Unit 1 People of Achievement一轮复习专项训练 -2027届高三英语人教版选择性必修第一册

Book 4 Unit 1 课时一 词汇、语法考点化训练（答案） 一、单元重点词汇练习：根据提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. Apparently 2. scientific 3. academic 4. to/for 5. Committed; committed; commitment 6. being defeated/having been defeated; acknowledgement 7. was; (should) be set 8. to evaluate; evaluation 9. analyse; analysis 10. conclusion 二、选择适当的词块，并用其正确形式填空。 1. is acknowledged as　 2. Graduating from　 3. Distinct from 4. was committed to 　 5. are vital to/for 三、语法专练。 1. whose 2. as 3. when 四、用括号中的句式把下列句子翻译成英文。 1. Upon/On arriving at the airport, the girls in the national volleyball team received praise and fresh flowers. The moment the girls in the national volleyball team arrived at the airport, they received praise and fresh flowers. 2. Scientists are thought to discover a cure for cancer within the next decade. It is thought that scientists will discover a cure for cancer within the next decade. 3. While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study and succeeded in obtaining a doctorate. 4. It is a great honour to deliver a speech to share with you my opinion on Chinese Medicine. 5. Whenever she met difficulties in the research, she always found her team supporting her. 五、阅读下面的语篇，在空白处填写正确的单词或用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. remarkable 2. scientist 3. a 4. natural 5. passionate 6. internationally 7. to work 8. was committed 9. conclusion 10. put 11. in 12. which 13. was taken 14. contribution 15. is acknowledged Book 4 Unit 1 课时二 阅读技能训练（答案） 一、阅读理解。 体裁：记叙文 题材：研究发明主题：John Todd发明生态自愈系统。 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了John Todd从小爱学爱思考爱研究，他创造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。 1. 答案：C 【命题意图】考查细节理解题。 【详解】 根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems”和“When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making”和第二段中的“John went back to observing nature and asking questions”以及第二段中的两个问题可以看出，John是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人。故选C。 2. 答案：D 【命题意图】考查细节理解。 【详解】 根据第三段中的“The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥)... placed them in the tanks”可知，John 修建水箱是为了清理污泥中的有害物质，为此，他在水箱里放了一些动植物。第四段中的“all that was left was pure water”表明了将污泥放入水箱之后的变化。据此可以推断，John在水箱里放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果，故选D。 3. 答案：B 【命题意图】考查推理判断。 【详解】 上文讲到了John的发明成功了，根据第五段的中心句“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs”可知,多年来,John做了很多重大的工作。本段提到净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明John的发明及其理念在实践中的应用。A: 为了回顾John的研究计划；C: 为了比较John的不同工作；D: 为了消除对John的发明的怀疑。故选B。 4. 答案：A 【命题意图】考查推理判断。 【详解】 本文主要围绕John的疑问“A dirty stream，for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived... if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making”展开，即一条肮脏的溪流在穿过植物和流过微生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈，这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏乱呢？正是在这个疑问的指引下，John发明了生态设计，因此，John发明的根源就在于自然的自我修复能力，且最后一段中的“Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair”也印证了John的工作依据就在于自我修复这一理念。故选A。 5. 答案：A 【命题意图】考查推理判断。 【详解】 本题考查学生通过整篇文章对John 的描述来推断他是一个什么样的人，根据一二段可以得出他是一个充满好奇又好学的人。通过倒数第二段的“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.”可以推断Jhon是个坚定的，尽心尽力的人。故选A。 2、 语篇结构。 6. 答案：G 【命题意图】考查全文主旨。 【详解】 根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer. ”文章的主旨从标题可知重点词是tricks和patience可知，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。 7. 答案：E 【命题意图】考查句际顺承并列关系。 【详解】 根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.可知本段讲感恩有很多好处，可知空格处继续说明感恩的好处。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。 8. 答案：B 【命题意图】考查句际总分关系。 【详解】 考查句际总分关系。根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。 9. 答案：C 【命题意图】考查段落主旨。 【详解】 根据“when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. ”可知不在舒适区就会不耐烦，所以告诉读者如何改变这种情况：即接受并适应不舒服的状态。结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。 10. 答案：F 【命题意图】考查承上启下。 【详解】 后文“You’ll then gradually become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”表明的是一种结果，前文应该是说某种条件，本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。 三、完形填空。 11-15 CACDA  16-20 BBDCB    21-25 CABDD 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。 11. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想；B. job工作；C. home家；D. choice选择。根据空前的second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为他的第二个“家”。故选C。 12. A考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然；B. youth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knowledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。 13. C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precious宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。该段后半部分说到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。 14. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tension紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。 15. A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。 16. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。 17. B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾病；D. dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。 18. D考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directions方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。 19. C考查名词词义辨析。句意：他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动；B. police警察；C. forest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选C。 20. B考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建；B. discovered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法做成。根据前面的“looking on his own”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他发现了一个小岛。故选B。 21. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating装饰；B. Observing观察到；C. Watering浇水；D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。 22. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough困难的；B. illegal非法的；C. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。 23. B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部；B. top顶端；C. foot脚；D. side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的顶端。故选B。 24. D 考查动词(短语)辨析。句意： Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. cool down冷却下来；B. keep off与……保持距离；C. purify净化，使纯净；D. collect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。 25. D考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A. returned返回；B. learned学会；C. failed失败；D. continued继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他“继续”种树。故选D。 课时三 写作技能训练—道歉信 写单句： 1. I’m writing this letter to express my heartfelt apologies for my failure to hang out with you this weekend as scheduled. 2. As you know, I am the chairman of the students' union in our school. 3. Recently we have been rehearsing for the upcoming school cultural festival, and we will be rehearsing at that time. 4. Shall we make it next Sunday if you are available? Please let me know at your earliest convenience if the time is suitable for you. 5.It’s my sincere hope that you can understand my situation and accept the alternative time. 组语篇： Dear Jim， I’m writing this letter to express my heartfelt apologies for my failure to hang out with you this weekend as scheduled. As you know, I am the chairman of the students' union at our school. Recently we have been rehearsing for the upcoming school cultural festival, and we will be rehearsing at that time. Therefore, I am afraid that I can’t hang out with you. Shall we make it next Sunday if you are available? Please let me know at your earliest convenience if the time is suitable for you. It’s my sincere hope that you can understand my situation and accept the alternative time. Looking forward to your reply. Book 4 Unit 1 单元过关 一、阅读理解 体裁：记叙文 题材：介绍何泽慧的生平以及她的突出贡献。 【导语】本篇语篇主要介绍了何泽慧作为女性在事业上受阻但却仍然凭借自己的毅力和决心在科学方面作出的突出贡献。 1. 答案：D 【命题意图】考查细节理解。 【详解】 根据“where she excelled as the top student in her class”可知她在学术方面的成绩很好，目的是强调她卓越的学术能力。A 项与事实矛盾，丈夫也是杰出科学家；B、C 项在文中无依据，故选 D。 2.答案：A 【命题意图】考查推理判断。 【详解】 结合上下文，他们回国后承担研发原子弹的任务，“entrusted with” 意为 “被托付责任”。B “被邀请发表意见”；C “加入激烈的竞争”；D “被迫接受”均不符合语境，故选 A。 3.答案：A 【命题意图】考查细节理解。 【详解】 居里夫妇的建议“Serve science, but science must serve the people.” （科学必须为人民服务） 表明科学应造福公众。B “科学家应先出国工作”； C “科学与政治分离”、D “科学家只专注研究”、均与原文不符，故选 A。 4.答案：C 【命题意图】考查推理判断。 【详解】 根据第二段的句子“where the department head held a common prejudice at that time and tried to discourage all female students from pursuing a career in physics” 可知清华大学系主任劝阻女性学物理，而何泽慧坚持下来，可推断她面临性别障碍。C选项正确。根据最后一段的“having continued to work full-time until her later years with unshakable dedication. She received many honors throughout her career,”可知AB 错误；根据第三段的第一句话“In 1948, He Zehui and her husband returned to China ..”可知D错误。故选 C。 体裁：说明文 题材：介绍大慈善家Bloomberg的突出贡献。 【导语】本篇语篇主要介绍Bloomberg在慈善界的捐赠，是著名的慈善家 5. 答案：A 【命题意图】考查细节理解。 【详解】 文章第二段明确提到 “So far, he has donated more than $21 billion to a wide range of different causes, which include addressing climate change, improving education, and supporting the arts”，其中 “addressing climate change” 是捐赠支持的领域之一，与选项 A 完全匹配。B 项 “Funding political campaigns”（资助政治活动）：文章未涉及；C项 “Expanding business operations”（扩大商业运营）：捐赠属于慈善行为，与商业运营扩张无关，文中无相关信息；D 项 “Building new financial institutions”（建立新金融机构）：文中仅提到他通过提供金融信息积累财富，未提及捐赠用于建立金融机构。 6.答案：A 【命题意图】考查段落大意。 【详解】 第三段首先指出 Bloomberg 在 2023 和 2024 年均为 “最大个人捐赠者”，随后具体列举：2023 年捐赠 37 亿美元给不同的慈善项目、向约翰・霍普金斯大学捐赠 10 亿美元、向黑人大学捐赠 6 亿美元，以及 2024 年支持《巴黎协定》。整体围绕 “2023-2024 年的具体捐赠项目” 展开，与选项 A 一致。 BCD都是Bloomberg捐赠的具体项目。 7. 答案：C 【命题意图】考查推理判断。 【详解】文章最后一段引用 Bloomberg 的话：“Data doesn’t give all answers—that needs creativity—but data keeps our thinking connected to reality when political debate ignores facts”，说明数据的作用是 “让思考与现实保持联系”，与选项 C 的表述一致，可由此推理得出。A 项 “data can replace creativity”（数据可替代创造力）：与原文 “Data doesn’t give all answers—that needs creativity”（数据不能给出所有答案，这需要创造力）矛盾；B 项 “political debates often rely on data”（政治辩论常依赖数据）：原文提到 “political debate ignores facts”（政治辩论忽视事实），与 “依赖数据” 相反。D 项 “ignore facts”（忽视事实）：原文强调数据帮助 “连接现实”，即重视事实，而非忽视事实，与选项表述矛盾。 8. 答案：B 【命题意图】考查概括总结。 【详解】全文围绕 Michael Bloomberg 展开，第一段介绍他的财富背景和 “慈善家” 身份（“What set him apart is his being a philanthropist”），第二、三段详细说明其捐赠金额、领域和具体项目，第四段阐述其慈善策略。核心是 “富豪” 与 “慈善家” 的双重身份，选项 C 准确概括了全文主旨。ACD都太片面，只是文章某段或某句的内容，并不能准确概括整篇文章的大意内容。 二、完形填空 9-13:BCDAB 14-18:DCBDC 19-23:DDCBD 9. B。考查上下文逻辑。 句意：这是很令人惊讶的，因为在她那个时代，女性是不鼓励写作的。李清照作为女性，在“女性不被鼓励写作或出版”的时代成为伟大诗人，这种反差是“令人惊讶”的A. natural（自然的）、C. obvious（明显的）、D. disappointing（令人失望的）均无法体现这种反差，故选B。 10. C。考查上下文逻辑。句意：我不知道她的诗引领我踏上一段长达十年的旅程。根据后文“For the next decade.. translating her ci one by one,” 可知这是一次十年的路程。A. task（任务）、B. project（项目）侧重短期或计划性，D. vacation（假期）与语境无关，故选C。 11. D。考查名词含义与语境匹配。句意：作家的独特表达风格或声音”，符合“重新定义”的语境。A.. skill（技巧）、B. habit（习惯）、C. technique（技巧）均不如“voice”贴合“内在表达”的深层含义，故选D。 12. A。考查固定搭配。句意：我其实是偶然萌生翻译的这个想法。 “by chance”是固定短语，意为“偶然地”，根据语境同学在收集翻译，我就想到翻译李清照。故选A。 B. on purpose(故意)、C. by design(故意)、D. on display(在展出)。 13. B。考查上下文逻辑。 句意：同学汇编翻译集时，需要征集稿件。与后文“decided to translate a writer”（决定翻译）呼应。A. comments（评论）、C. reviews（评论/回顾）、D. editions（版本）均不符合“征集内容用于书籍”的语境，故选B。 14. D。考查转折逻辑。句意：李清照进入我的脑海，虽然她在中国广为人知，但在美国，却很少有人知道她或翻译过她的作品。 “but”体现前后对比，前文“well-known in China”（在中国广为人知）与在美国鲜为人知形成转折。A. widely（广泛地）与前文重复，B. fully（完全地）、C. recently（最近地）均无法构成对比，故选D。 15. C。考查上下文逻辑。句意：这首诗充满了离别之苦和思念之情。“absence”（缺席、思念）与“longing”（渴望，思念）搭配，体现词中情感。A. anger（愤怒）、B. hope（希望）、D. courage（勇气）均不符合原词描述的情感，故选C。 16. B。考查上下文逻辑。 句意：词的结尾表达了她的思乡之情。前文提到“begins by illuminating a lone speaker”（开篇描绘孤独的主人公），此处“and”衔接，应对应“ends with”（以……结束）。A. begins（开始）与前文重复、C. deals（处理）、D. combines（结合）均不恰当，故选B。 17. D。考查形容词搭配与语境。句意：李清照的诗直白，惊人，且情感真挚动人。李清照的词充满“romantic longing”（浪漫思念）和“declaration of her longing”（思念的宣告），所以她的情感是很强烈的, emotionally strong. A. physically（身体上）、B. visually（视觉上）、C. mentally（精神上）均不贴合词的情感属性，故选D。 18. C考查动词含义与语境。 句意：这就是为什么她的作品令人着迷。前文描述李清照的文字“direct, surprising and emotionally strong”（直接、惊人且情感强烈），因为这些特征所以她的作品能“吸引”人们数世纪。A. confused（困惑）、B. annoyed（恼怒）、D. frightened（害怕）均与文意相悖，故选C。 19. D。 考查副词用法。 句意：她的作品让我更着迷。“even more”（更加）用于加强程度，符合“翻译让我更喜欢她的作品”的递进关系。A. still（仍然）、B. only（仅仅）、C. yet（还/却）均无法体现程度加深，故选D。 20. D。 考查名词含义与语境。句意：它像是一场跨越时空的心灵交流。 翻译跨越时空，与古人产生的是“联系”（connection），符合“across time and space”（跨越时空）的正向关系。A. gap（差距）、B. distance （距离）、C. conflict（冲突）均不符合这种跨越时空的共鸣感，故选D。 21. C。考查动词逻辑。 句意：我继续翻译她的词，一首接一首。后文提到“for the next decade”（接下来的十年）和“one by one”（一首接一首），说明是“持续”翻译，“continue”（继续）符合语境。A. stopped （停止）、B. avoided（避免）、D. delayed（延迟）均与“十年”“一首接一首”矛盾，故选C。 22. B。 考查同义词复现。 句意：她的作品给了我指导。后文明确提到“They guided me”（它们指引我），“guidance”（指导）与“guided”同义复现，体现李清照作品对“我”的帮助。A. freedom（自由）、C. pressure（压力）、D. doubt（怀疑）均与“guided”的积极含义不符，故选B。 23. D。考查动词搭配。句意：它们指引我，使我对语言有了更加深入的思考。A. write（写作）、B. speak（说话）、C. hear（听见）均不符合对语言的“思考”这一核心动作，故选D。 三、语法填空 【导语】本篇语篇主要讲中国军事科学家陈薇的突出贡献。 24. has been committed考查谓语动词时态语态。根据时间状语 “Since she began...in 1991”（自1991年起始），需用现在完成时表示持续30年的状态；主语she与commit构成被动关系（致力于某事需用be committed to）。故填has been committed。 25. objectives 考查名词复数。“one of her main research _____”结构要求复数名词（多种目标之一），且objective为可数名词。故填objectives。 26. faced 考查非谓语动词（过去分词）。“when _____ with failures”为省略结构，完整形式为“when she was faced with...”。主语she与face构成被动关系，需用过去分词。故填faced。 27. for/to 考查介词固定搭配 be crucial to/for：对做某事至关重要。句意：重组蛋白对一线的医务人员至关重要。故填for/to 28. When 考查时间状语从句连词。“_____ the Ebola epidemic broke out”为主从句结构，空格后为完整句子，需时间连词连接。根据句意"埃博拉疫情暴发时"，故填When。 29. remarkable 考查形容词作定语。 修饰名词achievement需形容词形式。句意：一项卓越的吸引全球关注的成就。故填remarkable 30. whose 考查定语从句关系词。 逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个事件，从句缺定语。根据句意“她的团队的贡献”，需用whose指代her team’s。句意：这些疫苗在阻止病毒扩散的作用是不可否认的。故填whose 31. widely 考查副词修饰动词。修饰动词acknowledged需用副词形式，表“被广泛认可”。故填widely。 32. significance 考查名词固定搭配。 “be of great _____”结构要求名词形式（相当于very significant）。句意：她的研究对国家生物安全非常重要。故填significance 33. to come 考查不定式作后置定语。修饰generations需后置定语，表“未来的世代”。不定式to come为固定表达（=that will come）。句意：其产生的深远意义将惠及子孙后代。故填 to come 四、应用文写作 Dear Kevin, I’m writing to make a heartfelt apology to you for not being able to attend your graduation ceremony as promised. My classmate got hurt while helping some children, and we are going to visit him next week. That is why I cannot attend punctually. Although I can’t come, I would like to send my best wishes to you. I also want to recommend that you make full of your vacation to enrich yourself.  I sincerely hope you will kindly accept my apologies and enjoy yourself at the ceremony.  Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Book 4 Unit 1 课时一 词汇、语法考点化训练 一、根据提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. __________ (apparent), the professor has a preference for these devices which can work automatically. 2. However, technology is also the application of_________(science) knowledge to solve challenging problems. 3. The students benefiting most from college life are those who are completely involved in_______(academy) life. 4. It is persistence that is crucial_______the discovery of artemisinin, a treatment for malaria. 5. ________to education, Zhang Guimei ________all her time and efforts to teaching, and her________finally paid off. (commit) 6. Tom acknowledged__________(defeat) in the competition and forced a smile in __________(acknowledge) of my comfort. 7. His friends insisted that he_______(be) not involved in the accident and that he_______(set) free. 8. Do you want_________your intelligence? Just complete the_________form below, please.(evaluate) 9. This software is used to_________marketing data. But he doesn’t know how to use it properly, so the result of his_________is not convincing.（analyse） 10. The research has led us to the _________(conclude) that early childhood education plays a critical role in a child’s development. 2、 选择适当的词块，并用其正确形式填空。(有一项为多余选项) be committed to be vital for/to graduate from be acknowledged as lead to (be) distinct from Madame Curie 1._________an outstanding female genius. 2._________ senior high school, she worked as a tutor. 3._________ other girls, her dream was to become a scientist. Therefore, she 4._________the scientific research. Finally, she succeeded in discovering two radioactive elements, which 5._________ physics and chemistry. 三、语法专练。 1. The traditional clothing of the Han people is called Hanfu, ________beauty is being appreciated by younger generations nowadays. 2. Yet, the form of the fable still has value today, ________Rachel Carson says in “ A Fable for Tomorrow.” 3. My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, _________, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory. 四、用括号中的句式把下列句子翻译成英文。 1. 国家排球队的姑娘们一到机场，就收到了赞誉和鲜花。(一句多译) (upon/on doing sth...) (the moment...) 2. 人们认为，科学家将在下一个十年发现癌症的治愈方法。(一句多译) (主语+be+thought+动词不定式（短语）句型) (It +be+done+that从句) 3.在那工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习并成功获得了博士学位。(状语从句的省略:while doing sth) 4.很荣幸能在这里演讲，跟大家分享我对中医的看法。（It is an honour for sb to do sth） 5.在研究过程中，每当遇到困难，她总是能发现团队在背后默默地支持她。（find+宾语+宾补结构） 5、 阅读下面的语篇，在空白处填写正确的单词或用所给词的正确形式填空。 Zu Chongzhi was a famous and 1. r_________ mathematician and 2. _______(科学家) in ancient China. He lived in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. When he was young, he had 3._____broad range of interests, such as 4._______ (nature) science and philosophy. And he was 5. ________(passion) about mathematics, astronomy and machinery. The achievement Zu Chongzhi made in the calculation of pi has been 6_________ (international) acknowledged. Liu Hui, a mathematician in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, proposed a way 7._______ (work) out the value (pi)—the cyclotomic method（割圆术）. Based on the earlier research, Zu Chongzhi 8. __________(commit) to the calculation and then came to the 9.________(conclude) that pi falls between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927. He also 10. p_______forward the viewpoint that the approximate value of pi is 355/113, which is called "milü". It boosted the calculation of pi to a new phase. Thus pi is also called “Zulü” 11.________honour of him. Besides the achievement in pi, he wrote the book Zhui Shu, 12. ________gathered his accomplishments in mathematics and 13.________(take) as a teaching material during the Tang Dynasty. And he also made a great 14________(contribute) to astronomy and machinery. Therefore, Zu Chongzhi 15._____________(acknowledge) as one of the greatest mathematicians in the world. Book 4 Unit 1 课时二 阅读技能训练 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 【2023年新高考全国I卷B篇】 When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 1. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A. He was fond of traveling.  B. He enjoyed being alone. C. He had an inquiring mind.  D. He longed to be a doctor. 2. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A. To feed the animals.  B. To build an ecosystem. C. To protect the plants.  D. To test the eco-machine. 3. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A. To review John’s research plans.  B. To show an application of John’s idea. C. To compare John’s different jobs.  D. To erase doubts about John’s invention. 4. What is the basis for John’s work? A. Nature can repair itself.  B. Organisms need water to survive. C. Life on Earth is diverse.  D. Most tiny creatures live in groups. 5. What kind of person is John Todd? A. Committed and curious. B. Knowledgeable and generous. C. Diligent and stubborn. D. Passionate and objective. 二、语篇结构。 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 【2023全国甲卷七选五】 Tricks to Becoming a Patient Person Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer.     6   . In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude  Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.     7   . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, a researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychological research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.     8    . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ●     9   . So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “    10    .” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A．Find your causes. B．Start with small tasks. C．Accept the uncomfortable. D．All this adds up to a state of hurry. E．It can also help us practice more patience. F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable. G．They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience. 三、完形填空。 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 【2020.新高考Ⅰ卷】 Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second     11    . He learned the value and beauty of     12     there from a very young age. When he was 16, Molai began to notice something     13     happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the     14     it caused had driven away a number of birds.     15     the number of snakes had declined as well. He     16     that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the     17    . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek    18   during the daytime. He turned to the    19    department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and    20    a nearby island where he began to plant trees.     21     young plants in the dry season was     22    for a lone boy. Molai built at the    23     of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to    24     rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below. Molai     25     to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals. 11. A. dream  B. job  C. home  D. choice 12. A. nature  B. youth  C. culture  D. knowledge 13. A. precious B. interesting  C. disturbing  D. awkward 14. A. waste  B. tension  C. pain  D. damage 15. A. Besides  B. However  C. Therefore  D. Otherwise 16. A. agreed  B. realized  C. remembered  D. predicted 17. A. noise  B. heat  C. disease  D. dust 18. A. directions  B. partners  C. help  D. shelter 19. A. labor  B. police  C. forest  D. finance 20. A. rebuilt  B. discovered  C. left  D. managed 21. A. Decorating  B. Observing  C. Watering  D. Guarding 22. A. tough  B. illegal  C. fantastic  D. beneficial 23. A. back  B. top  C. foot  D. side 24. A. cool down  B. keep off  C. purify  D. collect 25. A. returned  B. learned  C. failed  D. continued Book 4 Unit 1 课时三 写作技能训练—道歉信 单元话题写作：道歉信 （一）写作指导 道歉信的结构： （二）写作训练 假定你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴约。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1．表达歉意并说明原因； 2．提出建议并给出理由。 第一步：写单句 1.我写信是想由衷地为这个周末未能如期赴约，向你深切表达歉意。 I am writing this letter to express my heartfelt 2.如你所知，我是我们学生会的会长。（as引导的定语从句） 3.近期我们在彩排准备文化节，周末的这个时候正在彩排。（have been doing; will be doing） 4.如果你下周末有空的话，我们改期到下周末可以吗？如果可以的话，请尽早让我知道（be available，at one’s earliest convenience） 5.真心希望你能理解我的处境并接受我的改期建议。 第二步　组语篇 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Book 4 Unit 1 单元过关 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A He Zehui was an outstanding Chinese nuclear physicist who made great contributions to the development of nuclear physics in China. Her remarkable scientific achievements and pioneering work have left a lasting and profound influence on the field, making her a respected figure in the scientific community. Born on March 5, 1914, in Suzhou, He Zehui came from a family with a long tradition of scientific achievements. She began her academic journey at Tsinghua University, where the department head held a common prejudice at that time and tried to discourage all female students from pursuing a career in physics. However, He Zehui remained determined. In 1936, she graduated top of her class, which consisted of 10 students including two other women. Later, she went to study at Germany’s prestigious Technical University of Berlin, where she excelled as the top student in her class—even outperforming her future husband Qian Sanqiang, who would also go on to become an accomplished physicist. In 1948, He Zehui and her husband returned to China with great enthusiasm to contribute their expertise to their motherland’s scientific development. They were entrusted with the crucial task of developing an atomic bomb, which they successfully accomplished through years of hard work. Besides her research on nuclear weapons, He Zehui led the Neutron Physics Research Office and played a key role in building China’s first nuclear reactor and cyclotron（回旋加速器）. Their scientific work was closely linked with China’s national development, following the valuable advice of the Joliot-Curies: “Serve science, but science must serve the people.” Under her careful guidance, generations of young researchers grew into key figures in China’s nuclear and space science fields. He Zehui passed away in June 2011, having continued to work full-time until her later years with unshakable dedication. She received many honors throughout her career, including being elected to the esteemed Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980. Her strong commitment to science and deep love for her country have made her an icon, inspiring countless future scientists. 1. Why is “even outperforming her future husband Qian Sanqiang” mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To show Qian Sanqiang’s inability. B. To explain their accidental meeting. C. To compare their education systems. D. To stress her excellent academic skills. 2. What does the underlined phrase “entrusted with” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Trusted with responsibility. B. Invited to give suggestions. C. Joined in fierce competition. D. Forced to accept unwillingly. 3. What does the Joliot-Curies’ advice suggest? A. Science should benefit the public. B. Scientists must work abroad first. C. Science and politics should be separate. D. Scientists should focus only on research. 4. What can we infer about He Zehui? A. She gained no honour in her career. B. She stopped nuclear research after 1980. C. She faced gender barriers in her career. D. She worked most of her life in Germany. B Michael Bloomberg, an American independent politician and businessman, has a net worth of over $40 billion, making him one of the wealthiest individuals in the world. What set him apart was his being a philanthropist (慈善家), who was the largest individual donor in the United States in 2024. Michael Bloomberg applies the same careful method to giving away money as he used to build his huge fortune. Over the years, he gained great wealth by providing exact and useful financial information to the financial services industry. So far, he has donated more than $21 billion to a wide range of different causes, which include addressing climate change, improving education, and supporting the arts. According to the Chronicle of Philanthropy, Bloomberg was named the largest individual donor in 2024, and he had held the same important title in 2023 too. In 2023 alone, he gave an impressive 3.7 billion to various charitable projects. Among his important gifts, there was 1 billion donated to his old school, Johns Hopkins University. The money was used to make medical school free for most students and to increase financial help for those studying nursing and public health. He also gave $600 million to improve medical-school funds at four historically Black colleges and universities. Earlier in 2024, Bloomberg Philanthropies announced plans to support the United States’ promises under the Paris Agreement, which came after the Trump administration’s withdrawal from the international deal. A key part of his philanthropic strategy is using data to find problems, aim at effective solutions, and measure progress clearly. Many of his projects focus on cities, drawing on his valuable experience as New York City’s mayor and his work with mayors from around the world. As Bloomberg said in 2018: “Data doesn’t give all answers—that needs creativity—but data keeps our thinking connected to reality when political debate ignores facts.” 5. What is one of the causes that Bloomberg’s donations support? A. Addressing climate change. B. Funding political campaigns. C. Expanding business operations. D. Building new financial institutions. 6. What is the main idea of the third paragraph? A. Bloomberg’s incredible donations in two years. B. Bloomberg announced plans to support the United States. C. Black colleges and universities need more medical-school funds. D. Johns Hopkins University received the largest donation in history. 7. Why does Bloomberg focus on using data in his philanthropic work? A. Because data can replace creativity in solving problems. B. Because political debates often rely on data for support. C. Because he believes data helps connect thinking to reality. D. Because his business experience taught him to ignore facts. 8. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Bloomberg’s Successful Business Career. B. Michael Bloomberg: A Wealthy Philanthropist. C. Bloomberg’s Donations to Educational Institutions. D. Bloomberg’s Efforts to Support Global Climate Deals. 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 The Song-dynasty poet Li Qingzhao is one of China’s greatest poets. This is 9 because in her time, women were not encouraged to write or publish. When I first translated her works in college, I did not know that her poetry would take me on a 10-year 10 and redefine my own 11 as a writer. I started translating 12 when I was an undergraduate. A classmate was putting together a book of translations and called for 13 . I decided to translate a Chinese woman writer. Li Qingzhao came to my mind—well-known in China but 14 known or translated in America. The first work I translated was a ci titled A Cutting of Plum Blossoms. The ci, which is filled with a feeling of 15 and romantic longing, begins by illuminating a lone speaker. And it 16 with a declaration of her longing. Li’s words are direct, surprising and 17 strong. This is why her writing has 18 people for centuries. Translating her made me like her works 19 more. It felt like a special 20 across time and space. For the next decade, I 21 translating her ci one by one, gaining encouragement from editors and professors. Her works offered me 22 as a young woman writer working in the 21st century. They guided me and made me 23 more about language—and for that, I will be forever grateful. 9. A. natural B. surprising C. obvious D. disappointing 10. A. task B. project C. journey D. vacation 11. A. skill B. habit C. technique D. voice 12. A. by chance B. on purpose C. by design D. on display 13. A. comments B. works C. reviews D. editions 14. A. widely B. fully C. recently D. rarely 15. A. anger B. hope C. absence D. courage 16. A. begins B. ends C. deals D. combines 17. A. physically B. visually C. mentally D. emotionally 18. A. confused B. annoyed C. fascinated D. frightened 19. A. still B. only C. yet D. even 20. A. gap B. distance C. conflict D. connection 21. A. stopped B. avoided C. continued D. delayed 22. A. freedom B. guidance C. pressure D. doubt 23. A. write B. speak C. hear D. think （三）语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chen Wei, a well-known Chinese military scientist and professor at the Chinese Academy of Engineering, was born in Lanxi, Zhejiang in 1966. Since she began her work in military medical research in 1991, she 24 (commit) to studying biodefense and developing new vaccines, devoting nearly 30 years to this critical field. With antiviral drugs as one of her main research 25 (objective), she has led her team through countless experiments, never giving up even when 26 (face) with repeated failures. During the SARS outbreak, she found that omega interferon(重组蛋白) was effective, which was crucial 27 many medical workers on the front lines. 28 the Ebola epidemic broke out, she led her team to develop the world’s first Ebola vaccine, a 29 (remark) achievement that drew global attention and saved numerous lives in Africa. During the COVID-19 pandemic, her team raced against time to develop vaccines, 30 role in prohibiting the virus spread was undeniable. Chen Wei’s contributions have been 31 (wide) acknowledged. She has won many top honors for her hard work. Her research is of great 32 (significant) to national biosecurity, with consequent influences that will benefit generations 33 (come). She truly sets a shining example for young scientists. （四）应用文写作 假定你是李华。你原定下个月去英国参加笔友Kevin的高中毕业典礼, 现因故无法成行。请给他发一封电子邮件, 内容包括:  1.深表歉意;  2.解释原因;   3.衷心祝福。 Dear Kevin, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $