Unit5语法(定语从句)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年冀教版英语八年级上册

该初中英语导学案以Unit5 Work education为主题，聚焦定语及定语从句核心语法，构建“基础入门-规则精讲-专项应用”的递进式学习路径，通过定义解析、关系代词辨析、课本例句分析等模块，帮助学生系统掌握定语的两种位置及that/who引导的定语从句用法。 亮点在于“语法规则-易错警示-多维练习”的一体化设计，通过单词适当形式填空、句子改写、汉译英等任务，训练学生语言能力，结合高频易错点分析培养思维品质。如“将简单句合并为定语从句”任务，引导学生在实践中深化语法理解，为教师实施单元复习提供针对性强、素养导向的教学支持。

Unit5 Work education语法讲解与练习 定语和定语从句语法精讲 一、核心语法：定语（基础入门） 1. 定语定义 用来修饰、限定名词/代词的成分叫作定语，中文翻译为“……的”。 2. 定语两种位置 （1）前置定语：单个形容词/名词/数词，放置在名词前方,是最基础的定语形式。 例：a hard-working student 一名勤奋的学生；a farm job 农活 （2）后置定语：短语/从句，放置在名词后方。 例：the girl on the farm（在农场的女孩）；the work that I do（我做的劳动工作） 二、核心语法：定语从句 1. 定语从句定义 用一个完整的简单句修饰前面的先行词（人/物），这个修饰性句子就是定语从句，整体翻译为“……的人/物/事”。 基础通用结构：先行词+关系代词+从句剩余部分 2. 本单元两大关系代词 （1）that 通用型关系代词，可指代人或物，在从句中可作主语或宾语，是八上最常用、最稳妥的关系代词。 例句1：This is the work that I learn. 解析：先行词work（物），that指代work，在从句中作宾语，可省略。 翻译：这就是我学到的劳动技能。 例句2:This is the book that I bought. 解析：先行词 book（物），that 指代 book，在从句中作宾语，可省略。 翻译：这就是我买的那本书。 例句3:This is the movie that I watched. 解析：先行词 movie（物），that 指代 movie，在从句中作宾语，可省略。 翻译：这就是我看过的那部电影。 （2）who 专用型关系代词，只能指代人，在从句中可作主语或宾语。 例句1：The students who work on the farm are happy. 解析：先行词students（人，复数），who指代students，在从句中作主语，从句谓语用复数原形。翻译：在农场劳动的学生们很开心。 例句2:The girls who help the old man are kind. 解析：先行词 girls（人，复数），who 指代 girls，在从句中作主语，从句谓语用复数原形。 翻译：帮助这位老人的女孩们很善良。 例句3:The boys who play basketball are energetic. 解析：先行词 boys（人，复数），who 指代 boys，在从句中作主语，从句谓语用复数原形。 翻译：打篮球的男孩们精力充沛。 3. 核心语法规则 1. 关系代词作从句主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数必须与先行词保持一致； 2. 关系代词作从句宾语时，可以直接省略，不影响句子语法和句意； 3. 定语从句紧跟对应的先行词，不能拆分、隔词修饰。 4. 课本同源例句+详细分析 例句1：I like the jobs that help me learn new skills. 翻译：我喜欢那些能帮我学习新技能的劳动工作。 成分分析：先行词jobs（复数事物），that作从句主语，因此从句谓语用原形help。 例句2：The girl who cleans the classroom is my deskmate. 翻译：打扫教室的那个女孩是我的同桌。 成分分析：先行词girl（单数人），who作从句主语，因此从句谓语用三单形式cleans。 5. 高频易错点（考试避坑） ❌ 错误：The people who is working hard are great. ✅ 正确：The people who are working hard are great.（先行词people为复数，从句谓语用复数） ❌ 错误：This is the thing who I need. ✅ 正确：This is the thing that I need.（指代事物只能用that，不能用who） 【配套专项练习】 题型一：单词适当形式填空 1. The boy who ________ (help) farmers on the farm is very kind. 2. This is a ________ (use) skill that we learn from work. 3. The workers that ________ (work) hard deserve praise. 4. I have a ________ (colour) experience that I will never forget. 5. The girl who ________ (clean) the garden every day is my sister. 6. These are the ________ (task) that we need to finish today. 7. He is a ________ (care) student who always does good work. 8. The farm that ________ (lie) near our school is very big. 9. We get much ________ (value) knowledge from labor work. 10. The teachers who ________ (guide) us are very patient. 11. This is the best way that ________ (help) to improve our life skills. 12. She has a ________ (meaning) weekend by doing farm work. 13. The tools that ________ (be) new are easy to use. 14. The boy who ________ (finish) his work early can rest now. 15. Labor education is a ________ (help) subject for students. 16. The plants that ________ (grow) well are watered every day. 17. I admire the people who ________ (stick) to hard work. 18. This is the book that ________ (teach) me working skills. 19. We have many ________ (wonder) moments in labor classes. 20. The man who ________ (lead) the team is very responsible. 题型二：单项选择 1. The people ___ are working on the farm are very tired but happy. A. who B. which C. where D. what 2. This is the skill ___ I learn from labor work. A. who B. that C. whose D. when 3. The girl ___ cleans the classroom every day ___ my classmate. A. who; is B. that; are C. which; is D. who; are 4. We love the activities ___ make our school life colorful. A. what B. who C. that D. where 5. He is a hard-working student ___ always finishes work on time. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 6. These are the vegetables ___ we grow on the school farm. A. that B. who C. what D. where 7. The teachers ___ help us with farm work ___ very kind. A. who; is B. that; are C. which; are D. whom; is 8. This is the best experience ___ I have ever had. A. who B. that C. which D. what 9. The boy ___ I met on the farm is very helpful. A. that B. which C. where D. when 10. Labor work is a great thing ___ teaches us to be independent. A. who B. what C. that D. where 11. The students ___ take part in labor classes ___ more confident. A. who; become B. that; becomes C. which; become D. who; becomes 12. I like the books ___ tell us the importance of hard work. A. who B. that C. what D. when 13. The worker ___ guides us is very experienced. A. which B. who C. where D. what 14. This is the job ___ I enjoy doing very much. A. that B. who C. whose D. when 15. The people ___ live a simple life are always happy. A. which B. that C. what D. where 题型三：句子改写（定语从句专项转换） 将两组简单句合并为一句含定语从句的复合句，只能使用that/who引导 1. The boy is my friend. He helps me with farm work. _______________________________________________ 2. This is a skill. I learn it from labor classes. _______________________________________________ 3. The students are hard-working. They clean the school garden. _______________________________________________ 4. This is the experience. It changes my attitude to work. _______________________________________________ 5. The teacher is very patient. She teaches us labor skills. _______________________________________________ 6. These are the vegetables. We grow them by ourselves. _______________________________________________ 7. The girl won praise. She finishes her work carefully. _______________________________________________ 8. This is the task. We need to finish it today. _______________________________________________ 9. The workers are great. They work hard on the farm. _______________________________________________ 10. Labor is a good activity. It makes us grow up. _______________________________________________ 题型四：汉译英（必须使用定语从句） 要求：每句必须用that/who引导定语从句，语法准确、语句地道通顺 1. 努力劳动的学生值得我们学习。 _______________________________________________ 2. 这是我在劳动课上学到的技能。 _______________________________________________ 3. 帮助农民干活的孩子们非常懂事。 _______________________________________________ 4. 劳动带给我们的经历非常宝贵。 _______________________________________________ 5. 认真完成任务的人会获得进步。 _______________________________________________ 6. 这是我们自己种植的蔬菜。 _______________________________________________ 7. 教会我们劳动的老师很受欢迎。 _______________________________________________ 8. 劳动是能让我们变得独立的事情。 _______________________________________________ 9. 在农场的所有工作都是有意义的。 _______________________________________________ 10. 我喜欢那些可以锻炼自己的劳动活动。 _______________________________________________ Keys 题型一：单词适当形式填空 1. helps 解析：先行词boy为单数，who作主语，从句谓语用三单形式 2. useful 解析：形容词作前置定语，修饰名词skill，意为“有用的技能” 3. work 解析：先行词workers为复数，that作主语，从句谓语用原形 4. colorful 解析：形容词作前置定语，修饰experience，意为“丰富多彩的经历” 5. cleans 解析：先行词girl为单数，who作主语，谓语用三单 6. tasks 解析：these修饰可数名词，后接复数形式 7. careful 解析：形容词作前置定语，修饰student，意为“认真的学生” 8. lies 解析：先行词farm为单数，that作主语，谓语三单形式 9. valuable 解析：形容词修饰不可数名词knowledge，意为“宝贵的知识” 10. guide 解析：先行词teachers为复数，who作主语，谓语用原形 11. helps 解析：先行词way为单数，that作主语，谓语三单 12. meaningful 解析：形容词作定语，修饰weekend，意为“有意义的周末” 13. are 解析：先行词tools为复数，be动词用are 14. finishes 解析：先行词boy为单数，who作主语，谓语三单 15. helpful 解析：形容词作前置定语，修饰学科，意为“有益的学科” 16. grow 解析：先行词plants为复数，that作主语，谓语原形 17. stick 解析：people为复数集合名词，who作主语，谓语原形 18. teaches 解析：先行词book为单数，that作主语，谓语三单 19. wonderful 解析：形容词作前置定语，修饰moments，美好的瞬间 20. leads 解析：先行词man为单数，who作主语，谓语三单 题型二：单项选择 1. A 解析：先行词people指人，用who引导定语从句 2. B 解析：先行词skill指物，用that引导 3. A 解析：先行词girl单数指人用who，主句主语为单数，谓语用is 4. C 解析：先行词activities指物，用that引导 5. B 解析：先行词student指人，用who引导从句作主语 6. A 解析：先行词vegetables指物，用that引导 7. B 解析：先行词teachers复数指人，可用that，主句复数谓语用are 8. B 解析：先行词被最高级修饰，只能用that引导从句 9. A 解析：先行词boy指人，that可指代人作宾语 10. C 解析：先行词thing指物，用that引导 11. A 解析：先行词students复数，who引导，从句谓语用原形 12. B 解析：先行词books指物，that引导从句作主语 13. B 解析：先行词worker指人，用who引导 14. A 解析：先行词job指物，that引导从句作宾语 15. B 解析：先行词people指人，that可指代人引导从句 题型三：句子改写 1. The boy who helps me with farm work is my friend. 2. This is a skill that I learn from labor classes. 3. The students who clean the school garden are hard-working. 4. This is the experience that changes my attitude to work. 5. The teacher who teaches us labor skills is very patient. 6. These are the vegetables that we grow by ourselves. 7. The girl who finishes her work carefully won praise. 8. This is the task that we need to finish today. 9. The workers who work hard on the farm are great. 10. Labor is a good activity that makes us grow up. 题型四：汉译英 1.The students who work hard are worth learning from. 2.This is the skill that I learn in labor classes. 3.The children who help farmers work are very understanding. 4.The experience that labor brings to us is very valuable. 5.The people who finish their tasks carefully will make progress. 6.These are the vegetables that we grow by ourselves. 7.The teachers who teach us labor skills are very popular. 8.Labor is an activity that can make us independent. 9.All the work that we do on the farm is meaningful. 10.I like the labor activities that can improve us. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $