Unit 6阅读专项训练2026-2027学年仁爱科普版英语八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦太空宇宙话题，融合完形填空与阅读理解，通过词义辨析、细节查找等方法系统训练单元核心词汇，构建“词汇-话题-题型”逻辑链，适配中考备考，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完形填空|10空（火星探索主题）|介词/名词词义辨析、固定搭配（如keep…alive）、连词逻辑关系|以“太空探索”为主线，串联beyond、distance等核心词汇，通过语境应用强化词汇理解| |阅读理解|4篇12题（行星分类/冥王星/地外生命/太空垃圾）|细节查找、推理判断、主旨归纳、词义猜测|围绕“行星特征-探索发现-现实问题”展开，从内/外行星区别到太空责任，实现话题深度与词汇复现的统一|

科普版八年级上册Unit 6阅读专项训练 命题说明 本套练习围绕科普版八上Unit6单元话题太空宇宙、行星星体、太空探索、自然环境、科学发现命题，题型对标中考：1篇完形填空（10空）+4篇阅读理解，适配单元同步检测。文本素材选用初中生容易理解的宇宙科普、行星介绍、太空探索见闻类场景，全部词汇来源于本单元单词表，无超纲词汇。 覆盖单元核心词汇：beyond，universe，rocket，satellite，object，solar，warmth，man‑made，surface，degree，Celsius，electricity，heat，telescope，appear，daytime，diameter，asteroid，belt，separate，inner，outer，Mercury，Venus，Mars，include，Jupiter，Saturn，Uranus，Neptune，rock，gas，inside，least，power，mainly，neither，nor，distance等。 第一部分 完形填空（10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When we look up at night sky, we are looking far1 our world into the huge universe. Scientists use man‑made satellites and powerful rockets for space 2. They study different objects in space, such as planets and asteroids. Mars is one of our closest neighbours. Its 3 from the earth changes all the time. The surface of Mars is full of red rock. Its temperature can drop to many degrees 4 zero. There is little warmth there. Neither water nor thick gas can keep living things 5 on this planet. So no lives can 6 on Mars for now. Some scientists point telescopes at Mars to watch it. They find that its daytime is much like earth’s, 7 its environment is quite terrible. People are still trying to learn more about it. The development of space industry 8 our minds little by little. We have the 9 to keep exploring space. We hope one day we can 10 more facts about this red planet. 1. A. inside B. beyond C. below D. above 2. A. exploration B. development C. industry D. responsibility 3. A. degree B. power C. distance D. diameter 4. A. minus B. due C. least D. common 5. A. strange B. alive C. man‑made D. solar 6. A. rise B. appear C. survive D. freeze 7. A. but B. so C. or D. for 8. A. fills B. separates C. proves D. publishes 9. A. object B. comet C. belt D. responsibility 10. A. include B. prove C. fill D. separate 第二部分 阅读理解（共12小题；每小题2分，满分24分） Passage A The universe is huge. It includes the sun, eight planets and many other strange objects. Our solar system has inner planets and outer planets. A special asteroid belt separates them. The inner group has Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. They are mainly made of hard rock. The outer ones are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. They are filled with gas. Each planet has its own features. Mercury sits closest to the sun. It gets lots of heat in daytime. Its temperature changes greatly. Venus has thick gas around its surface. It is hot all year round. Mars has red rocks all over its land. Its rainfall is nearly zero, and valleys spread across its surface. For years, scientists use telescopes and man‑made satellites to study these planets. We have learned much, but there is still much beyond our knowledge. Space exploration never stops. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 11. What can we know about the asteroid belt? A. It separates inner planets from outer planets B. It is full of man‑made satellites C. It sits on the surface of Mars D. It provides warmth for planets 12. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The four outer planets are mainly rock planets B. Venus has very hot environment all the time C. There is plenty of rainfall on Mars D. Mercury belongs to outer planets 13. What does the underlined word “features” mean in Chinese? A. 责任 B. 档案 C. 特征 D. 能量 Passage B What was Pluto? For many years, students learned that Pluto was the ninth planet of the solar system. Later, scientists published new files and changed this idea. They proved that Pluto was not a real planet. Pluto sits far away from the sun. It is very cold there. Most of its surface can easily freeze. It looks like a big snowball in deep space. Its diameter is much smaller than other planets. It lies beyond Neptune. Some scientists thought it was a special being in our solar system. Although Pluto lost its planet status, it is still a great object for research. Scientists send satellites to take photos of it. They still keep exploring this strange body in space. It teaches us that our knowledge about the universe is always growing. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 14. What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A. Pluto is very cold in space B. Pluto is larger than Neptune C. People can live on Pluto easily D. Pluto gives lots of heat to earth 15. Why is Pluto no longer seen as a planet? A. It has no rock on its surface B. Its size is too small and it fails planet rules C. It has no daytime D. It is made completely of gas 16. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How people make man‑made satellites B. Some facts about Pluto C. Ways to travel to other planets D. The history of rockets Passage C Is there any living thing on other planets? This is a common question for space fans. Many scientists spend lots of time on this related topic. Mars gets most of their attention. Mars has valleys and old river marks on its surface. Long ago, rainfall might once appear there. But now the condition is low. Its temperature often falls to minus many degrees Celsius. Neither thick air nor enough warmth can support lives. So nothing can survive there right now. Some other planets are even worse. Mercury is too hot in daytime. Outer gas planets have no hard ground for any being. Due to all these reasons, we still find no alive lives on other planets so far. That does not mean there is no life in the whole universe. Space exploration is still going on. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 17. What can we learn about Mars long long ago? A. It may have had rainfall B. Lots of people once lived there C. Its temperature was always minus D. It was full of man‑made objects 18. Which planet is extremely hot in the daytime? A. Neptune B. Mercury C. Jupiter D. Saturn 19. What is the writer’s attitude towards space exploration for lives? A. We should give up all space research B. We are certain there is life on Mars C. We still need to keep exploring space D. All other planets have living things Passage D Space exploration is an important part of modern development. Our industry makes better rockets and satellites. Man‑made machines fly far beyond our earth. They send back files and photos of distant space objects. Exploration brings us new knowledge, but it also reminds us of our responsibility. We learn more about solar power, heat and other kinds of power from space. These findings help our life on earth. However, we also produce space rubbish. Some broken satellites fill parts of outer space. Scientists warn people about this problem. Although space is huge, rubbish will cause trouble for future exploration. Every country should think over this problem. We should make sure space can be safe for our later generations. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 20. What is the writer’s writing purpose of this text? A. To tell us space exploration brings knowledge as well as new problems B. To advise us to move human beings to Mars soon C. To introduce how to make rockets at home D. To prove lives exist on other planets 21. What is the bad result of space rubbish? A. It will bring more warmth to earth B. It may bring trouble for later space exploration C. It can increase rainfall on Mars D. It helps separate inner and outer planets 22. Which word can best describe the attitude we should have for space? A. strange B. alive C. responsible D. minus 参考答案与详细解析 一、完形填空答案 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.B 完形填空逐题解析 1.答案：B. beyond 考点解析：介词词义辨析。beyond 意为“在……较远的一边，超越”，look far beyond our world 眺望我们世界之外遥远的宇宙。inside在里面；below在下方；above在上方。句意：当我们仰望夜空，我们正眺望我们世界之外浩瀚的宇宙。 2.答案：A. exploration 考点解析：名词词义辨析。space exploration 太空探索，单元固定搭配。development发展；industry工业；responsibility责任。句意：科学家使用人造卫星和大功率火箭开展太空探索。 3.答案：C. distance 考点解析：名词词义辨析。distance距离，描述火星和地球之间的距离。degree度数；power能量；diameter直径。句意：火星和地球之间的距离一直在发生变化。 4.答案：A. minus 考点解析：介词词义辨析。minus zero 零下，描述火星低温。due由于；least最少；common普遍的。句意：火星上的温度可以降到零下很多度。 5.答案：B. alive 考点解析：形容词词义辨析。keep…alive 使……存活，固定搭配。strange奇怪的；man‑made人造的；solar太阳的。句意：既没有水也没有浓厚的气体，无法让生物在这颗星球存活。 6.答案：C. survive 考点解析：动词词义辨析。survive生存、存活。rise升起；appear出现；freeze冻结。句意：所以目前没有生命可以在火星生存。 7.答案：A. but 考点解析：连词辨析。but表转折，火星昼夜时长和地球接近，但是环境十分恶劣。so因此；or或者；for因为。 8.答案：A. fills 考点解析：动词词义辨析。fill one’s mind 充实人们的认知。separate划分；prove证明；publish发表。句意：航天工业的发展一点点充实着我们的认知。 9.答案：D. responsibility 考点解析：名词词义辨析。have the responsibility to do sth. 有责任做某事。object物体；comet彗星；belt环形地带。句意：我们有责任继续开展太空探索。 10.答案：B. prove 考点解析：动词词义辨析。prove facts 证实事实。include包含；fill充满；separate分开。句意：我们希望有朝一日可以证实更多关于这颗红色星球的真相。 二、阅读理解答案与解析 Passage A 答案：11.A 12.B 13.C 11.答案：A 考点解析：细节查找题。原文“A special asteroid belt separates them.”，小行星带把内行星和外行星分隔开来。B、C、D均和原文信息不符。 12.答案：B 考点解析：细节判断题。原文“Venus has thick gas around its surface. It is hot all year round.”，金星终年高温。外行星是气态，A错；火星几乎无降雨，C错；水星属于内行星，D错。 13.答案：C 考点解析：词义猜测题。下文分别介绍不同行星温度、地表环境，介绍各个行星独有的特征。 Passage B 答案：14.A 15.B 16.B 14.答案：A 考点解析：推理判断题。原文“It is very cold there. Most of its surface can easily freeze.”可推知冥王星环境严寒。B冥王星比海王星大错误；C人类可居住错误；D释放大量热量错误。 15.答案：B 考点解析：细节推理题。文中提到冥王星直径远小于其他行星，科学家公布文件，证明它不符合行星标准。其余选项原文没有依据。 16.答案：B 考点解析：主旨大意题。全文围绕冥王星展开，介绍它的环境、大小以及不再被定义为行星的相关知识。A人造卫星制造、C星际旅行、D火箭历史均偏离主题。 Passage C 答案：17.A 18.B 19.C 17.答案：A 考点解析：细节查找题。原文“Mars has valleys and old river marks on its surface. Long ago, rainfall might once appear there.”火星地表存在古河道痕迹，远古时期或许存在降雨。 18.答案：B 考点解析：细节查找题。原文“Mercury sits closest to the sun. It gets lots of heat in daytime.”水星白天温度极高。 19.答案：C 考点解析：推理判断题。结尾“Space exploration is still going on.”作者认为我们依旧要继续太空探索。A放弃研究；B确定火星有生命；D所有星球都存在生命，表述错误。 Passage D 答案：20.A 21.B 22.C 20.答案：A 考点解析：写作意图题。本文讲述太空探索既带给人类新知识，同时也带来太空垃圾这类新问题。B移居火星、C在家造火箭、D其他星球存在生命均不是文章写作目的。 21.答案：B 考点解析：细节查找题。原文“Although space is huge, rubbish will cause trouble for future exploration.”太空垃圾会给未来太空探索带来麻烦。 22.答案：C 考点解析：推理判断题。文章多次提到responsibility，呼吁人类对待太空要有责任心。strange奇怪的；alive活着的；minus零下的，均不符合题意。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $