专题09 阅读理解细节题、词义猜测题（复习讲义）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦阅读理解细节题与词义猜测题核心考点，按命题透视、思维建模、考点精讲、真题溯源的逻辑架构，将细节题（直接信息、间接信息等）和词义猜测题（单词、短语等）拆解为知识点与考向，通过考情分析、框架搭建、方法指导、真题训练等环节，帮助学生系统构建解题思维，突破高考难点。 讲义以考向破译与典例精讲为特色，如细节题采用题干定位法、同义互释法，词义猜测通过上下文逻辑推断，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设置真题与模拟题分层训练，配合即时方法反馈，确保学生高效掌握解题策略，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

专题09 阅读理解细节题、词义猜测题 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 细节理解题 知识解构 知识点1直接信息题 知识点2间接信息题 知识点3数字计算题 知识点4排列顺序题 考向破译 考向 01 考查直接信息题 考向02 考查间接信息题 考向 03 考查数字计算题 考向04 考查排列顺序题 考点二 词义猜测题 知识解构 知识点1推测单词词义 知识点2推测短语意思 知识点3推测句子意思 知识点4推测代词指代意思 考向破译 考向 01 考查单词词义猜测题 考向02 考查短语意思猜测题 考向 03 考查句子意思猜词题 考向04 考查代词指代意思题 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 近年上海高考阅读理解题细目表 高考年份 细节理解题号/数量 词义猜测题题号/数量 2023上海春考 56、60、61、66 (4) 57 (1) 2022上海春考 56、57、61、64、(4) 63 (1) 2021上海春考 57、58、59、60、62、64 (6) / 2020上海春考 56、58、60、61、62、63(6) / 2023上海秋考 56、57、60、61、66 （5） 63 (1) 2022上海秋考 56、57、60、61、66 （5） 63 (1) 2021上海秋考 58、60、（2） 63 (1) 2020上海秋考 56、57、64、65、(4) / 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 考查阅读理解细节内容 知●识●解●构 知识点1 直接信息题 题干定位直接破解直接信息题。细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作解释或判断，只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息。 题干定位法 【典例】（2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Join Whole Foods Market as an Associate Retail Floor Lead! Whole Foods Market is committed to the well-being of our team members. From comprehensive health benefits to wellness programs, we ensure you the resources to live a healthy, balanced life. We’re a community of diverse, talented individuals coming together to make a positive impact on the world through food. If you become a Whole Foods Market Team Member, you have limitless opportunities to give back to the community. From participating in stores’ Community Giving Program all the way to flying across the world to help people in need, we empower you to make a meaningful impact. 40. Whole Foods Market promises its team members ______. A. support for maintaining overall well-being B. full medical coverage for all health needs C. guaranteed chances to make a global impact D. personal and professional success for everyone 【答案】40. A 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Whole Foods Market is committed to the well-being of our team members. From comprehensive health benefits to wellness programs, we ensure you the resources to live a healthy, balanced life.(全食超市致力于员工的幸福安康。从全面的健康福利到健康项目，我们为你提供过上健康、平衡生活所需的资源。)”可知，全食超市承诺为员工提供维持全面身心健康的支持。故选A项。 【典例】（2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） An incredible find While deep in a virtual tour of an estate sale in the autumn of 2022, Clausen uncovered an old seafaring map: a centuries-old mariner’s chart. The chart, which the estate sale dated between 1500 and 1525, caught his eye. The estimated price, between 100,000 and 150,000, seemed fitting for a chart from the 16th century. But something didn’t quite fit. The map seemed older. 36. What made Clausen take special notice of the map? A. It was priced higher than other items. B. It seemed older than its listed date. C. It was highlighted in the virtual tour. D. It was mentioned in a historical article. 【答案】36. B 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据An incredible find部分中“ While deep in a virtual tour of an estate sale in the autumn of 2022, Clausen uncovered an old seafaring map: a centuries-old mariner’s chart. The chart, which the estate sale dated between 1500 and 1525, caught his eye. The estimated price, between 100,000 and 150,000, seemed fitting for a chart from the 16th century. But something didn’t quite fit. The map seemed older.(2022年秋季，Clausen在一次家产拍卖的虚拟导览中，偶然发现了一张古老的航海地图：一张有数百年历史的海图。这张被家产拍卖方标注为1500年至1525年间绘制的地图吸引了他的注意。其预估价格在10万至15万之间，对于一张16世纪的地图来说似乎很合理。但有些地方不太对劲。这张地图看起来年代更久远)”可知，这张地图看起来比标明的日期更古老，所以引起了Clausen的注意。故选B项。 知识点2 间接信息题 同义互释破解间接信息题。间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息用同义或近义的语言形式复述出来。审读题干，提取关键信息→速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换(同义或近义词语)→逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。 同义互释法 【典例】（2025~2026学年松江区二模） Step 2: Recording Your Observations #1 Get yourself a notebook and a pencil. If you need a flashlight, place a red filter (过滤器) when the light shines through. Using a flashlight without doing this will ruin your night vision. #2 At the top, write down the name of the target star and then the guide stars. #3 Every night, record how bright your target star is compared to the guide stars. Write down the date and time as well. 40. We can learn about star observation from the passage that ______. A. guide stars should be chosen before a target star B. proper use of flashlights requires an extra device C. Supernovae are better observed with the naked eye D. drawing charts is aimed to compare the target stars 【答案】40. B 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Step 2: Recording Your Observations部分#1中的“If you need a flashlight, place a red filter (过滤器) when the light shines through.(如果需要手电筒的话，在光线透过时放置一个红色滤镜。)”可知，正确使用手电筒需要配备额外的设备。故选B。 【典例】（2025~2026学年黄浦区二模） Late last spring I went through a period of some personal troubles and felt I was in need of spiritual assistance. I once heard that reading a sea-themed cartoon and lifting weights would cure you, but I had already tried both, and they did not. What I wanted was a book that could offer me advice about how to live the rest of my life forever meaningfully. I remembered then, that Baruch Spinoza was often considered among the few philosophers whose work offered genuine comfort. I had long wanted to read “The Ethics,” Spinoza’s masterwork, and thought it was finally time to be calmed by him. 36. I decided to read “The Ethics” in order to ________. A. find guidance for living a purposeful life B. improve my ability to read difficult books C. give those sea-themed cartoons another try D. understand Spinoza’s philosophy more deeply 【答案】36. A 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“What I wanted was a book that could offer me advice about how to live the rest of my life forever meaningfully.(我所想要的是一本能够为我提供有关如何让余生过得有意义的建议的书)”可知，作者决定阅读《伦理学》，目的是寻找指引，以过上有意义的生活。故选A。 知识点3 数字计算题 查读分析破解数字计算题。宙读题干，提取关键信息→速读定位原文中包含该信息的相关段落一进行推算，得出答案。这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。此类试题在文章中直接表现出事实细节，但要经过具体的计算才能得出正确答案。具体可以是对年代、月份、费用等计算。此类题目宜采用“查读分析法”，即先阅读题干，然后对文中相关的数字、时间、年代等作出标记，按照一定的规律分门别类地列出相关数字，然后进行简单的计算。 【典例】（2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） The Rialto Nature and Place Poetry Competition 2026 is inviting entries. This year’s competition for nature poetry will be judged by Ian McMillan. The competition is being run by The Rialto poetry journal in association with Birdlife International, Cambridge Conservation Initiative and The University of Leeds Poetry Center. Poems may be in any style or form, on any aspect of nature and place. There is a first prize of £1,000 and second and third prizes of £500 and £250. Poems may be up to 40 lines, and must be original and unpublished. Writers may enter up to six poems in one submission. The entry fee for the first poem in a submission is £7, and £4 for any subsequent poems in the same submission. 40. For The Rialto Nature and Place Poetry Competition 2026, if a writer submits 5 poems in one submission, the entry fee will be _______. A. £7. B. £20. C. £23. D. £35. 【答案】40. C 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Rialto Nature and Place Poetry Competition 2026部分“Writers may enter up to six poems in one submission. The entry fee for the first poem in a submission is £7, and £4 for any subsequent poems in the same submission.( 参赛者单次投稿最多可提交六首诗歌。同一投稿中，第一首诗的参赛费为7 英镑， 后续每首诗均为4 英镑)”可知，第一首诗费用为£7；剩余4首诗（5-1=4），每首£4，费用为：4 × £4 = £16。总费用：£7 + £16 = £23。故选C。 【典例】（2025~2026学年长宁区一模） In 2016, psychologist Macnamara analyzed 33 studies. She looked at the relationship between intentional practice and athletic achievement. Intentional practice accounted for just 18 percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts, and it accounts for only 1 percent of the difference between top performers. In addition, top performers hadn’t started practicing their sport earlier in their childhoods. They had begun about the same time as other students who were not as successful. This suggests that other factors, like natural talent, personality and life history, also play a role in becoming an expert. 38. Macnamara’s 2016 studies show that among expert players intentional practice makes up ________ of the performance gap. A. 1% B. 18% C. 82% D. 99% 【答案】 38. B 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In 2016, psychologist Macnamara analyzed 33 studies. She looked at the relationship between intentional practice and athletic achievement. Intentional practice accounted for just 18 percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts, and it accounts for only 1 percent of the difference between top performers.(2016年，心理学家麦克纳马拉分析了33项研究。她研究了有目的的练习和运动成绩之间的关系。有目的的练习在普通运动员和专家之间的运动成绩差异中只占18%，在顶尖运动员之间的差异中只占1%。)”可知，麦克纳马拉2016年的研究表明，在专家运动员中，有目的的练习在表现差距中占18%。故选B。 知识点4 排列顺序题 首尾排除破解细节排序题。审读题干和四个选项的内容→利用首属，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围→如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，进一步缩小范用;如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。做此类试题时可采用“首尾排除法”， 即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情，使用排除法迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确选项；也可使用“代入淘汰法”按顺序逐一排除，得出正确选项。 【典例】（2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） Hunt organizer Long Ray contacted two experienced cavers — Nathan Bill and Andy Miles. They arrived hours later and widened the entrance. By 1:30 a.m., Sunday, ten hours after BuzzMan disappeared, they entered the cave. The passage was so narrow that they were forced to crawl with only headlamp for light. After 30 meters, they eventually reached a tight crawl space. Miles, at 1.7 meters and 104 kilograms, is a strong man. No way could he fit through that hole. By 3:30 a.m., they returned. On Sunday afternoon, smaller volunteers were called in. At 5:00 p.m., four new cavers — two men and two women — entered the cave. They were experienced and loved everything about cave adventure except for one thing — cave flood. “If it rains,” Miles says, “The cave will kill people.” That night’s forecast: rain. The team made their way through the narrow space. On the other side of it was a stream. They had to crawl and swim through cold water, facing the threat of low body temperature. An hour later, one of the men, Kevin Robin, found a large room. He scanned the floor with his headlamp and then up the 4-meter-high walls. And there was BuzzMan, standing on a narrow edge and nervously staring at the stranger. Robin gently attached a belt, helped the dog down, and cast a light on him. BuzzMan immediately headed toward the entrance. 37. According to the passage, which of the following shows the correct order of the rescue? ① Miles was stopped due to a narrow hole. ② The rescuers advanced in the cold stream. ③ Kevin Robin discovered BuzzMan. ④ Nathan Bill and Andy Miles entered the cave. ⑤ A team of four cavers was gathered. A. ④⑤②①③ B. ⑤②①④③ C. ②④①②③ D. ④①⑤②③ 【答案】37. D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“By 1:30 a.m., Sunday, ten hours after BuzzMan disappeared, they entered the cave. The passage was so narrow that they were forced to crawl with only headlamp for light. After 30 meters, they eventually reached a tight crawl space. Miles, at 1.7 meters and 104 kilograms, is a strong man. No way could he fit through that hole. (周日凌晨一点半，也就是BuzzMan失踪十小时后，他们进入了洞穴。通道太窄了，他们只能靠头灯照明。走了30米后，他们终于到达了一个狭窄的爬行空间。Miles身高1.7米，体重104公斤，是个强壮的人。他不可能穿过那个洞。)”、第三段“On Sunday afternoon, smaller volunteers were called in. At 5:00 p.m., four new cavers—two men and two women — entered the cave.(周日下午，规模较小的志愿者被召集起来。下午5点，四名新的洞穴探险者——两男两女——进入了洞穴。)”以及第四段“The team made their way through the narrow space. On the other side of it was a stream. They had to crawl and swim through cold water, facing the threat of low body temperature. An hour later, one of the men, Kevin Robin, found a large room. He scanned the floor with his headlamp and then up the 4 - meter - high walls. And there was BuzzMan, standing on a narrow edge and nervously staring at the stranger. (队员们穿过了狭窄的空间。河的另一边是一条小溪。他们不得不在冰冷的水中爬行和游泳，面临着低体温的威胁。一个小时后，其中一个男人，Kevin Robin，找到了一个大房间。他用头灯扫视了一下地面，然后朝4米高的墙壁往上看。BuzzMan站在一个狭窄的边缘，紧张地盯着这个陌生人。)”可知，救援顺序为：Nathan Bill和Andy Miles进入洞穴（④）→ Miles因洞口狭窄受阻（①）→ 四名洞穴探险者被召集（⑤）→ 救援队员在冰冷溪流中前行（②）→ Kevin Robin 发现BuzzMan（③）。故选D。 考●向●破●译 考向1 直接信息题 对于直接信息题，可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在原文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。也就是说，命题者设置的题目比较直接，理解字面意思即可作答。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体，大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。备选项有下列特征：1. 是原文的再现；2. 是原文的改写；3. 是原文的简化。 【示例1】 What is the true worth of a human life? Are all lives equally valuable? My struggle with these serious questions ultimately shaped my core beliefs. After a major tragedy years ago, I faced the difficult task of setting compensation amounts (补偿金) for every victim lost. The law required me to assign higher values to professionals like financial managers than to waiters, police officers, firefighters, or soldiers. This practice occurs daily in courtrooms nationwide. Our legal system traditionally links compensation for death directly to each victim’s financial standing — their lost earning power. 38. According to the author, what does the law use as the basis for setting compensation amounts for victims? A. The victim’s moral worth. B. The family’s emotional pain. C. The victim’s professional title. D. The victim’s earning ability. 【答案】38. D 【38题详解】 细节理解题。第二段“Our legal system traditionally links compensation for death directly to each victim’s financial standing — their lost earning power. (我们的法律体系传统上将死亡赔偿金直接与受害者的财务状况——即他们丧失的赚钱能力挂钩。)”知，作者认为法律依据受害者的收入能力来确定其赔偿金额。故选D项。 【示例2】 The band, which calls itself Infinity, first performed its work at the 2022 Pittsburgh Schizophrenia Conference in November. All four band members are diagnosed with schizophrenia, a mental disorder that can cause people to interpret reality in abnormal ways, which can cause many kinds of disordered thinking. 56. What is special about the band Infinity? A. All the members were professional. B. It performed for people with schizophrenia. C. All the members have mental disorders. D. It formed and gave its first performance in 2022. 【示例3】 According to some of the reviews, this is more than a typical self-help book. One Amazon review reads, “This is the rare book that will make you both smile and think — often on the same page.” It’s full of humor, insight and actual examples from Rubin’s year-long experiment. In an effort to reach her goal, she tested numerous theories on happiness. Going through philosophy, science, popular culture and more, the writer chose specific habits to examine and try to integrate into her lifestyle. Rubin’s book is divided into 12 chapters, each highlighting a different month and specific area of focus. In chapters one through 11, each new focus or category includes three or four things to work on. For example, the first chapter begins with January and the importance of getting more physical and mental energy. The corresponding goals consist of getting better sleep and exercising more. Later chapters discuss topics such as the importance of making time for friends, play, your passions and more. Chapter 12 concentrates on pulling everything together and adopting all the new habits. At the end of her 12-month journey, Rubin concluded that small, daily changes had, in fact, resulted in a deeper sense of happiness. 2．Which of the following is a feature of The Happiness Project? A．It is organized by monthly challenges. B．It is written in a quite serious way. C．It provides detailed experimental data. D．It offers fun and wise real-life examples. 3．According to The Happiness Project, ____ contributes to greater physical and mental energy. A．enhancing rest and activity B．adopting a strict habit tracker C．scheduling weekly social hours D．pursuing creative outlets daily 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“According to some of the reviews, this is more than a typical self-help book. One Amazon review reads, ‘This is the rare book that will make you both smile and think — often on the same page.’ It’s full of humor, insight and actual examples from Rubin’s year-long experiment. (根据一些书评，这不仅仅是一本普通的自助类书籍。亚马逊上有一条书评写道：“这是一本罕见的书籍，它会让你既会心一笑，又能引发深思——常常是在同一页面上。”这本书充满了幽默、深刻的见解以及鲁宾历时一年的实验中的实际事例。)”可知，书中“充满幽默、见解和真实例子”，且评论称其“让人同时微笑和思考”。因此可知，这本书的特点是它提供了有趣且富有智慧的真实生活实例。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“For example, the first chapter begins with January and the importance of getting more physical and mental energy. The corresponding goals consist of getting better sleep and exercising more. (例如，第一章从一月开始，讲述了获取更多身心活力的重要性。相应的目标包括改善睡眠和增加锻炼。)”可知，获得更多的身心活力可以借助于改善睡眠和增加锻炼，即，增强休息与活动有助于提升身心活力。故选A项。 考向2 间接信息题 间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，因为其答案选项的表述通常不是使用文章的原话，而是使用与文中同义或近义的词语来表达。考生需对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进一步推理鉴别；做这类题目时，学生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对学生来说有一定难度。 【示例1】 Product info: Comfy Cozy Wrap Around Blanket $36.99 By Comfy Cozy (4) 4 out of 5 stars 4120 customer reviews Stay warm this winter with the Comfy Cozy Wrap Around Blanket! It’s a blanket that wraps around you and stays comfortable with the magnetic enclosures. The blanket comes in different materials and colors. Choose the material you like based on how warm you’d like to be! 42. What do we know about this product? A. It is undesirable. B. It is made from recycled items. C. It is very popular. D. It is environmentally friendly. 【答案】 42. C 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“(4) 4 out of 5 stars 4120 customer reviews(（4）4星中的5星 4120条顾客评价)” 可知，这款产品的评分达到4.0分（满分5分），且拥有4120条顾客评价，足以说明它非常受欢迎。故选C。 【示例2】 Travelling by rail holds a romantic and old-fashioned appeal that can't be matched by flying or driving. By taking the slow route, you get to experience and interact with an area in a completely different way. 4THE ROYAL SCOTSMAN Highlights: Possibly the most expensive train journey in the world. You’ll be treated like a member of the monarchy (王室). Superb cuisine, fine wines and carriages (火车客车厢) that look like rooms at Balmoral Castle await those willing to part with a minimum of £2350 per person for a two-night trip. 2．Ella, who’d like to experience first-rate service and taste excellent food on the train, is most likely to choose__________. A．The Rocky Mountaineer B．Eastern and Oriental Express C．The Ghan D．The Royal Scotsman 【答案】 2．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四条很棒的铁路旅行路线。 2．细节理解题。根据The Royal Scotsman部分“Superb cuisine, fine wines and carriages that look like rooms at Balmoral Castle await those willing to part with a minimum of £2350 per person for a two-night trip. (对于那些愿意为两晚之旅支付每人至少2350英镑的人来说，他们将享受到绝佳的美食、美酒和看起来像巴尔莫勒尔城堡房间的车厢。)”可知，Ella想在火车上体验一流的服务，品尝美味的食物，她最有可能选择皇家苏格兰人号列车。故选D。 【示例3】 Warnings Before you are treated with IZERVAY, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: ■ have a history of seeing flashes of light or small specks floating in your vision. ■ have high pressure in the eye or if you have glaucoma (青光眼). ■ are pregnant or breastfeeding, think you may be pregnant, or are planning to have a baby. ■ are taking any medications, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. 42. Mr. Johnson, aged 68, with Geographic Atrophy, takes several herbal supplements daily.　Before his first IZERVAY injection, what is the most important step he should take? A. Arrange for someone to accompany him to the clinic. B. Inform his doctor about all the herbal supplements he is taking. C. Closely monitor his vision for any new floaters or flashes of light. D. Stop taking his herbal supplements without doctors’ advice. 【答案】 42. B 细节理解题。根据Warnings部分“tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: (在接受IZERVAY治疗前，请告知你的医疗服务提供者你的所有健康状况，包括你是否存在以下情况)”以及“are taking any medications, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements (你正在服用的任何药物，包括处方药和非处方药、维生素和草药补充剂)”可知，Johnson在注射前应告知医生自己服用的草药补充剂。故选B项。 考向3 数据计算题 数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。 【示例1】 In 2016, psychologist Macnamara analyzed 33 studies. She looked at the relationship between intentional practice and athletic achievement. Intentional practice accounted for just 18 percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts, and it accounts for only 1 percent of the difference between top performers. In addition, top performers hadn’t started practicing their sport earlier in their childhoods. They had begun about the same time as other students who were not as successful. This suggests that other factors, like natural talent, personality and life history, also play a role in becoming an expert. 38. Macnamara’s 2016 studies show that among expert players intentional practice makes up ________ of the performance gap. A. 1% B. 18% C. 82% D. 99% 【答案】 38. B 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In 2016, psychologist Macnamara analyzed 33 studies. She looked at the relationship between intentional practice and athletic achievement. Intentional practice accounted for just 18 percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts, and it accounts for only 1 percent of the difference between top performers.(2016年，心理学家麦克纳马拉分析了33项研究。她研究了有目的的练习和运动成绩之间的关系。有目的的练习在普通运动员和专家之间的运动成绩差异中只占18%，在顶尖运动员之间的差异中只占1%。)”可知，麦克纳马拉2016年的研究表明，在专家运动员中，有目的的练习在表现差距中占18%。故选B。 【示例2】 So far, the world has relied on wood, oil, coal, and natural gas to produce energy for heating, lighting, transportation, and manufacturing. Since the 1950s, world consumption has been increasing persistently. In the year 2000, 80 percent of commercial energy was generated from the combustion of fossil fuels, and every day, 50 million barrels of oil are reined (支配) and converted to gasoline and other fuels. In addition to the rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels, the consequences of high consumption rates are pollution and global warming. 64. How long has the world been in high speed of burning fossil fuel for energy? A. For half a century. B. For nearly sixty years. C. For over 70 years. D. For more than a century. 【答案】 64. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据该段“So far, the world has relied on wood, oil, coal, and natural gas to produce energy for heating, lighting, transportation, and manufacturing. Since the 1950s, world consumption has been increasing persistently. In the year 2000, 80 percent of commercial energy was generated from the combustion of fossil fuels, ... (到目前为止，世界依靠木材、石油、煤炭和天然气来生产用于取暖、照明、运输和制造业的能源。 20世纪50年代以来，世界消费持续增长。2000年，80%的商业能源来自化石燃料的燃烧，…)”可知，fossil fuels((煤、石油、天燃气等矿物燃料)自 20世纪50年代以来被高速消耗，至今应有70多年了。故选C项。 【示例3】 Geology, the study of the structure and formation of the Earth, is the baby of all the other sciences. Until comparatively recently, scholars paid little attention to rocks and rock formations. Indeed, the word geology only appeared in the English language in 1735 and took another seventy or so years to enter general usage. Geology made its first appearance in the Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书) in the 1810 edition. Despite this inclusion, the science of geology remained largely ignored until much later in the century. 1．When did the word “geology” start to be commonly used in the English language? A．In 1735. B．In 1810. C．Around 1805. D．Around 1895. 【答案】1．C 1．细节理解题。根据第一段 “Indeed, the word geology only appeared in the English language in 1735 and took another seventy or so years to enter general usage. (“地质学” 这个词在 1735 年出现在英语中，又过了大约 70 年才被普遍使用。)”可知，1735 年加上 70 年左右，大约是 1805 年，“地质学” 一词开始在英语中普遍使用。故选 C。 考向4 排列顺序题 排序题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。近几年高考英语题中，这类试题出现较少，但也需要引起学生注意。 【示例1】 Hunt organizer Long Ray contacted two experienced cavers — Nathan Bill and Andy Miles. They arrived hours later and widened the entrance. By 1:30 a.m., Sunday, ten hours after BuzzMan disappeared, they entered the cave. The passage was so narrow that they were forced to crawl with only headlamp for light. After 30 meters, they eventually reached a tight crawl space. Miles, at 1.7 meters and 104 kilograms, is a strong man. No way could he fit through that hole. By 3:30 a.m., they returned. On Sunday afternoon, smaller volunteers were called in. At 5:00 p.m., four new cavers — two men and two women — entered the cave. They were experienced and loved everything about cave adventure except for one thing — cave flood. “If it rains,” Miles says, “The cave will kill people.” That night’s forecast: rain. The team made their way through the narrow space. On the other side of it was a stream. They had to crawl and swim through cold water, facing the threat of low body temperature. An hour later, one of the men, Kevin Robin, found a large room. He scanned the floor with his headlamp and then up the 4-meter-high walls. And there was BuzzMan, standing on a narrow edge and nervously staring at the stranger. Robin gently attached a belt, helped the dog down, and cast a light on him. BuzzMan immediately headed toward the entrance. 37. According to the passage, which of the following shows the correct order of the rescue? ① Miles was stopped due to a narrow hole. ② The rescuers advanced in the cold stream. ③ Kevin Robin discovered BuzzMan. ④ Nathan Bill and Andy Miles entered the cave. ⑤ A team of four cavers was gathered. A. ④⑤②①③ B. ⑤②①④③ C. ②④①②③ D. ④①⑤②③ 【答案】37. D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“By 1:30 a.m., Sunday, ten hours after BuzzMan disappeared, they entered the cave. The passage was so narrow that they were forced to crawl with only headlamp for light. After 30 meters, they eventually reached a tight crawl space. Miles, at 1.7 meters and 104 kilograms, is a strong man. No way could he fit through that hole. (周日凌晨一点半，也就是BuzzMan失踪十小时后，他们进入了洞穴。通道太窄了，他们只能靠头灯照明。走了30米后，他们终于到达了一个狭窄的爬行空间。Miles身高1.7米，体重104公斤，是个强壮的人。他不可能穿过那个洞。)”、第三段“On Sunday afternoon, smaller volunteers were called in. At 5:00 p.m., four new cavers—two men and two women — entered the cave.(周日下午，规模较小的志愿者被召集起来。下午5点，四名新的洞穴探险者——两男两女——进入了洞穴。)”以及第四段“The team made their way through the narrow space. On the other side of it was a stream. They had to crawl and swim through cold water, facing the threat of low body temperature. An hour later, one of the men, Kevin Robin, found a large room. He scanned the floor with his headlamp and then up the 4 - meter - high walls. And there was BuzzMan, standing on a narrow edge and nervously staring at the stranger. (队员们穿过了狭窄的空间。河的另一边是一条小溪。他们不得不在冰冷的水中爬行和游泳，面临着低体温的威胁。一个小时后，其中一个男人，Kevin Robin，找到了一个大房间。他用头灯扫视了一下地面，然后朝4米高的墙壁往上看。BuzzMan站在一个狭窄的边缘，紧张地盯着这个陌生人。)”可知，救援顺序为：Nathan Bill和Andy Miles进入洞穴（④）→ Miles因洞口狭窄受阻（①）→ 四名洞穴探险者被召集（⑤）→ 救援队员在冰冷溪流中前行（②）→ Kevin Robin 发现BuzzMan（③）。故选D。 【示例2】 A rare 765-year-old gold coin found on farm land in Devon in south-west England is expected to sell for up to half a million pounds at auction. It is believed that the coin was made more than 750 years ago, during the rule of the English King Henry III. It is one of only eight known to exist. Featuring a picture of King Henry III on one side and a cross and roses on the other, the coin is around 2.5 centimetres across. It was made with gold that came from north Africa. It was found in September last year by a detectorist (someone who looks for items buried underground using a metal detector) in Hemyock village. The detectorist had no idea how rare the coin was until he posted a photo of it on social media, where it was spotted by a history expert. The coin is especially valuable because it was one of England’s first gold coins. The country’s coins were made of silver until King Henry III, who ruled from 1216 until his death in 1272, introduced gold ones with his picture on them. 56. The correct order of the events that happened is . ①The value of the coin was confirmed. ②A coin was unearthed in the field. ③The coin was on display at the British Museum. ④The coin was intended for sale. ⑤The coin caught the attention of a history expert. A. ①③②④ B. ②⑤①④ C. ②①⑤④③ D. ④②①③⑤ 【答案】56. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了在英格兰西南部德文郡的农田里发现的一枚有765年历史的罕见金币，预计将在拍卖会上以50万英镑的价格售出。该金币是英国最早的金币之一，极具价值。因为这个金币不是偷来的或者违法的东西，发现者可以拥有他。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A rare 765-year-old gold coin found on farm land in Devon in south-west England is expected to sell for up to half a million pounds at auction. (在英格兰西南部德文郡的农田里发现的一枚有765年历史的罕见金币，预计将在拍卖会上以50万英镑的价格售出。)”；第二段中“The detectorist had no idea how rare the coin was until he posted a photo of it on social media, where it was spotted by a history expert.(这位侦探不知道这枚硬币有多罕见，直到他在社交媒体上发布了一张它的照片，被一位历史专家发现。)”以及倒数第二段中“The coin is especially valuable because it was one of England’s first gold coins. (这枚硬币特别珍贵，因为它是英国最早的金币之一。)”可知，正确顺序为该金币被发现，侦探将该硬币的图片放到网上，受到历史学家的关注，历史学家确认了该枚硬币的价值，它是英国最早的金币之一，该没金币当前将在拍卖会上以50万英镑的价格售出。。故选B。 考点二 考查阅读理解词义猜测 知●识●解●构 知识点1 单词词义猜测 上下文猜词义。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。可利用下列方法： (1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。 (2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语，对上文的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。 (3)根据构词法进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以加前缀或后缀构成一个新词，如果掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。 (4)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。 (5)根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等可知上下句存在转折关系，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 （6）根据举例推测词义。有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。 【典例】（2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） Austin first tried to paddle a kayak (皮划艇), but it took on too much water in the bad weather, so he had to abandon it. About two hours later, he took off his life jacket. “I was depleted, but I could hardly feel the tiredness,” he said. “I just kept on swimming — doing breaststroke, freestyle, and even survival backstroke.”37. The underlined word “depleted” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. A. cheered up B. blown away C. calmed down D. burned out 【答案】 37. D 词句猜测题。根据第三段中““I was depleted, but I could hardly feel the tiredness,” he said. “I just kept on swimming — doing breaststroke, freestyle, and even survival backstroke.” After swimming 4 km to shore in the fading light, the teenager ran another 2 km to his family’s hotel.(他说：“我depleted，却几乎感受不到疲惫。我只能一直往前游 —— 蛙泳、自由泳，甚至还用上了求生仰泳。”天色渐暗时，他游完4公里抵达岸边，又跑了2公里赶到家人入住的酒店。)”可知，为救家人，奥斯汀游了很远的距离，感到筋疲力尽，仍继续坚持。此处depleted意为“筋疲力尽的”，与burned out意思相近。故选D。 【典例】（2025~2026学年普陀区二模） When the team combined their findings with existing measurements of the Greenland ice sheet, they found the total annual loss of ice since 2003 reached about 264bn tonnes — roughly 30m tonnes every hour. The new data show an increase of 43bn tonnes a year compared with earlier estimates, or about 20% more than previously thought. The implications, scientists warn, are alarming. 38. The underlined word “implications” in the 3rd paragraph refers to ______. A. the new measurements of the Greenland ice sheet B. the consequences of faster Greenland ice loss C. the methods used to analyze satellite data D. the warnings from scientists about climate change 【答案】 38. B 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“When the team combined their findings with existing measurements of the Greenland ice sheet, they found the total annual loss of ice since 2003 reached about 264bn tonnes-roughly 30m tonnes every hour. The new data show an increase of 43bn tonnes a year compared with earlier estimates, or about 20% more than previously thought.( 当研究团队将他们的研究成果与格陵兰冰盖现有的测量数据相结合后，他们发现自2003年以来格陵兰冰层每年的总消融量达到了约 2640 亿吨——大约每小时 3000 万吨。新的数据表明，与之前的估计相比，每年的冰量增加量为 430 亿吨，即比之前认为的多出约 20%)”可知，第三段先给出惊人的冰流失数据：每年流失2640亿吨，比之前估计多 20%，紧接着说“…scientists warn, are alarming(科学家们警告说，这种implications令人担忧)”，下文随即展开介绍冰盖融化对全球气候的严重后果。由此可知，implications 在此语境中意为“可能的影响、后果”。B选项the consequences of faster Greenland ice loss“格陵兰冰川加速融化所带来的后果”符合语境。故选B项。 知识点2 短语意思猜测 因果互推法猜词义。一些由两个或多个单词组成的短语，其含义可能不是各个单词意思的简单相加。比如，“a far - cry from” 这个短语在句子中的意思需要结合上下文来理解，可能是 “与…… 大不相同” 的意思，而不是从字面理解的 “从远处哭泣”。 【典例】（2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） On the first day, I immediately felt out of place. The laboratory was full of shiny instruments I had only ever seen in textbooks. My teacher handed me a tube and asked me to set up a reaction I had never done before. I stayed in the lab until midnight, afraid of being left behind. 36. The underlined phrase out of place in Para. 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. indifferent B. amazed C. relieved D. incompetent 【答案】36. D 【36题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“The laboratory was full of shiny instruments I had only ever seen in textbooks. My teacher handed me a tube and asked me to set up a reaction I had never done before.(实验室里摆满了闪闪发光的仪器，这些仪器我只在教科书里见过。老师递给我一个试管，让我进行一个我之前从未做过过的化学反应实验)”可知，仪器陌生、实验不会做，感到力不从心，说明格格不入。故划线词意思是“格格不入的”。故选D。 【典例】（2025~2026学年静安区二模） Time, over a long train journey, becomes somewhat flexible. The effect in that environment — always fixed, always moving — can become something like a sustained coincidence. You’re searching for a familiar sweater in your compartment when you glance out the window to find a distant temple with a round dome. You order your usual drink at a bar as blue lightning flashes across the grassland. ________. 37. Which of the following, if inserted into the blank, would best illustrate the idea of “a sustained coincidence” described in the passage? A. Lying on a bed reading, you look up to see eight camels marching over a sand hill. B. Checking the dining car menu, you find your preferred sandwich is sold out. C. Asking an attendant for a blanket, you’re told they’re first-class only. D. Stretching your legs in the corridor, you see the train pull into an unfamiliar station. 【答案】 37. A 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Time, over a long train journey, becomes somewhat flexible. The effect in that environment — always fixed, always moving — can become something like a sustained coincidence.(在漫长的火车旅行中，时间变得有些灵活。在这种总是固定又总是移动的环境中，效果可能会变成一种持续的巧合。)”可知，空白处需要填入一个能体现“持续巧合”的场景。A选项“Lying on a bed reading, you look up to see eight camels marching over a sand hill.(躺在床上看书，你抬头看到八只骆驼正越过一座沙丘。)”符合这种持续巧合的描述，即原本在看书，不经意间抬头看到意外的场景。故选A。 知识点3 句子意思猜测 意义吻合推句意。句意猜测要求通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。具体技巧如下： (1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。对于需要猜测句意的情形，首先要理解句子的前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理，最后再进行归纳总结，得出答案。 (2)一般来说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已。 【典例】（2025~2026学年崇明区二模） In relatively short order, cavalry units made the difference in battle. Those nations that had horses won wars; those that didn’t tried to get them. In many ways, these conflicts created the world we have today. Alexander extended the boundaries of his empire — and Greek culture — through Persia, India and beyond because of the success of his cavalry. Moorish invaders brought math and science to Europe. 38. What does the author imply by “Those nations that had horses won wars; those that didn’t tried to get them.” in paragraph 6? A. Horses were in greater demand than other military equipment. B. Horses became so valuable that every nation wanted them. C. Nations defeated in wars usually gave up getting horses. D. Nations without horses had no chance of winning wars. 【答案】 38. B 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“In relatively short order, cavalry units made the difference in battle. Those nations that had horses won wars; those that didn’t tried to get them. In many ways, these conflicts created the world we have today.(在相对较短的时间内，骑兵部队在战斗中发挥了关键作用。那些拥有马匹的国家赢得了战争；那些没有马匹的国家则试图获得它们。在许多方面，这些冲突创造了我们今天的世界。)”可知，有马的国家赢得了战争，没有马的国家则试图获得它们，这表明马变得非常有价值，每个国家都想要它们。故选B。 【典例】（2025~2026学年松江区二模） My anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life. Running taught me how to show up and lead. It was on a run, about three months in, struggling up a hill, that a clear thought broke through the mental noise: “I am doing something hard, and I am okay.” My body, which had felt like the root of my failure (too tired, too weak, too anxious), became the root of my strength. 38. The sentence “Running taught me how to show up and lead.” in paragraph 5 indicates that ______. A. I figured out how to show up on the running track B. running taught me to let the body naturally lead the soul C. I discovered how to take control of my life through running D. running helped me stop being passive and start leading others 【答案】38. C 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段前文“My anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life. (焦虑让我在自己的生活中成为一个被动的乘客)”以及后文“I am doing something hard, and I am okay. (我正在做一件难事，而且我很好)”可知，跑步让作者从被动的生活状态转变为主动掌控的状态。划线句表明跑步教会了作者如何掌控自己的生活。故选C项。 知识点4 代词指代意思 就近原则找指代。猜测代替词的指代内容，要求判断代词(it, one, they, this, that, these, those, which等)或助动词(do, does, did 等)具体替代什么。可按以下三步进行：返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子→将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。 【典例】（2025~2026学年长宁区一模） Your brain, from early life to old age We’re born helpless and foolish. As we mature, experience and schooling teach us useful things, and we get woke. Then, year by year, we slip back into mental weakness. That’s the picture most of us have of intelligence. Unfortunately, it’s stupid. Research reveals that each period of cognitive (认知的) development offers learning strategies as well as balances between opposing strategies. It is that combination of “aha” (when expressing sudden insight)and “duh”(when showing evident stupidity in learning) that actually makes humans truly intelligent. It, in other words, shapes the way we learn, think, judge, find and solve problems. 40. The word “It” in paragraph 1 most probably refers to ________. A. humans’ ongoing brain science research B. the mix of intelligence and unintelligence C. the common understanding of intelligence D. humans’ ability to make sensible judgements 【答案】40. B 词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“That’s the picture most of us have of intelligence. Unfortunately, it’s stupid. Research reveals that each period of cognitive (认知的) development offers learning strategies as well as balances between opposing strategies. It is that combination of “aha” (when expressing sudden insight)and “duh”(when showing evident stupidity in learning) that actually makes humans truly intelligent.(这是我们大多数人对智力的看法。不幸的是，这很愚蠢。研究表明，每个认知发展阶段都提供了学习策略，以及相反策略之间的平衡。正是这种“啊哈”（表达突然的领悟时）和“呃”（在学习中表现出明显的愚蠢时）的结合，才真正使人类变得聪明。)”可知，前文提到大多数人对智力的看法是愚蠢的，接着说研究揭示了认知发展阶段的特点，而真正使人类聪明的是“啊哈”和“呃”的结合，也就是智力和看似愚蠢的这种混合，所以“It”指代的是“the mix of intelligence and unintelligence”。故选B项。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查单词词义猜测题 解答单词词义猜测题，需定位原文中该生词所在句及上下文，借助语境逻辑推断含义。常利用同义、反义关系，举例解释，因果、转折等连词，以及构词法、定义句辅助判断。无需死记词汇，重点分析句间联系与作者的解释说明，答案多为上下文语义的同义替换或概括。该题型考查语境理解能力，选项需贴合句子实际表意，不可脱离原文主观臆断。 【示例1】 Preserved by the region’s arid climate, the Yanghai saddle offers rich insights into early horse-riding technology and the society that created it. Its two wing-shaped hides, filled with a mixture of straw, deer hair, and camel hair, were sewn together along the outer edges and separated by a section without stuffing (known as the gullet), which eased the pressure on the horse’s spine. 41. The underlined word “wing-shaped” in the description of the saddle (paragraph 7) most likely refers to the hides being ________. A. shaped like wings to help the horse run faster B. sewn together without any stuffing in the middle C. filled with a mixture of different animal hairs D. shaped to curve upwards on either side of the horse’s spine 【答案】 41. D 词句猜测题。根据第七段“Its two wing-shaped hides, filled with a mixture of straw, deer hair, and camel hair, were sewn together along the outer edges and separated by a section without stuffing (known as the gullet), which eased the pressure on the horse’s spine.(它的两个wing-shaped外层覆盖物内填充着稻草、鹿毛和骆驼毛的混合物，边缘处缝合相连，中间留有一块无填充物的区域（称为鞍槽），以此减轻对马脊柱的压力)”可知，两片翼状兽皮填充草料和兽毛，边缘缝合，中间无填充物的部位（鞍槽）可减轻对马脊柱的压力。由此推断，“wing-shaped”（翼状）指兽皮的形状是在马脊柱两侧向上弯曲，类似翅膀的形态。故选D。 【示例2】 Growing up in the 80s as a child with lots of siblings, I played in the street until dark or until we were called for dinner. We had an amazing community of neighbours. However, one elderly neighbour hated us. Every time the football went into her garden, she would confiscate it – and then pop the ball. When she collected over 20 deflated footballs, she would take them down to the police station and complain. To her, at least, free and active children were a pest and a disgrace. 56. What does the underlined word “confiscate” in Paragraph 1 mean in the context? A. Collect something as a hobby B. Take something away as a punishment C. Destroy something due to being annoyed D. Remove and make something disappear 【答案】56. B 【56题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“When she collected over 20 deflated footballs, she would take them down to the police station and complain.”（ 当她收集了20多个瘪气的足球时，她会把它们带到警察局抱怨。）可知，每次足球进入她的花园，她都会没收足球。所以划线词的意思是“拿走某物作为惩罚”。故选B项。 考向2 考查短语意思猜测题 短语意思猜测题需锁定短语所在段落，分析短语与前后句的逻辑关系。常通过同义转述、对比例证、上下文解释来确定含义，关注连接词、标点符号及段落主旨。短语义多服务于句子和段落中心，不会偏离主题，答案通常是短语在语境中的实际功能或同义转述，需结合语境整体理解，不可按单词字面意思简单组合。 【示例1】 In one popular clip, Judge Caprio tossed out a speeding charge against a 96-year-old man after learning that he had been driving his son to cancer treatment. “You really are what America is all about,” Judge Caprio told the man. “Here you are in your 90s, and you’re still taking care of your family. That’s just a wonderful thing.” 37. The underlined phrase “toss out” (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to “_________”. A. beat B. fight C. reduce D. withdraw 【答案】 37. D 词句猜测题。根据第四段“In one popular clip, Judge Caprio tossed out a speeding charge against a 96-year-old man after learning that he had been driving his son to cancer treatment. (在一个受欢迎的视频片段中，卡普里奥法官在得知一名96岁老人开车送儿子去接受癌症治疗后，tossed out对他的超速指控。)”可知，卡普里奥法官得知原因后，应是撤销了对老人的超速指控，故toss out在此处意为“撤销”，与withdraw意思相近。故选D。 【示例2】 A notable highlight of the show was the real confidence of the singing. Sam Hall was a joy to watch, with perfect comic timing, as was Emma Williams, thoroughly believable and convincing in her role. These two young talents stole the show, in my opinion. The only disadvantage is appointments were the dancing, which showed a lack of originality, and the opening scene, which fell a little flat. Despite the occasional technical flaws, this was a highly enjoyable and greatly impressive production, which the company should be proud of. 11．The underlined phrase “ stole the show ” most probably means______. A．disappointed the producer B．ruined the whole performance C．attracted the most attention D．exhibited excessive confidence 【答案】11．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要是对一场表演、一个作家以及一部剧集的评价。 11．词句猜测题。根据第一部分“Sam Hall was a joy to watch, with perfect comic timing, as was Emma Williams, thoroughly believable and convincing in her role.(山姆·霍尔是一种观看的乐趣，有着完美的喜剧时机，艾玛·威廉姆斯也是如此，她在她的角色中完全可信和令人信服)”可知，这两个年轻人因为其表演吸引了最多的注意，故画线词意思是“吸引了最多的注意”。故选C。 考向3 考查句子意思猜测题 句子猜测题要先理解原句结构与语气，再结合段落主旨、上下文语境推断句意。重点关注句子在文中的作用：观点句、过渡句、结论句等，借助逻辑词、情感词判断语气与含义。句子含义常与段落中心一致，选项多为原句同义改写、简化或深层概括，需准确把握作者意图，避免断章取义。 【示例1】 When I was seven, my father drove our old car to the edge of a cliff in California. The salt mist from the Pacific fogged the windshield. He pointed to the horizon and said, “This is where the world ends.” I believed him. The gray water seemed endless, blending sea and sky. Sea birds circled, their cries lost in the wind. I held the seat tightly, fearing the cliff would collapse. For weeks, I dreamt of falling, not a terrifying dive, but a gentle drift into the ocean’s embrace. 36. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph refers to a particular place where _________. A. people enjoy the circling sea birds B. the boy underwent a terrifying falling C. the sea and sky mix into one far away D. the father parked to let the boy feel the mist 【答案】36. C 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“He pointed to the horizon and said, “This is where the world ends.” I believed him. The gray water seemed endless, blending sea and sky.(他指向天际说：“This is where the world ends.”我信了他的话。灰色的海水望不到边，海天融为一体。)”可知，This is where the world ends指的是海和天在远处融为一体的地方。故选C。 【示例2】 We met for dinner, perhaps two hours, and rarely had I felt at ease with other humans as I did with him. We talked and talked. About who we were then. Who we are now. And what made us the jerks (混蛋) we were then. We acknowledged that if not for each other, and the circles of good people we ran with back then, the good friends who kept us reasonably on track and in check, life could have easily gone south for either of us. Each of us recalled things the other had no memory of. Fragments of memories, scattered yet precious. We know we were tight then, and we value that friendship and shared experience still today. 38. What does the author imply by saying “life could have easily gone south for either of us”? A. They could have easily been off the track in life. B. They might have settled down in the southern region. C. Their friendship could have easily turned sour. D. They could have faced financial difficulties. 【答案】 38. A 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“We acknowledged that if not for each other, and the circles of good people we ran with back then, the good friends who kept us reasonably on track and in check, (我们承认，如果不是彼此，以及当年我们相处的那些良师益友圈子，那些好朋友让我们保持在相对正确的轨道上)”可推知，划线句表达我们的生活很可能早已偏离正轨，与A项“他们本可以轻而易举地偏离人生轨道”意义相近。故选A项。 考向4 考查代词指代内容 代词指代题需向前文查找指代对象，多为名词、名词短语或前文提到的事、物、观点。遵循就近原则，优先看代词前一句或本句，结合单复数、性别、逻辑匹配对象。答案通常是前文出现的核心概念或具体信息，需保证代入后语句通顺、逻辑一致，考查快速定位信息与理解句间指代关系的能力。 【示例1】 What’s wrong with being an amateur? While reading a recently published report saying “many people who attend plays are themselves involved in a form of amateur drama”, August Schulenburg of the Flux Theatre Ensemble questioned the divide between amateurs and professional artists. One reason for the barrier, he suggests, is fear. “When professional arts organizations perceive their value under threat, they must draw rigid lines to protect it. Amateurs are pushed aside out of fear that they will somehow endanger the professional brands.” 32．What do the two underlined pronouns “they” respectively refer to? A．rigid lines; professional brands B．amateurs; professional arts organizations C．professional brands; rigid lines D．professional arts organizations; amateurs 【答案】32．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，Flux剧团的August Schulenburg在阅读最近发表的一份报告时表示，“许多观看戏剧的人自己也参与了某种形式的业余戏剧”，他对业余艺术家和专业艺术家之间的分歧提出了质疑。 32．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“When professional arts organizations perceive their value under threat(当专业艺术机构意识到自己的价值受到威胁时)”可知，第一个they指代的是professional arts organizations； 根据第二段的“Amateurs are pushed aside(业余爱好者被排挤到一边)”可知，第二个they指代的是amateurs。故选D。 【示例2】 Successful works of writing succeed for different reasons-a distinctive voice, moving storytelling, an empowering message, etc. Writers don’t make the achievement randomly: they earn it by crafting every plot point and character, every line break, with care and precision. It’s up to you to pay attention to these craft elements, the choices the writer makes and how they contribute to the work as a whole. 58. What does the underlined pronoun “it” refer to? A. Care and precision in writing B. Recognition of works as success C. Investigation of writing style D. Character analysis through words 【答案】 58. B 【58题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Successful works of writing succeed for different reasons-a distinctive voice, moving storytelling, an empowering message, etc. Writers don’t make the achievement randomly(成功的作品之所以成功，各有其原因——独特的声音、感人的叙事、鼓舞人心的信息等等。作家们的成就并非偶然得来)”可知，划线词表示的是“作品被认可为成功”，故选B项。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 高考真题 Passage1 【来源】2025 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） Andreas Schleicher sat down quietly toward the back of the room, trying not to attract attention. He did this sometimes, wandering into classes he had no intention of taking. It was the mid-1980s, and he was studying physics at the University of Hamburg, one of Germany’s leading universities. In his free time, however, he slipped into lectures the way other people watched television. This class was taught by Thomas Neville Postlethwaite, who called himself an “educational scientist.” Schleicher found the title curious. Schleicher’s father was an education professor at the university and had always talked about education as a kind of mysterious art. “You cannot measure what matters in education — the human qualities,” his father liked to say. From what Schleicher could tell, there was nothing scientific about education, which was why he preferred physics. But this British fellow whose last name he could not pronounce seemed to think the other way around. Postlethwaite was part of a new group of researchers who were trying to analyze a soft subject in a hard way, much like a physicist might study education if he could. Schleicher listened carefully to the debate about statistics and sampling. In his mind, he started imagining what might happen if one really could compare what kids knew around the world, while controlling for factors like race or poverty in the analysis. He found himself raising his hand and joining the discussion. In Schleicher’s experience, German schools had not been as exceptional as German educators seemed to think. As a boy, he’d felt bored much of the time and earned ordinary grades. But, as a teenager, several teachers had encouraged his fascination with science and numbers, and his grades had improved. In high school, he’d won a national science prize, which meant he was more or less guaranteed a well-paying job in a private company after college. That was exactly what he’d planned to do, until he stepped into Postlethwaite’s lecture. At the end of class, the professor asked Schleicher to stay behind. He could tell that there was something different about this young man. “Would you like to help me with this research?” Schleicher stared back at him, shocked. “I know nothing about education.” “Oh, that doesn’t matter,” Postlethwaite said, smiling. After that, the two men began to team up, eventually creating the first international reading test, a test that measured reading ability globally. 4．Which of the following is true of Schleicher in his university years? A．He benefited from watching TV. B．He often debated with his classmates. C．He dropped in at different lectures. D．He felt dissatisfied with his grades. 5．What can be learned about Schleicher’s father from the passage? A．He measured human qualities in a hard way. B．He had conflicting ideas with Postlethwaite. C．He considered education both art and science. D．He had a preference for physics over education. 6．What does the word “That” (para.5) probably refer to? A．Obtaining a decent job. B．Winning a national prize. C．Joining heated discussions. D．Designing a reading test. 7．Why was Schleicher different in Postlethwaite’s eyes? A．He was recommended by his high school teachers. B．He had the potential for quantitative educational research. C．He had good academic records during his school years. D．He was influenced by his father’s research approach. 【答案】4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。 文章主要讲述了Andreas Schleicher在大学期间偶然进入教育科学领域，并最终与教授合作创建了第一个国际阅读测试的故事。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段“In his free time, however, he slipped into lectures the way other people watched television. (然而，在他的空闲时间，他像其他人看电视一样溜进课堂听讲座。)”可知，Schleicher在大学期间经常溜进不同的课堂听讲座。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Schleicher’s father was an education professor at the university and had always talked about education as a kind of mysterious art. ‘You cannot measure what matters in education — the human qualities,’ his father liked to say. From what Schleicher could tell, there was nothing scientific about education, which was why he preferred physics. But this British fellow whose last name he could not pronounce seemed to think the other way around. (Schleicher的父亲是这所大学的教育学教授，他一直把教育视为一种神秘的艺术。‘你无法衡量教育中重要的事情——人的品质，’他的父亲喜欢这样说。据Schleicher所知，教育没有什么科学可言，这就是他更喜欢物理的原因。但是这位他连姓都念不出来的英国人似乎却有相反的想法。)”可知，Schleicher的父亲认为教育是艺术，无法衡量，而Postlethwaite则试图用科学的方法分析教育，由此可推知，Schleicher的父亲与Postlethwaite的想法有冲突。故选B项。 6．词句猜测题。根据第五段“In high school, he’d won a national science prize, which meant he was more or less guaranteed a well-paying job in a private company after college. That was exactly what he’d planned to do, until he stepped into Postlethwaite’s lecture. (高中时，他获得了全国科学奖，这意味着他大学毕业后或多或少能在一家私营公司找到一份高薪工作。这正是他原本的计划，直到他走进了Postlethwaite的课堂。)”可知，That指代上文提到的“在一家私营公司找到一份高薪工作”，即获得一份体面的工作。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据第三段“Schleicher’s father was an education professor at the university and had always talked about education as a kind of mysterious art. (Schleicher的父亲是这所大学的教育学教授，他一直把教育视为一种神秘的艺术。)”以及后文Schleicher与Postlethwaite教授合作，共同创建了第一个国际阅读测试，用科学的方法分析教育，可推知，Schleicher受父亲研究方法的影响，对教育有独特的思考，这种思考方式在Postlethwaite教授眼中是与众不同的，所以认为他有潜力。D项“He was influenced by his father’s research approach.（他受到父亲研究方法的影响。）”符合题意。A项“他被高中老师推荐了”，C项“他在学校期间学习成绩很好”，文章均未提及；根据第三段“From what Schleicher could tell, there was nothing scientific about education, which was why he preferred physics. (据Schleicher所知，教育没有什么科学可言，这就是他更喜欢物理的原因。)”可知，Schleicher原本对教育科学并不感兴趣，所以B项“他有进行量化教育研究的潜力”不是教授认为他与众不同的原因。故选D项。 Passage 2 【来源】2025 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） The Louis Department of Education (LDOE)’s AI integration framework (框架) is a comprehensive, responsible approach to maximizing AI’s benefits. Adopting a continuous cycle of exploration and improvement, it empowers schools to adopt AI responsibly while prioritizing student safety and future readiness. The framework aims to create a sustainable environment that improves teaching, learning, and outcomes through research, policy, community involvement, and ongoing evaluation. Purpose & Research: This component stresses setting clear goals for AI integration. It involves researching evidence-based practices, assessing AI’s benefits and challenges, and identifying tools in line with the city’s educational objectives to ensure purposeful and informed application. Evaluation & Monitoring:     This component centers on assessing the impact of AI application in educational settings. It involves tracking student progress, measuring the effectiveness of AI tools and resources, and identifying areas for improvement. Regular monitoring ensures that AI initiatives are in line with educational goals and adapt to the changing needs of students and educators. Engage Stakeholders:     Recognizing that AI integration impacts various key participants, this component emphasizes active engagement and cooperation. Stakeholders like educators, administrators, students, parents, policymakers, and community members are involved in the process to gather different perspectives, address concerns, and build support for AI initiatives. This approach promotes trust, ownership, and joint responsibility in shaping the future of AI in education. Policy & Guidance:     This component addresses the need for clear guidelines and policies that govern AI’s responsible use in educational settings. It involves developing frameworks for data privacy, ensuring access to AI resources, and establishing standards for designing and using AI tools. Policy and guidance provide a structured approach to handling the complexities of AI integration and ensuring that it follows legal and educational principles. WJXSAT 8．What is the framework mainly intended to do? A．Encourage students to explore AI tools. B．Prepare schools for responsible AI use. C．Improve teaching by increasing AI use. D．Guarantee student safety with AI tools. 9．What does the component “Evaluation & Monitoring” focus on? A．Examining the effects of AI use. B．Monitoring students’ use of AI. C．Assessing student development in AI. D．Locating the weakness of AI tools. 10．A school in the city of Louis is planning to introduce an AI tool to help students with learning. The teacher in charge is looking for ways to avoid the misuse of students’ personal data. Which component should the teacher mainly refer to? A．Purpose & Research B．Policy & Guidance C．Engage Stakeholders D．Evaluation & Monitoring 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章详细阐述了路易斯教育部门（LDOE）的AI整合框架的四个主要组成部分及其目的和作用。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Adopting a continuous cycle of exploration and improvement, it empowers schools to adopt AI responsibly while prioritizing student safety and future readiness.(该框架采用持续的探索和改进周期，使学校能够在优先考虑学生安全和未来准备的同时，负责任地采用AI。)”可知，该框架的主要目的是使学校为负责任地使用AI做好准备。故选B项。 9．细节理解题。根据“Evaluation & Monitoring”部分“This component centers on assessing the impact of AI application in educational settings.(这一部分主要关注评估AI在教育环境中的应用影响。)”可知，“评估与监测”部分主要关注的是评估AI在教育环境中的应用影响，即，检查AI使用的影响。故选A项。 10．推理判断题。根据“Policy & Guidance”部分“This component addresses the need for clear guidelines and policies that govern AI’s responsible use in educational settings. It involves developing frameworks for data privacy, ensuring access to AI resources, and establishing standards for designing and using AI tools.(这一部分解决了制定明确的指导方针和政策的需求，以规范AI在教育环境中的负责任使用。它涉及制定数据隐私框架，确保获得AI资源，以及为设计和使用AI工具建立标准。)”可知，如果一个学校计划引入AI工具来帮助学生，而负责的老师正在寻找避免学生个人数据被滥用方法，那么老师应该主要参考“政策与指导”部分，因为它涉及制定数据隐私框架。故选B项。 题组二 最新名校模拟试题 Passage1 【来源】上海上海中学2025-2026学年高三下学期3月阶段练习英语试卷 For as long as I can remember, I’ve been extremely conscious of myself — how others perceive and judge me. If you’ve ever taken a psychology class, the term “spotlight effect” may ring a bell. I lived under the imagined spotlight for years, constantly worried about my perceived intellect and looks. If I made a wrong comment in class, I would think about the moment for days. A single spot on my face would make me want to lock myself home and never face humanity again. Growing up with social media increased the pressure to be perfect. I’ve spent embarrassing amounts of screen time on Instagram, zooming into each of my posts to see if I looked cool, fun or pretty enough. My anxious thoughts took over my life. As I entered college, countless times I passed by an ad detailing an exciting event or job. However, I would grab these flyers only to let them gather dust. The lack of initiative was not due to laziness but fear of scrutiny. Without a familiar face, club meetings felt like an opportunity ripe for embarrassment. I knew I’d be placing myself among strangers, directly under their gaze. I came to realize the extent to which my unfounded fear of judgment burdened me. If I’m reluctant to try new things, how can I experience my surroundings to their fullest? The spotlight effect is also a narrowing effect, limiting the vision you have of your possibilities because of social pressures. A close friend once told me how he stepped out — he simply decided not to care about what others thought of him. His decision to live for himself confused me. I couldn’t imagine a world where I wasn’t constantly changing myself to meet others’ expectations or tirelessly trying to satisfy someone else in every relationship. But eventually I took his advice — I vowed to live in a carefree way without fear of others’ attention. I allowed myself to work out at the gym during peak time, go to professors’ office hours and joined new clubs. Rest assured, I still fought with social pressures, asking myself, “What if they notice when I mix up my words while talking?” To all those who may sympathize with that thought, I’ll ask you this: when have you ever torn someone to pieces over a simple pronunciation mistake? So I adopted a new motto for myself — no one truly cares. And the world didn’t explode and I’ve never once regretted being outside my comfort zone. I found myself applying for internships, making new friends and feeling less restrained by the self-imposed boundaries and more appreciative for my potential and abilities. I still hesitate before speaking up, have to give myself a pep talk before a group conversation. Changing your mindset and habits is probably one of the hardest cycles to break. But as the new year begins, I promise you all that it is never that deep. Just remember: ________. 1．According to the passage, the term “spotlight effect” can be best defined as ________. A．the tendency to judge others based on their intelligence and appearance B．the pressure to present a perfect self-image to capture public attention C．the limitation to one’s potential and abilities caused by fear of judgment D．the feeling that one is constantly being noticed and evaluated by others 2．The highlighted word “scrutiny” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A．sharp criticism B．great uncertainty C．careful examination D．deep shame 3．What can we learn about the author from the passage? A．She used to prioritize others’ needs and expectations in her relationships. B．She believed that social media was the major cause of her social anxiety. C．She has successfully overcome her anxiety caused by social pressures. D．She thought she should have stepped outside her comfort zone earlier. 4．What piece of advice is the author most likely to offer to readers at the end of the passage? A．Seek friends’ help when you suffer from self-doubt. B．Stop being too self-conscious and live for yourself. C．Be brave to tap your potential and try new things. D．Seize the day and make your life more meaningful. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者长期受聚光灯效应困扰，过度在意他人评价，陷入社交焦虑。受朋友启发后，她努力放下顾虑、走出舒适区，逐渐摆脱心理束缚，学会为自己而活。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“For as long as I can remember, I’ve been extremely conscious of myself — how others perceive and judge me. If you’ve ever taken a psychology class, the term “spotlight effect” may ring a bell. I lived under the imagined spotlight for years, constantly worried about my perceived intellect and looks.( 从我记事起，我就一直非常在意自己——在意他人对我的看法和评价。如果你曾经上过心理学课，可能会对“聚光灯效应”这个词有所耳闻。多年来，我一直生活在想象中的聚光灯下，时刻担心自己在别人眼中的聪明程度和外貌状况。)”可推知，术语“聚光灯效应”最恰当的定义是总觉得自己时刻被他人注意、审视和评价，这是一种过度的自我关注。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Without a familiar face, club meetings felt like an opportunity ripe for embarrassment. I knew I’d be placing myself among strangers, directly under their gaze.( 没有熟悉的面孔在场，社团会议就像一个容易让人尴尬的机会。我知道自己将置身于陌生人之中，直接处于他们的注视之下。)”由此可知，划线单词scrutiny与后文的 gaze（注视）呼应，意为仔细的审视、观察。C选项careful examination“仔细的审查”符合语境。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“I couldn’t imagine a world where I wasn’t constantly changing myself to meet others’ expectations or tirelessly trying to satisfy someone else in every relationship.( 我无法想象一个我从未为了迎合他人的期望而不断改变自己，或者在每段关系中都竭力满足他人期望的世界。)”可知，，作者过去总是改变自己迎合他人，在人际关系中优先满足别人的需求和期待。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第六段中“I vowed to live in a carefree way without fear of others’ attention. I allowed myself to work out at the gym during peak time, go to professors’ office hours and joined new clubs. Rest assured, I still fought with social pressures, asking myself, “What if they notice when I mix up my words while talking?” To all those who may sympathize with that thought, I’ll ask you this: when have you ever torn someone to pieces over a simple pronunciation mistake? So I adopted a new motto for myself — no one truly cares.( 我发誓要以一种无忧无虑的方式生活，不再害怕他人的关注。我允许自己在高峰时段去健身房锻炼，参加教授的办公时间，加入新的俱乐部。请放心，我仍然与社会压力作斗争，问自己：“如果我在说话时把词弄混了，他们会注意到吗？” 对于那些可能有这种想法的人，我要问你们：你们什么时候因为一个简单的发音错误而把某人痛骂一顿的呢？所以我给自己定了一个新的座右铭——没有人真的在乎。)”可知，全文围绕“过度自我意识、害怕他人评价”展开，作者的核心转变就是不再在意别人的眼光，为自己而活，这也是她想传递给读者的核心建议。故选B项。 Passage 2 【来源】上海外国语大学附属外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试题 Unlock the Power of Computer Programming Learning a new language opens a wealth of opportunities. But there’s one language family that provides benefits like no other: the languages of computer programming. Programming is a fun, creative and learnable skill that gives you unrivaled problem-solving power you can apply in the digital realm and the physical world. These 24 engaging and information-rich half-hour lessons use one of the world’s most popular computer languages, Python, as a gateway to the universe of programming. Taught by Professor John Keyser of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Texas A&M University, one of the top-ranked computer science programs in the country, this course assumes no prior background in computer science, and is so clear, carefully paced, and comprehensive that it will appeal to both beginners and experienced programmers. Offer expires 12/25/2023 THEGREATCOURSES.COM/9TME 1-800-832-2412 How to Program: Computer Science Concepts and Python Exercises Course no.915 24 lectures (30 minutes/lecture) SAVE $190 DVD $269.95  NOW $79.95 +$10 shipping, Processing, and Lifetime Satisfaction Guarantee Priority Code: 130968 For over 25 years, The Great Courses has brought the world’s foremost educators to millions who want to go deeper into the subjects that matter most. No exam. No homework. Just a world of knowledge available anytime, anywhere. Download or stream to your laptop or PC, or use our free mobile apps for iPad, iPhone, or Android. Over 550 courses available at www.The Great Courses.com. 5．How much should you pay if you want to buy a DVD of How to Program home on 12/30/2023? A．$190. B．$279.95. C．$79.95. D．$89.95. 6．Which of the following is NOT true according to the text? A．The lectures given in this DVD last 12 hours in total. B．There are exams and homework at the end of each lecture. C．You are open to the fun of computer programming through the lectures. D．You will have no difficulty following the lectures if you are new to programming. 7．Where can you most probably find this information? A．A leaflet of a science museum. B．A textbook on computer science. C．An autobiography of a tech giant. D．A magazine about science and technology. 【答案】5．B 6．B 7．D 【导语】本文是一篇编程课程的推广广告，介绍一款Python编程课程的内容、讲师、优惠价格和购买方式。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据表格前文“Offer expires 12/25/2023(优惠活动于2023年12月25日截止)”和表格中的“DVD $269.95 NOW $79.95(DVD原价269.95美元，优惠价79.95美元)”、“+$10 shipping, Processing, and Lifetime Satisfaction Guarantee(另需支付 10 美元的运费和处理费，并享受终身满意度保证)”可知，12月30日已经过了优惠期，需要按照原价支付DVD费用加上10美元相关费用，总费用为269.95+10=279.95美元。 6．细节理解题。根据表格中“No exam. No homework.(没有考试，没有作业)”可知，该课程并不设置考试和作业。 7．推理判断题。通读全文以及“Unlock the Power of Computer Programming(解锁计算机编程的力量)”可知，本文是关于Python编程学习课程的推广广告，内容和科技教育相关，最有可能出现在科技类杂志中。 Passage 3 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 A few years ago I went shopping with Alex for a new motorcycle. He didn’t have a particular model in mind. His only two criteria? A big engine, since too much horsepower is never enough, and since he’s tall, a relaxed riding position. I suggested a Hayabusa. Giggle-inducing power, comfortable bike. Or an XS-14R. Both were within his budget, especially the Hayabusa since the dealer was offering a $ 2,500 discount on a previous year’s model. He rode them both. Loved them both. Then he became fixated on a ZX-6R KRT. Great bike, sure. But a much smaller motor. And a riding position that made him look like a contorted praying mantis (螳螂). Seemed odd. Until it hit me. The purchase of any bike 750cc and under came with a free helmet. A 2017 study published in Marketing Science found that people tend to significantly overvalue “free”. When faced with a choice of selecting one of several available products or possibly buying nothing, people will choose the option with the highest cost-benefit difference. However, decisions about free (zero price) products differ, in that people do not simply subtract costs from benefits but instead perceive the benefits associated with free products as higher. Since my friend also wanted a new helmet, getting one for free was extremely — even irrationally — inviting. After all, the math didn’t work. We eventually negotiated $ 3,200 off the price of the Hayabusa, a price so good that I was tempted to buy it. The free helmet was only worth $ 250. So why would such a smart guy be so easily swayed? As the researchers write: A free product involves benefits and no costs, while a better product for any positive price involves both benefits and costs — it is possible that options that have only benefits create more positive effects compared with options that involve both benefits and costs. In short, free results in instinctive mental shortcuts. Zero is zero; what math do you need to do? Free doesn’t seem to require a cost / benefit analysis; what are the downsides of free? Free seemingly makes an otherwise thoughtful decision simple: “Sure, that might be a good deal but this is free!” Two months later my friend traded in his 6R for a 14R. The previous-year Hayabusa was long gone. But don’t think badly of him. We’ve all been blinded by the power of free. Free shipping on products for a cost that exceeds those savings. Free samples that make us feel the need to reciprocate (回报) the provider’s “generosity” by making a purchase. Free quotes that make us enter a sales funnel we struggle to escape. Whenever something is free, stop and consider the intent, and see “free” as a reason to do even more math. See “free” as a reason to go one step further in evaluating costs and benefits. 8．Why did Alex buy a ZX-6R KRT? A．Because he didn’t excel at math, calculation in particular. B．Because its price was brought down so he could afford it. C．Because he did some research before making the decision. D．Because he thought the motorbike with a giveaway was a good bargain. 9．How does zero-price effect cause smart people to make bad decisions? A．People choose the option with the greatest difference between benefit and cost. B．“Free” is so tempting that we stop being logical and thus end up with a bad deal. C．“Free” means there is no need to negotiate for a big discount on a product or service. D．If a product or service is priced zero, we don’t have to worry about its value. 10．What is NOT a typical example of giving in to this zero-price effect? A．Alice ended up buying a book she didn’t plan to read just to avail the free shipping offer. B．Johnson bought socks of unknown quality because they had a “buy one get one free” offer. C．Joe’s cost / benefit analysis didn’t cloud his judgement or blind him to price calculation faults. D．Teddy appreciated the shop assistant’s generosity and settled for anything but a best deal. 11．What might be the best title of the passage? A．The Worst Deal Ever Made B．When “Free” is Actually the Best Deal C．Paying Too Much When Paying Nothing D．Forget Doing the Math When Shopping 【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．C 【导语】短文借朋友选购摩托车的亲身经历，剖析零价效应如何使人因“免费”做出不理性消费。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But a much smaller motor. And a riding position that made him look like a contorted praying mantis (螳螂). Seemed odd. Until it hit me. The purchase of any bike 750cc and under came with a free helmet.(但这款车发动机小很多，骑行姿势别扭得像蜷缩的螳螂，十分反常。后来我恍然大悟：排量750cc及以下的摩托车购车赠送头盔)”以及第五段中的“Since my friend also wanted a new helmet, getting one for free was extremely-even irrationally-inviting.(我的朋友刚好也需要新头盔，免费头盔的吸引力强到让他失去理性)”可知，Alex认为附赠头盔的这款车很划算，因此选择它。 9．推理判断题。根据第八段“In short, free results in instinctive mental shortcuts. Zero is zero; what math do you need to do? Free doesn’t seem to require a cost / benefit analysis; what are the downsides of free?( 简而言之，“免费”会让人下意识走思维捷径。零成本就是零，哪里还需要精打细算？面对免费事物，人们似乎不会权衡利弊；免费背后又暗藏哪些弊端呢？)以及第九段“Free seemingly makes an otherwise thoughtful decision simple: “Sure, that might be a good deal but this is free!(“免费”会简化思考：那款车或许划算，但这款有赠品免费拿！)”可知，免费的诱惑会让人丧失逻辑判断，做出吃亏的选择。 10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“But don’t think badly of him. We’ve all been blinded by the power of free. Free shipping on products for a cost that exceeds those savings. Free samples that make us feel the need to reciprocate (回报) the provider’s “generosity” by making a purchase. Free quotes that make us enter a sales funnel we struggle to escape.(但不必苛责他，所有人都会被“免费”蒙蔽：为免运费买下总价远超优惠的商品、试吃赠品后为回馈商家而消费、免费报价诱导我们陷入难以脱身的销售套路)”可知，屈服零价效应指被免费福利干扰理性判断。C选项“乔的成本收益分析没有蒙蔽他的判断，也没有让他忽视价格计算错误”是没有被零价格效应影响的表现，不符合题干要求。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第六段中的“The free helmet was only worth $ 250. So why would such a smart guy be so easily swayed?(免费头盔仅价值250美元，为何聪明人轻易被打动？)”与尾段“Whenever something is free, stop and consider the intent, and see “free” as a reason to do even more math.(遇到免费福利一定要停下来权衡，把免费当作仔细核算利弊的警示)”可知文章主要讲看似不花钱拿赠品，实则付出更高成本。所以C选项“免费之下，代价不菲”为最佳标题。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 阅读理解细节题、词义猜测题 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 细节理解题 知识解构 知识点1直接信息题 知识点2间接信息题 知识点3数字计算题 知识点4排列顺序题 考向破译 考向 01 考查直接信息题 考向02 考查间接信息题 考向 03 考查数字计算题 考向04 考查排列顺序题 考点二 词义猜测题 知识解构 知识点1推测单词词义 知识点2推测短语意思 知识点3推测句子意思 知识点4推测代词指代意思 考向破译 考向 01 考查单词词义猜测题 考向02 考查短语意思猜测题 考向 03 考查句子意思猜词题 考向04 考查代词指代意思题 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 近年上海高考阅读理解题细目表 高考年份 细节理解题号/数量 词义猜测题题号/数量 2023上海春考 56、60、61、66 (4) 57 (1) 2022上海春考 56、57、61、64、(4) 63 (1) 2021上海春考 57、58、59、60、62、64 (6) / 2020上海春考 56、58、60、61、62、63(6) / 2023上海秋考 56、57、60、61、66 （5） 63 (1) 2022上海秋考 56、57、60、61、66 （5） 63 (1) 2021上海秋考 58、60、（2） 63 (1) 2020上海秋考 56、57、64、65、(4) / 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 考查阅读理解细节内容 知●识●解●构 知识点1 直接信息题 题干定位直接破解直接信息题。细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作解释或判断，只要求他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息。 题干定位法 【典例】（2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Join Whole Foods Market as an Associate Retail Floor Lead! Whole Foods Market is committed to the well-being of our team members. From comprehensive health benefits to wellness programs, we ensure you the resources to live a healthy, balanced life. We’re a community of diverse, talented individuals coming together to make a positive impact on the world through food. If you become a Whole Foods Market Team Member, you have limitless opportunities to give back to the community. From participating in stores’ Community Giving Program all the way to flying across the world to help people in need, we empower you to make a meaningful impact. 40. Whole Foods Market promises its team members ______. A. support for maintaining overall well-being B. full medical coverage for all health needs C. guaranteed chances to make a global impact D. personal and professional success for everyone 【典例】（2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） An incredible find While deep in a virtual tour of an estate sale in the autumn of 2022, Clausen uncovered an old seafaring map: a centuries-old mariner’s chart. The chart, which the estate sale dated between 1500 and 1525, caught his eye. The estimated price, between 100,000 and 150,000, seemed fitting for a chart from the 16th century. But something didn’t quite fit. The map seemed older. 36. What made Clausen take special notice of the map? A. It was priced higher than other items. B. It seemed older than its listed date. C. It was highlighted in the virtual tour. D. It was mentioned in a historical article. 知识点2 间接信息题 同义互释破解间接信息题。间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息用同义或近义的语言形式复述出来。审读题干，提取关键信息→速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换(同义或近义词语)→逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。 同义互释法 【典例】（2025~2026学年松江区二模） Step 2: Recording Your Observations #1 Get yourself a notebook and a pencil. If you need a flashlight, place a red filter (过滤器) when the light shines through. Using a flashlight without doing this will ruin your night vision. #2 At the top, write down the name of the target star and then the guide stars. #3 Every night, record how bright your target star is compared to the guide stars. Write down the date and time as well. 40. We can learn about star observation from the passage that ______. A. guide stars should be chosen before a target star B. proper use of flashlights requires an extra device C. Supernovae are better observed with the naked eye D. drawing charts is aimed to compare the target stars 【典例】（2025~2026学年黄浦区二模） Late last spring I went through a period of some personal troubles and felt I was in need of spiritual assistance. I once heard that reading a sea-themed cartoon and lifting weights would cure you, but I had already tried both, and they did not. What I wanted was a book that could offer me advice about how to live the rest of my life forever meaningfully. I remembered then, that Baruch Spinoza was often considered among the few philosophers whose work offered genuine comfort. I had long wanted to read “The Ethics,” Spinoza’s masterwork, and thought it was finally time to be calmed by him. 36. I decided to read “The Ethics” in order to ________. A. find guidance for living a purposeful life B. improve my ability to read difficult books C. give those sea-themed cartoons another try D. understand Spinoza’s philosophy more deeply 知识点3 数字计算题 查读分析破解数字计算题。宙读题干，提取关键信息→速读定位原文中包含该信息的相关段落一进行推算，得出答案。这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。此类试题在文章中直接表现出事实细节，但要经过具体的计算才能得出正确答案。具体可以是对年代、月份、费用等计算。此类题目宜采用“查读分析法”，即先阅读题干，然后对文中相关的数字、时间、年代等作出标记，按照一定的规律分门别类地列出相关数字，然后进行简单的计算。 【典例】（2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） The Rialto Nature and Place Poetry Competition 2026 is inviting entries. This year’s competition for nature poetry will be judged by Ian McMillan. The competition is being run by The Rialto poetry journal in association with Birdlife International, Cambridge Conservation Initiative and The University of Leeds Poetry Center. Poems may be in any style or form, on any aspect of nature and place. There is a first prize of £1,000 and second and third prizes of £500 and £250. Poems may be up to 40 lines, and must be original and unpublished. Writers may enter up to six poems in one submission. The entry fee for the first poem in a submission is £7, and £4 for any subsequent poems in the same submission. 40. For The Rialto Nature and Place Poetry Competition 2026, if a writer submits 5 poems in one submission, the entry fee will be _______. A. £7. B. £20. C. £23. D. £35. 【典例】（2025~2026学年长宁区一模） In 2016, psychologist Macnamara analyzed 33 studies. She looked at the relationship between intentional practice and athletic achievement. Intentional practice accounted for just 18 percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts, and it accounts for only 1 percent of the difference between top performers. In addition, top performers hadn’t started practicing their sport earlier in their childhoods. They had begun about the same time as other students who were not as successful. This suggests that other factors, like natural talent, personality and life history, also play a role in becoming an expert. 38. Macnamara’s 2016 studies show that among expert players intentional practice makes up ________ of the performance gap. A. 1% B. 18% C. 82% D. 99% 知识点4 排列顺序题 首尾排除破解细节排序题。审读题干和四个选项的内容→利用首属，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围→如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，进一步缩小范用;如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。做此类试题时可采用“首尾排除法”， 即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情，使用排除法迅速缩小范围，从而快速选出正确选项；也可使用“代入淘汰法”按顺序逐一排除，得出正确选项。 【典例】（2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） Hunt organizer Long Ray contacted two experienced cavers — Nathan Bill and Andy Miles. They arrived hours later and widened the entrance. By 1:30 a.m., Sunday, ten hours after BuzzMan disappeared, they entered the cave. The passage was so narrow that they were forced to crawl with only headlamp for light. After 30 meters, they eventually reached a tight crawl space. Miles, at 1.7 meters and 104 kilograms, is a strong man. No way could he fit through that hole. By 3:30 a.m., they returned. On Sunday afternoon, smaller volunteers were called in. At 5:00 p.m., four new cavers — two men and two women — entered the cave. They were experienced and loved everything about cave adventure except for one thing — cave flood. “If it rains,” Miles says, “The cave will kill people.” That night’s forecast: rain. The team made their way through the narrow space. On the other side of it was a stream. They had to crawl and swim through cold water, facing the threat of low body temperature. An hour later, one of the men, Kevin Robin, found a large room. He scanned the floor with his headlamp and then up the 4-meter-high walls. And there was BuzzMan, standing on a narrow edge and nervously staring at the stranger. Robin gently attached a belt, helped the dog down, and cast a light on him. BuzzMan immediately headed toward the entrance. 37. According to the passage, which of the following shows the correct order of the rescue? ① Miles was stopped due to a narrow hole. ② The rescuers advanced in the cold stream. ③ Kevin Robin discovered BuzzMan. ④ Nathan Bill and Andy Miles entered the cave. ⑤ A team of four cavers was gathered. A. ④⑤②①③ B. ⑤②①④③ C. ②④①②③ D. ④①⑤②③ 考●向●破●译 考向1 直接信息题 对于直接信息题，可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在原文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。也就是说，命题者设置的题目比较直接，理解字面意思即可作答。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体，大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。备选项有下列特征：1. 是原文的再现；2. 是原文的改写；3. 是原文的简化。 【示例1】 What is the true worth of a human life? Are all lives equally valuable? My struggle with these serious questions ultimately shaped my core beliefs. After a major tragedy years ago, I faced the difficult task of setting compensation amounts (补偿金) for every victim lost. The law required me to assign higher values to professionals like financial managers than to waiters, police officers, firefighters, or soldiers. This practice occurs daily in courtrooms nationwide. Our legal system traditionally links compensation for death directly to each victim’s financial standing — their lost earning power. 38. According to the author, what does the law use as the basis for setting compensation amounts for victims? A. The victim’s moral worth. B. The family’s emotional pain. C. The victim’s professional title. D. The victim’s earning ability. 【示例2】 The band, which calls itself Infinity, first performed its work at the 2022 Pittsburgh Schizophrenia Conference in November. All four band members are diagnosed with schizophrenia, a mental disorder that can cause people to interpret reality in abnormal ways, which can cause many kinds of disordered thinking. 56. What is special about the band Infinity? A. All the members were professional. B. It performed for people with schizophrenia. C. All the members have mental disorders. D. It formed and gave its first performance in 2022. 【示例3】 According to some of the reviews, this is more than a typical self-help book. One Amazon review reads, “This is the rare book that will make you both smile and think — often on the same page.” It’s full of humor, insight and actual examples from Rubin’s year-long experiment. In an effort to reach her goal, she tested numerous theories on happiness. Going through philosophy, science, popular culture and more, the writer chose specific habits to examine and try to integrate into her lifestyle. Rubin’s book is divided into 12 chapters, each highlighting a different month and specific area of focus. In chapters one through 11, each new focus or category includes three or four things to work on. For example, the first chapter begins with January and the importance of getting more physical and mental energy. The corresponding goals consist of getting better sleep and exercising more. Later chapters discuss topics such as the importance of making time for friends, play, your passions and more. Chapter 12 concentrates on pulling everything together and adopting all the new habits. At the end of her 12-month journey, Rubin concluded that small, daily changes had, in fact, resulted in a deeper sense of happiness. 2．Which of the following is a feature of The Happiness Project? A．It is organized by monthly challenges. B．It is written in a quite serious way. C．It provides detailed experimental data. D．It offers fun and wise real-life examples. 3．According to The Happiness Project, ____ contributes to greater physical and mental energy. A．enhancing rest and activity B．adopting a strict habit tracker C．scheduling weekly social hours D．pursuing creative outlets daily 考向2 间接信息题 间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，因为其答案选项的表述通常不是使用文章的原话，而是使用与文中同义或近义的词语来表达。考生需对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进一步推理鉴别；做这类题目时，学生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对学生来说有一定难度。 【示例1】 Product info: Comfy Cozy Wrap Around Blanket $36.99 By Comfy Cozy (4) 4 out of 5 stars 4120 customer reviews Stay warm this winter with the Comfy Cozy Wrap Around Blanket! It’s a blanket that wraps around you and stays comfortable with the magnetic enclosures. The blanket comes in different materials and colors. Choose the material you like based on how warm you’d like to be! 42. What do we know about this product? A. It is undesirable. B. It is made from recycled items. C. It is very popular. D. It is environmentally friendly. 【示例2】 Travelling by rail holds a romantic and old-fashioned appeal that can't be matched by flying or driving. By taking the slow route, you get to experience and interact with an area in a completely different way. 4THE ROYAL SCOTSMAN Highlights: Possibly the most expensive train journey in the world. You’ll be treated like a member of the monarchy (王室). Superb cuisine, fine wines and carriages (火车客车厢) that look like rooms at Balmoral Castle await those willing to part with a minimum of £2350 per person for a two-night trip. 2．Ella, who’d like to experience first-rate service and taste excellent food on the train, is most likely to choose__________. A．The Rocky Mountaineer B．Eastern and Oriental Express C．The Ghan D．The Royal Scotsman 【示例3】 Warnings Before you are treated with IZERVAY, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: ■ have a history of seeing flashes of light or small specks floating in your vision. ■ have high pressure in the eye or if you have glaucoma (青光眼). ■ are pregnant or breastfeeding, think you may be pregnant, or are planning to have a baby. ■ are taking any medications, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. 42. Mr. Johnson, aged 68, with Geographic Atrophy, takes several herbal supplements daily.　Before his first IZERVAY injection, what is the most important step he should take? A. Arrange for someone to accompany him to the clinic. B. Inform his doctor about all the herbal supplements he is taking. C. Closely monitor his vision for any new floaters or flashes of light. D. Stop taking his herbal supplements without doctors’ advice. 考向3 数据计算题 数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。 【示例1】 In 2016, psychologist Macnamara analyzed 33 studies. She looked at the relationship between intentional practice and athletic achievement. Intentional practice accounted for just 18 percent of the difference in sports performance between average players and experts, and it accounts for only 1 percent of the difference between top performers. In addition, top performers hadn’t started practicing their sport earlier in their childhoods. They had begun about the same time as other students who were not as successful. This suggests that other factors, like natural talent, personality and life history, also play a role in becoming an expert. 38. Macnamara’s 2016 studies show that among expert players intentional practice makes up ________ of the performance gap. A. 1% B. 18% C. 82% D. 99% 【示例2】 So far, the world has relied on wood, oil, coal, and natural gas to produce energy for heating, lighting, transportation, and manufacturing. Since the 1950s, world consumption has been increasing persistently. In the year 2000, 80 percent of commercial energy was generated from the combustion of fossil fuels, and every day, 50 million barrels of oil are reined (支配) and converted to gasoline and other fuels. In addition to the rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels, the consequences of high consumption rates are pollution and global warming. 64. How long has the world been in high speed of burning fossil fuel for energy? A. For half a century. B. For nearly sixty years. C. For over 70 years. D. For more than a century. 【示例3】 Geology, the study of the structure and formation of the Earth, is the baby of all the other sciences. Until comparatively recently, scholars paid little attention to rocks and rock formations. Indeed, the word geology only appeared in the English language in 1735 and took another seventy or so years to enter general usage. Geology made its first appearance in the Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书) in the 1810 edition. Despite this inclusion, the science of geology remained largely ignored until much later in the century. 1．When did the word “geology” start to be commonly used in the English language? A．In 1735. B．In 1810. C．Around 1805. D．Around 1895. 考向4 排列顺序题 排序题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。近几年高考英语题中，这类试题出现较少，但也需要引起学生注意。 【示例1】 Hunt organizer Long Ray contacted two experienced cavers — Nathan Bill and Andy Miles. They arrived hours later and widened the entrance. By 1:30 a.m., Sunday, ten hours after BuzzMan disappeared, they entered the cave. The passage was so narrow that they were forced to crawl with only headlamp for light. After 30 meters, they eventually reached a tight crawl space. Miles, at 1.7 meters and 104 kilograms, is a strong man. No way could he fit through that hole. By 3:30 a.m., they returned. On Sunday afternoon, smaller volunteers were called in. At 5:00 p.m., four new cavers — two men and two women — entered the cave. They were experienced and loved everything about cave adventure except for one thing — cave flood. “If it rains,” Miles says, “The cave will kill people.” That night’s forecast: rain. The team made their way through the narrow space. On the other side of it was a stream. They had to crawl and swim through cold water, facing the threat of low body temperature. An hour later, one of the men, Kevin Robin, found a large room. He scanned the floor with his headlamp and then up the 4-meter-high walls. And there was BuzzMan, standing on a narrow edge and nervously staring at the stranger. Robin gently attached a belt, helped the dog down, and cast a light on him. BuzzMan immediately headed toward the entrance. 37. According to the passage, which of the following shows the correct order of the rescue? ① Miles was stopped due to a narrow hole. ② The rescuers advanced in the cold stream. ③ Kevin Robin discovered BuzzMan. ④ Nathan Bill and Andy Miles entered the cave. ⑤ A team of four cavers was gathered. A. ④⑤②①③ B. ⑤②①④③ C. ②④①②③ D. ④①⑤②③ 【示例2】 A rare 765-year-old gold coin found on farm land in Devon in south-west England is expected to sell for up to half a million pounds at auction. It is believed that the coin was made more than 750 years ago, during the rule of the English King Henry III. It is one of only eight known to exist. Featuring a picture of King Henry III on one side and a cross and roses on the other, the coin is around 2.5 centimetres across. It was made with gold that came from north Africa. It was found in September last year by a detectorist (someone who looks for items buried underground using a metal detector) in Hemyock village. The detectorist had no idea how rare the coin was until he posted a photo of it on social media, where it was spotted by a history expert. The coin is especially valuable because it was one of England’s first gold coins. The country’s coins were made of silver until King Henry III, who ruled from 1216 until his death in 1272, introduced gold ones with his picture on them. 56. The correct order of the events that happened is . ①The value of the coin was confirmed. ②A coin was unearthed in the field. ③The coin was on display at the British Museum. ④The coin was intended for sale. ⑤The coin caught the attention of a history expert. A. ①③②④ B. ②⑤①④ C. ②①⑤④③ D. ④②①③⑤ 考点二 考查阅读理解词义猜测 知●识●解●构 知识点1 单词词义猜测 上下文猜词义。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。可利用下列方法： (1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。 (2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语，对上文的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。 (3)根据构词法进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以加前缀或后缀构成一个新词，如果掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。 (4)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。 (5)根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等可知上下句存在转折关系，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 （6）根据举例推测词义。有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。 【典例】（2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） Austin first tried to paddle a kayak (皮划艇), but it took on too much water in the bad weather, so he had to abandon it. About two hours later, he took off his life jacket. “I was depleted, but I could hardly feel the tiredness,” he said. “I just kept on swimming — doing breaststroke, freestyle, and even survival backstroke.”37. The underlined word “depleted” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. A. cheered up B. blown away C. calmed down D. burned out 【典例】（2025~2026学年普陀区二模） When the team combined their findings with existing measurements of the Greenland ice sheet, they found the total annual loss of ice since 2003 reached about 264bn tonnes — roughly 30m tonnes every hour. The new data show an increase of 43bn tonnes a year compared with earlier estimates, or about 20% more than previously thought. The implications, scientists warn, are alarming. 38. The underlined word “implications” in the 3rd paragraph refers to ______. A. the new measurements of the Greenland ice sheet B. the consequences of faster Greenland ice loss C. the methods used to analyze satellite data D. the warnings from scientists about climate change 知识点2 短语意思猜测 因果互推法猜词义。一些由两个或多个单词组成的短语，其含义可能不是各个单词意思的简单相加。比如，“a far - cry from” 这个短语在句子中的意思需要结合上下文来理解，可能是 “与…… 大不相同” 的意思，而不是从字面理解的 “从远处哭泣”。 【典例】（2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） On the first day, I immediately felt out of place. The laboratory was full of shiny instruments I had only ever seen in textbooks. My teacher handed me a tube and asked me to set up a reaction I had never done before. I stayed in the lab until midnight, afraid of being left behind. 36. The underlined phrase out of place in Para. 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. indifferent B. amazed C. relieved D. incompetent 【典例】（2025~2026学年静安区二模） Time, over a long train journey, becomes somewhat flexible. The effect in that environment — always fixed, always moving — can become something like a sustained coincidence. You’re searching for a familiar sweater in your compartment when you glance out the window to find a distant temple with a round dome. You order your usual drink at a bar as blue lightning flashes across the grassland. ________. 37. Which of the following, if inserted into the blank, would best illustrate the idea of “a sustained coincidence” described in the passage? A. Lying on a bed reading, you look up to see eight camels marching over a sand hill. B. Checking the dining car menu, you find your preferred sandwich is sold out. C. Asking an attendant for a blanket, you’re told they’re first-class only. D. Stretching your legs in the corridor, you see the train pull into an unfamiliar station. 知识点3 句子意思猜测 意义吻合推句意。句意猜测要求通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。具体技巧如下： (1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。对于需要猜测句意的情形，首先要理解句子的前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理，最后再进行归纳总结，得出答案。 (2)一般来说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已。 【典例】（2025~2026学年崇明区二模） In relatively short order, cavalry units made the difference in battle. Those nations that had horses won wars; those that didn’t tried to get them. In many ways, these conflicts created the world we have today. Alexander extended the boundaries of his empire — and Greek culture — through Persia, India and beyond because of the success of his cavalry. Moorish invaders brought math and science to Europe. 38. What does the author imply by “Those nations that had horses won wars; those that didn’t tried to get them.” in paragraph 6? A. Horses were in greater demand than other military equipment. B. Horses became so valuable that every nation wanted them. C. Nations defeated in wars usually gave up getting horses. D. Nations without horses had no chance of winning wars. 【典例】（2025~2026学年松江区二模） My anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life. Running taught me how to show up and lead. It was on a run, about three months in, struggling up a hill, that a clear thought broke through the mental noise: “I am doing something hard, and I am okay.” My body, which had felt like the root of my failure (too tired, too weak, too anxious), became the root of my strength. 38. The sentence “Running taught me how to show up and lead.” in paragraph 5 indicates that ______. A. I figured out how to show up on the running track B. running taught me to let the body naturally lead the soul C. I discovered how to take control of my life through running D. running helped me stop being passive and start leading others 知识点4 代词指代意思 就近原则找指代。猜测代替词的指代内容，要求判断代词(it, one, they, this, that, these, those, which等)或助动词(do, does, did 等)具体替代什么。可按以下三步进行：返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子→将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。 【典例】（2025~2026学年长宁区一模） Your brain, from early life to old age We’re born helpless and foolish. As we mature, experience and schooling teach us useful things, and we get woke. Then, year by year, we slip back into mental weakness. That’s the picture most of us have of intelligence. Unfortunately, it’s stupid. Research reveals that each period of cognitive (认知的) development offers learning strategies as well as balances between opposing strategies. It is that combination of “aha” (when expressing sudden insight)and “duh”(when showing evident stupidity in learning) that actually makes humans truly intelligent. It, in other words, shapes the way we learn, think, judge, find and solve problems. 40. The word “It” in paragraph 1 most probably refers to ________. A. humans’ ongoing brain science research B. the mix of intelligence and unintelligence C. the common understanding of intelligence D. humans’ ability to make sensible judgements 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查单词词义猜测题 解答单词词义猜测题，需定位原文中该生词所在句及上下文，借助语境逻辑推断含义。常利用同义、反义关系，举例解释，因果、转折等连词，以及构词法、定义句辅助判断。无需死记词汇，重点分析句间联系与作者的解释说明，答案多为上下文语义的同义替换或概括。该题型考查语境理解能力，选项需贴合句子实际表意，不可脱离原文主观臆断。 【示例1】 Preserved by the region’s arid climate, the Yanghai saddle offers rich insights into early horse-riding technology and the society that created it. Its two wing-shaped hides, filled with a mixture of straw, deer hair, and camel hair, were sewn together along the outer edges and separated by a section without stuffing (known as the gullet), which eased the pressure on the horse’s spine. 41. The underlined word “wing-shaped” in the description of the saddle (paragraph 7) most likely refers to the hides being ________. A. shaped like wings to help the horse run faster B. sewn together without any stuffing in the middle C. filled with a mixture of different animal hairs D. shaped to curve upwards on either side of the horse’s spine 【示例2】 Growing up in the 80s as a child with lots of siblings, I played in the street until dark or until we were called for dinner. We had an amazing community of neighbours. However, one elderly neighbour hated us. Every time the football went into her garden, she would confiscate it – and then pop the ball. When she collected over 20 deflated footballs, she would take them down to the police station and complain. To her, at least, free and active children were a pest and a disgrace. 56. What does the underlined word “confiscate” in Paragraph 1 mean in the context? A. Collect something as a hobby B. Take something away as a punishment C. Destroy something due to being annoyed D. Remove and make something disappear 考向2 考查短语意思猜测题 短语意思猜测题需锁定短语所在段落，分析短语与前后句的逻辑关系。常通过同义转述、对比例证、上下文解释来确定含义，关注连接词、标点符号及段落主旨。短语义多服务于句子和段落中心，不会偏离主题，答案通常是短语在语境中的实际功能或同义转述，需结合语境整体理解，不可按单词字面意思简单组合。 【示例1】 In one popular clip, Judge Caprio tossed out a speeding charge against a 96-year-old man after learning that he had been driving his son to cancer treatment. “You really are what America is all about,” Judge Caprio told the man. “Here you are in your 90s, and you’re still taking care of your family. That’s just a wonderful thing.” 37. The underlined phrase “toss out” (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to “_________”. A. beat B. fight C. reduce D. withdraw 【示例2】 A notable highlight of the show was the real confidence of the singing. Sam Hall was a joy to watch, with perfect comic timing, as was Emma Williams, thoroughly believable and convincing in her role. These two young talents stole the show, in my opinion. The only disadvantage is appointments were the dancing, which showed a lack of originality, and the opening scene, which fell a little flat. Despite the occasional technical flaws, this was a highly enjoyable and greatly impressive production, which the company should be proud of. 11．The underlined phrase “ stole the show ” most probably means______. A．disappointed the producer B．ruined the whole performance C．attracted the most attention D．exhibited excessive confidence 考向3 考查句子意思猜测题 句子猜测题要先理解原句结构与语气，再结合段落主旨、上下文语境推断句意。重点关注句子在文中的作用：观点句、过渡句、结论句等，借助逻辑词、情感词判断语气与含义。句子含义常与段落中心一致，选项多为原句同义改写、简化或深层概括，需准确把握作者意图，避免断章取义。 【示例1】 When I was seven, my father drove our old car to the edge of a cliff in California. The salt mist from the Pacific fogged the windshield. He pointed to the horizon and said, “This is where the world ends.” I believed him. The gray water seemed endless, blending sea and sky. Sea birds circled, their cries lost in the wind. I held the seat tightly, fearing the cliff would collapse. For weeks, I dreamt of falling, not a terrifying dive, but a gentle drift into the ocean’s embrace. 36. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph refers to a particular place where _________. A. people enjoy the circling sea birds B. the boy underwent a terrifying falling C. the sea and sky mix into one far away D. the father parked to let the boy feel the mist 【示例2】 We met for dinner, perhaps two hours, and rarely had I felt at ease with other humans as I did with him. We talked and talked. About who we were then. Who we are now. And what made us the jerks (混蛋) we were then. We acknowledged that if not for each other, and the circles of good people we ran with back then, the good friends who kept us reasonably on track and in check, life could have easily gone south for either of us. Each of us recalled things the other had no memory of. Fragments of memories, scattered yet precious. We know we were tight then, and we value that friendship and shared experience still today. 38. What does the author imply by saying “life could have easily gone south for either of us”? A. They could have easily been off the track in life. B. They might have settled down in the southern region. C. Their friendship could have easily turned sour. D. They could have faced financial difficulties. 考向4 考查代词指代内容 代词指代题需向前文查找指代对象，多为名词、名词短语或前文提到的事、物、观点。遵循就近原则，优先看代词前一句或本句，结合单复数、性别、逻辑匹配对象。答案通常是前文出现的核心概念或具体信息，需保证代入后语句通顺、逻辑一致，考查快速定位信息与理解句间指代关系的能力。 【示例1】 What’s wrong with being an amateur? While reading a recently published report saying “many people who attend plays are themselves involved in a form of amateur drama”, August Schulenburg of the Flux Theatre Ensemble questioned the divide between amateurs and professional artists. One reason for the barrier, he suggests, is fear. “When professional arts organizations perceive their value under threat, they must draw rigid lines to protect it. Amateurs are pushed aside out of fear that they will somehow endanger the professional brands.” 32．What do the two underlined pronouns “they” respectively refer to? A．rigid lines; professional brands B．amateurs; professional arts organizations C．professional brands; rigid lines D．professional arts organizations; amateurs 【示例2】 Successful works of writing succeed for different reasons-a distinctive voice, moving storytelling, an empowering message, etc. Writers don’t make the achievement randomly: they earn it by crafting every plot point and character, every line break, with care and precision. It’s up to you to pay attention to these craft elements, the choices the writer makes and how they contribute to the work as a whole. 58. What does the underlined pronoun “it” refer to? A. Care and precision in writing B. Recognition of works as success C. Investigation of writing style D. Character analysis through words 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 高考真题 Passage1 【来源】2025 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） Andreas Schleicher sat down quietly toward the back of the room, trying not to attract attention. He did this sometimes, wandering into classes he had no intention of taking. It was the mid-1980s, and he was studying physics at the University of Hamburg, one of Germany’s leading universities. In his free time, however, he slipped into lectures the way other people watched television. This class was taught by Thomas Neville Postlethwaite, who called himself an “educational scientist.” Schleicher found the title curious. Schleicher’s father was an education professor at the university and had always talked about education as a kind of mysterious art. “You cannot measure what matters in education — the human qualities,” his father liked to say. From what Schleicher could tell, there was nothing scientific about education, which was why he preferred physics. But this British fellow whose last name he could not pronounce seemed to think the other way around. Postlethwaite was part of a new group of researchers who were trying to analyze a soft subject in a hard way, much like a physicist might study education if he could. Schleicher listened carefully to the debate about statistics and sampling. In his mind, he started imagining what might happen if one really could compare what kids knew around the world, while controlling for factors like race or poverty in the analysis. He found himself raising his hand and joining the discussion. In Schleicher’s experience, German schools had not been as exceptional as German educators seemed to think. As a boy, he’d felt bored much of the time and earned ordinary grades. But, as a teenager, several teachers had encouraged his fascination with science and numbers, and his grades had improved. In high school, he’d won a national science prize, which meant he was more or less guaranteed a well-paying job in a private company after college. That was exactly what he’d planned to do, until he stepped into Postlethwaite’s lecture. At the end of class, the professor asked Schleicher to stay behind. He could tell that there was something different about this young man. “Would you like to help me with this research?” Schleicher stared back at him, shocked. “I know nothing about education.” “Oh, that doesn’t matter,” Postlethwaite said, smiling. After that, the two men began to team up, eventually creating the first international reading test, a test that measured reading ability globally. 4．Which of the following is true of Schleicher in his university years? A．He benefited from watching TV. B．He often debated with his classmates. C．He dropped in at different lectures. D．He felt dissatisfied with his grades. 5．What can be learned about Schleicher’s father from the passage? A．He measured human qualities in a hard way. B．He had conflicting ideas with Postlethwaite. C．He considered education both art and science. D．He had a preference for physics over education. 6．What does the word “That” (para.5) probably refer to? A．Obtaining a decent job. B．Winning a national prize. C．Joining heated discussions. D．Designing a reading test. 7．Why was Schleicher different in Postlethwaite’s eyes? A．He was recommended by his high school teachers. B．He had the potential for quantitative educational research. C．He had good academic records during his school years. D．He was influenced by his father’s research approach. Passage 2 【来源】2025 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） The Louis Department of Education (LDOE)’s AI integration framework (框架) is a comprehensive, responsible approach to maximizing AI’s benefits. Adopting a continuous cycle of exploration and improvement, it empowers schools to adopt AI responsibly while prioritizing student safety and future readiness. The framework aims to create a sustainable environment that improves teaching, learning, and outcomes through research, policy, community involvement, and ongoing evaluation. Purpose & Research: This component stresses setting clear goals for AI integration. It involves researching evidence-based practices, assessing AI’s benefits and challenges, and identifying tools in line with the city’s educational objectives to ensure purposeful and informed application. Evaluation & Monitoring:     This component centers on assessing the impact of AI application in educational settings. It involves tracking student progress, measuring the effectiveness of AI tools and resources, and identifying areas for improvement. Regular monitoring ensures that AI initiatives are in line with educational goals and adapt to the changing needs of students and educators. Engage Stakeholders:     Recognizing that AI integration impacts various key participants, this component emphasizes active engagement and cooperation. Stakeholders like educators, administrators, students, parents, policymakers, and community members are involved in the process to gather different perspectives, address concerns, and build support for AI initiatives. This approach promotes trust, ownership, and joint responsibility in shaping the future of AI in education. Policy & Guidance:     This component addresses the need for clear guidelines and policies that govern AI’s responsible use in educational settings. It involves developing frameworks for data privacy, ensuring access to AI resources, and establishing standards for designing and using AI tools. Policy and guidance provide a structured approach to handling the complexities of AI integration and ensuring that it follows legal and educational principles. WJXSAT 8．What is the framework mainly intended to do? A．Encourage students to explore AI tools. B．Prepare schools for responsible AI use. C．Improve teaching by increasing AI use. D．Guarantee student safety with AI tools. 9．What does the component “Evaluation & Monitoring” focus on? A．Examining the effects of AI use. B．Monitoring students’ use of AI. C．Assessing student development in AI. D．Locating the weakness of AI tools. 10．A school in the city of Louis is planning to introduce an AI tool to help students with learning. The teacher in charge is looking for ways to avoid the misuse of students’ personal data. Which component should the teacher mainly refer to? A．Purpose & Research B．Policy & Guidance C．Engage Stakeholders D．Evaluation & Monitoring 题组二 最新名校模拟试题 Passage1 【来源】上海上海中学2025-2026学年高三下学期3月阶段练习英语试卷 For as long as I can remember, I’ve been extremely conscious of myself — how others perceive and judge me. If you’ve ever taken a psychology class, the term “spotlight effect” may ring a bell. I lived under the imagined spotlight for years, constantly worried about my perceived intellect and looks. If I made a wrong comment in class, I would think about the moment for days. A single spot on my face would make me want to lock myself home and never face humanity again. Growing up with social media increased the pressure to be perfect. I’ve spent embarrassing amounts of screen time on Instagram, zooming into each of my posts to see if I looked cool, fun or pretty enough. My anxious thoughts took over my life. As I entered college, countless times I passed by an ad detailing an exciting event or job. However, I would grab these flyers only to let them gather dust. The lack of initiative was not due to laziness but fear of scrutiny. Without a familiar face, club meetings felt like an opportunity ripe for embarrassment. I knew I’d be placing myself among strangers, directly under their gaze. I came to realize the extent to which my unfounded fear of judgment burdened me. If I’m reluctant to try new things, how can I experience my surroundings to their fullest? The spotlight effect is also a narrowing effect, limiting the vision you have of your possibilities because of social pressures. A close friend once told me how he stepped out — he simply decided not to care about what others thought of him. His decision to live for himself confused me. I couldn’t imagine a world where I wasn’t constantly changing myself to meet others’ expectations or tirelessly trying to satisfy someone else in every relationship. But eventually I took his advice — I vowed to live in a carefree way without fear of others’ attention. I allowed myself to work out at the gym during peak time, go to professors’ office hours and joined new clubs. Rest assured, I still fought with social pressures, asking myself, “What if they notice when I mix up my words while talking?” To all those who may sympathize with that thought, I’ll ask you this: when have you ever torn someone to pieces over a simple pronunciation mistake? So I adopted a new motto for myself — no one truly cares. And the world didn’t explode and I’ve never once regretted being outside my comfort zone. I found myself applying for internships, making new friends and feeling less restrained by the self-imposed boundaries and more appreciative for my potential and abilities. I still hesitate before speaking up, have to give myself a pep talk before a group conversation. Changing your mindset and habits is probably one of the hardest cycles to break. But as the new year begins, I promise you all that it is never that deep. Just remember: ________. 1．According to the passage, the term “spotlight effect” can be best defined as ________. A．the tendency to judge others based on their intelligence and appearance B．the pressure to present a perfect self-image to capture public attention C．the limitation to one’s potential and abilities caused by fear of judgment D．the feeling that one is constantly being noticed and evaluated by others 2．The highlighted word “scrutiny” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A．sharp criticism B．great uncertainty C．careful examination D．deep shame 3．What can we learn about the author from the passage? A．She used to prioritize others’ needs and expectations in her relationships. B．She believed that social media was the major cause of her social anxiety. C．She has successfully overcome her anxiety caused by social pressures. D．She thought she should have stepped outside her comfort zone earlier. 4．What piece of advice is the author most likely to offer to readers at the end of the passage? A．Seek friends’ help when you suffer from self-doubt. B．Stop being too self-conscious and live for yourself. C．Be brave to tap your potential and try new things. D．Seize the day and make your life more meaningful. Passage 2 【来源】上海外国语大学附属外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试题 Unlock the Power of Computer Programming Learning a new language opens a wealth of opportunities. But there’s one language family that provides benefits like no other: the languages of computer programming. Programming is a fun, creative and learnable skill that gives you unrivaled problem-solving power you can apply in the digital realm and the physical world. These 24 engaging and information-rich half-hour lessons use one of the world’s most popular computer languages, Python, as a gateway to the universe of programming. Taught by Professor John Keyser of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Texas A&M University, one of the top-ranked computer science programs in the country, this course assumes no prior background in computer science, and is so clear, carefully paced, and comprehensive that it will appeal to both beginners and experienced programmers. Offer expires 12/25/2023 THEGREATCOURSES.COM/9TME 1-800-832-2412 How to Program: Computer Science Concepts and Python Exercises Course no.915 24 lectures (30 minutes/lecture) SAVE $190 DVD $269.95  NOW $79.95 +$10 shipping, Processing, and Lifetime Satisfaction Guarantee Priority Code: 130968 For over 25 years, The Great Courses has brought the world’s foremost educators to millions who want to go deeper into the subjects that matter most. No exam. No homework. Just a world of knowledge available anytime, anywhere. Download or stream to your laptop or PC, or use our free mobile apps for iPad, iPhone, or Android. Over 550 courses available at www.The Great Courses.com. 5．How much should you pay if you want to buy a DVD of How to Program home on 12/30/2023? A．$190. B．$279.95. C．$79.95. D．$89.95. 6．Which of the following is NOT true according to the text? A．The lectures given in this DVD last 12 hours in total. B．There are exams and homework at the end of each lecture. C．You are open to the fun of computer programming through the lectures. D．You will have no difficulty following the lectures if you are new to programming. 7．Where can you most probably find this information? A．A leaflet of a science museum. B．A textbook on computer science. C．An autobiography of a tech giant. D．A magazine about science and technology. Passage 3 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 A few years ago I went shopping with Alex for a new motorcycle. He didn’t have a particular model in mind. His only two criteria? A big engine, since too much horsepower is never enough, and since he’s tall, a relaxed riding position. I suggested a Hayabusa. Giggle-inducing power, comfortable bike. Or an XS-14R. Both were within his budget, especially the Hayabusa since the dealer was offering a $ 2,500 discount on a previous year’s model. He rode them both. Loved them both. Then he became fixated on a ZX-6R KRT. Great bike, sure. But a much smaller motor. And a riding position that made him look like a contorted praying mantis (螳螂). Seemed odd. Until it hit me. The purchase of any bike 750cc and under came with a free helmet. A 2017 study published in Marketing Science found that people tend to significantly overvalue “free”. When faced with a choice of selecting one of several available products or possibly buying nothing, people will choose the option with the highest cost-benefit difference. However, decisions about free (zero price) products differ, in that people do not simply subtract costs from benefits but instead perceive the benefits associated with free products as higher. Since my friend also wanted a new helmet, getting one for free was extremely — even irrationally — inviting. After all, the math didn’t work. We eventually negotiated $ 3,200 off the price of the Hayabusa, a price so good that I was tempted to buy it. The free helmet was only worth $ 250. So why would such a smart guy be so easily swayed? As the researchers write: A free product involves benefits and no costs, while a better product for any positive price involves both benefits and costs — it is possible that options that have only benefits create more positive effects compared with options that involve both benefits and costs. In short, free results in instinctive mental shortcuts. Zero is zero; what math do you need to do? Free doesn’t seem to require a cost / benefit analysis; what are the downsides of free? Free seemingly makes an otherwise thoughtful decision simple: “Sure, that might be a good deal but this is free!” Two months later my friend traded in his 6R for a 14R. The previous-year Hayabusa was long gone. But don’t think badly of him. We’ve all been blinded by the power of free. Free shipping on products for a cost that exceeds those savings. Free samples that make us feel the need to reciprocate (回报) the provider’s “generosity” by making a purchase. Free quotes that make us enter a sales funnel we struggle to escape. Whenever something is free, stop and consider the intent, and see “free” as a reason to do even more math. See “free” as a reason to go one step further in evaluating costs and benefits. 8．Why did Alex buy a ZX-6R KRT? A．Because he didn’t excel at math, calculation in particular. B．Because its price was brought down so he could afford it. C．Because he did some research before making the decision. D．Because he thought the motorbike with a giveaway was a good bargain. 9．How does zero-price effect cause smart people to make bad decisions? A．People choose the option with the greatest difference between benefit and cost. B．“Free” is so tempting that we stop being logical and thus end up with a bad deal. C．“Free” means there is no need to negotiate for a big discount on a product or service. D．If a product or service is priced zero, we don’t have to worry about its value. 10．What is NOT a typical example of giving in to this zero-price effect? A．Alice ended up buying a book she didn’t plan to read just to avail the free shipping offer. B．Johnson bought socks of unknown quality because they had a “buy one get one free” offer. C．Joe’s cost / benefit analysis didn’t cloud his judgement or blind him to price calculation faults. D．Teddy appreciated the shop assistant’s generosity and settled for anything but a best deal. 11．What might be the best title of the passage? A．The Worst Deal Ever Made B．When “Free” is Actually the Best Deal C．Paying Too Much When Paying Nothing D．Forget Doing the Math When Shopping 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $