精品解析：上海市延安中学2023-2024学年第一学期9月质量调研高三年级英语试卷

2023学年第一学期9月质量调研高三年级英语试卷 （时间：120分钟，满分：140） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you’ll hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. By watching the dragon boat races with his parents. B. By having a picnic in the mountain with some friends. C. By going to have a mountain picnic with his parents. D. By boating with his parents on the Dragon Boat Festival. 2. A. She didn’t take the congratulation from the man seriously. B. She needed more time for further study than her classmates. C. She worked hard to improve her composition in fact. D. She should have spent time polishing her composition. 3. A. The man calls home as often as the woman. B. The man doesn’t have time to call home often. C. The woman has nothing to do in the dormitory. D. The woman doesn’t keep in touch with her family. 4. A. Attend a ball with the man. B. Convene a committee meeting. C. Go to Bill’s birthday party. D. Come face to face with her leader. 5. A. She seems to favour washing. B. She seldom goes shopping. C. She never cooks at home. D. She prefers shopping to washing. 6. A. The heavy rain. B. The earthquake. C. The strong wind. D. The sandstorm. 7. A. A vocation option. B. An online course. C. Earlier graduation. D. Summer vacation plans. 8. A. In a restaurant. B. In a laboratory. C. In a hospital. D. In a classroom. 9. A. Read the ingredient list on the bottle. B. Make a decision based on their taste. C. Ask for the origin of grapes of wine. D. Examine the aroma of the wed wine. 10. A. He forgot to call up the woman. B. He finally made up his mind to buy a car. C. He didn’t mean to bother the woman. D. He didn’t say he would call the woman. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. They thinned their coffee crops. B. They planted too much coffee crops. C. They occupied Venezuela’s mountains. D. They drove away red siskins from the forest. 12. A. They can get funds from the government. B. They can sell the coffee beans at a higher price. C. They can prevent coffee plants disappearing. D. They can draw attention from more consumers. 13. A. Organic coffee beans with more production. B. Coffee farmers devoted to bird protection. C. A project intended to save an endangered bird. D. A private zoo serving as a breeding center. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Why people laugh. B. What good laughter does. C. How laughter can be collected. D. Who introduced World Laughter Day. 15. A. Social behavior. B. Something funny. C. Stress and loneliness. D. The understanding of self. 16. A. People don’t laugh while alone. B. People like to ask someone else to laugh. C. People are willing to laugh when asked to. D. People will fake a laugh while with a stranger. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The relationship between farmers, Ward and Sears. B. The development of the catalog sales business. C. The relationship between the catalog and textbooks. D. The story of a Chicago retailer in the late 1800s. 18. A. He wanted to keep up with Ward. B. He wanted to help his brother Ward. C. He thought this business was profitable. D. He enjoyed competition in this business. 19. A. City residents. B. Farmers. C. Business people. D. Students. 20. A. The schools were lacking in textbooks at that time. B. They helped improve students’ skills of spelling and adding. C. They helped students become familiar with a variety of goods. D. The students could order things from the catalogs. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The first Oxford word of the year to be chosen by public vote has been announced. The winning word, “goblin mode”, is a slang term describing “unapologetically self-indulgent, lazy, or greedy” behaviour. Thousands managed to drag ____1____ out of goblin mode to vote, as the phrase won by a landslide with 318,956 votes, making up 93% of the total. It is the first time the word of the year ____2____ (choose) by the public, a decision made in a year organizers described as “more divided than ever”. The president of Oxford Languages, Casper Grathwohl, said that he and his colleagues were “hoping the public would enjoy____3____ (bring) into the process”. Grathwohl added, “The level of engagement had caught us totally by surprise. The strength of the response highlights ____4____ important our vocabulary is to understanding who we are and processing what’s happening to the world around us. Given the year we’ve just experienced, ‘goblin mode’ resonates with all of us who are feeling a little overwhelmed at this point”. “It’s a relief ____5____ (acknowledge) that we’re not always the idealised, curated (精心策划的) selves that we’re encouraged to present on our Instagram and TikTok feeds.” The winning term was first seen on Twitter as early as 2009, ____6____ actually went viral on social media in February 2022 after being tweeted in a mocked-up headline. Goblin mode “embraces the comforts of depravity (堕落)”, wrote The Guardian technology reporter Kari Paul in March, who attributed the rise in the phrase’s usage to “the pandemic’s third year and the ____7____ (fear) launch of World War Three”. The OUP noted that the usage of goblin mode rose in the first half of 2022, ____8____ Covid restrictions were being eased in many countries. “Seemingly, it captured the prevailing mood of individuals who rejected the idea of returning to ‘normal life’, or rebelled ____9____ the increasingly unattainable aesthetic standards and unsustainable lifestyles exhibited on social media.” Goblin mode joins previous Oxford words of the year “vax” (2021), “climate emergency”(2019), and “selfie”(2013). Other dictionaries have also selected 2022 words of the year: Collins chose “permacrisis” ____10____ Cambridge Dictionaries went for “homer,” which went viral in May thanks to the game Wordle. 【答案】1. themselves 2. has been chosen 3. being brought 4. how 5. to acknowledge 6. but 7. feared 8. when 9. against 10. while 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了牛津词典首个公众投票选出的年度热词goblin mode (哥布林模式)，介绍该词含义、起源、走红背景，同时列举其他词典选出的年度词汇。 【1题详解】 考查代词。句意：成千上万的人成功地把自己从“哥布林模式”中抽出身来参与投票，这个短语以318956票的压倒性优势胜出，占总票数的93%。句子主语Thousands指代成千上万的人，此处表达这些人把自己从该模式中脱离出来，需用反身代词themselves作drag的宾语，对应主语的复数概念。 【2题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这是年度词汇首次由公众选出，组织者称做出这一决定的这一年“比以往任何时候都更分裂”。固定句型It is the first time that...中从句要使用现在完成时，主语the word of the year为单数且和动词choose是被动关系，谓语用has been chosen。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：牛津语言部主任卡斯珀·格拉斯沃表示，他和同事们“希望公众能享受参与到这个过程中来的体验”。固定搭配enjoy doing sth.表示“享受做某事”，同时逻辑主语the public和bring into the process是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式being brought。  【4题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：公众反响的强烈程度凸显了我们的词汇对于认识自我、理解周遭世界发生的事有多么重要。此处引导宾语从句，修饰形容词important，表达“多么”的含义，用程度副词how。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：承认我们并不总是被鼓励在Instagram和抖音动态中展现的那种理想化的、精心打造的自我，是一种解脱。固定句型It is a relief to do sth.中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式结构，故填动词不定式to acknowledge。  【6题详解】 考查连词。句意：这个获奖词汇最早在2009年就出现在推特上，但直到2022年2月，在一条模拟新闻标题的推文发布后，它才真正在社交媒体上走红。前后两个分句“2009年首次出现”和“2022年才走红”是转折逻辑关系，用转折连词but。  【7题详解】 考查形容词。句意：《卫报》科技记者卡里·保罗在3月写道，哥布林模式“接纳了自甘堕落的舒适感”，她将这个短语的使用量上升归因于“疫情的第三年以及令人担忧的第三次世界大战的爆发”。此处修饰名词launch，需要用形容词作定语，fear的形容词形式feared表示“恐惧的、令人担忧的”。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：牛津大学出版社指出，2022年上半年，许多国家放宽新冠疫情限制措施时，“哥布林模式”的使用量有所上升。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the first half of 2022，表示时间，在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。  【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：它显然抓住了那些拒绝回归“正常生活”的人的主流情绪，或者说他们反抗社交媒体上展现的越来越难以企及的审美标准和不可持续的生活方式。固定搭配rebel against是固定短语，意为“反抗、反叛”。 【10题详解】 考查连词。句意：其他词典也选出了2022年的年度词汇：柯林斯词典选了“permacrisis (长期危机)”，而剑桥词典选了“homer”，这个词在5月因为游戏Wordle而走红。前后两个分句分别介绍两本不同词典的选择，是对比的逻辑关系，用连词while。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. problematic B. current C. implications D. synthesize E. specialized F. power G. property H. conduct I. distributed J. issues K. credible On Saturday July 22, researchers in South Korea published a paper announcing the synthesis of what could be the world’s first ambient-temperature superconductor (常温超导体). If their findings are genuine, then the ____11____ are huge. But most experts are skeptical. Researchers around the world are trying to copy and check the Korean researchers’ findings. The most ____12____ attempts have found that LK-99 — the name the Korean researchers gave the material — is not actually superconductive at room temperatures. A superconductor is a material that can levitate (悬浮) in a magnetic field and ____13____ electricity without resistance — when cables get hot, that’s because of resistance. There are a number of materials that exhibit superconductivity at temperatures ranging from 4 Kelvin, -452.5℉ for mercury to 250 Kelvin,-9.7℉, for lanthanum hydride under high pressures. The large magnetic fields required for MRI scanners, for example, are generated by passing a large ____14____ through a superconductor (typically MRI machines use niobium titanium superconductors cooled to below 9.3 Kelvin,-442.9℉, using liquid helium). But the low temperatures required mean that superconductors can only be used in ____15____ settings. Scientists have long been searching for a material that exhibits ambient-temperature superconductivity — in other words, a material that wouldn’t need to be cooled in order to be useful. Ambient-temperature superconductors could be used to create efficient electricity grids (电网) — currently around 5% of energy sent and ____16____ in the U. S. is lost due to resistance. Computer chips made with superconducting materials could be 50 to 100 times as efficient as today’s computer chips, which would help reduce the climate cost of data centers that ____17____ the Internet’s most popular sites. There are a number of ____18____ with the quality of the papers, says Simon Clarke, a professor of chemistry at the University of Oxford. The Korean researchers did not ____19____ a pure sample of LK-99,which is made by introducing a small amount of copper (铜) into a lead-phosphate mineral (磷酸铅), and they didn’t carry out the types of analysis usually used to verify the structure of a newly discovered material. While they did report a measurement of no resistance, Clarke stressed measuring resistance reliably requires a pure sample, something that the Korean team did not produce. The researchers also uploaded a video of a sample of LK-99 partially levitating. However, levitation could just mean that the material is diamagnetic (抗磁性的) — a common ____20____ found in many materials including copper — says Clarke. 【答案】11. C 12. K 13. H 14. B 15. E 16. I 17. F 18. J 19. D 20. G 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了韩国研究者宣称发现常温超导体LK‑99，阐述超导体原理与常温超导的巨大应用前景，但多国重复实验并不支持该结论；牛津教授指出该论文存在样品、实验检测等诸多质量缺陷，样品悬浮现象也可能只是普通抗磁属性。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果他们的研究发现属实，那么其影响将是巨大的。空处位于定冠词the之后作主语，应用名词，implications意为“影响、意义”，符合语境。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：可信度最高的复现实验发现，这种被韩国研究者命名为LK‑99的材料，实际上在室温下并不具备超导特性。空处位于most之后，修饰名词attempts，应用形容词，credible意为“可信的”，符合语境。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：超导体是一种可以在磁场中悬浮并且无电阻导电的材料——电缆发热，就是由电阻造成的。空前有并列连词and，空处作并列谓语，应用动词，conduct electricity是固定搭配，意为“导电”。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：例如，核磁共振扫描仪所需要的强磁场，是通过向超导体通入大电流产生的（核磁共振设备通常使用铌钛超导体，依靠液氦将其冷却至9.3开尔文，即‑442.9华氏度以下）。空处位于a large后，应用名词，current意为“电流”，符合语境。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但是所需的低温条件意味着超导体只能应用于一些专门的场景当中。空处修饰名词settings，应用形容词，specialized意为“专门的、专业的”，符合语境。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：常温超导体可以被用来打造高效电网——目前在美国，输送与分配的电能当中大约有5%会因为电阻而损耗。空前有并列连词and，空处与sent并列，应用动词的过去分词作后置定语修饰名词energy，distributed意为“分配、配送”，符合语境。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：使用超导材料制成的计算机芯片效率可以达到当今芯片的50‑100倍，这将有助于降低为互联网主流网站提供算力的数据中心所产生的气候代价。that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，空处作从句谓语，应用动词，power意为“驱动、给……供能”，符合语境。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：牛津大学化学教授西蒙・克拉克表示，这几篇论文在质量上存在诸多问题。空处位于a number of后作主语，应用名词，issues意为“问题”，符合语境。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：韩国的研究人员没有合成出纯净的LK‑99样品，该材料是向磷酸铅矿物中掺入少量铜得到的，并且他们也没有开展通常用来验证新发现材料结构的各类分析。空处位于助动词did not后作谓语，应用动词，synthesize意为“合成”，符合语境。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而克拉克说，悬浮现象仅仅有可能说明该材料具有抗磁性，这是包括铜在内的许多材料都具备的一种常见物理特性。空处位于a common后，应用名词，property意为“属性、性质”，符合语境。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension（45分） Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Exams are stressful. The silence of the hall; the eye of the invigilator (监考人员); the ____21____ expression of the person sitting at the neighbouring desk who has finished 15 minutes early. It therefore seems ____22____ surprising that those who worry about taking tests do systematically worse than those who do not. What is, perhaps, ____23____, according to research published recently in Psychological Science by Maria Theobald and her colleagues, is that it is not the pressure of the exam hall which causes the problem. It is the pressure of ____24____. Dr Theobald theorised that if anxiety was truly ____25____ with a student’s ability to transfer known information from brain to paper via pen, then those with high levels of it would perform worse in a real exam than in either a mock (模拟) beforehand or during online practice sessions. ____26____, she expected this performance-drop to correlate with levels of self-reported exam nerves. She then worked with 309 German medical students who were preparing for their final state exam. During the 100 days before the actual papers, all her volunteers used a digital-learning platform which presented them with old exam questions and ____27____ their performance. They also sat a mock examination 40 days before the real thing. To ____28____ their levels of anxiety, they were asked, every day for 40 days in the run up to the real exam and also on the day of that exam, to respond on a five-point scale to statements like, “I feel tense and nervous”. On the day of the mock they were similarly asked to ____29____ statements like, “I worry whether I have studied enough”. Contrary to Dr Theobald’s expectation, anxiety on the day of the test did not predict exam performance at all. What did predict it was the level of knowledge a student displayed in the mock exam and the earlier digital-learning activities. Those who performed well in these also did well in the real thing, ____30____ how anxious they were on the day. What actually ____31____ students, it turned out, were high levels of anxiety during the weeks before the exam took place. The greater a student’s anxiety in the days before the exam, the lower his or her knowledge-gain was during that period, leaving that student with less material to regurgitate (照搬) during the exam itself. And this, paradoxically (自相矛盾似地), is a positive discovery, for it suggests a change of ____32____ to revision by the anxious might help improve their results. Dr Theobald notes that test-anxiety is at its worst when students have ____33____ expectations of success and simultaneously know that passing the exam is exceedingly important. To reduce this anxiety, she proposes a two-fold strategy for students to consider as they revise. First, they can raise their belief in their own ____34____ by reminding themselves of just how much they know. Second, they can decrease the ____35____ of the test by reminding themselves that, while it is important, it is not a life or death situation. It really isn’t. Really. 21. A. puzzled B. satisfied C. pained D. worried 22. A. extremely B. wholly C. hardly D. slightly 23. A. critical B. predictable C. coincident D. surprising 24. A. revision B. anxiety C. expectancy D. complexity 25. A. interfering B. agreeing C. struggling D. engaging 26. A. Therefore B. Nevertheless C. Moreover D. Instead 27. A. boosted B. logged C. drilled D. affected 28. A. function B. exceed C. assess D. relieve 29. A. rate B. respond C. confirm D. answer 30. A. in spite of B. regardless of C. contrary to D. in line with 31. A. prevented B. predicted C. dismissed D. comforted 32. A. resolution B. medication C. approach D. mentality 33. A. optimistic B. low C. reasonable D. unrealistic 34. A. forces B. blessings C. abilities D. merits 35. A. pressure B. significance C. anxiety D. security 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了一项心理学研究，真正阻碍学生考试发挥的并非考试当天的紧张，而是考前复习阶段长期的焦虑；文章最后给出两条调整心态、缓解考试焦虑的应对策略。 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：考场一片寂静；监考老师的目光；邻桌那位提前十五分钟就答完试卷的考生脸上志得意满的神情。A. puzzled困惑的；B. satisfied满意的；C. pained痛苦的；D. worried担忧的。根据空后的“who has finished 15 minutes early”可知，提前做完试卷的考生应是满意的神情。 【22题详解】 考查副词。句意：因此，担心考试的人总体考得更差，这似乎几乎不足为奇。A. extremely极其；B. wholly完全；C. hardly几乎不；D. slightly稍微。根据文章首句“Exams are stressful.”可知，考试充满压力，根据常识，担心考试的人考得差是普遍现象，因此这件事几乎不足为奇。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但玛利亚・特奥巴尔德及其同事近期发表在《心理科学》上的研究得出一个或许令人意外的结论：造成该问题的并不是考场现场带来的压力。A. critical关键的；B. predictable可预测的；C. coincident巧合的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据前文“those who worry about taking tests do systematically worse than those who do not”可知，担心考试的人考得差，本句转折：但研究发现不是考场现场带来的压力造成的问题，这个结论出人意料。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：真正的压力来自复习。A. revision复习；B. anxiety焦虑；C. expectancy期待；D. complexity复杂性。前文“it is not the pressure of the exam hall which causes the problem.”说造成该问题的并不是考场现场带来的压力，结合全文可知，后文反复讨论考前复习阶段的焦虑影响了学习效果，因此真正的压力来自复习。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：特奥巴尔德博士提出理论：如果焦虑真的会干扰学生把脑中已知知识通过笔输出到试卷上，那么高度焦虑的学生在真实考试中的表现，会比之前模拟考试或者线上练习更差。A. interfering干扰；B. agreeing同意；C. struggling挣扎；D. engaging参与。根据后文“then those with high levels of it would perform worse in a real exam”可知，高度焦虑的学生在真实考试中的表现会更差，也就是焦虑真的会干扰学生把脑中已知知识通过笔输出到试卷上，固定搭配interfere with意为“干扰、妨碍”。 【26题详解】 考查副词。句意：此外，她还预计这种成绩下滑会和学生自我报告的考试焦虑程度相关。A. Therefore因此；B. Nevertheless然而；C. Moreover此外；D. Instead相反。前文“Dr Theobald theorised that if anxiety was truly”提出第一条理论假设，此处追加第二个假设，属于递进逻辑，Moreover符合语境。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：正式考试前100天，所有受试者使用数字学习平台，平台会向他们展示历年考题并且记录他们的答题表现。A. boosted提升；B. logged记录；C. drilled训练；D. affected影响。根据前文“all her volunteers used a digital-learning platform”可知，学生使用数字学习平台做往年真题，平台会记录他们的表现，log此处意为“记录”，符合学习平台的功能属性。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：为评估他们的焦虑水平，在正式考试前的40天直至考试当天，他们被要求针对诸如“我感到紧张不安”这类表述，按照五分制作出作答。A. function起作用；B. exceed超过；C. assess评估；D. relieve缓解。根据后文“to respond on a five-point scale to statements like, ‘I feel tense and nervous’.”可知，让学生给诸如“我感到紧张不安”这类表述打分，研究人员做此问卷，目的是评估学生的焦虑水平。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：模拟考试当天，同样要求受试者对诸如“我担心自己复习得不够充分”这类描述进行评分。A. rate评分；B. respond回应；C. confirm确认；D. answer回答。根据前文“to respond on a five-point scale to statements like, ‘I feel tense and nervous’.”可知，让学生给诸如“我感到紧张不安”这类表述，按照五分制打分，此处指模拟考试当天也让学生给相关描述打分评估状态。 【30题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：那些在模拟和线上练习表现优异的学生，真实考试同样考得好，不管考试当天他们有多焦虑。A. in spite of尽管；B. regardless of不管；C. contrary to与……相反；D. in line with与…… 一致。根据前文“Contrary to Dr Theobald’s expectation, anxiety on the day of the test did not predict exam performance at all.”可知，与特奥巴尔德博士的预想相反，考试当天的焦虑完全无法预测考试成绩，此处指模拟和线上练习表现好的学生，正式考试也能考好，不管当天有多焦虑。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：结果表明，真正阻碍学生发挥的，是考试前几周持续的高度焦虑。A. prevented阻碍；B. predicted预示；C. dismissed不予考虑；D. comforted安慰。根据后文“The greater a student’s anxiety in the days before the exam, the lower his or her knowledge-gain was during that period, leaving that student with less material to regurgitate during the exam itself.”可知，学生在考前这段时间越焦虑，在此期间的知识收获就越少，考试时能够背诵输出的内容也就越少，也就是说考前的高度焦虑会阻碍学生取得好成绩。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：矛盾的是，这是一个积极发现：这表明焦虑的学生改变复习方式，或许有助于提升成绩。A. resolution决心；B. medication药物；C. approach方法；D. mentality心态。根据后文“she proposes a two-fold strategy for students to consider as they revise.”可知，特奥巴尔德博士给学生们提出了复习策略，也就是焦虑的学生可以改变复习的方法来提升成绩。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：特奥巴尔德博士指出：当学生对成功的期待很低，同时又清楚这场考试至关重要时，考试焦虑会达到顶峰。A. optimistic乐观的；B. low低的；C. reasonable合理的；D. unrealistic不切实际的。根据空前的“test-anxiety is at its worst when students have”可知，此时考试焦虑最严重，学生对自己成功的期望值很低，同时又清楚通过考试极其重要，这种落差会催生严重焦虑。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：第一，学生可以不断提醒自己已经掌握的知识，以此提升对自身能力的信心。A. forces力量；B. blessings福气；C. abilities能力；D. merits优点。根据空后的“by reminding themselves of just how much they know.”可知，要提醒自己已经掌握多少知识，作用是增强对自身能力的信心。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：第二，学生可以淡化这场考试的重要性，提醒自己：考试固然重要，但并非生死攸关。A. pressure压力；B. significance重要性；C. anxiety焦虑；D. security安全。根据后文“while it is important, it is not a life or death situation.”可知，考试虽然重要，但不是生死攸关，也就是要淡化考试的重要性。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） The rise of new social media platforms often leads to worries that their content might increase the risk of eating disorders. But these concerns predate by far the arrival of TikTok or Instagram. The New York Times ran an article in 1985 entitled “Anorexia: It’s Not a New Disease.” It quoted one scholar who reminded readers that thinness was fashionable in the 19th century, when it was thought that “if you looked too robust, you looked like a working woman.” To be sure, the vast scope of social media has changed the way young people organize their social life. Today adolescents use it for everything from school scheduling to classwork to arranging their social life. They also use it to connect with people like themselves who might be harder to find in the physical world, especially if they are marginalized in other ways. Autistic teens, for example, or those who identify as transgender, especially in places where that identity could carry risk, can find one another in these communities. Many adolescents view aspects of their social media experiences as positive, but the platforms may pose risks for a vulnerable group. The advice for mitigating (缓解) harm related to an issue such as an eating disorder has stayed the same for decades: approach media consumption with a critical eye and a healthy dose of literacy about the content you are interacting with. Unlike television or print, social media relies on algorithms that “constantly monitor and engage you,” says Komal Bhatia, who co-authored a recent review on public health aspects of disordered eating and social media exposure. She and her UCL colleague Alexandra Dane concluded that social media is a “plausible risk factor” in developing eating disorders. With the power to push out far more images than traditional media, “social media, in that essence, is different” because site runners are “only too happy for us to put our pictures of ourselves out there,” Bhatia says. Users must get into the habit of considering the reality of images purporting (声称) to represent a “normal”, “average” or “desirable” body. What many users see on social media represents “a modified reality to some degree”, she says. Guiding young people to develop critical skills makes it possible for them to be proactive and is preferable to just telling them they can’t use these platforms A draconian (严苛) approach does little to equip them with the skills they need, and they can still get the negative messages some other way. 36. We can learn from paragraph one that ________. A. social media platforms are to blame for anorexia in all times B. Instagram is renowned for promoting the eating disorders C. being a robust woman was fashionable in New York in 1985 D. the impact of social media on eating disorders is nothing new 37. Who might benefit from the social media most? A. Seniors who are often marginalized in society. B. Teens who like interacting with the like-minded. C. Juveniles who prefer arranging others’ social life. D. Administrators who are in charge of school scheduling. 38. What is recommended to mitigate the harm like eating disorders? A. Criticism against updates of the social media. B. More healthy doses from literacy experts. C. Moderate but critical media consumption. D. Constant interaction with the social media. 39. Which of the following statements is NOT the reason why social media lead to concerns over the risk of eating disorders? A. Users are kept more engaged due to the algorithm. B. There is a stronger impulse to push out pictures. C. Cellphones enables easier access to the platform. D. Presenting modified realities is commonplace. 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. C 【解析】 【导语】文章指出人们对于社交媒体会提升进食障碍风险的担忧并非新近才出现；社交媒体既有帮助边缘青少年找到同类的积极作用，但算法、经过修饰的图片等因素也构成潜在风险，专家建议培养青少年批判性看待媒体的能力，而非简单禁止使用平台。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The rise of new social media platforms often leads to worries that their content might increase the risk of eating disorders. But these concerns predate by far the arrival of TikTok or Instagram. (新兴社交媒体平台的兴起，常常引发人们的担忧：平台内容可能会提高进食障碍的患病风险。但这些担忧远远早于抖音或Instagram的问世)”可知，这类对内容引发进食障碍的担忧，远在抖音或Instagram出现之前就已经存在，说明社交媒体对进食障碍相关的影响并不是新鲜事。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They also use it to connect with people like themselves who might be harder to find in the physical world, especially if they are marginalized in other ways. Autistic teens, for example, or those who identify as transgender, especially in places where that identity could carry risk, can find one another in these communities. (他们还可以通过社交媒体结识在现实世界中难以遇见的志同道合者，尤其那些在其他方面被边缘化的群体。例如患有自闭症的青少年，或是自我认同为跨性别的青少年，尤其是在自身身份可能会招致风险的地区，他们能够在这些网络社群中找到彼此。)”可知，青少年可以用社交媒体联系现实中很难找到的同类人，因此喜欢和志同道合者交往的青少年受益最多。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The advice for mitigating harm related to an issue such as an eating disorder has stayed the same for decades: approach media consumption with a critical eye and a healthy dose of literacy about the content you are interacting with. (数十年来，缓解进食障碍这类问题相关伤害的建议始终没有改变：带着批判的眼光接触媒体消费，同时对自己所接触的内容具备充分的媒体辨识素养。)”可知，缓解伤害的建议是：带着批判眼光看待媒体消费，具备媒体辨识素养，也就是适度但有批判性地消费媒体内容。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Unlike television or print, social media relies on algorithms that ‘constantly monitor and engage you,’ says Komal Bhatia, who co-authored a recent review on public health aspects of disordered eating and social media exposure. (科马尔・巴蒂亚参与撰写了一篇关于进食障碍与社交媒体接触的公共卫生领域最新综述，她表示，不同于电视或纸质读物，社交媒体依靠算法‘持续监控用户，吸引用户停留’。)”及第五段“With the power to push out far more images than traditional media, ‘social media, in that essence, is different’ because site runners are ‘only too happy for us to put our pictures of ourselves out there,’ Bhatia says. Users must get into the habit of considering the reality of images purporting to represent a ‘normal’, ‘average’ or ‘desirable’ body. What many users see on social media represents ‘a modified reality to some degree’, she says. (巴蒂亚称，社交媒体能够推送数量远超传统媒体的图片，‘从本质上来说，社交媒体与此不同’，因为平台运营方‘十分乐意看到我们把自己的照片发布到网上’。用户必须养成习惯，去思考那些号称代表‘普通’、‘大众’或是‘理想’身材的图片背后的真实情况。她说，社交媒体上用户看到的很多内容，在某种程度上都是‘经过加工的现实’。)”可知，社交媒体引发进食障碍风险担忧的原因包括算法让用户保持更高的使用活跃度，存在一种更强烈的冲动去发布图片，展示经过修改的现实是普遍现象。文章未提及“手机使访问平台更容易”这一点。 （B） Summer is the perfect time to relax, unwind, and indulge in the joy of reading. As a book lover, there’s nothing quite like immersing (沉浸) yourself in an appealing story while basking in the warm sun or lounging on a sandy beach. However, with the vast selection of paperback books available, it can be overwhelming to decide which ones to choose for your summer reading adventure. Don’t worry! Bookhound, the leading online destination for book enthusiasts, has you covered. Designed to revolutionise the way people discover, discuss, and indulge in their love for books, Bookhound offers an unparalleled experience that will delight avid readers and casual bookworms alike. Must-read novels for summer Decided on a theme you like? If so, here are some must-read novels that are guaranteed to make your summer even more memorable. These books have been carefully selected for their fascinating plots, engaging writing styles, and ability to transport readers to another world. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald: This American classic is a timeless tale of love, wealth, and the pursuit of the American Dream. Set in the vibrant Jazz Age, it explores themes of decadence, illusion, and the lengths people will go to achieve their desires. Big Little Lies by Liane Moriarty: If you’re in the mood for a juicy page-turner, look no further than this gripping novel. Set in a tranquil seaside town, it delves into the lives of three women whose seemingly perfect lives unravel to reveal dark secrets and shocking truths. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee: This Pulitzer Prize-winning novel is a true literary masterpiece. Through the eyes of young Scout Finch, it tackles themes of racial injustice, morality, and the loss of innocence in the Deep South during the 1930s. Want some more recommendations? Bookhound can also help you engage in dynamic literary discussions and seek out like-minded bibliophiles, so if you’re looking for some debate around your next captivating read, don’t forget to log onto their website and meet other book lovers from around the globe. 40. Which of the following features makes the must-read novels well-received? A. One unexpected plot twist. B. Sensory details to engage readers. C. Transportation into another setting. D. Characters with appealing back stories. 41. We can learn from the recommended must-read novels that ________. A. they are stories that occurred around the 1930s B. they are solely targeted at casual bookworms C. they are distinct from each other in the theme D. they are selected as they are prize-winning ones 42. Which of the following is TRUE about Bookhound? A. Bookhound provides readers with a sand beach where they can indulge in reading books. B. An abundance of paperback books and e-books can be found available from Bookhound. C. Bookhound can serve as a vehicle for literary discussions for readers around the globe. D. Global paperback readers can interact with each other at Bookhound without the internet. 【答案】40. C 41. C 42. C 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了面向书迷的线上平台Bookhound，它推荐了三本主题各异的夏日必读小说，还支持全球读者开展线上文学交流。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“These books have been carefully selected for their fascinating plots, engaging writing styles, and ability to transport readers to another world. (挑选这些书，是因为它们拥有引人入胜的情节、动人的文笔，并且能够把读者带入另一个世界。)”可知，这些推荐小说的挑选标准是“引人入胜的情节、动人的文笔及能够把读者带入另一个世界”，对应C选项。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald: This American classic is a timeless tale of love, wealth, and the pursuit of the American Dream. (《了不起的盖茨比》——F・斯科特・菲茨杰拉德：这部美国经典作品讲述关于爱情、财富与追寻美国梦的永恒故事。)”、第五段“Big Little Lies by Liane Moriarty: If you’re in the mood for a juicy page-turner, look no further than this gripping novel. Set in a tranquil seaside town, it delves into the lives of three women whose seemingly perfect lives unravel to reveal dark secrets and shocking truths. (《大小谎言》—— 莉安・莫里亚蒂：如果你想看扣人心弦、让人手不释卷的故事，这部小说再合适不过。故事发生在宁静的海滨小镇，讲述三位女性，她们看似完美的生活逐渐瓦解，黑暗秘密与骇人真相浮出水面。)”及第六段“To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee: This Pulitzer Prize-winning novel is a true literary masterpiece. Through the eyes of young Scout Finch, it tackles themes of racial injustice, morality, and the loss of innocence in the Deep South during the 1930s. (《杀死一只知更鸟》—— 哈珀・李：这本普利策奖获奖小说是真正的文学杰作。以小女孩斯库特・芬奇的视角，讲述20世纪30年代美国南方，探讨种族不公、道德观以及纯真的消逝。)”可知，三本推荐书的主题完全不同：《了不起的盖茨比》讲爱情、财富与美国梦、《大小谎言》讲海滨小镇女性的隐秘生活、《杀死一只知更鸟》讲30年代美国南方的种族不公。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Bookhound can also help you engage in dynamic literary discussions and seek out like-minded bibliophiles, so if you’re looking for some debate around your next captivating read, don’t forget to log onto their website and meet other book lovers from around the globe. (Bookhound还能让你参与活跃的文学讨论，找到志同道合的书友。因此，如果你想围绕下一本精彩读物展开探讨，别忘了登录网站，结识来自世界各地的读书爱好者。)”可知，Bookhound可以让读者开展活跃的文学讨论、找到志同道合的书友，可以成为全球读者开展文学交流的媒介。 （C） For some employees who worked at home during the pandemic — perhaps rediscovering nature and a different rhythm of life — a return to the office may come with a surprise. Forward-looking companies are trying a new way to attract and retain workers: workplaces where nature transforms former cubicles and meeting rooms into tranquil alcoves and flexible communal spaces. The idea is not new. Think spider plants near office windows. And it builds on a deeper concept called biophilia, a term coined by social psychologist and philosopher Erich Fromm in 1964 that assumes an innate human connection to and love for nature and all living things. Yet in recent years, more architects and designers have been translating biophilia into commercial buildings. The pandemic has accelerated the trend. Its promoters put a focus not only on the mental effects of nature but also on the origins of health. In a CNBC interview, Rick Cook, biophilic pioneer and architect in the New York borough of Manhattan, describes linking humanity and nature through design as “enjoying the richness and complexity of nature and using the amazing ecosystem as a stress reduction tool to make our lives better.” More than livening up the office with a scattering of potted plants, biophilic design brings the outside in with immersive experiences. Companies with deep pockets such as Google and Amazon are blazing the biophilic path: Google’s Manhattan campus — designed by Mr. Cook’s firm — welcomes birds, caterpillars, and bees (and honey); in Arlington, Virginia, a 350-foot plant-covered tower rises in the shape of a double helix above Amazon’s new headquarters. Biophilic buildings can feature air-cleaning green walls, natural materials like wood, calming ponds and waterfalls, circadian lights that mimic daylight, and sounds and scents found in nature. Flexible open space can foster collaborative creativity and more mobility; individual cocoons, as in Etsy’s Manhattan offices, nurture sustained focus. “We’re looking to create workplaces that reduce stress, improve cognitive function, enhance creativity — all of these make our employees healthier, happier and more engaged in their work,” Michele Neptune of Google’s sustainability team told The Financial Times. A lofty goal. Meanwhile, returning workers can relax. “We’re blurring the line between work and home,” Asheshh Saheba, managing partner at architecture firm Steinberg Hart in San Francisco, told CNBC. “Your office doesn’t have to be enclosed at your desk.” It can also lead to a rediscovery of the mental origins of health. 43. What might come as a surprise to some employees after returning to the office? A. Numerous spider toys and plastic plants near office windows. B. Recruiting more employees who are enthusiastic about nature. C. A workplace where employees don’t need to attend meetings. D. Renovated offices whose design reconnect people with nature. 44. We can infer from the passage that biophilic design is beneficial except for ________. A. elevated focus levels B. improved mental health C. increased inventiveness D. lowered energy costs 45. What does the underlined sentence “We’re blurring the line between work and home” in the last paragraph mean? A. The workplace intends to accommodate employees if they apply. B. Employees are encouraged to work more at home instead of offices. C. The visual separation between work and home is being created. D. Companies are starting to make offices look and feel like home. 46. The passage probably aims to ________. A. persuade other forward-looking companies to embrace the biophilic design B. highlight the importance of applying the novel idea “biophilia” to workplaces C. inform the readers that companies are increasing human connection to nature D. introduce the financial benefits of employees since their return to the office 【答案】43. D 44. D 45. D 46. B 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了受疫情推动，不少企业将亲生物理念运用于办公场所改造，借助自然元素打造办公环境，并以多家大公司为例，说明该设计有益于员工身心健康、提升创造力。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“For some employees who worked at home during the pandemic — perhaps rediscovering nature and a different rhythm of life — a return to the office may come with a surprise. Forward-looking companies are trying a new way to attract and retain workers: workplaces where nature transforms former cubicles and meeting rooms into tranquil alcoves and flexible communal spaces. (对于疫情期间居家办公的部分员工而言——他们或许重新感受了大自然，体验了不一样的生活节奏——重返办公室可能会迎来一份惊喜。富有远见的企业正在尝试一种吸引并留住员工的新方式：在办公场所中融入自然，把过去的隔间与会议室改造成静谧的休憩角落以及灵活的公共活动空间。)”可知，员工重返办公室会遇到的惊喜就是企业改造后的办公环境，把原先隔间、会议室改造成融入自然的空间，其设计让人们重新和自然建立联系。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Flexible open space can foster collaborative creativity and more mobility; individual cocoons, as in Etsy’s Manhattan offices, nurture sustained focus. (灵活开放的空间能够激发协作创造力，提升活动自由度；而像Etsy的曼哈顿办公室那样的独立私密区域，则有助于人们保持专注。)”及第五段“‘We’re looking to create workplaces that reduce stress, improve cognitive function, enhance creativity — all of these make our employees healthier, happier and more engaged in their work,’ Michele Neptune of Google’s sustainability team told The Financial Times. (谷歌可持续发展团队的米歇尔・内普恩在接受《金融时报》采访时表示：“我们致力于打造可以减压、提升认知能力、增强创造力的办公环境，所有这些都能让员工更健康、更快乐，工作投入度也更高。”)”可知，亲生物设计能够提升专注力、改善心理健康、增强创造力，文中并未提及它可以降低能源成本。 【45题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Meanwhile, returning workers can relax. ‘We’re blurring the line between work and home,’ Asheshh Saheba, managing partner at architecture firm Steinberg Hart in San Francisco, told CNBC. ‘Your office doesn’t have to be enclosed at your desk.’ (与此同时，重返岗位的员工可以放松下来。建筑事务所Steinberg Hart的管理合伙人阿什什・萨赫巴接受CNBC采访时说道：“We’re blurring the line between work and home. 你的办公室不必局限于封闭的办公桌前。”)”可知，新的办公环境不再局限于封闭的办公桌，能让员工放松、获得居家般的舒适感，匹配D选项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“For some employees who worked at home during the pandemic — perhaps rediscovering nature and a different rhythm of life — a return to the office may come with a surprise. Forward-looking companies are trying a new way to attract and retain workers: workplaces where nature transforms former cubicles and meeting rooms into tranquil alcoves and flexible communal spaces. (对于疫情期间居家办公的部分员工而言——他们或许重新感受了大自然，体验了不一样的生活节奏——重返办公室可能会迎来一份惊喜。富有远见的企业正在尝试一种吸引并留住员工的新方式：在办公场所中融入自然，把过去的隔间与会议室改造成静谧的休憩角落以及灵活的公共活动空间。)”并结合全文可知，文章围绕“亲生物理念在办公场所的应用”展开，介绍了它的起源、实际案例和对员工的多重益处，核心是凸显把这个理念落地到办公场景的重要性。 Section C Directions: Fill in each blank in the article with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. THE BEST thing that has happened in Phoenix, Arizona, since the beginning of July is that the electricity grid has kept functioning. There have been deaths from heat stroke and there will be more; there has been a lot of suffering; and there will have been real economic losses. It is not just the United States, where 100m people are under heat-advisory notices, that is suffering. ____47____ By increasing the odds of a wide range of extreme events, global warming also increases the chances that they will come in waves. Unbearable heat does damage in various ways, including killing crops and livestock, but the immediate challenge it poses to human health is greatest in cities. ____48____ Cities also often have poor air quality, particularly in the places where the poorest people live; extreme heat on top of dirty air can stretch already hard-pressed lungs and hearts too far. There are things to do as soon as the mercury rises. Get homeless people to cooling stations; encourage people to look in on elderly neighbours and relatives; make it possible for those who must work outside to do so very early in the morning; put hospitals on an emergency footing. ____49____ There are also things to be done in advance. ____50____ One thing that can help is deciding where to plant trees, which both provide shade and, as water evaporates through their leaves, cool the air. There are smart choices to be made about the built environment, from the best sort of pavement and courtyards designed for passive cooling to the prevalence of white roofs. A. Officials from Beijing to Phoenix are grappling with unbearable temperatures. B. The appointment of chief heat officers empowered to co-ordinate such things in American cities, and farther afield, is a welcome trend. C. While heat planning is still so new, a new report highlights exciting accomplishments in innovation of heat mitigation. D. It is crucial to work out where the people at greatest risk live. E. Much of the Mediterranean is in similar straits, with temperatures exceeding 40℃ from Madrid to Cairo. F. Less vegetation, more sunlight-absorbing tarmac and more waste heat produce what is called the urban-heat-island effect, raising temperatures. 【答案】47. E 48. F 49. B 50. D 【解析】 【导语】文章指出高温热浪不只是美国的问题，全球变暖让极端高温频发；城市因热岛效应受伤害最严重，分别介绍了高温来袭时的应急举措，以及种树、建筑改造等提前缓解高温的方案。 【47题详解】 前文“It is not just the United States, where 100m people are under heat-advisory notices, that is suffering.(遭受煎熬的并不仅仅是美国，该国有一亿人处于高温预警之下。)”指出不只是美国正遭遇高温，E选项“Much of the Mediterranean is in similar straits, with temperatures exceeding 40℃ from Madrid to Cairo.(地中海大部分地区处境同样艰难，从马德里到开罗，气温都超过40摄氏度。)”列举地中海多国多地同样陷入高温困境，承接前文说明高温是全球性的普遍情况，符合语境。 【48题详解】 前文“Unbearable heat does damage in various ways, including killing crops and livestock, but the immediate challenge it poses to human health is greatest in cities. (酷暑以多种方式造成破坏，包括庄稼与牲畜死亡，但对人类健康最直接的威胁出现在城市。)”点明高温对人类健康的最大威胁集中在城市，F选项“Less vegetation, more sunlight-absorbing tarmac and more waste heat produce what is called the urban-heat-island effect, raising temperatures.(植被减少、吸热柏油路面变多、废热增加，就产生了所谓的城市热岛效应，使气温进一步升高。)”解释了城市热岛效应的成因，对应前文城市高温危害的话题，衔接自然。 【49题详解】 根据前文“There are things to do as soon as the mercury rises. Get homeless people to cooling stations; encourage people to look in on elderly neighbours and relatives; make it possible for those who must work outside to do so very early in the morning; put hospitals on an emergency footing.(气温一升高就有许多事情要立刻落实：把无家可归者安置到纳凉点；鼓励人们探望年老的邻里与亲属；必须户外作业的人尽量安排在清晨工作；让医院进入应急状态。)”可知，本段介绍了气温升高时的即时应急措施，B选项“The appointment of chief heat officers empowered to co-ordinate such things in American cities, and farther afield, is a welcome trend.(在美国城市及更远的地方，任命有权协调此类事务的首席高温官，是一个受欢迎的趋势。)”中的“such things”指代前文的紧急措施，设立首席高温官的目的是协调上面这些事务，放在本段结尾做评价总结。 【50题详解】 根据前文“There are also things to be done in advance.(也有不少工作需要提前开展。)”及后文“One thing that can help is deciding where to plant trees, which both provide shade and, as water evaporates through their leaves, cool the air. There are smart choices to be made about the built environment, from the best sort of pavement and courtyards designed for passive cooling to the prevalence of white roofs.(其中一项有效办法是规划植树位置：树木既提供树荫，树叶水分蒸发还可以冷却空气。在建筑环境上也有明智选择，包括选用合适路面、设计被动降温的庭院，以及推广白色屋顶。)”可知，本段介绍了提前做好高温应对的相关安排，D选项“It is crucial to work out where the people at greatest risk live. (弄清楚高危人群居住在哪里至关重要。)”指出明确高风险人群居住位置的重要性，属于事前规划，后文紧接着讲种树、建筑改造等其它提前的应对手段，语义顺承。 Ⅳ. Summary（10分） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. What Stands in Our Way of Being Happy? Happiness comprises five elements: spiritual well-being, physical well-being, intellectual well-being, relational well-being, and emotional well-being. As an interdependent collection of these five elements of SPIRE, happiness is about much more than experiencing pleasure. As Aristotle put it, happiness is the ultimate purpose of life. This means that how we spend our day-to-day lives is ultimately guided by what we think would make us happier. It simply is, like the law of nature. Even people who are tirelessly working for an important cause, for example, to eliminate world hunger, are doing it because they find their work meaningful. Meaning is an element of happiness. One barrier to happiness has to do with the expectation that happiness is an unbroken chain of positive emotions. Paradoxically, this expectation prevents people from experiencing happiness because painful emotions don’t go away when we reject them. They only grow stronger. The second barrier has to do with equating happiness with success. It’s a commonly held belief that happiness can be attained by achieving certain goals, like money or fame. People tend to think that if they finally find success, they will automatically become happy. That’s not the case. Thus, if happiness is their concern, people are often chasing after the wrong things. What is the best way to pursue happiness? Indirectly. Consider the analogy with the sun. Imagine you go outside on a beautiful day. If you look up at the sun directly, you’ll hurt yourself. But if you take the same sun rays and break them down using a prism, you’ll be able to enjoy the colors of a rainbow. Similarly, pursuing happiness directly can hurt us, pursuing it indirectly — by breaking it down into its metaphorical colors (such as the SPIRE elements) — can contribute to our well-being. Spending more time doing things that are meaningful to us, starting a meditation practice, exercising, performing acts of kindness, learning something new, or expressing gratitude for what we have, are all indirect ways of pursuing happiness. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： Composed of spiritual, physical, intellectual, relational and emotional elements, happiness is the ultimate purpose of life. Yet two barriers block our access to it: viewing happiness as constant positive emotions and equating it with success. The solution lies in indirect pursuit: meaningful activities like meditation, exercise, kindness, learning, and gratitude, which all contribute to our well-being. (56words) 【解析】 【导语】文章指出幸福包含五大要素，是人生的终极目标，同时指出人们对幸福存在两种错误认知，作者借助太阳的类比说明：不应直接追求幸福，而应通过落实各项要素间接获得幸福。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Happiness comprises five elements: spiritual well-being, physical well-being, intellectual well-being, relational well-being, and emotional well-being. ②As Aristotle put it, happiness is the ultimate purpose of life. ③One barrier to happiness has to do with the expectation that happiness is an unbroken chain of positive emotions. ④The second barrier has to do with equating happiness with success. ⑤Similarly, pursuing happiness directly can hurt us, pursuing it indirectly — by breaking it down into its metaphorical colors (such as the SPIRE elements) — can contribute to our well-being. ⑥Spending more time doing things that are meaningful to us, starting a meditation practice, exercising, performing acts of kindness, learning something new, or expressing gratitude for what we have, are all indirect ways of pursuing happiness. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2点进行重组，将第3、4两个错误认知进行整合，将第5、6点作为总结。 3.遣词造句 Composed of spiritual, physical, intellectual, relational and emotional elements, happiness is the ultimate purpose of life. Yet two barriers block our access to it: viewing happiness as constant positive emotions and equating it with success. The solution lies in indirect pursuit: meaningful activities like meditation, exercise, kindness, learning, and gratitude, which all contribute to our well-being. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Composed of spiritual, physical, intellectual, relational and emotional elements, happiness is the ultimate purpose of life. (运用了过去分词短语作状语) 【高分句型2】The solution lies in indirect pursuit: meaningful activities like meditation, exercise, kindness, learning, and gratitude, which all contribute to our well-being. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) Ⅴ. Translation（15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 在最具影响力的十位天文学家中，你认为谁对世界贡献最大?（contribute）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Who do you think has contributed most to the world among the ten most influential astronomers? 【解析】 【详解】“在最具影响力的十位天文学家中”表达为among the ten most influential astronomers，among用于三者及以上范围的“在……之中”，适配十位天文学家的范围限定；“你认为”表达为do you think，是特殊疑问句插入语，放在疑问词who之后，后续内容用陈述语序；“对……贡献”为固定搭配contribute to；“最大”用副词最高级most修饰动词contribute，询问的是截至目前已经完成、对现在仍有影响的贡献，故用现在完成时，主语who指代单数个体，助动词用has，注意句首单词首字母需大写。 53. 人间四月芳菲尽，山寺桃花始盛开。（until）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The peach blossoms in the hill temple don’t begin to bloom until April when all the flowers in the outside world fade. 【解析】 【详解】原句中文释义为：四月时平地上的各类香花都已凋谢，直到此时山中寺院的桃花才开始盛放。“人间”此处指平原上的世俗人居区域，表达为in the outside world；“四月”表达为April；“芳菲”指各类香花，表达为all the flowers；“尽”指凋谢，表达为fade；“山寺”指山中寺院，表达为in the hill temple；“桃花”表达为the peach blossoms；“始盛开”指才开始绽放，表达为begin to bloom，本句描述客观物候规律，用一般现在时，原句逻辑为“直到前一动作完成后后一动作才发生”，适配not...until结构。 54. 这个城镇地处荒无人烟的地区，它的存在主要得益于丰富的矿藏和辛勤劳作的工人。（owe）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The town located in a desolate area owes its existence mainly to rich mineral deposits and diligent workers. 【解析】 【详解】“这个城镇”表达为the town，“地处荒无人烟的地区”表达为be located in a desolate area，此处用过去分词短语作后置定语修饰the town，去掉be动词；“它的存在”表达为its existence；“主要”表达为mainly；题干要求使用owe，“得益于”表达为固定搭配owe sth. to sth.；“丰富的矿藏”表达为rich mineral deposits；“辛勤劳作的工人”表达为diligent workers，本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语the town为第三人称单数，故谓语动词owe用第三人称单数形式owes，注意句首单词首字母需大写。 55. 赤道是一条环绕地球的虚拟线，在那里你会惊讶地发现自己的体重会比在南极洲轻了一点。（where）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Equator is an imaginary line circling the Earth, where you will be amazed to find that you weigh a bit less than in Antarctica. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句、非谓语动词和宾语从句。“赤道”表达为名词the Equator；“是”表达为系动词 is；“一条虚拟线”表达为名词短语an imaginary line，作表语；“环绕地球”表达为动词circle，修饰名词line，line与circle 构成主动关系，用现在分词circling作后置定语；“在那里”用非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the equator，关系词指代先行词在从句中作地点状语，从句用关系副词where引导；“会惊讶地发现”表达为will be amazed to find；“自己的体重会比在南极洲轻了一点”为宾语从句作find 的宾语，“体重”用动词weigh表达，“轻了一点”表达为a bit less，“比在南极洲”表达为than in Antarctica，主句讲述客观事实，时态使用一般现在时。从句表达将会发生的情况，时态使用一般将来时。 Ⅵ. Guided Writing（25分） 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的高三学生吴磊。在学校统一规定的午餐时间里，三个年级的学生会集中到食堂就餐。在这当中，存在一些学生“争分夺秒”奔跑去食堂就餐的现象。为杜绝这一现象，校方委托学生会向同学们征集意见，请你向学生会写封邮件。内容须包括： 1. 提出问题；2. 提出改进的建议及理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Student Union, I’m Wu Lei, a Senior Three student from Mingqi High School. I’m writing to offer some suggestions on the rush‑to‑canteen problem. During the official lunch break, students from all three grades flood into the canteen at the same time. To get meals faster, some students run all the way to the canteen. This risky behaviour may cause falls and collisions, which threatens students’ personal safety. Besides, rushing creates disorder at the canteen entrance. To solve the problem, I have two practical suggestions. First, we can adopt separate lunch‑time arrangements. Different grades go for lunch at slightly different times, so the number of diners will be reduced. Second, more serving windows can be opened to shorten waiting time. If students do not need to queue for long, they will have no reason to rush. I hope my advice will be taken into consideration. Yours sincerely, Wu Lei 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以明启中学的高三学生吴磊的身份向学生会写封邮件，就学生“争分夺秒”奔跑去食堂就餐的问题提出改进的建议及理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 减少：reduce→decrease 引起：cause→give rise to 产生：create→generate 解决：solve→address 2. 句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Second, more serving windows can be opened to shorten waiting time. If students do not need to queue for long, they will have no reason to rush. 拓展句：Second, more serving windows can be opened to shorten waiting time, after which students will have no reason to rush if they do not need to queue for long. 【点睛】【高分句型1】This risky behaviour may cause falls and collisions, which threatens students’ personal safety. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】If students do not need to queue for long, they will have no reason to rush. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2023学年第一学期9月质量调研高三年级英语试卷 （时间：120分钟，满分：140） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you’ll hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. By watching the dragon boat races with his parents. B. By having a picnic in the mountain with some friends. C. By going to have a mountain picnic with his parents. D. By boating with his parents on the Dragon Boat Festival. 2. A. She didn’t take the congratulation from the man seriously. B. She needed more time for further study than her classmates. C. She worked hard to improve her composition in fact. D. She should have spent time polishing her composition. 3. A. The man calls home as often as the woman. B. The man doesn’t have time to call home often. C. The woman has nothing to do in the dormitory. D. The woman doesn’t keep in touch with her family. 4. A. Attend a ball with the man. B. Convene a committee meeting. C. Go to Bill’s birthday party. D. Come face to face with her leader. 5. A. She seems to favour washing. B. She seldom goes shopping. C. She never cooks at home. D. She prefers shopping to washing. 6. A. The heavy rain. B. The earthquake. C. The strong wind. D. The sandstorm. 7. A. A vocation option. B. An online course. C. Earlier graduation. D. Summer vacation plans. 8. A. In a restaurant. B. In a laboratory. C. In a hospital. D. In a classroom. 9. A. Read the ingredient list on the bottle. B. Make a decision based on their taste. C. Ask for the origin of grapes of wine. D. Examine the aroma of the wed wine. 10. A. He forgot to call up the woman. B. He finally made up his mind to buy a car. C. He didn’t mean to bother the woman. D. He didn’t say he would call the woman. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. They thinned their coffee crops. B. They planted too much coffee crops. C. They occupied Venezuela’s mountains. D. They drove away red siskins from the forest. 12. A. They can get funds from the government. B. They can sell the coffee beans at a higher price. C. They can prevent coffee plants disappearing. D. They can draw attention from more consumers. 13. A. Organic coffee beans with more production. B. Coffee farmers devoted to bird protection. C. A project intended to save an endangered bird. D. A private zoo serving as a breeding center. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Why people laugh. B. What good laughter does. C. How laughter can be collected. D. Who introduced World Laughter Day. 15. A. Social behavior. B. Something funny. C. Stress and loneliness. D. The understanding of self. 16. A. People don’t laugh while alone. B. People like to ask someone else to laugh. C. People are willing to laugh when asked to. D. People will fake a laugh while with a stranger. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The relationship between farmers, Ward and Sears. B. The development of the catalog sales business. C. The relationship between the catalog and textbooks. D. The story of a Chicago retailer in the late 1800s. 18. A. He wanted to keep up with Ward. B. He wanted to help his brother Ward. C. He thought this business was profitable. D. He enjoyed competition in this business. 19. A. City residents. B. Farmers. C. Business people. D. Students. 20. A. The schools were lacking in textbooks at that time. B. They helped improve students’ skills of spelling and adding. C. They helped students become familiar with a variety of goods. D. The students could order things from the catalogs. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The first Oxford word of the year to be chosen by public vote has been announced. The winning word, “goblin mode”, is a slang term describing “unapologetically self-indulgent, lazy, or greedy” behaviour. Thousands managed to drag ____1____ out of goblin mode to vote, as the phrase won by a landslide with 318,956 votes, making up 93% of the total. It is the first time the word of the year ____2____ (choose) by the public, a decision made in a year organizers described as “more divided than ever”. The president of Oxford Languages, Casper Grathwohl, said that he and his colleagues were “hoping the public would enjoy____3____ (bring) into the process”. Grathwohl added, “The level of engagement had caught us totally by surprise. The strength of the response highlights ____4____ important our vocabulary is to understanding who we are and processing what’s happening to the world around us. Given the year we’ve just experienced, ‘goblin mode’ resonates with all of us who are feeling a little overwhelmed at this point”. “It’s a relief ____5____ (acknowledge) that we’re not always the idealised, curated (精心策划的) selves that we’re encouraged to present on our Instagram and TikTok feeds.” The winning term was first seen on Twitter as early as 2009, ____6____ actually went viral on social media in February 2022 after being tweeted in a mocked-up headline. Goblin mode “embraces the comforts of depravity (堕落)”, wrote The Guardian technology reporter Kari Paul in March, who attributed the rise in the phrase’s usage to “the pandemic’s third year and the ____7____ (fear) launch of World War Three”. The OUP noted that the usage of goblin mode rose in the first half of 2022, ____8____ Covid restrictions were being eased in many countries. “Seemingly, it captured the prevailing mood of individuals who rejected the idea of returning to ‘normal life’, or rebelled ____9____ the increasingly unattainable aesthetic standards and unsustainable lifestyles exhibited on social media.” Goblin mode joins previous Oxford words of the year “vax” (2021), “climate emergency”(2019), and “selfie”(2013). Other dictionaries have also selected 2022 words of the year: Collins chose “permacrisis” ____10____ Cambridge Dictionaries went for “homer,” which went viral in May thanks to the game Wordle. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. problematic B. current C. implications D. synthesize E. specialized F. power G. property H. conduct I. distributed J. issues K. credible On Saturday July 22, researchers in South Korea published a paper announcing the synthesis of what could be the world’s first ambient-temperature superconductor (常温超导体). If their findings are genuine, then the ____11____ are huge. But most experts are skeptical. Researchers around the world are trying to copy and check the Korean researchers’ findings. The most ____12____ attempts have found that LK-99 — the name the Korean researchers gave the material — is not actually superconductive at room temperatures. A superconductor is a material that can levitate (悬浮) in a magnetic field and ____13____ electricity without resistance — when cables get hot, that’s because of resistance. There are a number of materials that exhibit superconductivity at temperatures ranging from 4 Kelvin, -452.5℉ for mercury to 250 Kelvin,-9.7℉, for lanthanum hydride under high pressures. The large magnetic fields required for MRI scanners, for example, are generated by passing a large ____14____ through a superconductor (typically MRI machines use niobium titanium superconductors cooled to below 9.3 Kelvin,-442.9℉, using liquid helium). But the low temperatures required mean that superconductors can only be used in ____15____ settings. Scientists have long been searching for a material that exhibits ambient-temperature superconductivity — in other words, a material that wouldn’t need to be cooled in order to be useful. Ambient-temperature superconductors could be used to create efficient electricity grids (电网) — currently around 5% of energy sent and ____16____ in the U. S. is lost due to resistance. Computer chips made with superconducting materials could be 50 to 100 times as efficient as today’s computer chips, which would help reduce the climate cost of data centers that ____17____ the Internet’s most popular sites. There are a number of ____18____ with the quality of the papers, says Simon Clarke, a professor of chemistry at the University of Oxford. The Korean researchers did not ____19____ a pure sample of LK-99,which is made by introducing a small amount of copper (铜) into a lead-phosphate mineral (磷酸铅), and they didn’t carry out the types of analysis usually used to verify the structure of a newly discovered material. While they did report a measurement of no resistance, Clarke stressed measuring resistance reliably requires a pure sample, something that the Korean team did not produce. The researchers also uploaded a video of a sample of LK-99 partially levitating. However, levitation could just mean that the material is diamagnetic (抗磁性的) — a common ____20____ found in many materials including copper — says Clarke. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension（45分） Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Exams are stressful. The silence of the hall; the eye of the invigilator (监考人员); the ____21____ expression of the person sitting at the neighbouring desk who has finished 15 minutes early. It therefore seems ____22____ surprising that those who worry about taking tests do systematically worse than those who do not. What is, perhaps, ____23____, according to research published recently in Psychological Science by Maria Theobald and her colleagues, is that it is not the pressure of the exam hall which causes the problem. It is the pressure of ____24____. Dr Theobald theorised that if anxiety was truly ____25____ with a student’s ability to transfer known information from brain to paper via pen, then those with high levels of it would perform worse in a real exam than in either a mock (模拟) beforehand or during online practice sessions. ____26____, she expected this performance-drop to correlate with levels of self-reported exam nerves. She then worked with 309 German medical students who were preparing for their final state exam. During the 100 days before the actual papers, all her volunteers used a digital-learning platform which presented them with old exam questions and ____27____ their performance. They also sat a mock examination 40 days before the real thing. To ____28____ their levels of anxiety, they were asked, every day for 40 days in the run up to the real exam and also on the day of that exam, to respond on a five-point scale to statements like, “I feel tense and nervous”. On the day of the mock they were similarly asked to ____29____ statements like, “I worry whether I have studied enough”. Contrary to Dr Theobald’s expectation, anxiety on the day of the test did not predict exam performance at all. What did predict it was the level of knowledge a student displayed in the mock exam and the earlier digital-learning activities. Those who performed well in these also did well in the real thing, ____30____ how anxious they were on the day. What actually ____31____ students, it turned out, were high levels of anxiety during the weeks before the exam took place. The greater a student’s anxiety in the days before the exam, the lower his or her knowledge-gain was during that period, leaving that student with less material to regurgitate (照搬) during the exam itself. And this, paradoxically (自相矛盾似地), is a positive discovery, for it suggests a change of ____32____ to revision by the anxious might help improve their results. Dr Theobald notes that test-anxiety is at its worst when students have ____33____ expectations of success and simultaneously know that passing the exam is exceedingly important. To reduce this anxiety, she proposes a two-fold strategy for students to consider as they revise. First, they can raise their belief in their own ____34____ by reminding themselves of just how much they know. Second, they can decrease the ____35____ of the test by reminding themselves that, while it is important, it is not a life or death situation. It really isn’t. Really. 21. A. puzzled B. satisfied C. pained D. worried 22. A. extremely B. wholly C. hardly D. slightly 23. A. critical B. predictable C. coincident D. surprising 24. A. revision B. anxiety C. expectancy D. complexity 25. A. interfering B. agreeing C. struggling D. engaging 26. A. Therefore B. Nevertheless C. Moreover D. Instead 27. A. boosted B. logged C. drilled D. affected 28. A. function B. exceed C. assess D. relieve 29. A. rate B. respond C. confirm D. answer 30. A. in spite of B. regardless of C. contrary to D. in line with 31. A. prevented B. predicted C. dismissed D. comforted 32. A. resolution B. medication C. approach D. mentality 33. A. optimistic B. low C. reasonable D. unrealistic 34. A. forces B. blessings C. abilities D. merits 35. A. pressure B. significance C. anxiety D. security Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） The rise of new social media platforms often leads to worries that their content might increase the risk of eating disorders. But these concerns predate by far the arrival of TikTok or Instagram. The New York Times ran an article in 1985 entitled “Anorexia: It’s Not a New Disease.” It quoted one scholar who reminded readers that thinness was fashionable in the 19th century, when it was thought that “if you looked too robust, you looked like a working woman.” To be sure, the vast scope of social media has changed the way young people organize their social life. Today adolescents use it for everything from school scheduling to classwork to arranging their social life. They also use it to connect with people like themselves who might be harder to find in the physical world, especially if they are marginalized in other ways. Autistic teens, for example, or those who identify as transgender, especially in places where that identity could carry risk, can find one another in these communities. Many adolescents view aspects of their social media experiences as positive, but the platforms may pose risks for a vulnerable group. The advice for mitigating (缓解) harm related to an issue such as an eating disorder has stayed the same for decades: approach media consumption with a critical eye and a healthy dose of literacy about the content you are interacting with. Unlike television or print, social media relies on algorithms that “constantly monitor and engage you,” says Komal Bhatia, who co-authored a recent review on public health aspects of disordered eating and social media exposure. She and her UCL colleague Alexandra Dane concluded that social media is a “plausible risk factor” in developing eating disorders. With the power to push out far more images than traditional media, “social media, in that essence, is different” because site runners are “only too happy for us to put our pictures of ourselves out there,” Bhatia says. Users must get into the habit of considering the reality of images purporting (声称) to represent a “normal”, “average” or “desirable” body. What many users see on social media represents “a modified reality to some degree”, she says. Guiding young people to develop critical skills makes it possible for them to be proactive and is preferable to just telling them they can’t use these platforms A draconian (严苛) approach does little to equip them with the skills they need, and they can still get the negative messages some other way. 36. We can learn from paragraph one that ________. A. social media platforms are to blame for anorexia in all times B. Instagram is renowned for promoting the eating disorders C. being a robust woman was fashionable in New York in 1985 D. the impact of social media on eating disorders is nothing new 37. Who might benefit from the social media most? A. Seniors who are often marginalized in society. B. Teens who like interacting with the like-minded. C. Juveniles who prefer arranging others’ social life. D. Administrators who are in charge of school scheduling. 38. What is recommended to mitigate the harm like eating disorders? A. Criticism against updates of the social media. B. More healthy doses from literacy experts. C. Moderate but critical media consumption. D. Constant interaction with the social media. 39. Which of the following statements is NOT the reason why social media lead to concerns over the risk of eating disorders? A. Users are kept more engaged due to the algorithm. B. There is a stronger impulse to push out pictures. C. Cellphones enables easier access to the platform. D. Presenting modified realities is commonplace. （B） Summer is the perfect time to relax, unwind, and indulge in the joy of reading. As a book lover, there’s nothing quite like immersing (沉浸) yourself in an appealing story while basking in the warm sun or lounging on a sandy beach. However, with the vast selection of paperback books available, it can be overwhelming to decide which ones to choose for your summer reading adventure. Don’t worry! Bookhound, the leading online destination for book enthusiasts, has you covered. Designed to revolutionise the way people discover, discuss, and indulge in their love for books, Bookhound offers an unparalleled experience that will delight avid readers and casual bookworms alike. Must-read novels for summer Decided on a theme you like? If so, here are some must-read novels that are guaranteed to make your summer even more memorable. These books have been carefully selected for their fascinating plots, engaging writing styles, and ability to transport readers to another world. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald: This American classic is a timeless tale of love, wealth, and the pursuit of the American Dream. Set in the vibrant Jazz Age, it explores themes of decadence, illusion, and the lengths people will go to achieve their desires. Big Little Lies by Liane Moriarty: If you’re in the mood for a juicy page-turner, look no further than this gripping novel. Set in a tranquil seaside town, it delves into the lives of three women whose seemingly perfect lives unravel to reveal dark secrets and shocking truths. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee: This Pulitzer Prize-winning novel is a true literary masterpiece. Through the eyes of young Scout Finch, it tackles themes of racial injustice, morality, and the loss of innocence in the Deep South during the 1930s. Want some more recommendations? Bookhound can also help you engage in dynamic literary discussions and seek out like-minded bibliophiles, so if you’re looking for some debate around your next captivating read, don’t forget to log onto their website and meet other book lovers from around the globe. 40. Which of the following features makes the must-read novels well-received? A. One unexpected plot twist. B. Sensory details to engage readers. C. Transportation into another setting. D. Characters with appealing back stories. 41. We can learn from the recommended must-read novels that ________. A. they are stories that occurred around the 1930s B. they are solely targeted at casual bookworms C. they are distinct from each other in the theme D. they are selected as they are prize-winning ones 42. Which of the following is TRUE about Bookhound? A. Bookhound provides readers with a sand beach where they can indulge in reading books. B. An abundance of paperback books and e-books can be found available from Bookhound. C. Bookhound can serve as a vehicle for literary discussions for readers around the globe. D. Global paperback readers can interact with each other at Bookhound without the internet. （C） For some employees who worked at home during the pandemic — perhaps rediscovering nature and a different rhythm of life — a return to the office may come with a surprise. Forward-looking companies are trying a new way to attract and retain workers: workplaces where nature transforms former cubicles and meeting rooms into tranquil alcoves and flexible communal spaces. The idea is not new. Think spider plants near office windows. And it builds on a deeper concept called biophilia, a term coined by social psychologist and philosopher Erich Fromm in 1964 that assumes an innate human connection to and love for nature and all living things. Yet in recent years, more architects and designers have been translating biophilia into commercial buildings. The pandemic has accelerated the trend. Its promoters put a focus not only on the mental effects of nature but also on the origins of health. In a CNBC interview, Rick Cook, biophilic pioneer and architect in the New York borough of Manhattan, describes linking humanity and nature through design as “enjoying the richness and complexity of nature and using the amazing ecosystem as a stress reduction tool to make our lives better.” More than livening up the office with a scattering of potted plants, biophilic design brings the outside in with immersive experiences. Companies with deep pockets such as Google and Amazon are blazing the biophilic path: Google’s Manhattan campus — designed by Mr. Cook’s firm — welcomes birds, caterpillars, and bees (and honey); in Arlington, Virginia, a 350-foot plant-covered tower rises in the shape of a double helix above Amazon’s new headquarters. Biophilic buildings can feature air-cleaning green walls, natural materials like wood, calming ponds and waterfalls, circadian lights that mimic daylight, and sounds and scents found in nature. Flexible open space can foster collaborative creativity and more mobility; individual cocoons, as in Etsy’s Manhattan offices, nurture sustained focus. “We’re looking to create workplaces that reduce stress, improve cognitive function, enhance creativity — all of these make our employees healthier, happier and more engaged in their work,” Michele Neptune of Google’s sustainability team told The Financial Times. A lofty goal. Meanwhile, returning workers can relax. “We’re blurring the line between work and home,” Asheshh Saheba, managing partner at architecture firm Steinberg Hart in San Francisco, told CNBC. “Your office doesn’t have to be enclosed at your desk.” It can also lead to a rediscovery of the mental origins of health. 43. What might come as a surprise to some employees after returning to the office? A. Numerous spider toys and plastic plants near office windows. B. Recruiting more employees who are enthusiastic about nature. C. A workplace where employees don’t need to attend meetings. D. Renovated offices whose design reconnect people with nature. 44. We can infer from the passage that biophilic design is beneficial except for ________. A. elevated focus levels B. improved mental health C. increased inventiveness D. lowered energy costs 45. What does the underlined sentence “We’re blurring the line between work and home” in the last paragraph mean? A. The workplace intends to accommodate employees if they apply. B. Employees are encouraged to work more at home instead of offices. C. The visual separation between work and home is being created. D. Companies are starting to make offices look and feel like home. 46. The passage probably aims to ________. A. persuade other forward-looking companies to embrace the biophilic design B. highlight the importance of applying the novel idea “biophilia” to workplaces C. inform the readers that companies are increasing human connection to nature D. introduce the financial benefits of employees since their return to the office Section C Directions: Fill in each blank in the article with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. THE BEST thing that has happened in Phoenix, Arizona, since the beginning of July is that the electricity grid has kept functioning. There have been deaths from heat stroke and there will be more; there has been a lot of suffering; and there will have been real economic losses. It is not just the United States, where 100m people are under heat-advisory notices, that is suffering. ____47____ By increasing the odds of a wide range of extreme events, global warming also increases the chances that they will come in waves. Unbearable heat does damage in various ways, including killing crops and livestock, but the immediate challenge it poses to human health is greatest in cities. ____48____ Cities also often have poor air quality, particularly in the places where the poorest people live; extreme heat on top of dirty air can stretch already hard-pressed lungs and hearts too far. There are things to do as soon as the mercury rises. Get homeless people to cooling stations; encourage people to look in on elderly neighbours and relatives; make it possible for those who must work outside to do so very early in the morning; put hospitals on an emergency footing. ____49____ There are also things to be done in advance. ____50____ One thing that can help is deciding where to plant trees, which both provide shade and, as water evaporates through their leaves, cool the air. There are smart choices to be made about the built environment, from the best sort of pavement and courtyards designed for passive cooling to the prevalence of white roofs. A. Officials from Beijing to Phoenix are grappling with unbearable temperatures. B. The appointment of chief heat officers empowered to co-ordinate such things in American cities, and farther afield, is a welcome trend. C. While heat planning is still so new, a new report highlights exciting accomplishments in innovation of heat mitigation. D. It is crucial to work out where the people at greatest risk live. E. Much of the Mediterranean is in similar straits, with temperatures exceeding 40℃ from Madrid to Cairo. F. Less vegetation, more sunlight-absorbing tarmac and more waste heat produce what is called the urban-heat-island effect, raising temperatures. Ⅳ. Summary（10分） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. What Stands in Our Way of Being Happy? Happiness comprises five elements: spiritual well-being, physical well-being, intellectual well-being, relational well-being, and emotional well-being. As an interdependent collection of these five elements of SPIRE, happiness is about much more than experiencing pleasure. As Aristotle put it, happiness is the ultimate purpose of life. This means that how we spend our day-to-day lives is ultimately guided by what we think would make us happier. It simply is, like the law of nature. Even people who are tirelessly working for an important cause, for example, to eliminate world hunger, are doing it because they find their work meaningful. Meaning is an element of happiness. One barrier to happiness has to do with the expectation that happiness is an unbroken chain of positive emotions. Paradoxically, this expectation prevents people from experiencing happiness because painful emotions don’t go away when we reject them. They only grow stronger. The second barrier has to do with equating happiness with success. It’s a commonly held belief that happiness can be attained by achieving certain goals, like money or fame. People tend to think that if they finally find success, they will automatically become happy. That’s not the case. Thus, if happiness is their concern, people are often chasing after the wrong things. What is the best way to pursue happiness? Indirectly. Consider the analogy with the sun. Imagine you go outside on a beautiful day. If you look up at the sun directly, you’ll hurt yourself. But if you take the same sun rays and break them down using a prism, you’ll be able to enjoy the colors of a rainbow. Similarly, pursuing happiness directly can hurt us, pursuing it indirectly — by breaking it down into its metaphorical colors (such as the SPIRE elements) — can contribute to our well-being. Spending more time doing things that are meaningful to us, starting a meditation practice, exercising, performing acts of kindness, learning something new, or expressing gratitude for what we have, are all indirect ways of pursuing happiness. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ. Translation（15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 在最具影响力的十位天文学家中，你认为谁对世界贡献最大?（contribute）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 人间四月芳菲尽，山寺桃花始盛开。（until）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 这个城镇地处荒无人烟的地区，它的存在主要得益于丰富的矿藏和辛勤劳作的工人。（owe）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 赤道是一条环绕地球的虚拟线，在那里你会惊讶地发现自己的体重会比在南极洲轻了一点。（where）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅵ. Guided Writing（25分） 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的高三学生吴磊。在学校统一规定的午餐时间里，三个年级的学生会集中到食堂就餐。在这当中，存在一些学生“争分夺秒”奔跑去食堂就餐的现象。为杜绝这一现象，校方委托学生会向同学们征集意见，请你向学生会写封邮件。内容须包括： 1. 提出问题；2. 提出改进的建议及理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $