep winding route. It is 15 degrees at its steepest point,the average is five degrees and it is approximate ly 350 m from entering the castle to the top level at Crown Square. It is surfaced with cobbles,which can be uneven. 42. The main purpose of this passage is to_________. A. promote the castle’s cafes and souvenir shops B. tell the dramatic story of the castle’s past battles C. offer the overview of the castle’s physical layout D. describe the historical significance of the castle 【答案】 42. C 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由“1.Visitors access the castle over a wooden-board bridge.(1.游客需经由一座木板桥进入城堡。)”、“2.Upon entering the castle,there is a set of adapted toilets to your left, and the ticket office to your right — both reached over an uneven cobbled (铺有鹅卵石的) surface.(2.进入城堡后，你的左侧设有无障碍卫生间，右侧是售票处 —— 两处地点都位于凹凸不平的鹅卵石路面之上。)”可知，文章详细介绍了进入城堡的路线、城堡内各区域的位置、地面状况、特殊设施（如厕所、售票处）、景点（如一点钟炮、圣玛格丽特教堂等）以及离开城堡的方式等，整体是在提供城堡的物理布局概述，这也是该文章的目的。故选C。 【示例2】 Beyond practice, creativity grows in environments that encourage exploration and problem-solving. Many breakthroughs in music, science, and art do not emerge from sudden inspiration but rather from sustained effort and experimentation. A composer might spend weeks testing different chord (和弦) progressions before discovering a unique combination. Similarly, a scientist may conduct numerous failed experiments before uncovering a groundbreaking solution. Thomas Edison, for example, famously said that his success was built on “1,000 ways that won’t work” before inventing the lightbulb (灯泡). 2．The role of the example of Thomas Edison in paragraph 3 is _________. A．to illustrate that failure can lead to success B．to show that perseverance is essential for creativity C．to emphasize that success depends on the initial talent D．to argue that failure is the main source of creativity 【答案】2．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了创造力是可以通过有目的的练习、坚持不懈和正确的心态来培养的技能，并对此进行了举例说明。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Similarly, a scientist may conduct numerous failed experiments before uncovering a groundbreaking solution. Thomas Edison, for example, famously said that his success was built on “1,000 ways that won’t work” before inventing the lightbulb (灯泡).(同样，科学家在发现突破性的解决方案之前，可能会进行无数次失败的实验。例如，托马斯·爱迪生在发明灯泡之前曾说过，他的成功建立在“1000种行不通的方法”之上)”可推知，托马斯·爱迪生的例子是为了说明创造力需要坚持不懈的努力，即毅力对创造力至关重要。故选B。 考向3 忠于措辞推断观点态度 锁定关键词： 根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude（态度），outstanding（ 优秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hopefully（有希望的）,against（反对）, in favor of（赞成）, 迅速确定题型。 设题方式： The attitude of the author towards something is ． The writer of the passage seems to think that ． What's the author's opinion on ...? What do we know about ... in the passage? What does the author think about ...？ 解题指导： (1)注意作者或文中人物的措辞：①分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；②留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；③结合英语国家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断。 (2)牢记观点态度的常见词语： 附注：英语阅读理解中表示作者态度的高频词汇 观点态度 例词 支持肯定 positive (积极的)、supportive (支持的)、optimistic (乐观的)、concerned 关心的 humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(热情的)、pleasant (愉快的)；subjective 主观的 中立 neutral (中立的)、objective(客观的)、not mentioned(未提及的)、unconcerned 不关心的、uninterested(不感兴趣的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)；conservative 保守的 否定反对 negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(怀疑的)、disgusted(憎恶的) critical(批评的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不赞成的)、puzzled/ confused 困惑的、pessimistic 悲观的 【示例1】 Youth involves a certain innocence but also perseverance. The word “can’t” wasn’t in my vocabulary. I partnered with a friend buying distressed multifamily properties around Houston. Even though we were enthusiastic and backed with start-up sums, I didn’t make a deal work. My friend moved on to other projects. Alone, I put all my money into the next real-estate project. I put the time in, I dreamed it, but once again the deal fell through. Two months later, though, the deal came back around. That was when the path opened, luck changed, and I was ready to form my own company. I haven’t looked back. Only ahead. I’m now able to give back to communities and causes. I donate about $500,000 a year, much of that going to research to cure rare diseases. We also support a lot of services for disadvantaged children in Houston and other places. 38. Which quality of the author is not shown in the passage? A. Perseverance. B. Optimism. C. Innocence. D. Kindness. 【答案】38. C 【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在成长过程中经常遇到困难，所以无论发生什么，都习惯了勇往直前。 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Youth involves a certain innocence but also perseverance. The word “can’t” wasn’t in my vocabulary.(青春既有一定的天真，也有一定的毅力。我的字典里没有“不能”这个词)”以及倒数第二段中“I’m now able to give back to communities and causes. I donate about $500,000 a year, much of that going to research to cure rare diseases.(我现在能够回馈社区和事业。我每年捐赠大约50万美元，其中大部分用于治疗罕见疾病的研究)”可知，作者单纯的品质在文章中没有表现出来。故选C。 【示例2】 Despite their success, virtual influencers aren’t without controversy, with many expressing discomfort with the idea of “fake humans” interacting with the world as if they were real. As we look ahead, it’s worth asking: How will the world adjust to this new reality where digital beings exist alongside real humans? The answer, as always, lies in how we choose to use the tools we have been given. 39. What is the author’s attitude towards virtual influencers? A. Doubtful. B. Neutral. C. Strongly critical. D. Fully supportive. 【答案】 39. B 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第5段“Despite their success, virtual influencers aren’t without controversy(尽管虚拟网红们取得了成功，但他们也并非没有争议)”以及“The answer, as always, lies in how we choose to use the tools we have been given.(答案一如既往地取决于我们选择如何使用手中的工具)”可知，作者既提到了虚拟网红的成功，也提及了争议，并未表达偏向性的观点，态度是中立的。故选B。 考向4 语言特色推断文章出处和目标读者 设题方式: This passage would be most likely to be found in ． The passage is probably taken from ． Were does this text probably come from? Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from? The text is intended for ． 解题指导： (1) 根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象 (2) 根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题 广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点； 报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主； 杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活； 产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍； 药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等； 网络：文体不限，找到click here，download，up­load，link，mouse, surf等网络标志 【示例1】 In case you want to know more about the benefits of tax-free municipal bonds, we now have an offer for you. Our specialists have created a helpful Bond Guide for investors. It’s free and comes with no obligation (义务) at all. 10．Who would be the most likely target readers of this leaflet? A．Municipal bond administrators. B．Federal tax calculators. C．The copyright owners of the Bond Guide. D．Senior-citizen investors. 【答案】 10．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。向读者介绍了市政债券的相关信息。 10．推理判断题。根据第五段第一二句“In case you want to know more about the benefits of tax-free municipal bonds, we now have an offer for you. Our specialists have created a helpful Bond Guide for investors. (如果您想了解更多关于免税市政债券的好处，我们现在为您提供优惠。我们的专家为投资者创建了一份有用的债券指南)”可知，本文的目标读者是对市政债券感兴趣的投资者。故选D项。 【示例2】 Pickleball is now one of the fastest-growing sports, and it’s tons of fun. It is played on a badminton-sized court with a net at the center. Each end of the court has a kitchen (the non-volley zone; volley is a hit of the ball before it touches the ground). Follow these simple rules and I bet you’ll be out playing doubles pickleball in no time. 42. Where may you find this article? A. In a journal on sports science. B. From a profile of the sports’ inventor. C. At the “How-To” section of a sports website. D. On an official document of sports rule clarification. 【答案】 42. C 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Pickleball is now one of the fastest-growing sports, and it’s tons of fun. It is played on a badminton-sized court with a net at the center. Each end of the court has a kitchen (the non-volley zone; volley is a hit of the ball before it touches the ground). Follow these simple rules and I bet you’ll be out playing doubles pickleball in no time. (皮克球运动如今已成为发展最为迅速的体育项目之一，而且非常有趣。它在一块羽毛球大小的场地进行，场地中央设有网。场地的两端各有一个“非击球区”（即非击球区；击球时球必须先触地）。“遵循这些简单的规则，我敢保证你很快就能和伙伴们一起玩双人皮克球了。)”以及本文介绍匹克球这一热门运动的场地特点，重点讲解两项核心规则（双跳后可截击、失误终止回合），助力读者快速掌握双打玩法。可知，您可能在体育网站的“操作指南”板块找到这篇文章。故选C。 考点二 主旨大意题 知●识●解●构 知识点1 文章大意类 寻找主题句确定文章大意。主题句的位置一般有以下几种： (1)主题句出现在文首。文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。 (2)主题句出现在文末。文章先表述细节，之后在文末归纳概括出主题。 (3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次升华主题。 (4)主题句出现在文章的中间。文章首先提出问题，对问题进行描述，讨论之后在文章的中间部分给出主题句，而后又做进一步的解释。 【典例】（2025~2026学年徐汇区二模） A viral trend has taken over social media, with content creators sharing everyday Chinese habits as a guide to "becoming Chinese." It began in late 2025 when Chinese American creator Sherry XiiRuii posted humorous tutorials on TikTok under the hashtag #BecomingChinese. Her series of more than 20 videos averaged 1 million views each within two months, sparking imitators across platforms. Creators now extol the virtues of sipping ginger tea, trying acupuncture, and soaking feet in warm water before bed. Even celebrities like comedian Jimmy O Yang have joined in. ........... Qu Qiang, an expert at Minzu University of China, called the trend grassroots, peer-to-peer cultural exchange—distinct from past icons like pandas or kung fu. "This emerged organically overseas," he said, adding that it reflects both the enduring appeal of Chinese living wisdom and a Western search for balance amid social fatigue. 36. What is the central idea of the passage as a whole? A. A trend promoting traditional Chinese medicine as a healthcare replacement. B. A grassroots movement highlighting China's growing cultural influence. C. Government soft power initiatives driving global interest. D. Western celebrities misrepresenting Chinese culture. 答案 39. B 【39 题详解】 主旨大意题。全文围绕社交媒体上的中国文化潮流展开，分析了这一草根文化交流现象及其背后中国文化影响力提升的核心主旨。A 项 “推广中医”、C 项 “政府软实力举措”、D 项 “名人歪曲文化” 均与原文不符。故选 B。 考点解析 文章大意判断逻辑：全文围绕海外普通人自发追捧中国日常生活方式这一民间潮流展开，全程说明该潮流反映中国文化影响力上升。A 仅片面提中医；C 错，潮流是民间自发，非政府主导；D 与原文完全相反。 重点词汇释义 central idea 中心思想；grassroots adj. 草根的，民间的；cultural influence 文化影响力；misrepresent v. 歪曲；initiative n. 举措 【典例】（2025~2026学年金山区二模） We’ve all heard about techniques to get us more physically active—take the stairs, park the car a bit further from your destination, get up and march in place for a minute or two when standing or sitting at a desk. Now a study finds even simple housework may make a difference in brain health in our 70s and 80s. “Exercise is an inexpensive way to improve health. Our study shows it may have a protective effect on the brain,” says Dr. Aron S. Buchman with Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, who led the study. .......... And, while intense activity and exercise is highly beneficial, light activity can make a difference as well, says Buchman. “As long as you have some activity and you’re moving, whether you’re chopping onions or sweeping the floor,” you can reduce your risk of cognitive decline. 45. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage? A. The Cure for Alzheimer’s: A New Medical Breakthrough B. Why Housework Is Better Than Gym Exercise for Seniors C. Physical Activity: A Protective Barrier Against Brain Aging D. The Mystery of Dementia: Why Some People Are Immune 【答案】45. C 【解析】主旨大意题。全文核心是身体活动对大脑衰老的保护作用，故选 C。 原文核心：科研证实日常轻度活动（家务、散步）可保护老年人大脑，延缓认知衰退，甚至缓解阿尔茨海默病症。 判断逻辑：全文主线是各类身体活动对大脑衰老的防护作用。A 错误，运动不能治愈阿尔茨海默；B 片面，文章未比较家务和健身优劣；D 仅为局部研究疑问，不是全文主旨。 重点词汇释义 appropriate adj. 合适的；protective barrier 防护屏障；cognitive decline 认知衰退；dementia n. 痴呆；senior n. 老年人 知识点2 段落大意类 通过结构或暗示概括段落大意。 (1)根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句(2)通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。 在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。 (2)通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。 【典例】（2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） In Dutch language structure, verbs come near the end of a sentence rather than immediately after the subject like they do in English. For instance, “‘I ate a cookie with chocolate’ in Dutch would be ‘I the cookie with chocolate ate.’ You would have to wait very long for the verb to come,” Linden says. “And that’s probably unrealistically late; you’re probably much more predictive in processing” the sentence. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. To explain why Dutch brain processing relies on predictions B. To compare English and Dutch vocabulary differences C. To introduce the history of Dutch sentence structure D. To prove all languages need predictive thinking 答案：A 解析 段落主旨逻辑：本段核心：荷兰语动词后置，人们必须提前预判句子内容，解释荷兰语大脑预判式语言处理模式。B 错，段落只讲句式，不对比词汇；C 错，未提及语言历史；D 错，“all languages” 绝对化，本段只讲荷兰语。 【典例】（2025~2026学年崇明区二模） Another helpful way to turn the discomfort of failure into a source of progress is what psychologists call “action rumination.” It is task-focused and involves replaying the exact missteps that one made and how they could be corrected in the future. Scholars have shown that thinking through something you have done poorly in this intentionally corrective way can lead to learning and improvement as opposed to frustration and embarrassment. What does Paragraph 5 mainly focus on? A. A targeted reflection method to turn failure into progress B. Negative feelings caused by mistakes and failures C. Advice to avoid uncomfortable failure experiences D. The difference between frustration and embarrassment 答案：A 解析 段落主旨逻辑：整段围绕action rumination（行动复盘）展开，介绍这种聚焦任务、复盘失误的反思方法，能把失败转化为进步。B、D 只是段落次要情绪铺垫；C 与段落核心方法完全相反。 重点单词中文释义 rumination n. 复盘，反思；targeted adj. 有针对性的；misstep n. 失误；corrective adj. 修正的；frustration n. 挫败感 知识点3 标题归纳类 三大方法定标题。①正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；②反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；③研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。 【典例】（2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） My first journey to Norway began with an accident that almost killed me on the deck of a deep-sea fishing boat. One afternoon, having finished my task, I climbed the ladder to the deck. I had scarcely lifted my head when the sky disappeared. In its place came a heavy iron cage, swinging with blind force and hitting me right in the face. I remember no pain at first — only darkness. ........ I had come to Norway hoping the mountains would heal me. Instead, I learned that a single blow does not merely wound the body; it breaks open the self and sets it wandering. Yet in that wandering I found something steady. My memories, my fears, and the voices of those who had walked beside me formed a quiet fellowship. In their company, I did not find a cure, but I began, at last, to find myself. 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. A Fatal Accident B. A Memory of the Sea C. A Friend of Pure Heart D. A Journey of Self-Discovery 【答案】39. D 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Yet in that wandering I found something steady. My memories, my fears, and the voices of those who had walked beside me formed a quiet fellowship. In their company, I did not find a cure, but I began, at last, to find myself.(然而，在这段漫游的过程中，我却找到了一些不变的东西。我的记忆、我的恐惧，以及那些与我并肩同行之人的话语，共同构成了一种宁静的陪伴。在他们的陪伴下，我并未找到治愈的方法，但最终，我开始找到了自我)”结合文章讲述了作者在渔船上遭铁笼砸伤，受渔夫Arneson故事启发前往挪威。登山途中他不断反思自我，最终明白这场旅程是向内的自我探寻。可知，D选项“一段自我发现之旅”最符合文章标题。故选D。 考点解析 标题归纳逻辑：A、B、C 均只是文中单一细节（事故、大海回忆、渔夫朋友），只能概括局部；D “一场自我发现之旅” 贯穿全文：前往挪威的外在旅程，本质是内心自我探索，完整覆盖文章主线。 重点词汇释义 fatal adj. 致命的；self-discovery n. 自我探寻；journey n. 旅程；pure heart 纯粹的内心 【典例】（2025~2026学年宝山区二模） All humans are born small, weak and completely dependent on others, and it takes years for them to become self-reliant. This means that children rely on adults to provide for them and protect them, and they face great danger when adults cannot or will not do this. While governments and organizations work to secure minors, the sheer (纯粹的) number and complexity of the issues some children face require a different approach. .......... Children are sensitive to a lot of dangers, and these dangers vary a bit by location and circumstances. Thus, a many-sided approach is necessary to ensure that all children enjoy a safe, happy childhood, so they can grow into healthy adults. 46. What is the best title for the passage? A. A Tough Crisis for Children. B. A Variety of Dangers for Children. C. A Safer World for Children. D. A Dangerous World for Children. 【答案】 46. C 主旨大意题。文章主要围绕儿童面临的危险以及如何让儿童更安全展开，介绍了儿童面临的多种危险以及联合国儿童基金会、慈善机构等为保护儿童所采取的措施，目的是让儿童有一个更安全的世界。C选项“为儿童打造一个更安全的世界”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C。 考点逻辑：文章前半部分客观罗列儿童面临的各类危险只是铺垫，后半段大篇幅介绍各类机构的保护方案，作者写作意图不是单纯渲染危险，而是呼吁打造更安全的儿童生存环境。 考●向●破●译 考向 1 考查最佳标题题 该题型要求选出最适合短文的标题，设问常为 “What would be the best title for the text?”。做题时要抓取全文反复出现的主题词，通读首尾段把握文章核心，标题要简洁凝练，完整覆盖全文中心。不能只截取局部细节，避免标题范围过大或过小。正确选项要体现文章核心对象，干扰项多为某一段的细节、片面表述，或是夸大文章内容的概括。 【示例1】 Armed with his newfound insight into the birth of rocks, William walked the length and breadth of Great Britain with the intention of surveying and categorizing all the wonderfully different types of rocks that he found. It took William many years of frustration and hardship to draw a huge map of Great Britain by hand. The map, on display today at Burlington House in London, uses beautiful colors to show every layer of rock below in the most precise detail. Unique in its time, William’s map gave birth to every geological survey that we take for granted in the world today. 46. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A. How Fossil Patterns Revealed Ancient Seas B. The Man Who Uncovered the Earth’s Story C. The Encyclopedia Britannica and the Rise of Geology D. William Smith:From Miner to Master of Mapping 【答案】46. B 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Armed with his newfound insight into the birth of rocks, William walked the length and breadth of Great Britain with the intention of surveying and categorizing all the wonderfully different types of rocks that he found. It took William many years of frustration and hardship to draw a huge map of Great Britain by hand. The map, on display today at Burlington House in London, uses beautiful colors to show every layer of rock below in the most precise detail. Unique in its time, William’s map gave birth to every geological survey that we take for granted in the world today.(凭借对岩石形成的新见解，威廉走遍大不列颠，打算对他所发现的各种各样奇妙的岩石进行勘测和分类。威廉耗费多年，历经无数挫折与艰辛，亲手绘制了一幅巨大的英国地图。这幅如今陈列于伦敦伯灵顿宫的地图，用精美的色彩精确细致地展现了地下每一层岩石。威廉绘制的这幅地图在当时独一无二，催生了如今我们习以为常的每一项地质调查。)”可知，本文主要讲述了地质学的发展历程，重点介绍了威廉·史密斯（William Smith）对地质学的开创性贡献，因此本文最好的题目是B选项“The Man Who Uncovered the Earth’s Story(揭开地球故事的人)”。故选B。 【示例2】 Although Bierman’s explanation is still based on guesses and has not accepted by mainstream science, Watt does think it is worth considering. For now, believing that it’s possible to predict future with dreams remains an act of faith. Yet, it’s possible that one day we’ll wake up to a true understanding of this fascinating phenomenon. 46. Which might be the best title of the passage? A. Should Dreams Be Assessed? B. Can Dreams Predict the Future? C. How Can Physics Be Changed to Explain Dreams? D. Why Should Scientists Study Precognitive Dreams? 【答案】 46. B 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段的“Although Bierman’s explanation is still based on guesses and has not accepted by mainstream science, Watt does think it is worth considering. For now, believing that it’s possible to predict future with dreams remains an act of faith. Yet, it’s possible that one day we’ll wake up to a true understanding of this fascinating phenomenon.(虽然比尔曼的解释仍然是基于猜测，并没有被主流科学所接受， 但瓦特确实认为这是值得考虑的。现在，相信可以通过梦来预测未来仍然是一种信仰行为。然而，有可能有一天我们会对这个迷人的现象有一个真正的理解)”可知，文章探讨了先知性梦是否能够预测未来的可能性，以及相关的科学和心理学观点。文章提到了一些专家的看法，包括法国教授Christopher French、爱丁堡大学的Caroline Watt教授以及物理学家和心理学家Dick Bierman的理论。这些观点涉及到先知性梦的可能解释和相关的挑战，以及对科学理论的影响，因此B项“Can Dreams Predict the Future?(梦能预测未来吗？)”是最佳标题。故选B。 考向 2 考查全文主旨大意题 该题型考查整篇文章的中心思想，常见设问 “What is the main idea of the passage?”。解题优先查找首尾段主题句，若无明显主题句，则整合每段段落大意，提炼共同核心。议论文抓中心论点，说明文抓说明对象，记叙文抓事件背后的道理感悟。答案是对全文的高度概括，并非个别事例、数据等细节；干扰项常以偏概全，只反映某一段内容，不能统领全篇。 【示例1】 More troubling is the disrespectful attitude towards complex art that surfaces in Lewis’s writing. Her rude view on Joyce’s literature (“what-if novels, but harder to read”), her dislike for pioneering films, and her confession of finding the Beatles music “boring” imply that her problem with “genius” might partly be a personal hate for difficult art and its creators. Worse still, these dislikes go without strong proof. Her unjust claim that Picasso is admired because of his imperfection, not despite them, reads more like an angry opinion than reasoned argument. While some online fans might admire some superstars uncritically, true faith in innate genius has been weaker since the 1960s. Lewis jumps on a train that is already slowing. 46. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Society’s admiration for geniuses is dangerous. B. Lewis criticism of “the genius myth” is unconvincing. C. The public should hold a critical view on geniuses. D. Specific works instead of people should be admired. 【答案】46. B 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Worse still, these dislikes go without strong proof. Her unjust claim that Picasso is admired because of his imperfection, not despite them, reads more like an angry opinion than reasoned argument.(更糟糕的是，这些不满并没有充分的证据支持。她那种毫无根据地声称毕加索之所以受到喜爱是因为他的不完美之处，而非尽管有这些不完美之处才受到喜爱的观点，更像是愤怒的言论而非理性的论证)”以及文章先引出 Lewis《天才神话》的核心观点（批判“天才”标签、否定对天才个体的崇拜），再从观点主观性（将自身看法强加于人）、术语无创新性（包装旧观点）、文风生硬（刻意说服读者）、批判无依据（对艺术和天才的评价缺乏论证）、批判对象过时（所批判的观念已无强影响力）等多维度，论证其观点缺乏说 【示例2】 Over the past few years, areas in East Asia, North America and northern Europe have been colder than normal during some periods of winter. This has left many debating whether Earth is experiencing global warming or not, but scientists have shown that Earth’s warming trends are responsible. ............ Although heat and cold are considered opposites, in the case of climate, the former can cause the latter. 46. What is the main focus of the passage? A. The Relationship between Warming Earth and Colder Winters B. The Strange Phenomenon of Warming Earth with Colder Winters C. The Temperature Differences between the Arctic and Mid-latitude Areas D. The Potential Reasons for Earth Becoming Warmer and Warmer 【答案】 46. B 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Over the past few years, areas in East Asia, North America and northern Europe have been colder than normal during some periods of winter. This has left many debating whether Earth is experiencing global warming or not, but scientists have shown that Earth’s warming trends are responsible.(在过去几年里，东亚、北美洲和北欧的一些地区在冬季的某些时段气温比往年要低。这使得许多人争论地球是否正在经历全球变暖，但科学家们已经表明，地球的变暖趋势才是原因所在)”可知，文章主要说明了全球变暖致使北极海冰消融、极涡变形，进而影响极地急流，引发北半球部分地区冬季异常寒冷，揭示了气候变暖与局部寒冬的关联。由此可知，这篇文章的主要关注点是地球变得越来越热的潜在原因。故选B。 考向 3 考查段落大意题 该题型针对某一个段落设问，询问某段主要讲什么。需要锁定指定段落，优先看段首、段尾，转折词 but、however 之后往往是段落中心。如果没有显性主题句，就剔除举例、解释等次要信息，归纳本段所有细节共同服务的观点。正确选项一般是段落主题句的同义改写，切忌把段落内某个例子当成段落主旨，注意不要混淆段落局部信息和整段核心。 【示例1】 Unemployment is a significant problem in many developing countries. Without steady work, individuals struggle to rise out of poverty, and the community as a whole also misses out. Many unemployed people could have done much good through their labour if they had been given the opportunity to contribute. Worse, without opportunities for proper employment, young people sometimes turn to crime and violence in order to provide for themselves. Thus, giving people opportunities to work is essential for the community’s well-being. 43. What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A. The role of the government in creating job opportunities. B. The importance of education for reducing unemployment rates. C. The necessity of providing work opportunities to prevent crime. D. The consequences of unemployment on individuals and communities. 【答案】43. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在许多发展中国家，失业是一个严重的问题，并通过卢旺达的一个创业案例说明支持年轻人创业是帮助减少失业、解决社区问题的有效途径。 【43题详解】 主旨大意题 。根据文章第一段“Unemployment is a significant problem in many developing countries. Without steady work, individuals struggle to rise out of poverty, and the community as a whole also misses out.(失业是许多发展中国家的一个重要问题。没有稳定的工作，个人难以摆脱贫困，整个社区也无法受益)”和“Worse, without opportunities for proper employment, young people sometimes turn to crime and violence in order to provide for themselves.(更糟糕的是，没有适当就业的机会，年轻人有时会为了养活自己而诉诸犯罪和暴力。)”可知，本段主要讨论失业对个人和社区的影响。故选D。 【示例2】 In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. 65. Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________. A. the collection of data B. the testing of the algorithm C. the identification of the TRAPs D. the cooperation of two research teams 【答案】65. B 主旨大意题。根据第五段“In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. (ETH团队与麻省理工学院的一个团队合作，在美国东北海岸玛莎葡萄园附近的两个独立海洋实验中测试了他们新的基于TRAP的搜索算法。该团队利用海岸警卫队可用的相同实时数据，成功地实时识别了该地区的TRAP。他们发现，扔到水中的浮标和人体模型确实很快沿着这些新出现的曲线聚集起来。Haller说：“在这个项目中测试的几种竞争方法中，这是唯一一种始终找到正确位置的算法。”)”可知，这一段主要介绍这项算法的测试。故选B。 考向 4 考查写作目的题 该题型考查作者写这篇文章的意图，典型设问 “What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?”。需要立足于全文主旨，结合文体判断意图：说明文多为介绍、解释某事物；议论文重在说服、论证某个观点；记叙文多为分享经历、传递感悟；广告类文本目的多为告知信息。不能依据个别句子主观揣测，要区分文章内容和写作目的，选项要匹配作者整体的表达倾向。 【示例1】 Clearly, everyone — whether he/she is a British citizen or a foreigner investor — who wants to start a business in London must detect first the most profitable areas. And the four most appealing ones are listed below. 14．This article is intended for ______. A．British citizens who want to buy luxury goods B．visitors looking for recreational activities in Britain C．investors interested in starting a business in London D．foreigners participating in commercial activities in London 【答案】14．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了伦敦四个最适合投资者投资的地方。 14．推理判断题。根据第三自然段“Clearly, everyone — whether he/she is a British citizen or a foreigner investor — who wants to start a business in London must detect first the most profitable areas. And the four most appealing ones are listed below. (显然，每个想在伦敦创业的人，无论是英国公民还是外国投资者，都必须首先发现最有利可图的领域。下面列出了四个最吸引人的)”可推知，本文是的受众群体是有兴趣在伦敦创业的投资者。故选C。 【示例2】 What is AI’s Role in the Park Hill Classroom? AI’s purpose in our learning is to enhance, not replace, the effort put into your teaching and learning. Its use is intended to facilitate, not to complete tasks on your behalf. AI will offer tailored support to meet diverse learning needs, by breaking down complex concepts or summarizing information, thereby enriching the educational experience. 40. What’s the text mainly intended to do? A. Prepare schools for effective AI integration. B. Promote the responsible use of AI in education C. Support teaching management through AI tools. D. Ensure data privacy and safe, with AI tools. 【答案】40. B 推理判断题。根据第二段“AI’s purpose in our learning is to enhance, not replace, the effort put into your teaching and learning. Its use is intended to facilitate, not to complete tasks on your behalf. AI will offer tailored support to meet diverse learning needs, by breaking down complex concepts or summarizing information, thereby enriching the educational experience.(人工智能在我们的学习过程中的作用是增强而非取代您在教学与学习中所付出的努力。其应用旨在辅助而非替您完成任务。人工智能将根据不同的学习需求提供个性化的支持，通过分解复杂概念或总结信息等方式，从而丰富学习体验)”结合本文介绍生成式AI的定义与课堂辅助作用，强调数据隐私安全，明确学生使用AI的规则及合理、不当用法，倡导教育场景中负责任地使用AI。可知，文章的主要目的是指导教育场景下负责任地使用AI。故选B。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 高考真题 Passage1 【来源】2023 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） In the vast, untouched expanse of wilderness, Isla and her faithful golden retriever(猎犬), Finn danced in a harmony of souls. Together, they weaved through myriad terrains, from shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets to rugged mountain paths that touched the heavens. Their bond was not of mere circumstance, but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet away from the urban noise, while every rustle and murmur of the wild ignited Finn's spirit. As dawn's first light kissed the earth, Isla deliberately packed away memories of the nigh while Finn, with eager anticipation, wagged ( 摇摆)his tail, eager for the day's melodies. Their journey was not charted by maps or compasses, but by the gentle touches of their hearts, caressed by nature's ideal breezes. One dusky evening, painted with deep red colors and ethereal purples, an unexpected storm took them off guard, Raindrops, heavy with sorrow, transformed familiar trails into flowing streams, in a desperate bid for refuge, Isla was trapped by the fierce embrace of the currents. It twas Finn's instinctive courage that shone brightly in that moment of despair, as he moved forward suddenly, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip, drawing her back to safety's shore. Nestled in u rocky embrace, they clung to each other against the storm's fury. Isla whispered tales of bygone days and distant horizons into Finn's eager cars, In return , he moved slowly and complained weakly, weaving tales without words, sharing a symphony of silent stories. When the storm's rage decreased, the world they knew was covered in unfamiliarity. Trails they once danced upon had vanished, and landmarks whispered in unfamiliar tongues. For the first time, Isla felt the weight of disorientation. But Finn, with unwavering confidence, stepped forward, trusting his instincts to unveil the path ahead. As days melted into weeks, just when hope seemed a distant star, the embrace of a hidden village hugged them gently, Interested by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them ,their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend. But the wild's temptation could not be ignored. Restored, the two partners ventured once more into the embrace of nature, carrying with them the blessings and hopes of newfound friends. Through the rich and colorful picture of their adventures, it became evident that their true strength was not in conquering the elements but in the unyielding bond they shared. The wild was but a stage for their eternal ballet of friendship and perseverance. 56. What connected Isla to Finn? A. The untouched expanse of wilderness. B. Shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets. C.Circumstance and shared dreams. D. The urban noise. 57. What drove Isla into despair? A. A dusk of crimson and purple. B. A sudden storm. C. The familiar trails. D. A rocky embrace. 58. What were the villagers interested in? A. Finn's confidence and intuition. B. Isla's respect for nature. C. Isla and Finn's exciting journey D. The wild's temptation. 59. What can we learn from the passage? A. Isla and Finn made their journeys based on a map or a compass. B. Finn failed to pull Isla back to the safety of shore. C, The villagers wove Isla and Finn's journey into local legend. D. Isla and Finn's real strength lied in conquering harsh environments. 【答案】56-59 CBCC 【导读】这篇文章描述了女孩Isla和她的金毛猎犬Finn在荒野中的冒险故事。他们的强大纽带不仅仅是命运的巧合，更是梦想的共享。在一场突如其来的暴风雨中，Finn展现了无畏的勇气，拯救了Isla。他们共同面对了困境，展现出了深厚的友谊和坚韧的品质。在冒险中，他们发现真正的力量不在于征服自然，而在于彼此之间坚不可摧的纽带。 56.C【解析】根据文章第一段倒数第二句Their bond was not of mere c mere circumstance, but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet away from the urban noise, while every rustle and murmur of the wild ignited Finn's spirit..可知，Isis和Finn之间的联系不仅仅是环境，而是共同的梦想。A项（未触及的原野）、B项(回荡着古老秘密的阴影森林)、D项(城市的嘈杂声)都说法错误。C项（环境和共同的梦想)正确，故选C。 57.B【解析】根据文章第三段的内容可知，一场突如其来的暴风雨使他们猝不及防。雨点把熟悉的小路变成了奔流的小溪。在绝望地寻求庇护时，Isla被激流的猛烈拥抱所困。在那绝望的时刻，Finn猛扑过去，紧紧抓住她的背包，把她拉回了安全的海岸。这说明是暴风雨让Isla 陷入了绝望。A 项(深红色和紫色的黄昏)、C项(熟悉的小径)、D项(岩石般的拥抱)都说法错误。B项(突然的暴风雨)正确，故选B。 58.C 【 解折】文章第六段 Intrigued by their odyssey, villagers welcomed them, their journey becoming woven into the tapestry of local lore,中的odyssey表示“漫长而刺激的历程”，由此可知村民们对Isla 和 Finn 的这些旅程感兴趣。A 项(Finn 的自信和直觉)、B项(Isla 对自然的崇敬)、D项(野性的吸引)都错误。 C项(Isla 和Finn 激动人心的旅程)正确，故选C。 59.C【解析】根据文章第二段第二句 Their journey was not charted by maps or compasses, but by the gentle touches of their hearts, caressed by nature's ideal breezes,可知，他们的旅程不是由地图或指南针绘制的，而是由他们内心的温柔触动的。A项(Isla和Finn 根据地图或指南针来旅行)错误;根据第三段最后一句It was Finn's instinctive courage that shone brightly in that moment of despair, as he lunged, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip, drawing her back to safety's shore.可知，在那绝望的时刻,Finn 本能的勇气闪耀着光芒，他猛扑过去，紧紧抓住Isla 的背包，把她拉回了安全的海岸。B项(Finn没能把Isla拉回安全的海岸)错误;根据第六段第二句 Interest by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them, their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend.可知村民们对他们的旅程感兴趣，对他们表示欢迎，他们的旅程被编织进了当地传说的画面中。C项(村民们把Isla 和Finn 的旅程编织进了当地的传说)正确;根据最后一段的Through the tapestry of their adventures,it became evident that their true strength was not in conquering the elements but in the unyielding bond they shared.可知，很明显，他们真正的力量不在于征服恶劣的环境，而在于他们共同拥有的不屈的纽带。D项(Isla和Finn 真正的实力在于征服恶劣的环境)错误。故选C。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市2025-2026学年高三上学期12月春考适应性调研卷英语试题 Peverel Smith, a legendary artist, was seen walking on a Manhattan sidewalk wearing jeans, high-tops, a blazer, and a wool cap. She was there to meet me at a gallery owned by her friends. We entered the quiet space, where a large horse statue was the only thing visible through the glass. Smith, who will turn 79 in December, was preparing for a busy fall. She was releasing her memoir (回忆录) , Bread of Angels, and going on an international tour to celebrate her famous album Horses. Smith’s career spans over 60 years, including poetry, music, photography, and more. One of her famous lyrics from Horses says, “People say, “Beware,” but I don’t care.” She has always questioned authority, starting from her childhood. In her memoir, she recalls a question she asked during school about what will happen to art. Her father loved art. Smith was sent to orphanage (孤儿院) after her parents’ death but was disappointed when she learned there was no place for art. She then dedicated herself to art. Smith’s early life was difficult. She grew up in a poor family, moving often and being sick a lot. Despite this, she loved storytelling and reading. She dreamed of writing the longest book in the world. She also wanted to be a musician, even though she said she didn’t know how to play guitar properly. Her rebellious spirit made her stand out in the male-dominated music scene. She married Fredrick Smith in Detroit and had two children. After Fred’s death in 1994, she returned to New York with her kids and continued her creative work. Smith’s life shows her ability to reinvent herself. She believes that everyone should find a piece of themselves in her stories. Smith plans to focus more on writing and less on memoirs. When asked how she feels, she said she feels like she is “ten and 100.” 11．What can we learn about Horses? A．Smith will go on a celebration tour for Horses this December. B．Horses holds lots of precious memories of Smith in her youth. C．Horses represents Smith’s resistance nature as her early album. D．Lyrics of Horses reflected nature of Smith since her childhood. 12．What is the main purpose of the 3rd paragraph? A．To introduce the life story of Peverel Smith. B．To convey Smith’s resilience under hardship. C．To explain origins of Smith’s literature talent. D．To present sympathy on Smith’s experiences. 13．The underlined part “ten and 100” in the last paragraph means ________. A．Smith is excellent in health though advanced in years B．Smith is passionate but sometimes feels overwhelmed C．Smith is now well-travelled and ready to author more D．Smith is sensible about age when recalling her youth 14．What is the best title of this passage? A．Peverel Smith — My Ageless Friend B．Peverel Smith and Her Horses C．Poetic Singer — Peverel Smith D．Lifetime Reinvention of Peverel Smith 【答案】11．D 12．B 13．C 14．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传奇艺术家佩弗利尔·史密斯的生平经历，包括其职业生涯、早年困境、叛逆精神及不断自我重塑的人生态度。 11．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One of her famous lyrics from Horses says, “People say, “Beware,” but I don’t care.” She has always questioned authority, starting from her childhood.（她在《Horses》中的一句著名歌词写道：“人们说，“小心点，”但我不在乎。”从童年开始，她就一直质疑权威)”可知，《Horses》的歌词体现了史密斯从小就有的叛逆反抗本性。故选D项。 12．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Despite this, she loved storytelling and reading. She dreamed of writing the longest book in the world. She also wanted to be a musician, even though she said she didn’t know how to play guitar properly. Her rebellious spirit made her stand out in the male-dominated music scene. She married Fredrick Smith in Detroit and had two children. After Fred’s death in 1994, she returned to New York with her kids and continued her creative work.(尽管如此，她依旧热爱讲故事与阅读。她曾梦想写出世界上最长的书。她也想成为一名音乐家，尽管她坦言自己并不太会正确地弹奏吉他。她身上的叛逆精神，让她在男性主导的音乐界中脱颖而出。她在底特律与弗雷德里克・史密斯成婚，育有两个孩子。1994 年弗雷德去世后，她带着孩子们回到纽约，继续自己的创作事业)”可知，尽管历经诸多困境，她仍坚持追求艺术。因此本段的目的是，体现她在艰难困苦中的韧性。故选B项。 13．词句猜测题。根据前文“Smith’s life shows her ability to reinvent herself. She believes that everyone should find a piece of themselves in her stories. Smith plans to focus more on writing and less on memoirs.(史密斯的一生展现了她自我重塑的能力。她相信每个人都能在她的故事中找到自己的影子。史密斯计划将更多精力放在写作上，减少回忆录的创作)”可知，史密斯虽年事已高，但始终保持创作活力，且有新的创作规划。C选项“Smith is now well-travelled and ready to author more”中，ready to author more与她“将更多精力放在写作上”的创作计划相呼应，契合“ten and 100”所传递的“既有丰富人生阅历，又有旺盛创作热情”的内涵。故选C项。 14．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段“Smith’s life shows her ability to reinvent herself. (史密斯的一生展现了她自我重塑的能力)”可知，文章围绕佩弗利尔·史密斯展开，讲述了她早年困境、职业生涯中的叛逆精神，以及历经人生变故后仍坚持创作、不断自我重塑的人生历程，核心凸显其“终身自我重塑”的特点。D项“佩弗利尔・史密斯的终身自我重塑”能够概括文章主旨，适合作本文标题。故选D项。 题组二 最新名校模拟试题 Passage1 【来源】上海市七宝中学2025-2026学年高三下学期5月练习英语试题 Often when we’re confronted with situations of feeling out of place or unqualified, we try to “fake it till we make it.” It doesn’t work — and trust me, I’ve tried. Years ago, when I was in college, I had an enduring feeling of uncertainty and self-doubt. As one of four females majoring in electrical engineering, I had a fear of being stereotyped so I tried to act the part of the masculine persona typical of engineering majors. I postured and pretended, but no matter what amount of “faking it” I put out, I found myself with more self-doubt than when I started. Even after college, in a new role at a company, I discovered that my go-to solution to the problems involved in constantly being on the outside of the “elite” in-circle was to, as a friend put it, act with the confidence of a “plain white male.” I am hardly the only person who has tried this approach to no avail. In one paper on authenticity, my colleagues and I have noted that being inauthentic has negative effects on perceptions of performance in the long term. This negative side certainly held true for me. Overwhelmingly, when I acted like a man — or how I thought a man would act — I got pushback. People saw me as aggressive. I felt superficial, came across as inauthentic and wasn’t getting the sort of support or social acceptance that my “elite” male peers were. But before long, I discovered that I too had the ability to make honest and authentic connections with senior leaders in my organization. Once I accidentally shared a ride with the senior VP of my division. Over the course of the drive, we had a natural conversation where I felt confident and comfortable. I asked him for advice on things that came up organically. And he saw that I was a smart, insightful person. He even invited me to give a presentation to his internal team. To this day, he remains one of my most trusted mentors. It’s important to remember that we all have something that others are judging us on. In the long term, on a macro level, posturing and faking it provides only temporary value. What ends up being more long-standing is a belief that inevitably holds people back — a feeling of uncertainty and self-doubt. We can’t try to cater to what we think others want, because we have no idea how to do that or exactly what they want. Instead, we have to be smart enough to seize chances to demonstrate who we really are, being unapologetic and confident. 1．The root cause of the author’s “faking it” is probably ________. A．her gender and major B．her self-doubt and fear C．her desire to be typical D．her confidence in males 2．What may be the negative effect of being inauthentic on a person who “fakes it”? A．Trying the approach of “fakes it” to no avail. B．Overwhelming perceptions of performance. C．Meeting resistance to the supposed aggression. D．Being regarded as unsupportive and unaccepted. 3．The author suggests that we should _________. A．remember to ask others to judge us on something B．eliminate the temporary value “fakes it” provides C．hold back the feeling of uncertainty and self-doubt D．display our true selves confidently at the right time 4．Which is the best title for this passage? A．Why “Fake It Till You Make It” Is Terrible Advice. B．Make It Rather Than Fake It Or Doubt Yourself. C．Stop Faking the Fake, Start Trusting the Trusted. D．Don’t Let the Chances Slip Through Your Fingers. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了作者结合自身经历指出，遇事刻意伪装自己并无用处，还会招致抵触、加深自我怀疑。唯有真诚待人、把握机会自信展现真实自我，才能收获认可与成长。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Years ago, when I was in college, I had an enduring feeling of uncertainty and self-doubt. As one of four females majoring in electrical engineering, I had a fear of being stereotyped so I tried to act the part of the masculine persona typical of engineering majors. I postured and pretended, but no matter what amount of “faking it” I put out, I found myself with more self-doubt than when I started.( 多年前，当我还在上大学时，我一直有一种不确定和自我怀疑的感觉。作为电气工程专业中唯一的四位女生之一，我害怕被贴上刻板印象的标签，所以我就努力模仿工程专业学生通常所具有的男性形象。我摆姿势、假装自己，但无论我如何“假装”，我发现自己反而比刚开始时更加缺乏自信。)”可知，自我怀疑和对被刻板印象评判的恐惧，是作者试图伪装自己的核心驱动力。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“This negative side certainly held true for me. Overwhelmingly, when I acted like a man — or how I thought a man would act — I got pushback. People saw me as aggressive. I felt superficial, came across as inauthentic and wasn’t getting the sort of support or social acceptance that my “elite” male peers were.( 这种消极的一面对我来说当然是正确的。绝大多数情况下，当我表现得像个男人——或者我认为男人会有的样子——我都会遭到反对。人们会认为我咄咄逼人。我感觉自己肤浅，显得不真实，而且没有得到那些“精英”男性同龄人所拥有的那种支持或社会认可。)”可推知，不真实的伪装会让他人产生误解，将正常的表现误判为攻击性，进而引发抵触，这是直接的负面影响。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“We can’t try to cater to what we think others want, because we have no idea how to do that or exactly what they want. Instead, we have to be smart enough to seize chances to demonstrate who we really are, being unapologetic and confident.( 我们不能试图迎合我们认为别人想要的东西，因为我们不知道如何去做到这一点，也不知道他们到底想要什么。相反，我们必须足够聪明，抓住机会来展现真实的自我，要毫不退缩、充满自信地去做到这一点。)”可知，作者建议我们在恰当的时候自信地展现真实的自我。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Often when we’re confronted with situations of feeling out of place or unqualified, we try to “fake it till we make it.”(通常，当我们遭遇感到格格不入或能力不足的情况时，我们往往会试图“先假装一切正常，直到真正做好为止”。)”和第二段“It doesn’t work—and trust me, I’ve tried.( 但这根本不起作用——相信我，我试过这种方法。)”可知，文章以“‘假装成功直到真的成功’行不通”开篇，通过作者的亲身经历和研究结果，详细论证了这种做法的长期危害，最后提出“做真实的自己”的正确观点。由此可知，这篇文章的最佳标题是A项“为何‘假装成功直到真的成功’这一建议实则糟糕”。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市上复旦大学附属中学2026届高三下五月第二次阶段检测英语试题 Sending Mail Abroad What are you sending? Letters and postcards Letters and postcards to Europe can only be sent by Airmail — up to a maximum weight of 2kg. Airmail Our standard Airmail service for sending international mail to anywhere in the world quickly and cost effectively. How to use Stick our branded Airmail sticker — available free from Post Office branches — on your item of mail and post it in any post box or Post Office branch. Alternatively, you can simply write ‘BY AIRMAIL — PAR AVION’ in the front top left corner. Our Airmail delivery aims are:     Western Europe: 3 days following day of posting     Eastern Europe: 4 days following day of posting     Outside Europe: 5 days following day of postingAirmail prices Weight up to Europe World Zone 1 World Zone 2 Postcards £0.44 £0.50 £0.50 10g £0.44 £0.50 £0.50 20g £0.44 £0.72 £0.72 40g £0.64 £1.12 £1.19 60g £0.83 £1.51 £1.66 80g £1.02 £1.91 £2.14 100g £1.21 £2.31 £2.61 120g £1.41 £2.70 £3.08 140g £1.60 £3.10 £3.55 160g £1.79 £3.49 £4.02 Surface mail Our economical service for sending non-urgent international mail. How to use Surface items should be addressed as normal.     The name of the country in CAPITALS must come last. Our Surface mail delivery aims are:     Western Europe: 2 weeks following day of posting     Eastern Europe: 4 weeks following day of posting     Outside Europe: 8-12 weeks following day of postingSurface mail prices Weight up to Postcards Letters only to outside Europe 20g £0.42 £0.42 60g £0.72 £0.72 100g £1.02 £1.02 150g £1.43 £1.43 Where is it going? World Zone 1 World Zone 1 covers all countries not in either Europe or World Zone 2. World Zone 2 Australia Korea Philippines China New Zealand Japan 5．If you post a letter to France, which is located in Western Europe, on November 1st, it will arrive there ________. A．on November 4th B．on November 5th C．on November 15th D．on November 29th 6．If you post a letter, weighing 110g, to the United States by airmail, you need to pay ________. A．£2.31 B．£2.61 C．£2.70 D．£3.08 7．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．The cost of sending a postcard to Japan by airmail is £0.42. B．You can choose to send a letter to Germany by surface mail. C．You must use the branded Airmail sticker to send a letter by airmail. D．A postcard sent to Egypt by surface mail may take 9 weeks to arrive. 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．D 【导语】本文主要介绍的是往国外寄信或明信片的相关方法。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据What are you sending?部分“Letters and postcards to Europe can only be sent by Airmail — up to a maximum weight of 2kg. (寄往欧洲的信件和明信片只能空邮，最大重量不超过2公斤。)”和“Western Europe: 3 days following day of posting (西欧：投寄翌日起计3天)”可知，如果你于11月1日向位于西欧的法国寄出一封信，它将在11月4日到达那里。 6． 细节理解题。根据文中Where is it going?表格“World Zone 1 covers all countries not in either Europe or World Zone 2. (世界1区涵盖了欧洲和世界2区以外的所有国家。)”和“World Zone 2: Australia, Korea, Philippines, China, New Zealand, Japan (世界2区：澳大利亚， 韩国， 菲律宾， 中国 ，新西兰， 日本)”可知，美国是属于世界1区，再根据Airmail prices表格World Zone 1和120g对应的信息£2.70可知，如果你通过航空邮件向美国寄出一封重110克的信，你需要支付2.70英镑。 7．细节理解题。根据Surface mail部分“Outside Europe: 8-12 weeks following day of posting (欧洲以外地区：邮寄后8-12周)”可知，通过平邮寄往埃及的邮件可能需要9周才能到达。 Passage 3 【来源】上海市行知中学2025-2026学年高三第二学期5月英语月考试卷 Facial Recall Large gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue — but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution. The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially eliminating the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we all have in terms of initiating the protocol (礼仪) to meet somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, whose start-up, also called SocialRecall, created the app and tested it at an event attended by about 1,000 people. After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, a prospective user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the app’s creators say it automatically wipes users’ data after an event. Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence at Ryerson University in Toronto, praises the app’s creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.” The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness,” a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. (Sandrew, who has prosopagnosia himself, notes that the app has not yet been tested on others with the condition.) To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app. Jason Schultz, a professor of clinical law at New York University, who was not involved with the app’s creation, remains wary: “The cost to everyone whom you are surveilling (监视) with this app is very, very high, and I don’t think it respects the consent (认同) politics involved with capturing people’s images.” 8．The app, SocialRecall, is not targeted at those ________. A．who are afraid of social gatherings B．who are suffering from face blindness C．who want to enlarge their social circles D．who have difficulty in socializing with others 9．Why do lots of privacy experts not advocate the facial-recognition app? A．Because it is only active within a defined area. B．Because the technology behind is still not mature. C．Because the app has not been tested on a large scale. D．Because users’ personal information might be misused. 10．The word “wary” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A．Confident B．cautious C．optimistic D．jealous 11．Where does this passage most probably appear? A．A science journal. B．A travel brochure. C．An advertisement column. D．An entertainment magazine. 【答案】8．C 9．D 10．B 11．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了一款人脸识别社交应用SocialRecall的功能、隐私保护措施及专家对其潜在风险的看法。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Large gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue — but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution.(婚礼和会议等大型聚会可能会让人不知所措。学习别人名字的压力只会增加压力。一款新的面部识别应用程序可能会起到救援作用，但隐私专家建议谨慎行事)”以及第四段“The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness,” a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met.(这家初创公司还为患有面容失认症或“脸盲”的人开发了一个版本的应用程序，这种疾病会阻止人们认出他们遇到的人)”可知，该APP帮助社交畏难人群和脸盲人群，并未针对想扩大社交圈的人群。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”(然而，她警告说，当人们选择与应用程序共享个人信息时，他们应该知道“这些信息在另一个环境中使用可能会产生意想不到的后果，这些后果可能会反过来伤害你。”)”可知，专家们担心用户的个人信息可能在未来被用在其他情境中，造成不良后果。 10．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中Jason Schultz的评价“The cost to everyone whom you are surveilling (监视) with this app is very, very high, and I don’t think it respects the consent (认同) politics involved with capturing people’s images.(使用此应用程序监视的每个人的成本都非常非常高，我认为它不尊重捕捉人们图像所涉及的同意政治)”可知，他对该应用持保留态度，认为其监视成本很高且不尊重他人的同意权。因此，wary意为“谨慎的、警惕的”。 11．推理判断题。文章介绍了SocialRecall这款应用的技术功能、隐私保护措施及相关专家观点，内容涉及科技与社会议题，具有科学报道性质，最可能出现在科学期刊中。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 阅读理解推理判断题、主旨大意题 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 推理判断题 知识解构 知识点1 推断隐含意义 知识点2 推断写作意图 知识点3推断观点态度 知识点4推断文章出处或读者对象 考向破译 考向 01 考查逻辑分析推断隐含意义 考向02 考查文体特点推断写作意图 考向 03 考查忠于措辞推断观点态度 考向04 考查语言特色推断文章出处和目标读者 考点二 主旨大意题 知识解构 知识点1 文章大意类 知识点2 段落大意类 知识点3最佳标题类 知识点4写作目的类 考向破译 考向 01 考查文章大意题 考向02 考查段落大意题 考向 03 考查标题归纳题 考向04 考查写作目的题 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 近年上海高考阅读理解题细目表 高考年份 判断推理题题号/数量 主旨大意题题号/数量 2023上海春考 56、61、63、65 (4) 59、62、66、（3） 2022上海春考 58、60、65 (3) 59、62、66、(3) 2021上海春考 56、61、63、65 (4) 66、(1) 2020上海春考 57、59、64、65(4) 66、(1) 2023上海秋考 58、59、61、62 (4) 63 (1) 2022上海秋考 58、62、64 (3) 59、63、66、(3) 2021上海秋考 56、57、59、61、62、64、(6) 65、66、(2) 2020上海秋考 58、59、61、62 (4) 60、63、66、(3) 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 推理判断题 知●识●解●构 知识点 1 推断隐含意义 推断隐含意义是高考阅读高频考点，考查学生读懂文字表层信息，挖掘文本背后未直接表述内容的能力。该题型题干常含 infer、imply、suggest 等标志性词汇，答案不能是原文直接摘抄的句子，必须依托原文细节进行合理推导。命题常设置曲解原文、过度推断、主观臆断等干扰项。解题时要定位原文对应段落，立足上下文逻辑，忠于文本内容，摒弃个人固有认知。既不能照搬原文显性语句，也不能脱离文本随意猜想，需结合句间逻辑、例证、转折等线索，由已知信息推出言外之意，区分事实陈述与隐含推断，避开 “原文原句即为答案” 的易错陷阱。 【典例】（2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） The following day I climbed Aksla. The path was steep, and the pain in my legs was sharp but honest. Each step seemed like a question: who are you now? At the top, sitting among stones and thin grass, I looked at the silent peaks and understood that the sea had not sent me here by chance. I had crossed water and land only to discover that the journey was inward. 38. What can we infer about the author from Paragraph 4? A. He was weaker than before. B. He reflected on his true self. C. He regretted going to Norway. D. He lost his way on the mountain. 考点逻辑：题干infer为推断隐含意义标志；原文没有直接写 “反思自我”，通过关键句the journey was inward（这场旅程是向内探寻）推导深层含义。登山每一步都在追问 “我是谁”，登顶后意识到此行目的是向内审视自我，隐含他在反思真实的自己。 【典例】（2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） The findings support the need for scientists to incorporate more diversity when crafting linguistic models, says Zining Qiu, a linguist who was not involved in the new study. Her own work has illustrated how different brain regions activate when processing English or Chinese sentences because of their differing linguistic properties. If these studies are done only in English-speaking adults, she says, crucial differences in processing will be missed. Qiu maintains that this limitation defeats the purpose of the models, which are meant to provide a realistic picture of human language-based thinking. 45. Zining Qiu would most likely agree that _______. A. English-based studies have huge scientific value B. existing linguistic models may not apply universally C. only non-English languages deserve further investigation D. findings from Dutch speakers contradict previous research 考点逻辑：原文直白说仅研究英语会忽略语言处理差异，语言模型本应还原人类语言思维；隐含推导：现有基于英语的模型无法适用于所有语言（不具备通用性），属于文本未直接陈述的深层结论。 知识点 2 推断写作意图 推断写作意图侧重考查考生把握作者行文目的的能力，即判断作者写某段或整篇文章想要达成的效果，常见目的有介绍说明、说服劝说、批评反思、科普普及、讲述故事等。题目常针对全文或者指定段落设问，需要跳出细节，站在宏观视角分析。解题要关注文章体裁、开篇结尾、情感倾向，区分 “文章内容” 和 “写作目的”。干扰项多为局部细节概括，并非写作想要达成的目标。做题时要分清：记叙文侧重情感与感悟，说明文重在科普介绍，议论文重在传递观点，广告类重在宣传推广，综合文本信息锁定作者真正想要传递的核心诉求。 【典例】（2025~2026学年崇明区二模） Some might suggest that a book about “the influence of the horse on human history” couldn’t possibly be interesting. But in fact, Timothy C. Winegard’s The Horse is fascinating, offering a fresh perspective on how crucial horses were in human development. And it almost didn’t happen. 39. Why did the author write this passage? A. To introduce and recommend the book The Horse. B. To analyze important historical events related to horses. C. To explain the reasons why horses were important in wars. D. To describe how horse domestication influenced human history. 考点逻辑：原文全篇书评，开篇介绍《The Horse》一书，结尾评价书籍内容详实有趣。 全文结构：引出书籍→书中马驯化 / 农耕 / 战争内容→夸赞书籍；作者并非单纯讲历史，核心写作目的是介绍并推荐这本著作，属于推断全文写作意图。 【典例】（2025~2026学年虹口区二模） Because George doesn’t understand things at an adult level, it’s impossible for him to truly comprehend whether I’m having a good or bad day. Instead, he’s able to bring me the same energy, the same love and acceptance, no matter what. It’s an incredible gift. Because I know that even at my worst, when I feel like I’m drowning, I can count on Uncle George, up there in Tower 1, to call down and tell me I’m the best guy he knows. It’s an act of love that saves me, just a little bit, every single day. 39. What message does the author want to convey through the passage? A. People with disabilities can understand others better than most adults do. B. Frequent phone calls are the best way to keep relationships strong. C. Role-play helps strengthen family bonds across generations. D. A simple act of love can provide steady comfort in life. 考点逻辑：智力障碍叔叔每天角色扮演打电话，低谷时治愈作者。结尾：It’s an act of love that saves me, just a little bit, every single day.全文记叙通话故事是载体，作者最终想传递、表达的核心观点就是写作意图：微小的爱意举动，能持续给予人生慰藉。 知识点 3 推断观点态度 推断观点态度该考点要求考生识别作者或者文中人物对人、事、物的情感评价，分为褒义、贬义、客观中立三大态度。答案不会直接直白给出，大多藏在形容词、副词、转折词、举例、语气词中。高考常设置中性客观、支持赞同、批判质疑等态度选项，同时把无关态度作为强干扰项。做题切忌代入自身看法，必须以文本用词为唯一依据。要特别区分作者态度和文中引用人物的态度，二者极易混淆。遇到转折、让步逻辑词重点研读，梳理情感色彩词汇，排除主观臆断，精准判断文本流露出的褒贬倾向，选出匹配的态度类选项。 【典例】（2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） SNCF’s policy may affect only a small number of seats, but the reaction matters. Keeping children welcome in public spaces will not reverse falling birth rates. Treating them as troubles, however, is unlikely to help. 46. What is the author’s overall attitude in the passage? A. Neutral and mixed about the policy’s social impact. B. Concerned and critical of “no-kids” rule on board. C. Worried but supportive of policies favouring parents. D. Suspicious yet respectful of the rail operator’s policy. 考点逻辑：态度关键词treating them as troubles is unlikely to help（把孩子当麻烦毫无益处）体现作者担忧（concerned），同时批判铁路 “无儿童席位” 的规定（critical），推导整体态度。 【典例】（2025~2026学年金山区二模） 46. What is Dr. Buchman’s attitude towards the study’s findings? A. Appreciative and cautiously optimistic. B. Indifferent to the participants’ contributions. C. Pessimistic about their practical application. D. Suspicious of the link between exercise and brain health. 考点逻辑：great thank you体现他对实验参与者心怀感激（appreciative）；仅提出运动能降低认知衰退风险，未宣称能治愈阿尔茨海默，态度谨慎乐观（cautiously optimistic）。 知识点 4 推断文章出处和目标读者 推断文章出处和目标读者此题型要求依据文体特征判断文本来源于哪里，以及文章面向哪一类读者。常见出处有报纸新闻、科普杂志、网络博文、教科书、广告手册等；目标读者常涉及青少年、普通大众、专业研究者、消费者等。不同文体有鲜明特征：新闻多有导语；广告侧重推销；科普文侧重科普知识。解题核心是抓文章题材、语言难度、内容风格。干扰项常混淆文体特征，比如把科普文章错判为广告。做题时综合题材、措辞、内容定位来源，根据文本用词难度、话题适配群体，判断文章是写给哪类人群阅读，做到有理有据，不凭经验主观猜测。 【典例】（2025~2026学年崇明区二模） Doing something you’re bad at can make you better at what you’re good at, as well as potentially making you good at something new. Understanding this dynamic can give you an edge in your own area of excellence, and enhance your life generally. To be great at what you do, take a chance on failing at something else. .......... It is clear that although we hate to fail, doing so can be beneficial for learning a new skill and mastering an old one. This has implications for how to improve ordinary life. 46. The author’s primary purpose in writing this passage is to ______. A. argue that failure is inevitable in daily life and advise readers to avoid its mental pain B. illustrate the positive values of failure in unfamiliar areas and persuade readers to accept it C. compare different ways to handle failure and highlight the effectiveness of action rumination D. analyze the psychological mechanism behind people’s fear of failure and its evolutionary origin 考点逻辑：推断出处：Popular science magazine（大众科普杂志）；目标读者：general science lovers（普通科学爱好者）。文章讲解热力学第二定律，解释复杂物理概念时使用日常书桌举例简化，没有专业论文的严谨术语堆砌，既不面向专业物理学家，也和数学、医学无关，面向喜爱科学的普通大众。 考●向●破●译 考向1 逻辑分析推断隐含意义 锁定关键词： 根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论）, indicate（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速确定题型 设题方式： It can be inferred from the passage that ． The author implied（suggested）that．．． ． It can be concluded from the passage that ． The writer indicates/implies/suggests that ． 解题指导： (1)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；(2)整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须以文章所提供的事实内容为依据，切忌凭空想象。 【示例1】 Of course, there are typically many participants in the pricing process: Accounting provides cost estimates; marketing communicates the pricing strategy; sales provides specific customer input; production sets supply boundaries; and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary. However, problems arise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over to the price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms (协调机制). For example, if the marketing department sets list prices, the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field, the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements, and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment, everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results. In fact, the company may actually lose money on some orders. 65. What can be inferred from the wide participation in the pricing process? A. Decision making requires gathering comprehensive information. B. The coordinating mechanism won’t work without a lot of input. C. Potential customers are easily upset at any stage of the process. D. The company loses money unless everyone intends for the best. 【示例2】 Handled in a smart way, some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy. AI is highly capable of identifying complex patterns and improving systems, which can help reduce emissions. It is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical networks with real-time balance of supply and demand. Besides, it has assisted in reducing petrol consumption in shipping through adjusting routes and speeds to the fittest, and spotting leaks of methane (a greenhouse gas) by cooperating with satellites and ground sensors. 44. We can learn from paragraph 3 that________. A. energy used by AI would otherwise realize a green economy B. energy saving in shipping is partly due to AI-improved routes C. AI’s real-time management has raised electricity consumption D. methane leak detection done by AI can be sensed by satellites 考向2 文体特点推断写作意图 锁定关键词： 根据题干关键词purpose（目的），intend to（打算），want to tell us ...（想要告诉我们），write this passage to（写这篇文章为了）迅速确定题型。 设题方式： What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? The purpose of the text is to get more people to ． The writer of the story wants to tell us that ． The fact ... is mentioned by the author to show ． The author writes the last paragraph in order to ． 解题指导： 记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（to tell a story, to entertain readers, to share an experience...）； 应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（to sell, to attract, to persuade, to promote...） 说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（to introduce, to explain, to inform, to make comparisons...）； 议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。 【示例1】 1. Visitors access the castle over a wooden-board bridge. 2. Upon entering the castle,there is a set of adapted toilets to your left, and the ticket office to your right — both reached over an uneven cobbled (铺有鹅卵石的) surface. 3. You enter the castle from a steep winding route. It is 15 degrees at its steepest point,the average is five degrees and it is approximate ly 350 m from entering the castle to the top level at Crown Square. It is surfaced with cobbles,which can be uneven. 42. The main purpose of this passage is to_________. A. promote the castle’s cafes and souvenir shops B. tell the dramatic story of the castle’s past battles C. offer the overview of the castle’s physical layout D. describe the historical significance of the castle 【示例2】 Beyond practice, creativity grows in environments that encourage exploration and problem-solving. Many breakthroughs in music, science, and art do not emerge from sudden inspiration but rather from sustained effort and experimentation. A composer might spend weeks testing different chord (和弦) progressions before discovering a unique combination. Similarly, a scientist may conduct numerous failed experiments before uncovering a groundbreaking solution. Thomas Edison, for example, famously said that his success was built on “1,000 ways that won’t work” before inventing the lightbulb (灯泡). 2．The role of the example of Thomas Edison in paragraph 3 is _________. A．to illustrate that failure can lead to success B．to show that perseverance is essential for creativity C．to emphasize that success depends on the initial talent D．to argue that failure is the main source of creativity 考向3 忠于措辞推断观点态度 锁定关键词： 根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude（态度），outstanding（ 优秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hopefully（有希望的）,against（反对）, in favor of（赞成）, 迅速确定题型。 设题方式： The attitude of the author towards something is ． The writer of the passage seems to think that ． What's the author's opinion on ...? What do we know about ... in the passage? What does the author think about ...？ 解题指导： (1)注意作者或文中人物的措辞：①分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；②留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；③结合英语国家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断。 (2)牢记观点态度的常见词语： 附注：英语阅读理解中表示作者态度的高频词汇 观点态度 例词 positive (积极的)、supportive (支持的)、optimistic (乐观的)、concerned 关心的 humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(热情的)、pleasant (愉快的)；subjective 主观的 neutral (中立的)、objective(客观的)、not mentioned(未提及的)、unconcerned 不关心的、uninterested(不感兴趣的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)；conservative 保守的 negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(怀疑的)、disgusted(憎恶的) critical(批评的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不赞成的)、puzzled/ confused 困惑的、pessimistic 悲观的 【示例1】 Youth involves a certain innocence but also perseverance. The word “can’t” wasn’t in my vocabulary. I partnered with a friend buying distressed multifamily properties around Houston. Even though we were enthusiastic and backed with start-up sums, I didn’t make a deal work. My friend moved on to other projects. Alone, I put all my money into the next real-estate project. I put the time in, I dreamed it, but once again the deal fell through. Two months later, though, the deal came back around. That was when the path opened, luck changed, and I was ready to form my own company. I haven’t looked back. Only ahead. I’m now able to give back to communities and causes. I donate about $500,000 a year, much of that going to research to cure rare diseases. We also support a lot of services for disadvantaged children in Houston and other places. 38. Which quality of the author is not shown in the passage? A. Perseverance. B. Optimism. C. Innocence. D. Kindness. 【示例2】 Despite their success, virtual influencers aren’t without controversy, with many expressing discomfort with the idea of “fake humans” interacting with the world as if they were real. As we look ahead, it’s worth asking: How will the world adjust to this new reality where digital beings exist alongside real humans? The answer, as always, lies in how we choose to use the tools we have been given. 39. What is the author’s attitude towards virtual influencers? A. Doubtful. B. Neutral. C. Strongly critical. D. Fully supportive. 考向4 语言特色推断文章出处和目标读者 设题方式: This passage would be most likely to be found in ． The passage is probably taken from ． Were does this text probably come from? Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from? The text is intended for ． 解题指导： (1) 根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象 (2) 根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题 广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点； 报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主； 杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活； 产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍； 药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等； 网络：文体不限，找到click here，download，up­load，link，mouse, surf等网络标志 【示例1】 In case you want to know more about the benefits of tax-free municipal bonds, we now have an offer for you. Our specialists have created a helpful Bond Guide for investors. It’s free and comes with no obligation (义务) at all. 10．Who would be the most likely target readers of this leaflet? A．Municipal bond administrators. B．Federal tax calculators. C．The copyright owners of the Bond Guide. D．Senior-citizen investors. 【示例2】 Pickleball is now one of the fastest-growing sports, and it’s tons of fun. It is played on a badminton-sized court with a net at the center. Each end of the court has a kitchen (the non-volley zone; volley is a hit of the ball before it touches the ground). Follow these simple rules and I bet you’ll be out playing doubles pickleball in no time. 42. Where may you find this article? A. In a journal on sports science. B. From a profile of the sports’ inventor. C. At the “How-To” section of a sports website. D. On an official document of sports rule clarification. 考点二 主旨大意题 知●识●解●构 知识点1 文章大意类 寻找主题句确定文章大意。主题句的位置一般有以下几种： (1)主题句出现在文首。文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。 (2)主题句出现在文末。文章先表述细节，之后在文末归纳概括出主题。 (3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次升华主题。 (4)主题句出现在文章的中间。文章首先提出问题，对问题进行描述，讨论之后在文章的中间部分给出主题句，而后又做进一步的解释。 【典例】（2025~2026学年徐汇区二模） A viral trend has taken over social media, with content creators sharing everyday Chinese habits as a guide to "becoming Chinese." It began in late 2025 when Chinese American creator Sherry XiiRuii posted humorous tutorials on TikTok under the hashtag #BecomingChinese. Her series of more than 20 videos averaged 1 million views each within two months, sparking imitators across platforms. Creators now extol the virtues of sipping ginger tea, trying acupuncture, and soaking feet in warm water before bed. Even celebrities like comedian Jimmy O Yang have joined in. ........... Qu Qiang, an expert at Minzu University of China, called the trend grassroots, peer-to-peer cultural exchange—distinct from past icons like pandas or kung fu. "This emerged organically overseas," he said, adding that it reflects both the enduring appeal of Chinese living wisdom and a Western search for balance amid social fatigue. 36. What is the central idea of the passage as a whole? A. A trend promoting traditional Chinese medicine as a healthcare replacement. B. A grassroots movement highlighting China's growing cultural influence. C. Government soft power initiatives driving global interest. D. Western celebrities misrepresenting Chinese culture. 考点解析 文章大意判断逻辑：全文围绕海外普通人自发追捧中国日常生活方式这一民间潮流展开，全程说明该潮流反映中国文化影响力上升。A 仅片面提中医；C 错，潮流是民间自发，非政府主导；D 与原文完全相反。 重点词汇释义 central idea 中心思想；grassroots adj. 草根的，民间的；cultural influence 文化影响力；misrepresent v. 歪曲；initiative n. 举措 【典例】（2025~2026学年金山区二模） We’ve all heard about techniques to get us more physically active—take the stairs, park the car a bit further from your destination, get up and march in place for a minute or two when standing or sitting at a desk. Now a study finds even simple housework may make a difference in brain health in our 70s and 80s. “Exercise is an inexpensive way to improve health. Our study shows it may have a protective effect on the brain,” says Dr. Aron S. Buchman with Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, who led the study. .......... And, while intense activity and exercise is highly beneficial, light activity can make a difference as well, says Buchman. “As long as you have some activity and you’re moving, whether you’re chopping onions or sweeping the floor,” you can reduce your risk of cognitive decline. 45. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage? A. The Cure for Alzheimer’s: A New Medical Breakthrough B. Why Housework Is Better Than Gym Exercise for Seniors C. Physical Activity: A Protective Barrier Against Brain Aging D. The Mystery of Dementia: Why Some People Are Immune 原文核心：科研证实日常轻度活动（家务、散步）可保护老年人大脑，延缓认知衰退，甚至缓解阿尔茨海默病症。 判断逻辑：全文主线是各类身体活动对大脑衰老的防护作用。A 错误，运动不能治愈阿尔茨海默；B 片面，文章未比较家务和健身优劣；D 仅为局部研究疑问，不是全文主旨。 重点词汇释义 appropriate adj. 合适的；protective barrier 防护屏障；cognitive decline 认知衰退；dementia n. 痴呆；senior n. 老年人 知识点2 段落大意类 通过结构或暗示概括段落大意。 (1)根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句(2)通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。 在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。 (2)通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。 【典例】（2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） In Dutch language structure, verbs come near the end of a sentence rather than immediately after the subject like they do in English. For instance, “‘I ate a cookie with chocolate’ in Dutch would be ‘I the cookie with chocolate ate.’ You would have to wait very long for the verb to come,” Linden says. “And that’s probably unrealistically late; you’re probably much more predictive in processing” the sentence. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. To explain why Dutch brain processing relies on predictions B. To compare English and Dutch vocabulary differences C. To introduce the history of Dutch sentence structure D. To prove all languages need predictive thinking 段落主旨逻辑：本段核心：荷兰语动词后置，人们必须提前预判句子内容，解释荷兰语大脑预判式语言处理模式。B 错，段落只讲句式，不对比词汇；C 错，未提及语言历史；D 错，“all languages” 绝对化，本段只讲荷兰语。 【典例】（2025~2026学年崇明区二模） Another helpful way to turn the discomfort of failure into a source of progress is what psychologists call “action rumination.” It is task-focused and involves replaying the exact missteps that one made and how they could be corrected in the future. Scholars have shown that thinking through something you have done poorly in this intentionally corrective way can lead to learning and improvement as opposed to frustration and embarrassment. What does Paragraph 5 mainly focus on? A. A targeted reflection method to turn failure into progress B. Negative feelings caused by mistakes and failures C. Advice to avoid uncomfortable failure experiences D. The difference between frustration and embarrassment 段落主旨逻辑：整段围绕action rumination（行动复盘）展开，介绍这种聚焦任务、复盘失误的反思方法，能把失败转化为进步。B、D 只是段落次要情绪铺垫；C 与段落核心方法完全相反。 知识点3 标题归纳类 三大方法定标题。①正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；②反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；③研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。 【典例】（2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） My first journey to Norway began with an accident that almost killed me on the deck of a deep-sea fishing boat. One afternoon, having finished my task, I climbed the ladder to the deck. I had scarcely lifted my head when the sky disappeared. In its place came a heavy iron cage, swinging with blind force and hitting me right in the face. I remember no pain at first — only darkness. ........ I had come to Norway hoping the mountains would heal me. Instead, I learned that a single blow does not merely wound the body; it breaks open the self and sets it wandering. Yet in that wandering I found something steady. My memories, my fears, and the voices of those who had walked beside me formed a quiet fellowship. In their company, I did not find a cure, but I began, at last, to find myself. 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. A Fatal Accident B. A Memory of the Sea C. A Friend of Pure Heart D. A Journey of Self-Discovery 考点解析 标题归纳逻辑：A、B、C 均只是文中单一细节（事故、大海回忆、渔夫朋友），只能概括局部；D “一场自我发现之旅” 贯穿全文：前往挪威的外在旅程，本质是内心自我探索，完整覆盖文章主线。 重点词汇释义 fatal adj. 致命的；self-discovery n. 自我探寻；journey n. 旅程；pure heart 纯粹的内心 【典例】（2025~2026学年宝山区二模） All humans are born small, weak and completely dependent on others, and it takes years for them to become self-reliant. This means that children rely on adults to provide for them and protect them, and they face great danger when adults cannot or will not do this. While governments and organizations work to secure minors, the sheer (纯粹的) number and complexity of the issues some children face require a different approach. .......... Children are sensitive to a lot of dangers, and these dangers vary a bit by location and circumstances. Thus, a many-sided approach is necessary to ensure that all children enjoy a safe, happy childhood, so they can grow into healthy adults. 46. What is the best title for the passage? A. A Tough Crisis for Children. B. A Variety of Dangers for Children. C. A Safer World for Children. D. A Dangerous World for Children. 考点逻辑：文章前半部分客观罗列儿童面临的各类危险只是铺垫，后半段大篇幅介绍各类机构的保护方案，作者写作意图不是单纯渲染危险，而是呼吁打造更安全的儿童生存环境。 考●向●破●译 考向 1 考查最佳标题题 该题型要求选出最适合短文的标题，设问常为 “What would be the best title for the text?”。做题时要抓取全文反复出现的主题词，通读首尾段把握文章核心，标题要简洁凝练，完整覆盖全文中心。不能只截取局部细节，避免标题范围过大或过小。正确选项要体现文章核心对象，干扰项多为某一段的细节、片面表述，或是夸大文章内容的概括。 【示例1】 Armed with his newfound insight into the birth of rocks, William walked the length and breadth of Great Britain with the intention of surveying and categorizing all the wonderfully different types of rocks that he found. It took William many years of frustration and hardship to draw a huge map of Great Britain by hand. The map, on display today at Burlington House in London, uses beautiful colors to show every layer of rock below in the most precise detail. Unique in its time, William’s map gave birth to every geological survey that we take for granted in the world today. 46. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A. How Fossil Patterns Revealed Ancient Seas B. The Man Who Uncovered the Earth’s Story C. The Encyclopedia Britannica and the Rise of Geology D. William Smith:From Miner to Master of Mapping 【示例2】 Although Bierman’s explanation is still based on guesses and has not accepted by mainstream science, Watt does think it is worth considering. For now, believing that it’s possible to predict future with dreams remains an act of faith. Yet, it’s possible that one day we’ll wake up to a true understanding of this fascinating phenomenon. 46. Which might be the best title of the passage? A. Should Dreams Be Assessed? B. Can Dreams Predict the Future? C. How Can Physics Be Changed to Explain Dreams? D. Why Should Scientists Study Precognitive Dreams? 考向 2 考查全文主旨大意题 该题型考查整篇文章的中心思想，常见设问 “What is the main idea of the passage?”。解题优先查找首尾段主题句，若无明显主题句，则整合每段段落大意，提炼共同核心。议论文抓中心论点，说明文抓说明对象，记叙文抓事件背后的道理感悟。答案是对全文的高度概括，并非个别事例、数据等细节；干扰项常以偏概全，只反映某一段内容，不能统领全篇。 【示例1】 More troubling is the disrespectful attitude towards complex art that surfaces in Lewis’s writing. Her rude view on Joyce’s literature (“what-if novels, but harder to read”), her dislike for pioneering films, and her confession of finding the Beatles music “boring” imply that her problem with “genius” might partly be a personal hate for difficult art and its creators. Worse still, these dislikes go without strong proof. Her unjust claim that Picasso is admired because of his imperfection, not despite them, reads more like an angry opinion than reasoned argument. While some online fans might admire some superstars uncritically, true faith in innate genius has been weaker since the 1960s. Lewis jumps on a train that is already slowing. 46. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Society’s admiration for geniuses is dangerous. B. Lewis criticism of “the genius myth” is unconvincing. C. The public should hold a critical view on geniuses. D. Specific works instead of people should be admired. 【示例2】 Over the past few years, areas in East Asia, North America and northern Europe have been colder than normal during some periods of winter. This has left many debating whether Earth is experiencing global warming or not, but scientists have shown that Earth’s warming trends are responsible. ............ Although heat and cold are considered opposites, in the case of climate, the former can cause the latter. 46. What is the main focus of the passage? A. The Relationship between Warming Earth and Colder Winters B. The Strange Phenomenon of Warming Earth with Colder Winters C. The Temperature Differences between the Arctic and Mid-latitude Areas D. The Potential Reasons for Earth Becoming Warmer and Warmer 考向 3 考查段落大意题 该题型针对某一个段落设问，询问某段主要讲什么。需要锁定指定段落，优先看段首、段尾，转折词 but、however 之后往往是段落中心。如果没有显性主题句，就剔除举例、解释等次要信息，归纳本段所有细节共同服务的观点。正确选项一般是段落主题句的同义改写，切忌把段落内某个例子当成段落主旨，注意不要混淆段落局部信息和整段核心。 【示例1】 Unemployment is a significant problem in many developing countries. Without steady work, individuals struggle to rise out of poverty, and the community as a whole also misses out. Many unemployed people could have done much good through their labour if they had been given the opportunity to contribute. Worse, without opportunities for proper employment, young people sometimes turn to crime and violence in order to provide for themselves. Thus, giving people opportunities to work is essential for the community’s well-being. 43. What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A. The role of the government in creating job opportunities. B. The importance of education for reducing unemployment rates. C. The necessity of providing work opportunities to prevent crime. D. The consequences of unemployment on individuals and communities. 【示例2】 In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real-time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location”, says Haller. 65. Paragraph 5 mainly talks about ________. A. the collection of data B. the testing of the algorithm C. the identification of the TRAPs D. the cooperation of two research teams 考向 4 考查写作目的题 该题型考查作者写这篇文章的意图，典型设问 “What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?”。需要立足于全文主旨，结合文体判断意图：说明文多为介绍、解释某事物；议论文重在说服、论证某个观点；记叙文多为分享经历、传递感悟；广告类文本目的多为告知信息。不能依据个别句子主观揣测，要区分文章内容和写作目的，选项要匹配作者整体的表达倾向。 【示例1】 Clearly, everyone — whether he/she is a British citizen or a foreigner investor — who wants to start a business in London must detect first the most profitable areas. And the four most appealing ones are listed below. 14．This article is intended for ______. A．British citizens who want to buy luxury goods B．visitors looking for recreational activities in Britain C．investors interested in starting a business in London D．foreigners participating in commercial activities in London 【示例2】 What is AI’s Role in the Park Hill Classroom? AI’s purpose in our learning is to enhance, not replace, the effort put into your teaching and learning. Its use is intended to facilitate, not to complete tasks on your behalf. AI will offer tailored support to meet diverse learning needs, by breaking down complex concepts or summarizing information, thereby enriching the educational experience. 40. What’s the text mainly intended to do? A. Prepare schools for effective AI integration. B. Promote the responsible use of AI in education C. Support teaching management through AI tools. D. Ensure data privacy and safe, with AI tools. 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 高考真题 Passage1 【来源】2023 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） In the vast, untouched expanse of wilderness, Isla and her faithful golden retriever(猎犬), Finn danced in a harmony of souls. Together, they weaved through myriad terrains, from shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets to rugged mountain paths that touched the heavens. Their bond was not of mere circumstance, but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet away from the urban noise, while every rustle and murmur of the wild ignited Finn's spirit. As dawn's first light kissed the earth, Isla deliberately packed away memories of the nigh while Finn, with eager anticipation, wagged ( 摇摆)his tail, eager for the day's melodies. Their journey was not charted by maps or compasses, but by the gentle touches of their hearts, caressed by nature's ideal breezes. One dusky evening, painted with deep red colors and ethereal purples, an unexpected storm took them off guard, Raindrops, heavy with sorrow, transformed familiar trails into flowing streams, in a desperate bid for refuge, Isla was trapped by the fierce embrace of the currents. It twas Finn's instinctive courage that shone brightly in that moment of despair, as he moved forward suddenly, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip, drawing her back to safety's shore. Nestled in u rocky embrace, they clung to each other against the storm's fury. Isla whispered tales of bygone days and distant horizons into Finn's eager cars, In return , he moved slowly and complained weakly, weaving tales without words, sharing a symphony of silent stories. When the storm's rage decreased, the world they knew was covered in unfamiliarity. Trails they once danced upon had vanished, and landmarks whispered in unfamiliar tongues. For the first time, Isla felt the weight of disorientation. But Finn, with unwavering confidence, stepped forward, trusting his instincts to unveil the path ahead. As days melted into weeks, just when hope seemed a distant star, the embrace of a hidden village hugged them gently, Interested by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them ,their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend. But the wild's temptation could not be ignored. Restored, the two partners ventured once more into the embrace of nature, carrying with them the blessings and hopes of newfound friends. Through the rich and colorful picture of their adventures, it became evident that their true strength was not in conquering the elements but in the unyielding bond they shared. The wild was but a stage for their eternal ballet of friendship and perseverance. 56. What connected Isla to Finn? A. The untouched expanse of wilderness. B. Shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets. C.Circumstance and shared dreams. D. The urban noise. 57. What drove Isla into despair? A. A dusk of crimson and purple. B. A sudden storm. C. The familiar trails. D. A rocky embrace. 58. What were the villagers interested in? A. Finn's confidence and intuition. B. Isla's respect for nature. C. Isla and Finn's exciting journey D. The wild's temptation. 59. What can we learn from the passage? A. Isla and Finn made their journeys based on a map or a compass. B. Finn failed to pull Isla back to the safety of shore. C, The villagers wove Isla and Finn's journey into local legend. D. Isla and Finn's real strength lied in conquering harsh environments. Passage 2 【来源】上海市2025-2026学年高三上学期12月春考适应性调研卷英语试题 Peverel Smith, a legendary artist, was seen walking on a Manhattan sidewalk wearing jeans, high-tops, a blazer, and a wool cap. She was there to meet me at a gallery owned by her friends. We entered the quiet space, where a large horse statue was the only thing visible through the glass. Smith, who will turn 79 in December, was preparing for a busy fall. She was releasing her memoir (回忆录) , Bread of Angels, and going on an international tour to celebrate her famous album Horses. Smith’s career spans over 60 years, including poetry, music, photography, and more. One of her famous lyrics from Horses says, “People say, “Beware,” but I don’t care.” She has always questioned authority, starting from her childhood. In her memoir, she recalls a question she asked during school about what will happen to art. Her father loved art. Smith was sent to orphanage (孤儿院) after her parents’ death but was disappointed when she learned there was no place for art. She then dedicated herself to art. Smith’s early life was difficult. She grew up in a poor family, moving often and being sick a lot. Despite this, she loved storytelling and reading. She dreamed of writing the longest book in the world. She also wanted to be a musician, even though she said she didn’t know how to play guitar properly. Her rebellious spirit made her stand out in the male-dominated music scene. She married Fredrick Smith in Detroit and had two children. After Fred’s death in 1994, she returned to New York with her kids and continued her creative work. Smith’s life shows her ability to reinvent herself. She believes that everyone should find a piece of themselves in her stories. Smith plans to focus more on writing and less on memoirs. When asked how she feels, she said she feels like she is “ten and 100.” 11．What can we learn about Horses? A．Smith will go on a celebration tour for Horses this December. B．Horses holds lots of precious memories of Smith in her youth. C．Horses represents Smith’s resistance nature as her early album. D．Lyrics of Horses reflected nature of Smith since her childhood. 12．What is the main purpose of the 3rd paragraph? A．To introduce the life story of Peverel Smith. B．To convey Smith’s resilience under hardship. C．To explain origins of Smith’s literature talent. D．To present sympathy on Smith’s experiences. 13．The underlined part “ten and 100” in the last paragraph means ________. A．Smith is excellent in health though advanced in years B．Smith is passionate but sometimes feels overwhelmed C．Smith is now well-travelled and ready to author more D．Smith is sensible about age when recalling her youth 14．What is the best title of this passage? A．Peverel Smith — My Ageless Friend B．Peverel Smith and Her Horses C．Poetic Singer — Peverel Smith D．Lifetime Reinvention of Peverel Smith 题组二 最新名校模拟试题 Passage1 【来源】上海市七宝中学2025-2026学年高三下学期5月练习英语试题 Often when we’re confronted with situations of feeling out of place or unqualified, we try to “fake it till we make it.” It doesn’t work — and trust me, I’ve tried. Years ago, when I was in college, I had an enduring feeling of uncertainty and self-doubt. As one of four females majoring in electrical engineering, I had a fear of being stereotyped so I tried to act the part of the masculine persona typical of engineering majors. I postured and pretended, but no matter what amount of “faking it” I put out, I found myself with more self-doubt than when I started. Even after college, in a new role at a company, I discovered that my go-to solution to the problems involved in constantly being on the outside of the “elite” in-circle was to, as a friend put it, act with the confidence of a “plain white male.” I am hardly the only person who has tried this approach to no avail. In one paper on authenticity, my colleagues and I have noted that being inauthentic has negative effects on perceptions of performance in the long term. This negative side certainly held true for me. Overwhelmingly, when I acted like a man — or how I thought a man would act — I got pushback. People saw me as aggressive. I felt superficial, came across as inauthentic and wasn’t getting the sort of support or social acceptance that my “elite” male peers were. But before long, I discovered that I too had the ability to make honest and authentic connections with senior leaders in my organization. Once I accidentally shared a ride with the senior VP of my division. Over the course of the drive, we had a natural conversation where I felt confident and comfortable. I asked him for advice on things that came up organically. And he saw that I was a smart, insightful person. He even invited me to give a presentation to his internal team. To this day, he remains one of my most trusted mentors. It’s important to remember that we all have something that others are judging us on. In the long term, on a macro level, posturing and faking it provides only temporary value. What ends up being more long-standing is a belief that inevitably holds people back — a feeling of uncertainty and self-doubt. We can’t try to cater to what we think others want, because we have no idea how to do that or exactly what they want. Instead, we have to be smart enough to seize chances to demonstrate who we really are, being unapologetic and confident. 1．The root cause of the author’s “faking it” is probably ________. A．her gender and major B．her self-doubt and fear C．her desire to be typical D．her confidence in males 2．What may be the negative effect of being inauthentic on a person who “fakes it”? A．Trying the approach of “fakes it” to no avail. B．Overwhelming perceptions of performance. C．Meeting resistance to the supposed aggression. D．Being regarded as unsupportive and unaccepted. 3．The author suggests that we should _________. A．remember to ask others to judge us on something B．eliminate the temporary value “fakes it” provides C．hold back the feeling of uncertainty and self-doubt D．display our true selves confidently at the right time 4．Which is the best title for this passage? A．Why “Fake It Till You Make It” Is Terrible Advice. B．Make It Rather Than Fake It Or Doubt Yourself. C．Stop Faking the Fake, Start Trusting the Trusted. D．Don’t Let the Chances Slip Through Your Fingers. Passage 2 【来源】上海市上复旦大学附属中学2026届高三下五月第二次阶段检测英语试题 Sending Mail Abroad What are you sending? Letters and postcards Letters and postcards to Europe can only be sent by Airmail — up to a maximum weight of 2kg. Airmail Our standard Airmail service for sending international mail to anywhere in the world quickly and cost effectively. How to use Stick our branded Airmail sticker — available free from Post Office branches — on your item of mail and post it in any post box or Post Office branch. Alternatively, you can simply write ‘BY AIRMAIL — PAR AVION’ in the front top left corner. Our Airmail delivery aims are:     Western Europe: 3 days following day of posting     Eastern Europe: 4 days following day of posting     Outside Europe: 5 days following day of postingAirmail prices Weight up to Europe World Zone 1 World Zone 2 Postcards £0.44 £0.50 £0.50 10g £0.44 £0.50 £0.50 20g £0.44 £0.72 £0.72 40g £0.64 £1.12 £1.19 60g £0.83 £1.51 £1.66 80g £1.02 £1.91 £2.14 100g £1.21 £2.31 £2.61 120g £1.41 £2.70 £3.08 140g £1.60 £3.10 £3.55 160g £1.79 £3.49 £4.02 Surface mail Our economical service for sending non-urgent international mail. How to use Surface items should be addressed as normal.     The name of the country in CAPITALS must come last. Our Surface mail delivery aims are:     Western Europe: 2 weeks following day of posting     Eastern Europe: 4 weeks following day of posting     Outside Europe: 8-12 weeks following day of postingSurface mail prices Weight up to Postcards Letters only to outside Europe 20g £0.42 £0.42 60g £0.72 £0.72 100g £1.02 £1.02 150g £1.43 £1.43 Where is it going? World Zone 1 World Zone 1 covers all countries not in either Europe or World Zone 2. World Zone 2 Australia Korea Philippines China New Zealand Japan 5．If you post a letter to France, which is located in Western Europe, on November 1st, it will arrive there ________. A．on November 4th B．on November 5th C．on November 15th D．on November 29th 6．If you post a letter, weighing 110g, to the United States by airmail, you need to pay ________. A．£2.31 B．£2.61 C．£2.70 D．£3.08 7．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．The cost of sending a postcard to Japan by airmail is £0.42. B．You can choose to send a letter to Germany by surface mail. C．You must use the branded Airmail sticker to send a letter by airmail. D．A postcard sent to Egypt by surface mail may take 9 weeks to arrive. Passage 3 【来源】上海市行知中学2025-2026学年高三第二学期5月英语月考试卷 Facial Recall Large gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue — but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution. The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially eliminating the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we all have in terms of initiating the protocol (礼仪) to meet somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, whose start-up, also called SocialRecall, created the app and tested it at an event attended by about 1,000 people. After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, a prospective user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the app’s creators say it automatically wipes users’ data after an event. Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence at Ryerson University in Toronto, praises the app’s creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.” The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness,” a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. (Sandrew, who has prosopagnosia himself, notes that the app has not yet been tested on others with the condition.) To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app. Jason Schultz, a professor of clinical law at New York University, who was not involved with the app’s creation, remains wary: “The cost to everyone whom you are surveilling (监视) with this app is very, very high, and I don’t think it respects the consent (认同) politics involved with capturing people’s images.” 8．The app, SocialRecall, is not targeted at those ________. A．who are afraid of social gatherings B．who are suffering from face blindness C．who want to enlarge their social circles D．who have difficulty in socializing with others 9．Why do lots of privacy experts not advocate the facial-recognition app? A．Because it is only active within a defined area. B．Because the technology behind is still not mature. C．Because the app has not been tested on a large scale. D．Because users’ personal information might be misused. 10．The word “wary” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A．Confident B．cautious C．optimistic D．jealous 11．Where does this passage most probably appear? A．A science journal. B．A travel brochure. C．An advertisement column. D．An entertainment magazine. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $