精品解析：上海交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题

2026届高三英语周测5 （满分150分，答题时间：120分钟，答案一律写在答题纸上） 第Ⅰ卷 Ⅰ. Grammar (10’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It might not have been the first to have a touchscreen but it was Tesla’s Model S, with its minimalist cabin built around a huge full-colour display, that set the trend. For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning and the music to satellite navigation. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping are sometimes screen-___1___ (control). But are touchscreens safe? The case for the prosecution is straightforward. If adjusting the screen of a smartphone while driving is ___2___ (distract), and therefore dangerous, then doing likewise with your car’s is probably risky too. Drivers can learn the location of physical controls, and press buttons or adjust dials without taking their eyes off the road. A touchscreen offers no physical feedback, making that much harder. And ___3___ a screen must do dozens of jobs, finding a particular setting often means tapping through several sub-menus. The result, say critics, is a dangerous distraction built into the car itself. Research backs that up. In 2022 Vi Bilagare, a Swedish motoring magazine, measured how long it took drivers to do things like switching to a new radio station or changing the temperature, while driving at 110 kilometres per hour. It ___4___ (compare) 11 cars with touchscreens to a single older model with real buttons. In the old car, drivers were able to do all their tasks within about ten seconds, during ___5___ time the car travelled around 300 metres. Another study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian contract-research organization, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare ___6___ drivers were distracted while performing different tasks on a touchscreen. Even the quickest job — changing the temperature — meant three and a half seconds, on average, of not looking at the road. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, and putting a new address into the satnav took 16. Safety organizations ___7___ (begin) to notice. From January new rules from Euro NCAP, an organization that provides safety ratings for cars sold in Europe, will mean no car can get a full five-star score ___8___ certain crucial functions — indicators, for instance, or the windscreen wipers — are controlled by real switches. Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point. Car makers who choose to bring back physical buttons may reap other benefits, too. Many drivers dislike touchscreens for reasons ___9___ safety, finding them difficult and annoying to use. Volkswagen, Hyundai and Porsche, among others, have begun restoring at least some buttons to their new models, ____10____ (cite) drivers’ dislike of screens. But innovation never stops. Ⅱ. Vocabulary (10’) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. biases B. boost C. bound D. expand E. implications F. respond G. profile H. sensitive I. sharp J. twist K. visible How we present ourselves doesn’t just change how others see us. It changes how we see ourselves — and that can dramatically influence how we behave. A new study published in the International Journal of Research in Marketing illustrates this point beautifully. When people believed that they looked better, they didn’t just feel more confident. They acted more kindly, even donating twice as much to charity as those who didn’t experience the same ____11____. The researchers found that when people perceive themselves as more attractive, they believe that they are more ____12____ to others — and this heightened social ____13____ encourages them toward generosity and prosocial behavior. This finding mirrors what psychologists call the halo effect: the tendency for people to assume that those who are attractive also possess other positive qualities. The new ____14____ here is that the effect works inwardly as well. When we feel attractive, we don’t just benefit from others’ positive ____15____ — we start behaving in ways that reinforce them. And this shift begins early. Research shows that even children are kinder to peers who are “cute” or “nice-looking.” As adults, the same bias persists. People who are dressed neatly are more likely to be helped by strangers than those who appear scruffy. Other studies have found that we sometimes engage in prosocial behaviors-like donating, helping, or volunteering-precisely because they enhance our own attractiveness, especially in public contexts. In short, our self-image and our generosity are intimately ____16____ together, shaping both how much kindness we give and how much we receive. For leaders, speakers, and executives, the ____17____ are profound. Your appearance isn’t just about optics; it’s about psychology. When you take the time to present yourself in a way that makes you feel ____18____, attractive, or aligned with your best self, you don’t just increase your chances of making a good impression. You actively prime yourself to behave with more generosity, warmth, and social grace. And those qualities are at the heart of leadership. Think of it as a feedback loop: the suit, the dress, the polished shoes, and even the well-chosen accessories boost your confidence. That confidence shapes your behavior-helping you speak with clarity, connect with warmth, and act generously. In turn, people ____19____ more positively, reinforcing the very self-image you began with. It’s not about vanity. It’s about aligning the outer and inner self so that you can show up in ways that _____20_____ your impact. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A (15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Until this past April, the Gates of the Mena House Hotel — the historic entrance to the Giza plateau since the 19th century — were ____21____ with horses, camels and street vendors selling everything from papyrus to miniature pyramid models to garish masks of Tutankhamun. But now all of this has been ____22____ following the Egyptian government’s implementation of a groundbreaking plan to redevelop the pyramids area. Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities ____23____ forces with Orascom Pyramids Entertainment in 2018 to see the initiative through. In April, the government announced the ____24____ launch of the pyramid development project, leading to changes at the world’s most famous archaeological site. The entrance was moved to the new Great Gate on Al-Faiyoum Desert Road southwest of Cairo, and street vendors and animal owners were restricted to ____25____ areas. Despite what authorities view as an urgent need to enhance the visitor experience and minimize congestion at the only standing wonder of the ancient world, the development project faced opposition from tour guides, street vendors, horse and camel handlers who say their ____26____ have been deeply affected, just as others welcomed the initiative as a step toward ____27____ the profitable antiquities tourism industry. Orascom designated a specific tourist route in an effort to protect the antiquities from car pollution. Tourists now ride air-conditioned hop-on hop-off electrical shuttle buses to the three main pyramids — Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure — and the Sphinx. They are ____28____ to walk around near the landmarks, then go back to the same shuttle bus stop when they are ready to head back to their tour bus. Tour guide Hoda Radi expresses concern that the shared bus system ____29____ the duration of visits and restricts tourists to a fixed route, limiting their freedom to explore. Radi also questions the environmental ____30____, noting that huge concerts are held at the pyramids at night where private cars are allowed to drive up unrestricted. “These cars are not environmentally friendly,” she says. While the development addresses these complaints about exploitation and creates a more organized tourist experience, it has fundamentally ____31____ the local economy, concentrating benefits for the development company while ____32____ traditional service providers who once formed the area’s economic backbone. Sayed Ali, a 72-year-old horse carriage owner, now earns half his former income after being restricted to a distant “panoramic viewing area.” Ibrahim Mostafa, 48, a vendor who has worked at the pyramids for 20 years, says he has not been able to ____33____ good spots to sell his products since the start of the development. “In the past, I could walk with my goods in front of the pyramids, which gave me a chance to display my products,” he says. “Now, opportunities for direct interaction with visitors are limited.” Despite professional criticism, many visitors praise the changes, which have almost ____34____ the previous perception of chaotic entry and disorganized movement at the colossal site. Just over a mile from the pyramids, visitors are already in ____35____ of the world’s largest archaeological museum, the GEM, whose soft opening was just under a year ago in October 2024. 21. A. occupied B. filled C. overflowing D. overflooding 22. A. oppressed B. prevented C. deserted D. banned 23. A. combined B. joined C. united D. integrated 24. A. initial B. commercial C. public D. pilot 25. A. temporary B. designated C. specialized D. remote 26. A. livelihoods B. profits C. routines D. interests 27. A. creating B. establishing C. organizing D. preserving 28. A. free B. eager C. ready D. content 29. A. fixes B. extends C. measures D. schedules 30. A. impact B. standard C. awareness D. justification 31. A. stabilized B. operated C. restructured D. weakened 32. A. empowering B. marginalizing C. eliminating D. replacing 33. A. secure B. identify C. create D. reserve 34. A. improved B. displayed C. intensified D. erased 35. A. adoration B. view C. awe D. amazement Section B (30’) Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A few years ago I went shopping with Alex for a new motorcycle. He didn’t have a particular model in mind. His only two criteria? A big engine, since too much horsepower is never enough, and since he’s tall, a relaxed riding position. I suggested a Hayabusa. Giggle-inducing power, comfortable bike. Or an XS-14R. Both were within his budget, especially the Hayabusa since the dealer was offering a $ 2,500 discount on a previous year’s model. He rode them both. Loved them both. Then he became fixated on a ZX-6R KRT. Great bike, sure. But a much smaller motor. And a riding position that made him look like a contorted praying mantis (螳螂). Seemed odd. Until it hit me. The purchase of any bike 750cc and under came with a free helmet. A 2017 study published in Marketing Science found that people tend to significantly overvalue “free”. When faced with a choice of selecting one of several available products or possibly buying nothing, people will choose the option with the highest cost-benefit difference. However, decisions about free (zero price) products differ, in that people do not simply subtract costs from benefits but instead perceive the benefits associated with free products as higher. Since my friend also wanted a new helmet, getting one for free was extremely — even irrationally — inviting. After all, the math didn’t work. We eventually negotiated $ 3,200 off the price of the Hayabusa, a price so good that I was tempted to buy it. The free helmet was only worth $ 250. So why would such a smart guy be so easily swayed? As the researchers write: A free product involves benefits and no costs, while a better product for any positive price involves both benefits and costs — it is possible that options that have only benefits create more positive effects compared with options that involve both benefits and costs. In short, free results in instinctive mental shortcuts. Zero is zero; what math do you need to do? Free doesn’t seem to require a cost / benefit analysis; what are the downsides of free? Free seemingly makes an otherwise thoughtful decision simple: “Sure, that might be a good deal but this is free!” Two months later my friend traded in his 6R for a 14R. The previous-year Hayabusa was long gone. But don’t think badly of him. We’ve all been blinded by the power of free. Free shipping on products for a cost that exceeds those savings. Free samples that make us feel the need to reciprocate (回报) the provider’s “generosity” by making a purchase. Free quotes that make us enter a sales funnel we struggle to escape. Whenever something is free, stop and consider the intent, and see “free” as a reason to do even more math. See “free” as a reason to go one step further in evaluating costs and benefits. 36. Why did Alex buy a ZX-6R KRT? A. Because he didn’t excel at math, calculation in particular. B. Because its price was brought down so he could afford it. C. Because he did some research before making the decision. D. Because he thought the motorbike with a giveaway was a good bargain. 37. How does zero-price effect cause smart people to make bad decisions? A. People choose the option with the greatest difference between benefit and cost. B. “Free” is so tempting that we stop being logical and thus end up with a bad deal. C. “Free” means there is no need to negotiate for a big discount on a product or service. D. If a product or service is priced zero, we don’t have to worry about its value. 38. What is NOT a typical example of giving in to this zero-price effect? A. Alice ended up buying a book she didn’t plan to read just to avail the free shipping offer. B. Johnson bought socks of unknown quality because they had a “buy one get one free” offer. C. Joe’s cost / benefit analysis didn’t cloud his judgement or blind him to price calculation faults. D. Teddy appreciated the shop assistant’s generosity and settled for anything but a best deal. 39. What might be the best title of the passage? A. The Worst Deal Ever Made B. When “Free” is Actually the Best Deal C. Paying Too Much When Paying Nothing D. Forget Doing the Math When Shopping (B) There are constantly mixed voices from different media as to whether to stop the Olympics. http://camilla.com.au/ The Olympic charter’s call for a “peaceful society” and “preservation of human dignity” is a very noble one, but its means are rather odd. Through fierce athletic competition between nations, the Olympic rivalries between athletes probably play very little role in their society anyway. The Olympics is an arena for individual achievement; however, if someone is to win a race, others must lose. Emphasis is not placed on athletes improving their personal best but on who wins. Having many nations come together shows worldwide solidarity (团结), nations united by their athletes in Lycra and branded shoes. The cultures of nations are shown by little more than flag waving and the appearance of their mascots (吉祥物). The Guardian The original spirit of the Olympics was supposedly that of sporting competition between amateurs, who competed for the honor of doing so, and to test themselves against the best sportspeople worldwide. However, the Olympics has become more commercialized. Money and rewards potentially available from excelling on the international stage have served to incentivize not only professionalization, but also cheating. The professed aspirations of the Olympic movement and the reality of the contemporary Olympics are now utterly opposed. The New York Times Citizens of the host city, often uninterested in the Olympic spectacle, can end up footing the bill by paying extra taxes. The construction of Olympic facilities, company investment and the regeneration of areas in host cities can be very disruptive, pricing local residents and shopkeepers out of their areas. Previous Olympics have shown that Olympic resources, when the games are over, do not always benefit the host city. The Olympic sites can become ghost towns, so characteristic of the year they were built in as to be aesthetically odd, impractical, inhospitable and unfashionable a decade later. TIME The athletes competing in the Olympic Games have worked for years, showing dedication to achieving physical greatness. They keep to a strict diet, and put in hundreds of hours training in a week, all for the honor of competing against the best athletes in the world. Besides, individual performance stands here for celebration of collective values, including that of fair competition. Those caught cheating are dealt with harshly, which teaches honesty and dedication to one’s dreams. Above all, countless times the games have instilled hope and togetherness in many. In a world of growing hostility, it’s encouraging to see a sense of peace and togetherness gather every four years. 40. As far as the Olympics are concerned, the website camilla.com.au probably holds that ________. A. emphasizing the result of games motivates athletes to pursue their personal best B. competition between athletes may not make much difference to the whole society C. fierce and odd athletic competition fails to achieve the aim of the Olympic charter D. having various nations come together display togetherness as well as their culture 41. Which of the following problems with the Olympics is NOT mentioned by The Guardian and The New York Times? A. The Olympic sites built in the host city may fall into disuse after the games are over. B. The rewards for winning the game may cause more athletes to train professionally. C. The aspiration to show personal best leads some athletes to win by dishonest means. D. The Olympic Games fail to live up to their original spirit due to over commercialization. 42. According to TIME, the greatest significance of holding the Olympics lies in the fact that ________. A. the Olympics inspire different countries to search for the common ground B. the Olympics instill such virtues as devotion, honesty and fairness in athletes C. the Olympics help to demonstrate the athletes’ persistent struggle for excellence D. the Olympics offer an arena where the Olympic spirit is tested on a global scale (C) Shining just 12 light-years from Earth, the star Tau Ceti so resembles the sun that it has appeared in numerous science- fiction stories and was the first star astronomers ever searched for signs of intelligent life, half a century ago. In 2012 Tau Ceti grew still more interesting when astronomers reported five possible planets somewhat larger than Earth circling closer to the star than Mars orbits (围绕……运动) the sun—one of which is in the star’s habitable zone. Newly released images taken by the Herschel Space Observatory provide even more insight about Tau Ceti’s solar system: greater detail about its dust belt. Dust arises when asteroids and comets (小行星和彗星) crash into one another, so its location reveals where these dust- creating objects—which are too small to be seen directly—orbit a star. In Tau Ceti’s case, “it’s quite a wide dust belt,” says Samantha Lawler of the University of Victoria in British Columbia. As her team reported in November, the belt’s inner edge is roughly two to three astronomical units (AUs) from the star, which is the position of our own sun’s asteroid belt. (An AU is the distance from Earth to the sun.) Tau Ceti’s dust belt extends out to 55 AU, which would be just beyond our system’s main Edgeworth-Kuiper belt, the zone of small bodies whose largest member is probably Pluto. Presumably full of asteroids and comets, Tau Ceti’s dust belt most likely lacks a planet as large as Jupiter, Lawler says. The gravity of such a massive planet would have driven away most small space rocks. Within a year a new series of radio telescopes in Chile called ALMA should provide a sharper view of the disk, especially of its inner edge. The ALMA images will help astronomers confirm whether the star’s five proposed planets are indeed real. If the disk overlaps the planets’ hypothesized (假设的) orbits, then they probably do not exist; they would have kept away most asteroids near the star, removing the source of dust. If those planets do exist, however, Lawler’s team suggests that Tau Ceti’s planetary system may resemble what our solar system would have looked like had the four giant planets—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune- never formed: small planets orbiting close to the star, and nothing but asteroids, comets and dust beyond. 43. According to astronomers, the five possible planets of Tau Ceti________. A. resembled Earth in size B. functioned like a solar system C. were located in Tau Ceti’s habitable zone D. were nearer to Tau Ceti than Mars to the sun 44. Which of the following is true of Tau Ceti’s dust belt? A. It is narrower than the asteroid belt in our system. B. The bodies inside it are all smaller than Jupiter. C. The gravity of Tau Ceti makes it get denser. D. It is over 55 astronomical units in width. 45. According to the passage, the five planets are most likely to exist if________. A. they don’t move into the dust belt while orbiting Tau Ceti B. they have kept away most asteroids and comets C. they don’t crash into any asteroid or comet D. they can be seen clearly by ALMA 46. It can be inferred from the passage that Tau Ceti’s dust belt________. A. is useful because it stops asteroids or comets crashing into the star B. makes Tau Ceti different from the sun because it extends farther C. is interesting because it keeps other planets away from Tau Ceti D. plays a role in helping decide whether the five planets are real * Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. “There’s no denying crows are smart. They can remember where food has been hidden, recognize faces and craft tools.” And, according to a new paper in Scientific Reports, some crows can even make those tools from memory. This skill may point to these clever corvids having a sort of culture of their own. Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Cambridge, worked specifically with New Caledonian crows. ____47____ But experts haven’t been able to make sure where the crows pick up their skills. A bird in one area can construct the same tool as another bird miles away — but there’s no evidence bird one watched bird two build the gadget in order to copy it. And New Caledonian crows don’t really have a language, either. ____48____ Jelbert and her team had a hunch (预感) that it was because the birds were building based on the memory of tools they’d seen. To test this, the group trained eight crows to place pieces of paper into a pseudo-vending machine (really just a wooden box) to get a treat. ____49____ Once they learned which sizes were rewarded, Jelbert and her team then gave the feathered participants large cards; the birds could fashion these into the coin sizes they’d picked up on earlier. Importantly, the crows didn’t get any sort of template when they were working with the big cards. And the birds snipped them into pieces that were similar in size to the coins they’d learned would get them treats. Given the lack of a template to copy, it seems the crows were able to construct mental images of the coins and use it to replicate a tool. ____50____ These birds can see something and not just build it from memory, but potentially make improvements in their designs. “Most importantly,” the authors say in the study, “an improvement made by a crow during its lifetime could become part of the template learnt by subsequent generations, leading to an increase in tool complexity over time.” And this progression is a key component of cultural progression. A. So if they’re not building by imitation or carrying out instructions, how is this knowledge getting passed around? B. Crafting tool is a kind of culture, which can be passed down from generation to generation by crows. C. However, the crows only got treats when they popped in a paper “coin” of a certain size. D. These birds, native to the islands of New Caledonia east of Australia, are known for their ability to craft tools. E. Seeing this in action is important because it supports the idea that New Caledonian crows are capable of building — at least when it comes to crafting tools. F. Jelbert and her team then gave the crows paper to let them cut into proper size. Ⅳ. Summary Writing (10’) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How the Immune System is Kept in Check The immune system is a true masterpiece of evolution. Each day, it defends us against thousands of viruses, bacteria, and other microbes that seek to invade our bodies. One of its most remarkable abilities lies in accurately identifying pathogens (病原体) and distinguishing them from the body’s own cells. It’s not easy. The microbes that threaten our health do not wear a uniform — they all have different appearances. Many even have developed similarities to human cells. So how does the immune system consistently recognize what to attack and what to protect? Why does it not turn against our own tissues more frequently? For a long time, researchers believed they had the answer: a mechanism known as central immune tolerance, through which immune cells learn to recognize “self” during their development. However, the immune system turned out to be far more complex than previously understood. It is for this reason that the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded for the discoveries related to peripheral immune tolerance (外周免疫耐受). The laureates (获奖者) identified the immune system’s specialized “security team” — regulatory T cells. These cells prevent other T cells from mistakenly attacking the body’s own tissue, which is important for a process called peripheral immune tolerance. They also ensure the immune system to calm down after it has eliminated an invader, so it does not continue working at top speed. These groundbreaking discoveries have laid the foundation for an entirely new field of research. They have also led to the development of novel medical treatments currently under evaluation in clinical trials. These advances hold promise for treating autoimmune diseases, improving cancer treatment, and reducing serious complications after stem cell transplants. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ. Translation: (3’+3’+4’+5’=15’) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. Jimmy非常讨厌在校园里有人叫他的绰号。（when）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 53. 所有行李，无论是托运还是随身带上飞机，都要经过严格的安检。（subject adj.）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 54. Jane Goodall对科学界的贡献不仅在于她在黑猩猩（chimpanzee）研究领域中取得的突破，更在于她把研究对象视为独特个体的方法，其革命性不亚于她的研究发现。（as… as…）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 55. 这座依河而建的传统茶馆交通便利，视野开阔，来自世界各地的游客在此既能体验江南水乡的韵味，又能避开城市的喧嚣。（where）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Customer and waitress. B. Teacher and student. C. Boss and secretary. D. Doctor and patient. 2. A. 7:00. B. 7:10. C. 9:00. D. 9:10. 3. A. In a seafood market. B. At a restaurant. C. On a fishing boat. D. In a class about ocean life. 4. A. Making a pot of coffee. B. Trying different brands of coffee. C. Drinking less coffee. D. Getting a different coffee pot. 5. A. Confused. B. Depressed. C. Relieved. D. Worried. 6. A. They’d better not go riding. B. Riding a bike is a great idea. C. It’s not good riding in the rain. D. They can go riding half an hour later. 7. A. Still he doesn’t like living on campus. B. School has changed little since last year. C. He has made many new changes. D. He enjoys campus life all the same. 8. A. It’s even harder than people say. B. He doesn’t believe it’s hard for everybody. C. It’s not as hard as people say. D. It’s hard to know what everybody says. 9. A. Mike isn’t a very good violinist. B. It’s rather late to ask Mike now. C. There will be other musicians to introduce. D. Someone else should make the introductions. 10. A. The exam questions were too difficult. B. The questions had little connection with the course. C. He couldn’t finish the questions within the time allowed. D. He found the questions easy to answer. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. She could never overcome difficulties. B. She had problems with other children. C. She had trouble communicating with others. D. She suffered from severe learning disability. 12. A. A person whose experience can inspire others. B. A person with a remarkable memory. C. A person who has a better understanding. D. A person with special education. 13. A. Always listen to doctors’ advice. B. Never give up in face of difficulties. C. Always get encouragement from others. D. Never compare yourself with others. Questions 14 through 16 re based on the following passage. 14. A. It’s a good way to keep fit. B. It’s helpful to be good-looking. C. It’s interesting and exciting. D. It’s safe on the roads. 15. A. Ride in a single line. B. Carry people on their bicycles. C. Ride only on bicycle paths. D. Walk bicycles across the crossings. 16. A. To explain the job of the National Safety Council. B. To advise people of all ages to ride bicycles. C. To encourage factories to produce better bicycles. D. To make people more concerned with bicycle safety. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. A system analyst. B. A programmer. C. A graphic designer. D. A program analyst. 18. A. Being too nervous. B. Being less qualified. C. Dressing improperly. D. Strange appearance. 19. A. Mental appearance. B. Physical appearance. C. Application form. D. Dressing code. 20. A. It’s better to wear a plain and conservative suit. B. Wearing casual clothes is preferred in the interview. C. A designer suit is a must if an interviewee wants to succeed. D. Dressing very formally can guarantee the success of the interview. Ⅵ. Guided Writing (25’) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是启明中学高三学生李明，你在本期你们校报的心理辅导专栏——“成长加油站（Guide to Growth）”读到Billy的来信（内容如下），你通过该专栏给Billy回信，帮他解决他的困惑并给他建议。在信中，你必须： ·谈谈你对于此现象的看法； ·给出具体的建议。 Dear Advisor, Lately, I’ve been feeling confused about myself. To fit into a certain group of friends who are all into famous brands and trendy stuff, I used my savings to buy an expensive pair of sneakers that my family can hardly afford. Now I regret it. I feel like I’m losing myself just to gain approval from others. I see many students trying hard to be “cool” or popular. Is this what growing up is all about? How can I stay true to myself without feeling left out? A confused student, Billy Dear Billy, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours advisor, Li Ming 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026届高三英语周测5 （满分150分，答题时间：120分钟，答案一律写在答题纸上） 第Ⅰ卷 Ⅰ. Grammar (10’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It might not have been the first to have a touchscreen but it was Tesla’s Model S, with its minimalist cabin built around a huge full-colour display, that set the trend. For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning and the music to satellite navigation. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping are sometimes screen-___1___ (control). But are touchscreens safe? The case for the prosecution is straightforward. If adjusting the screen of a smartphone while driving is ___2___ (distract), and therefore dangerous, then doing likewise with your car’s is probably risky too. Drivers can learn the location of physical controls, and press buttons or adjust dials without taking their eyes off the road. A touchscreen offers no physical feedback, making that much harder. And ___3___ a screen must do dozens of jobs, finding a particular setting often means tapping through several sub-menus. The result, say critics, is a dangerous distraction built into the car itself. Research backs that up. In 2022 Vi Bilagare, a Swedish motoring magazine, measured how long it took drivers to do things like switching to a new radio station or changing the temperature, while driving at 110 kilometres per hour. It ___4___ (compare) 11 cars with touchscreens to a single older model with real buttons. In the old car, drivers were able to do all their tasks within about ten seconds, during ___5___ time the car travelled around 300 metres. Another study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian contract-research organization, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare ___6___ drivers were distracted while performing different tasks on a touchscreen. Even the quickest job — changing the temperature — meant three and a half seconds, on average, of not looking at the road. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, and putting a new address into the satnav took 16. Safety organizations ___7___ (begin) to notice. From January new rules from Euro NCAP, an organization that provides safety ratings for cars sold in Europe, will mean no car can get a full five-star score ___8___ certain crucial functions — indicators, for instance, or the windscreen wipers — are controlled by real switches. Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point. Car makers who choose to bring back physical buttons may reap other benefits, too. Many drivers dislike touchscreens for reasons ___9___ safety, finding them difficult and annoying to use. Volkswagen, Hyundai and Porsche, among others, have begun restoring at least some buttons to their new models, ____10____ (cite) drivers’ dislike of screens. But innovation never stops. 【答案】1. controlled 2. distracting 3. because##as##since 4. compared 5. which 6. how long 7. are beginning##have begun 8. unless 9. other than##apart from##aside from 10. citing 【解析】 【导语】本文主要探讨了汽车触摸屏的安全性问题，通过研究数据和监管动态说明了其存在的分心风险，并指出部分车企因应消费者反馈和新的安全评级标准，开始重新回归实体按钮。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：即使是像自动车道保持这样的安全功能，有时也由屏幕控制。safety features和control是被动关系，表示“由屏幕控制”，用过去分词controlled，构成复合形容词screen-controlled，作表语。 【2题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果在开车时调整智能手机屏幕会让人分心，因此是危险的，那么对汽车屏幕做同样的事情可能也有风险。此空放在系动词is后作表语，修饰事物“操作屏幕这件事”，应用形容词distracting“使人分心的”。 【3题详解】 考查连词。句意：而且，由于一块屏幕必须承担几十种功能，找到某个特定设置通常意味着要点击好几个子菜单。此空前后为因果逻辑，后半句解释前半句操作麻烦的原因，此空引导原因状语从句，表示“既然；由于”，用连词since/because/as。 【4题详解】 考查时态。句意：它将11辆带触摸屏的汽车与一辆带实体按钮的老款车型进行了对比。此空为本句谓语动词，结合上句中“In 2022 Vi Bilagare, a Swedish motoring magazine”可知，此句指2022年的研究，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，填动词过去式compared。 【5题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：在老款车里，司机能在约十秒内完成所有任务，在这段时间里汽车行驶了约300米。此空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是ten seconds，空处位于介词during之后，指代物，在定语从句中作定语修饰time，所以用关系代词which。 【6题详解】 考查宾语从句连接词。句意：另一项由挪威合同研究机构SINTEF研究人员于2024年开展的研究，利用眼动追踪摄像头比较了驾驶员在触摸屏上执行不同任务时的注意力分散持续时间。此空引导宾语从句，结合下文“Even the quickest job — changing the temperature — meant three and a half seconds, on average, of not looking at the road. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, and putting a new address into the satnav took 16.”可知，此处指分心的持续时间有多长，用how long。 【7题详解】 考查时态。句意：安全组织已经开始注意到这一点/安全组织开始注意到这一点了。此句可以指安全组织已然开始关注该问题，强调动作发生在过去、对现在造成影响，用现在完成时，主语为复数，填have begun；也可表示“渐渐开始”或“正处于开始的过程中”，强调动作的渐进性，用现在进行时态are beginning。 【8题详解】 考查条件状语从句。句意：欧洲新车安全评鉴协会（Euro NCAP）为在欧洲销售的汽车提供安全评级。从明年1月起，该协会的新规将意味着，除非转向灯、挡风玻璃雨刷器等关键功能由实体按键控制，否则任何汽车都无法获得五星满分评级。此空引导条件状语从句，表示“除非，如果不”，应用连词unless。 【9题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：许多司机不喜欢触摸屏，除了安全方面的原因外，还因为觉得它们难用且令人烦躁。此处表示“除了出于安全考虑，还有操作体验上的原因”，用other than/apart from/aside from“除……之外（还）”，与名词safety构成介宾结构。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：大众、保时捷等品牌已开始在新车型上至少恢复部分实体按钮，理由是驾驶员反感触控屏幕操作。已有谓语动词have begun，cite作非谓语动词，主语是“Volkswagen, Hyundai and Porsche”这些车企，和动词cite之间是主动关系，应用现在分词citing表示主动，作伴随状语。 Ⅱ. Vocabulary (10’) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. biases B. boost C. bound D. expand E. implications F. respond G. profile H. sensitive I. sharp J. twist K. visible How we present ourselves doesn’t just change how others see us. It changes how we see ourselves — and that can dramatically influence how we behave. A new study published in the International Journal of Research in Marketing illustrates this point beautifully. When people believed that they looked better, they didn’t just feel more confident. They acted more kindly, even donating twice as much to charity as those who didn’t experience the same ____11____. The researchers found that when people perceive themselves as more attractive, they believe that they are more ____12____ to others — and this heightened social ____13____ encourages them toward generosity and prosocial behavior. This finding mirrors what psychologists call the halo effect: the tendency for people to assume that those who are attractive also possess other positive qualities. The new ____14____ here is that the effect works inwardly as well. When we feel attractive, we don’t just benefit from others’ positive ____15____ — we start behaving in ways that reinforce them. And this shift begins early. Research shows that even children are kinder to peers who are “cute” or “nice-looking.” As adults, the same bias persists. People who are dressed neatly are more likely to be helped by strangers than those who appear scruffy. Other studies have found that we sometimes engage in prosocial behaviors-like donating, helping, or volunteering-precisely because they enhance our own attractiveness, especially in public contexts. In short, our self-image and our generosity are intimately ____16____ together, shaping both how much kindness we give and how much we receive. For leaders, speakers, and executives, the ____17____ are profound. Your appearance isn’t just about optics; it’s about psychology. When you take the time to present yourself in a way that makes you feel ____18____, attractive, or aligned with your best self, you don’t just increase your chances of making a good impression. You actively prime yourself to behave with more generosity, warmth, and social grace. And those qualities are at the heart of leadership. Think of it as a feedback loop: the suit, the dress, the polished shoes, and even the well-chosen accessories boost your confidence. That confidence shapes your behavior-helping you speak with clarity, connect with warmth, and act generously. In turn, people ____19____ more positively, reinforcing the very self-image you began with. It’s not about vanity. It’s about aligning the outer and inner self so that you can show up in ways that _____20_____ your impact. 【答案】11. B 12. K 13. G 14. J 15. A 16. C 17. E 18. I 19. F 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文结合新研究指出，良好外形带来的自我感知变化会让人更慷慨亲社会，自我形象与亲社会行为紧密关联，得体外形可由外到内提升个人影响力。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：当人们认为自己看起来更好时，他们不仅感到更自信，而且表现得更友善，甚至比那些没有获得同样提升的人捐赠慈善款项的金额高出一倍。该空需要一个名词作宾语，前文“When people believed that they looked better, they didn’t just feel more confident.”提到觉得自己更好看会让人更自信，此处指没有体验过这种信心提升的人，名词boost(提升)符合语境。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究人员发现，当人们认为自己更具吸引力时，他们会觉得自己在他人眼中更显眼，这种增强的社会形象促使他们变得更加慷慨和具有亲社会行为。该空需要一个形容词作表语，当人们觉得自己更有吸引力时，会认为自己在他人面前更容易被看到，存在感更强。形容词visible(可见的、显眼的)符合语境。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：同上。该空需要一个名词作主语，根据“encourages them toward generosity and prosocial behavior.”可知，此处指提升后的社会形象鼓励慷慨行为，profile(形象)符合语境。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：但这里的新变化在于，这种效应同样会向内发挥作用。该空需要一个名词作主语，前文指出人们倾向于认为有吸引力的人也具备其他优秀品质这种“光环效应”，此处指出新的变化是该效应也会对自身行为产生影响，名词twist(转折、新变化)符合语境。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：当我们感觉自己有吸引力时，我们不仅能从他人的正面偏好中获益，还会开始以强化这些偏向性的方式行事。该空需要一个名词作宾语，根据“we start behaving in ways that reinforce them.”可知，此处指我们不仅仅受益于他人的正向偏好，biases(偏见、偏向性、倾向性)符合语境。 【16题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：简而言之，我们的自我形象与慷慨精神紧密相连，共同决定了我们给予多少善意以及接受多少善意。根据“shaping both how much kindness we give and how much we receive.”可知，此处指自我形象和慷慨紧密绑定，be bound together为固定搭配，意为“绑在一起、紧密相连”，符合语境。 【17题详解】 考查复数名词。句意：对于领导者、演讲者和高管而言，这一影响尤为深远。该空需要一个名词作主语，此处指该研究对领导者等的意义非常深远，名词implications(深远影响/意义)符合语境。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当你花时间以一种让你感觉精神抖擞、有魅力或最佳自我状态呈现自己时，你不仅提高了给人留下良好印象的机会，更在潜移默化中培养出更加慷慨、温暖且富有社交风度的行为方式。该空需要一个形容词作表语，和attractive并列，形容得体的外形带来的自我感受，形容词sharp可表示“衣着考究的，精神抖擞的”符合语境。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：反过来，人们会更积极地回应，从而强化你最初所拥有的自我形象。该空需要一个动词作谓语，指他人反过来会给你更积极的回应，动词respond(回应)符合语境。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：这并非出于虚荣，而是为了使外在与内在的自我保持一致，让你能够以更具影响力的方式展现自己。该空需要一个动词作谓语，根据“It’s about aligning the outer and inner self”可知，指内外统一的状态能帮你扩大影响力，expand(扩大)符合语境。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A (15’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Until this past April, the Gates of the Mena House Hotel — the historic entrance to the Giza plateau since the 19th century — were ____21____ with horses, camels and street vendors selling everything from papyrus to miniature pyramid models to garish masks of Tutankhamun. But now all of this has been ____22____ following the Egyptian government’s implementation of a groundbreaking plan to redevelop the pyramids area. Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities ____23____ forces with Orascom Pyramids Entertainment in 2018 to see the initiative through. In April, the government announced the ____24____ launch of the pyramid development project, leading to changes at the world’s most famous archaeological site. The entrance was moved to the new Great Gate on Al-Faiyoum Desert Road southwest of Cairo, and street vendors and animal owners were restricted to ____25____ areas. Despite what authorities view as an urgent need to enhance the visitor experience and minimize congestion at the only standing wonder of the ancient world, the development project faced opposition from tour guides, street vendors, horse and camel handlers who say their ____26____ have been deeply affected, just as others welcomed the initiative as a step toward ____27____ the profitable antiquities tourism industry. Orascom designated a specific tourist route in an effort to protect the antiquities from car pollution. Tourists now ride air-conditioned hop-on hop-off electrical shuttle buses to the three main pyramids — Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure — and the Sphinx. They are ____28____ to walk around near the landmarks, then go back to the same shuttle bus stop when they are ready to head back to their tour bus. Tour guide Hoda Radi expresses concern that the shared bus system ____29____ the duration of visits and restricts tourists to a fixed route, limiting their freedom to explore. Radi also questions the environmental ____30____, noting that huge concerts are held at the pyramids at night where private cars are allowed to drive up unrestricted. “These cars are not environmentally friendly,” she says. While the development addresses these complaints about exploitation and creates a more organized tourist experience, it has fundamentally ____31____ the local economy, concentrating benefits for the development company while ____32____ traditional service providers who once formed the area’s economic backbone. Sayed Ali, a 72-year-old horse carriage owner, now earns half his former income after being restricted to a distant “panoramic viewing area.” Ibrahim Mostafa, 48, a vendor who has worked at the pyramids for 20 years, says he has not been able to ____33____ good spots to sell his products since the start of the development. “In the past, I could walk with my goods in front of the pyramids, which gave me a chance to display my products,” he says. “Now, opportunities for direct interaction with visitors are limited.” Despite professional criticism, many visitors praise the changes, which have almost ____34____ the previous perception of chaotic entry and disorganized movement at the colossal site. Just over a mile from the pyramids, visitors are already in ____35____ of the world’s largest archaeological museum, the GEM, whose soft opening was just under a year ago in October 2024. 21. A. occupied B. filled C. overflowing D. overflooding 22. A. oppressed B. prevented C. deserted D. banned 23. A. combined B. joined C. united D. integrated 24. A. initial B. commercial C. public D. pilot 25. A. temporary B. designated C. specialized D. remote 26. A. livelihoods B. profits C. routines D. interests 27. A. creating B. establishing C. organizing D. preserving 28. A. free B. eager C. ready D. content 29. A. fixes B. extends C. measures D. schedules 30. A. impact B. standard C. awareness D. justification 31. A. stabilized B. operated C. restructured D. weakened 32. A. empowering B. marginalizing C. eliminating D. replacing 33. A. secure B. identify C. create D. reserve 34. A. improved B. displayed C. intensified D. erased 35. A. adoration B. view C. awe D. amazement 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述埃及政府推出吉萨金字塔景区改造重建计划，介绍了这项工程的实施方式、具体改动，同时客观呈现各方截然不同的看法。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：今年四月之前，Mena House酒店大门——自19世纪以来吉萨高原的历史入口——还挤满了马匹、骆驼和街头商贩，他们出售从纸莎草到微型金字塔模型，再到色彩艳丽的图坦卡蒙面具等各种商品。A. occupied占领；B. filled充满；C. overflowing挤满；D. overflooding泛滥。根据后文“with horses, camels and street vendors selling everything from papyrus to miniature pyramid models to garish masks of Tutankhamun.”大量商贩、牲畜聚集的场景，可知入口处挤满了动物和小贩，be overflowing with 表示“挤满、满是”符合语境。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：但随着埃及政府推出一项具有开创性的金字塔区域改造规划，现在这一切都被禁止了。A. oppressed压迫；B. prevented阻止；C. deserted遗弃；D. banned禁止。根据句首“But”以及下文“following the Egyptian government’s implementation of a groundbreaking plan to redevelop the pyramids area.”可知，政府推行改造计划，所有违规摆摊、占道的经营活动都被禁止。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：埃及旅游与文物部于2018年与Orascom金字塔娱乐公司合作，共同推进这一项目。A. combined结合；B. joined加入；C. united联合；D. integrated整合。根据空前“Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities”以及空后“with Orascom Pyramids Entertainment in 2018 to see the initiative through.”可知，埃及旅游与文物部与Orascom金字塔娱乐公司合作开发金字塔地区。固定搭配join forces with sb表示“和某人联手/联合力量”，符合“政府部门和企业合作”的语境。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：今年4月，政府宣布了金字塔开发项目的试点启动，这一举措给这个全球最著名的考古遗址带来了诸多变化。A. initial最初的；B. commercial商业的；C. public公开的；D. pilot试点的。根据上文“following the Egyptian government’s implementation of a groundbreaking plan to redevelop the pyramids area”以及“with Orascom Pyramids Entertainment in 2018 to see the initiative through.”可知，埃及政府重新开发改造金字塔地区，4月宣布该试点项目的启动。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：入口迁移至开罗西南费尤姆沙漠公路全新的大门，街头商贩和牲畜经营者只能在指定区域经营。A. temporary临时的；B. designated指定的；C. specialized专业的；D. remote偏远的。根据空前“street vendors and animal owners were restricted to”以及下文“a 72-year-old horse carriage owner, now earns half his former income after being restricted to a distant “panoramic viewing area.””可知，小摊贩和车夫被限制在“划定、指定区域”经营。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管官方认为，亟需优化游客游览体验、缓解这座世上仅存古代奇迹景区的拥堵状况，但这项开发项目还是遭到导游、街头小贩以及牵马、牵骆驼的从业者的反对，他们表示自己的生计受到了严重冲击；与此同时，也有另一部分人支持该举措，认为这是规范收益可观的文物旅游业的一步良策。A. livelihoods生计；B. profits利润；C. routines日常；D. interests利益。根据后文“Sayed Ali, a 72-year-old horse carriage owner, now earns half his former income after being restricted to a distant “panoramic viewing area.””以及“says he has not been able to ____ good spots to sell his products since the start of the development.”可知，商贩、车夫收入减半、摊位变差，体现赖以生存的生计受损。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管官方认为，亟需优化游客游览体验、缓解这座世上仅存古代奇迹景区的拥堵状况，但这项开发项目还是遭到导游、街头小贩以及牵马、牵骆驼的从业者的反对，他们表示自己的生计受到了严重冲击；与此同时，也有另一部分人支持该举措，认为这是规范收益可观的文物旅游业的一步良策。A. creating创造；B. establishing建立；C. organizing统筹，规划；D. preserving保护。根据上文“Despite what authorities view as an urgent need to enhance the visitor experience and minimize congestion at the only standing wonder of the ancient world”以及“others welcomed the initiative as a step toward”可知，原来旅游业混乱无序，支持者认为改造是朝着规整盈利的文物旅游业迈出一步，organize“规划，组织”符合语境。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：游客可以自由在地标周边漫步，准备返程时再回到同一辆接驳巴士站点。A. free自由的；B. eager渴望的；C. ready准备好的；D. content满足的。根据下文“to walk around near the landmarks, then go back to the same shuttle bus stop when they are ready to head back to their tour bus.”可知，游客可以自由在景点周边行走，之后再返回接驳车站，be free to do表示“自由做某事”，与下文“restricts tourists to a fixed route”提到导游霍达·拉迪担心改造限制了游客自由，前后呼应。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：导游霍达·拉迪表示担忧，共享公交系统延长了游览时间，并将游客限制在固定路线，削弱了他们自由探索的能力。A. fixes修理；B. extends延长；C. measures测量；D. schedules为……安排时间。根据前文“an urgent need to enhance the visitor experience and minimize congestion”、“Tourists now ride air-conditioned hop-on hop-off electrical shuttle buses to the three main pyramids”以及空后“the duration of visits”可知，为提高游客体验、减少污染与拥堵，共享公交系统延长了游览时间。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：拉迪还对开发项目的环境合理性提出质疑，并指出金字塔夜间会举办大型音乐会，而私家车被允许不受限制地驶入该区域。A. impact影响；B. standard标准；C. awareness意识；D. justification正当理由、合理性。根据上文“Orascom designated a specific tourist route in an effort to protect the antiquities from car pollution.”以及下文““These cars are not environmentally friendly,” she says.”可知，官方以环保为由改造景区，实际上夜晚举办大型音乐会时允许私家车进入，依然污染，因此导游质疑其环保说辞的合理性。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管该开发项目解决了有关剥削的投诉，并为游客创造了更有序的体验，但它从根本上重构了当地经济，将利益集中于开发公司，而使曾经构成该地区经济支柱的传统服务提供者被边缘化。A. stabilized稳定；B. operated运营；C. restructured重构、重组；D. weakened削弱。根据后文“concentrating benefits for the development company while ____ traditional service providers who once formed the area’s economic backbone”可知，收益集中到开发公司，传统从业者收入锐减，说明改造从根本上重组了本地经济。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管该开发项目解决了有关剥削的投诉，并为游客创造了更有序的体验，但它从根本上重构了当地经济，将利益集中于开发公司，而使曾经构成该地区经济支柱的传统服务提供者被边缘化。A. empowering赋能；B. marginalizing使边缘化；C. eliminating彻底淘汰；D. replacing取代。根据上文“concentrating benefits for the development company while”以及下文“Sayed Ali, a 72-year-old horse carriage owner, now earns half his former income after being restricted to a distant “panoramic viewing area.””可知，车夫、商贩仍能经营，但只能在偏远区域、收入减半，并未完全消失，只是被排挤到弱势地位，即开发公司拿收益，原来的本地传统从业者被边缘化。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：48岁的伊布拉欣·穆斯塔法是一名在金字塔附近经营了20年的商贩，他表示自开发项目启动以来，一直无法获得合适的销售位置。A. secure获得、争取到；B. identify识别；C. create创造；D. reserve预订。根据上文“now earns half his former income after being restricted to a distant “panoramic viewing area.””以及下文““In the past, I could walk with my goods in front of the pyramids, which gave me a chance to display my products,” he says. “Now, opportunities for direct interaction with visitors are limited.””可知，该摊贩说改造后他没法获得好的摊位卖货，secure good spots指占据、争取到优质经营点位。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管受到专业界的批评，许多游客仍称赞这些改造，它们几乎消除了人们对这一宏伟场所此前混乱入口和杂乱流动的印象。A. improved改善；B. displayed展示；C. intensified加剧；D. erased抹去、消除。根据上文“many visitors praise the changes”以及下文“the previous perception of chaotic entry and disorganized movement at the colossal site”改造后秩序井然，从前杂乱的景象不复存在，即改造几乎完全抹去了原来景区入口混乱、动线无序的坏印象。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：在距离金字塔一英里多的地方，游客们已然对世界上规模最大的考古博物馆 ——大埃及博物馆（GEM）心生敬畏。这座博物馆于2024年10月低调试运行，距今还不到一年。A. adoration爱慕；B. view视野；C. awe敬畏；D. amazement惊奇。根据后文“the world’s largest archaeological museum, the GEM”可知，面对巨大的考古博物馆，游客产生的应是“敬畏”之情，固定搭配in awe of。 Section B (30’) Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A few years ago I went shopping with Alex for a new motorcycle. He didn’t have a particular model in mind. His only two criteria? A big engine, since too much horsepower is never enough, and since he’s tall, a relaxed riding position. I suggested a Hayabusa. Giggle-inducing power, comfortable bike. Or an XS-14R. Both were within his budget, especially the Hayabusa since the dealer was offering a $ 2,500 discount on a previous year’s model. He rode them both. Loved them both. Then he became fixated on a ZX-6R KRT. Great bike, sure. But a much smaller motor. And a riding position that made him look like a contorted praying mantis (螳螂). Seemed odd. Until it hit me. The purchase of any bike 750cc and under came with a free helmet. A 2017 study published in Marketing Science found that people tend to significantly overvalue “free”. When faced with a choice of selecting one of several available products or possibly buying nothing, people will choose the option with the highest cost-benefit difference. However, decisions about free (zero price) products differ, in that people do not simply subtract costs from benefits but instead perceive the benefits associated with free products as higher. Since my friend also wanted a new helmet, getting one for free was extremely — even irrationally — inviting. After all, the math didn’t work. We eventually negotiated $ 3,200 off the price of the Hayabusa, a price so good that I was tempted to buy it. The free helmet was only worth $ 250. So why would such a smart guy be so easily swayed? As the researchers write: A free product involves benefits and no costs, while a better product for any positive price involves both benefits and costs — it is possible that options that have only benefits create more positive effects compared with options that involve both benefits and costs. In short, free results in instinctive mental shortcuts. Zero is zero; what math do you need to do? Free doesn’t seem to require a cost / benefit analysis; what are the downsides of free? Free seemingly makes an otherwise thoughtful decision simple: “Sure, that might be a good deal but this is free!” Two months later my friend traded in his 6R for a 14R. The previous-year Hayabusa was long gone. But don’t think badly of him. We’ve all been blinded by the power of free. Free shipping on products for a cost that exceeds those savings. Free samples that make us feel the need to reciprocate (回报) the provider’s “generosity” by making a purchase. Free quotes that make us enter a sales funnel we struggle to escape. Whenever something is free, stop and consider the intent, and see “free” as a reason to do even more math. See “free” as a reason to go one step further in evaluating costs and benefits. 36. Why did Alex buy a ZX-6R KRT? A. Because he didn’t excel at math, calculation in particular. B. Because its price was brought down so he could afford it. C. Because he did some research before making the decision. D. Because he thought the motorbike with a giveaway was a good bargain. 37. How does zero-price effect cause smart people to make bad decisions? A. People choose the option with the greatest difference between benefit and cost. B. “Free” is so tempting that we stop being logical and thus end up with a bad deal. C. “Free” means there is no need to negotiate for a big discount on a product or service. D. If a product or service is priced zero, we don’t have to worry about its value. 38. What is NOT a typical example of giving in to this zero-price effect? A. Alice ended up buying a book she didn’t plan to read just to avail the free shipping offer. B. Johnson bought socks of unknown quality because they had a “buy one get one free” offer. C. Joe’s cost / benefit analysis didn’t cloud his judgement or blind him to price calculation faults. D. Teddy appreciated the shop assistant’s generosity and settled for anything but a best deal. 39. What might be the best title of the passage? A. The Worst Deal Ever Made B. When “Free” is Actually the Best Deal C. Paying Too Much When Paying Nothing D. Forget Doing the Math When Shopping 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. C 【解析】 【导语】短文借朋友选购摩托车的亲身经历，剖析零价效应如何使人因“免费”做出不理性消费。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But a much smaller motor. And a riding position that made him look like a contorted praying mantis (螳螂). Seemed odd. Until it hit me. The purchase of any bike 750cc and under came with a free helmet.(但这款车发动机小很多，骑行姿势别扭得像蜷缩的螳螂，十分反常。后来我恍然大悟：排量750cc及以下的摩托车购车赠送头盔)”以及第五段中的“Since my friend also wanted a new helmet, getting one for free was extremely-even irrationally-inviting.(我的朋友刚好也需要新头盔，免费头盔的吸引力强到让他失去理性)”可知，Alex认为附赠头盔的这款车很划算，因此选择它。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第八段“In short, free results in instinctive mental shortcuts. Zero is zero; what math do you need to do? Free doesn’t seem to require a cost / benefit analysis; what are the downsides of free?( 简而言之，“免费”会让人下意识走思维捷径。零成本就是零，哪里还需要精打细算？面对免费事物，人们似乎不会权衡利弊；免费背后又暗藏哪些弊端呢？)以及第九段“Free seemingly makes an otherwise thoughtful decision simple: “Sure, that might be a good deal but this is free!(“免费”会简化思考：那款车或许划算，但这款有赠品免费拿！)”可知，免费的诱惑会让人丧失逻辑判断，做出吃亏的选择。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“But don’t think badly of him. We’ve all been blinded by the power of free. Free shipping on products for a cost that exceeds those savings. Free samples that make us feel the need to reciprocate (回报) the provider’s “generosity” by making a purchase. Free quotes that make us enter a sales funnel we struggle to escape.(但不必苛责他，所有人都会被“免费”蒙蔽：为免运费买下总价远超优惠的商品、试吃赠品后为回馈商家而消费、免费报价诱导我们陷入难以脱身的销售套路)”可知，屈服零价效应指被免费福利干扰理性判断。C选项“乔的成本收益分析没有蒙蔽他的判断，也没有让他忽视价格计算错误”是没有被零价格效应影响的表现，不符合题干要求。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第六段中的“The free helmet was only worth $ 250. So why would such a smart guy be so easily swayed?(免费头盔仅价值250美元，为何聪明人轻易被打动？)”与尾段“Whenever something is free, stop and consider the intent, and see “free” as a reason to do even more math.(遇到免费福利一定要停下来权衡，把免费当作仔细核算利弊的警示)”可知文章主要讲看似不花钱拿赠品，实则付出更高成本。所以C选项“免费之下，代价不菲”为最佳标题。 (B) There are constantly mixed voices from different media as to whether to stop the Olympics. http://camilla.com.au/ The Olympic charter’s call for a “peaceful society” and “preservation of human dignity” is a very noble one, but its means are rather odd. Through fierce athletic competition between nations, the Olympic rivalries between athletes probably play very little role in their society anyway. The Olympics is an arena for individual achievement; however, if someone is to win a race, others must lose. Emphasis is not placed on athletes improving their personal best but on who wins. Having many nations come together shows worldwide solidarity (团结), nations united by their athletes in Lycra and branded shoes. The cultures of nations are shown by little more than flag waving and the appearance of their mascots (吉祥物). The Guardian The original spirit of the Olympics was supposedly that of sporting competition between amateurs, who competed for the honor of doing so, and to test themselves against the best sportspeople worldwide. However, the Olympics has become more commercialized. Money and rewards potentially available from excelling on the international stage have served to incentivize not only professionalization, but also cheating. The professed aspirations of the Olympic movement and the reality of the contemporary Olympics are now utterly opposed. The New York Times Citizens of the host city, often uninterested in the Olympic spectacle, can end up footing the bill by paying extra taxes. The construction of Olympic facilities, company investment and the regeneration of areas in host cities can be very disruptive, pricing local residents and shopkeepers out of their areas. Previous Olympics have shown that Olympic resources, when the games are over, do not always benefit the host city. The Olympic sites can become ghost towns, so characteristic of the year they were built in as to be aesthetically odd, impractical, inhospitable and unfashionable a decade later. TIME The athletes competing in the Olympic Games have worked for years, showing dedication to achieving physical greatness. They keep to a strict diet, and put in hundreds of hours training in a week, all for the honor of competing against the best athletes in the world. Besides, individual performance stands here for celebration of collective values, including that of fair competition. Those caught cheating are dealt with harshly, which teaches honesty and dedication to one’s dreams. Above all, countless times the games have instilled hope and togetherness in many. In a world of growing hostility, it’s encouraging to see a sense of peace and togetherness gather every four years. 40. As far as the Olympics are concerned, the website camilla.com.au probably holds that ________. A. emphasizing the result of games motivates athletes to pursue their personal best B. competition between athletes may not make much difference to the whole society C. fierce and odd athletic competition fails to achieve the aim of the Olympic charter D. having various nations come together display togetherness as well as their culture 41. Which of the following problems with the Olympics is NOT mentioned by The Guardian and The New York Times? A. The Olympic sites built in the host city may fall into disuse after the games are over. B. The rewards for winning the game may cause more athletes to train professionally. C. The aspiration to show personal best leads some athletes to win by dishonest means. D. The Olympic Games fail to live up to their original spirit due to over commercialization. 42. According to TIME, the greatest significance of holding the Olympics lies in the fact that ________. A. the Olympics inspire different countries to search for the common ground B. the Olympics instill such virtues as devotion, honesty and fairness in athletes C. the Olympics help to demonstrate the athletes’ persistent struggle for excellence D. the Olympics offer an arena where the Olympic spirit is tested on a global scale 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. A 【解析】 【导语】本文围绕是否应当停办奥运会展开，分别摘录四家不同媒体平台的评论，从正反两大立场多角度剖析奥运会的弊端与价值。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据“http://camilla.com.au/”部分中“the Olympic rivalries between athletes probably play very little role in their society anyway.(运动员之间的奥运竞争可能对他们所在的社会几乎起不到什么作用)”可知，该网站认为运动员之间的竞争或许对整个社会影响甚微。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The New York Times”部分中“Previous Olympics have shown that Olympic resources, when the games are over, do not always benefit the host city. The Olympic sites can become ghost towns, so characteristic of the year they were built in as to be aesthetically odd, impractical, inhospitable and unfashionable a decade later.(往届奥运会表明，奥运会结束后，奥运资源并不总是有利于主办城市。奥运场馆可能会变成鬼城，因为它们建成那年的特色如此鲜明，以至于十年后在美学上显得古怪、不实用、不适宜居住、不时尚。)”可知，《纽约时报》提到，奥运会结束后在主办城市建造的奥运场馆可能会被废弃，A项正确。根据“The Guardian”部分中“However, the Olympics has become more commercialized. Money and rewards potentially available from excelling on the international stage have served to incentivize not only professionalization, but also cheating. The professed aspirations of the Olympic movement and the reality of the contemporary Olympics are now utterly opposed.(然而，奥运会已经变得更加商业化。在国际舞台上表现出色可能带来的金钱和奖励不仅激励了职业化，也激励了作弊。奥林匹克运动的公开愿望和当代奥林匹克的现实现在是完全对立的。)”可知，《卫报》提到获胜奖励可能导致更多运动员接受职业化训练，也会诱发作弊，奥运会因过度商业化未能实现其最初精神；C选项“渴望展示个人最佳促使一些运动员用不诚实的手段获胜”并未提及。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据“TIME”部分中最后一段“Above all, countless times the games have instilled hope and togetherness in many. In a world of growing hostility, it’s encouraging to see a sense of peace and togetherness gather every four years(最重要的是，奥运会无数次给许多人注入了希望和团结。在一个敌意日益增长的世界里，每四年看到一次和平与团结的凝聚是令人鼓舞的。)”可知，《时代周刊》认为奥运会最大意义在于激发不同国家寻找共同点（团结与和平）。 (C) Shining just 12 light-years from Earth, the star Tau Ceti so resembles the sun that it has appeared in numerous science- fiction stories and was the first star astronomers ever searched for signs of intelligent life, half a century ago. In 2012 Tau Ceti grew still more interesting when astronomers reported five possible planets somewhat larger than Earth circling closer to the star than Mars orbits (围绕……运动) the sun—one of which is in the star’s habitable zone. Newly released images taken by the Herschel Space Observatory provide even more insight about Tau Ceti’s solar system: greater detail about its dust belt. Dust arises when asteroids and comets (小行星和彗星) crash into one another, so its location reveals where these dust- creating objects—which are too small to be seen directly—orbit a star. In Tau Ceti’s case, “it’s quite a wide dust belt,” says Samantha Lawler of the University of Victoria in British Columbia. As her team reported in November, the belt’s inner edge is roughly two to three astronomical units (AUs) from the star, which is the position of our own sun’s asteroid belt. (An AU is the distance from Earth to the sun.) Tau Ceti’s dust belt extends out to 55 AU, which would be just beyond our system’s main Edgeworth-Kuiper belt, the zone of small bodies whose largest member is probably Pluto. Presumably full of asteroids and comets, Tau Ceti’s dust belt most likely lacks a planet as large as Jupiter, Lawler says. The gravity of such a massive planet would have driven away most small space rocks. Within a year a new series of radio telescopes in Chile called ALMA should provide a sharper view of the disk, especially of its inner edge. The ALMA images will help astronomers confirm whether the star’s five proposed planets are indeed real. If the disk overlaps the planets’ hypothesized (假设的) orbits, then they probably do not exist; they would have kept away most asteroids near the star, removing the source of dust. If those planets do exist, however, Lawler’s team suggests that Tau Ceti’s planetary system may resemble what our solar system would have looked like had the four giant planets—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune- never formed: small planets orbiting close to the star, and nothing but asteroids, comets and dust beyond. 43. According to astronomers, the five possible planets of Tau Ceti________. A. resembled Earth in size B. functioned like a solar system C. were located in Tau Ceti’s habitable zone D. were nearer to Tau Ceti than Mars to the sun 44. Which of the following is true of Tau Ceti’s dust belt? A. It is narrower than the asteroid belt in our system. B. The bodies inside it are all smaller than Jupiter. C. The gravity of Tau Ceti makes it get denser. D. It is over 55 astronomical units in width. 45. According to the passage, the five planets are most likely to exist if________. A. they don’t move into the dust belt while orbiting Tau Ceti B. they have kept away most asteroids and comets C. they don’t crash into any asteroid or comet D. they can be seen clearly by ALMA 46. It can be inferred from the passage that Tau Ceti’s dust belt________. A. is useful because it stops asteroids or comets crashing into the star B. makes Tau Ceti different from the sun because it extends farther C. is interesting because it keeps other planets away from Tau Ceti D. plays a role in helping decide whether the five planets are real 【答案】43. D 44. B 45. A 46. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了恒星天仓五的尘埃带的一些情况，以及在决定天仓五的五颗可能的行星是否真实存在方面的作用。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In 2012 Tau Ceti grew still more interesting when astronomers reported five possible planets somewhat larger than Earth circling closer to the star than Mars orbits (围绕……运动) the sun—one of which is in the star’s habitable zone. (2012年，天文学家们报道了五颗可能比地球大一些的行星，它们围绕着恒星天仓五运行，比火星绕太阳运行的距离更近，其中一颗位于恒星的可居住区，这使得天仓五变得更加有趣)”可知，天仓五的五颗可能的行星离天仓五的距离比火星离太阳的距离更近，故选D。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段末句“Presumably full of asteroids and comets, Tau Ceti’s dust belt most likely lacks a planet as large as Jupiter, Lawler says. The gravity of such a massive planet would have driven away most small space rocks.( Lawler表示，鲸鱼座τ星的尘埃带很可能很可能充满了小行星和彗星，缺乏像木星那么大的行星。如此大质量行星的引力会把大多数小太空岩石驱散。)”可知，既然没有木星大小的行星，那么带内天体（小行星和彗星）都比木星小4。故选B。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“If the disk overlaps the planets’ hypothesized (假设的) orbits, then they probably do not exist; they would have kept away most asteroids near the star, removing the source of dust. (如果尘埃盘与假设的行星轨道重叠，那么它们很可能不存在；它们会将大多数靠近恒星的小行星拒之门外，从而消除尘埃的来源) ”可知，如果尘埃盘与假设的行星轨道重叠，那么这五颗行星很可能不存在，也就意味着如果它们在绕天仓五运行时轨道没有和尘埃盘重叠，也就是没有进入尘埃带，那么它们可能是存在的，故选A。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Within a year a new series of radio telescopes in Chile called ALMA should provide a sharper view of the disk, especially of its inner edge. The ALMA images will help astronomers confirm whether the star’s five proposed planets are indeed real. If the disk overlaps the planets’ hypothesized (假设的) orbits, then they probably do not exist; they would have kept away most asteroids near the star, removing the source of dust. (一年内，位于智利的一系列名为ALMA的新射电望远镜将提供更清晰的圆盘图像，特别是其内缘。ALMA的图像将帮助天文学家确认这颗恒星的五颗行星是否真的存在。如果圆盘与假设的行星轨道重叠，那么它们很可能不存在；它们会将大多数靠近恒星的小行星拒之门外，从而消除尘埃的来源) ”可知，根据天仓五尘埃带是否和假设的行星轨道重叠，能帮助天文学家确认这颗恒星的五颗行星是否真的存在，所以天仓五的尘埃带在决定五颗行星是否真实存在方面起着重要作用，故选D。 * Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. “There’s no denying crows are smart. They can remember where food has been hidden, recognize faces and craft tools.” And, according to a new paper in Scientific Reports, some crows can even make those tools from memory. This skill may point to these clever corvids having a sort of culture of their own. Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Cambridge, worked specifically with New Caledonian crows. ____47____ But experts haven’t been able to make sure where the crows pick up their skills. A bird in one area can construct the same tool as another bird miles away — but there’s no evidence bird one watched bird two build the gadget in order to copy it. And New Caledonian crows don’t really have a language, either. ____48____ Jelbert and her team had a hunch (预感) that it was because the birds were building based on the memory of tools they’d seen. To test this, the group trained eight crows to place pieces of paper into a pseudo-vending machine (really just a wooden box) to get a treat. ____49____ Once they learned which sizes were rewarded, Jelbert and her team then gave the feathered participants large cards; the birds could fashion these into the coin sizes they’d picked up on earlier. Importantly, the crows didn’t get any sort of template when they were working with the big cards. And the birds snipped them into pieces that were similar in size to the coins they’d learned would get them treats. Given the lack of a template to copy, it seems the crows were able to construct mental images of the coins and use it to replicate a tool. ____50____ These birds can see something and not just build it from memory, but potentially make improvements in their designs. “Most importantly,” the authors say in the study, “an improvement made by a crow during its lifetime could become part of the template learnt by subsequent generations, leading to an increase in tool complexity over time.” And this progression is a key component of cultural progression. A. So if they’re not building by imitation or carrying out instructions, how is this knowledge getting passed around? B. Crafting tool is a kind of culture, which can be passed down from generation to generation by crows. C. However, the crows only got treats when they popped in a paper “coin” of a certain size. D. These birds, native to the islands of New Caledonia east of Australia, are known for their ability to craft tools. E. Seeing this in action is important because it supports the idea that New Caledonian crows are capable of building — at least when it comes to crafting tools. F. Jelbert and her team then gave the crows paper to let them cut into proper size. 【答案】47. D 48. A 49. C 50. E 【解析】 【导语】本文主要通过实验证明新喀里多尼亚乌鸦能够凭记忆构建心理图像来制作工具，并可能在此基础上改进设计，从而说明它们可能具备文化传承的能力。 【47题详解】 根据上文“Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Cambridge, worked specifically with New Caledonian crows.(由剑桥大学Sarah Jelbert领导的研究人员专门研究了新喀里多尼亚乌鸦。)”以及下文“But experts haven’t been able to make sure where the crows pick up their skills.(但专家们一直无法确定乌鸦是从哪里学到这些技能的。)”可知，上文点明研究对象为新喀里多尼亚乌鸦，下文指出专家不确定它们如何获得技能，选项D“These birds, native to the islands of New Caledonia east of Australia, are known for their ability to craft tools.(这些鸟类原产于澳大利亚以东的新喀里多尼亚群岛，以制作工具的能力而闻名。)”承接上文对研究对象的介绍，并具体说明其特点，同时为下文的疑问提供背景。 【48题详解】 上文“A bird in one area can construct the same tool as another bird miles away — but there’s no evidence bird one watched bird two build the gadget in order to copy it. And New Caledonian crows don’t really have a language, either.(一个地区的鸟可以制造出和几英里外的另一只鸟一样的工具，但没有证据表明一只鸟看着另一只鸟为了复制它而制造了这个工具。新喀里多尼亚乌鸦也没有真正的语言。)”指出没有证明表明乌鸦具有模仿学习、语言传递技能的能力；选项A“So if they’re not building by imitation or carrying out instructions, how is this knowledge getting passed around?(那么，如果它们不是通过模仿或执行指令来制作工具的，这些知识是如何传播的呢？)”承接上文关于“如何习得技能”的疑问，引出后文研究人员的猜想“Jelbert and her team had a hunch (预感) that it was because the birds were building based on the memory of tools they’d seen.(Jelbert和她的团队预感这是因为乌鸦是根据它们所见过工具的记忆来制作的。)”。 【49题详解】 根据上文“To test this, the group trained eight crows to place pieces of paper into a pseudo-vending machine (really just a wooden box) to get a treat.(为了验证这一点，该团队训练了八只乌鸦将纸片放入一个伪自动售货机（实际上只是一个木箱）中以获得食物奖励。)”以及下文“Once they learned which sizes were rewarded, Jelbert and her team then gave the feathered participants large cards; the birds could fashion these into the coin sizes they’d picked up on earlier.(一旦它们学会了哪些尺寸能得到奖励，Jelbert和她的团队就给这些羽毛参与者大卡片；乌鸦可以把它们做成之前学会的硬币尺寸。)”可知，上文描述训练乌鸦用纸片换取奖励，下文描述乌鸦学会尺寸后能用大卡片裁剪成对应尺寸；选项C“However, the crows only got treats when they popped in a paper ‘coin’ of a certain size.(然而，乌鸦只有放入特定尺寸的纸‘硬币’时才能得到食物奖励。)”解释了训练的具体规则——只有特定尺寸才有效，为下文乌鸦学会尺寸识别并裁剪大卡片做铺垫。 【50题详解】 根据上文“Given the lack of a template to copy, it seems the crows were able to construct mental images of the coins and use it to replicate a tool.(鉴于缺乏可复制的模板，乌鸦似乎能够构建硬币的心理图像，并用它来复制工具。)”以及下文“These birds can see something and not just build it from memory, but potentially make improvements in their designs.(这些鸟类不仅能凭记忆建造东西，还能在设计中做出潜在的改进。)”可知，上文得出实验结论——乌鸦能凭记忆构建心理图像并复制工具，下文进一步指出它们还能改进设计，选项E“Seeing this in action is important because it supports the idea that New Caledonian crows are capable of building — at least when it comes to crafting tools.(看到这一点在实际中运作很重要，因为它支持了新喀里多尼亚乌鸦有能力建造——至少在制作工具方面——的观点。)”总结了上述实验观察的意义，并自然引出下文关于改进设计的论述。 Ⅳ. Summary Writing (10’) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How the Immune System is Kept in Check The immune system is a true masterpiece of evolution. Each day, it defends us against thousands of viruses, bacteria, and other microbes that seek to invade our bodies. One of its most remarkable abilities lies in accurately identifying pathogens (病原体) and distinguishing them from the body’s own cells. It’s not easy. The microbes that threaten our health do not wear a uniform — they all have different appearances. Many even have developed similarities to human cells. So how does the immune system consistently recognize what to attack and what to protect? Why does it not turn against our own tissues more frequently? For a long time, researchers believed they had the answer: a mechanism known as central immune tolerance, through which immune cells learn to recognize “self” during their development. However, the immune system turned out to be far more complex than previously understood. It is for this reason that the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded for the discoveries related to peripheral immune tolerance (外周免疫耐受). The laureates (获奖者) identified the immune system’s specialized “security team” — regulatory T cells. These cells prevent other T cells from mistakenly attacking the body’s own tissue, which is important for a process called peripheral immune tolerance. They also ensure the immune system to calm down after it has eliminated an invader, so it does not continue working at top speed. These groundbreaking discoveries have laid the foundation for an entirely new field of research. They have also led to the development of novel medical treatments currently under evaluation in clinical trials. These advances hold promise for treating autoimmune diseases, improving cancer treatment, and reducing serious complications after stem cell transplants. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 People once believed central immune tolerance stops the immune system from harming body tissues. The 2025 Nobel Prize winners discovered peripheral immune tolerance, where regulatory T cells prevent mistaken self-attack and calm overactive immune responses. These pioneering findings inspire new research and offer promising treatments for autoimmune diseases, cancer and transplant complications. 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要探讨免疫系统如何不误伤自身组织。学界曾认为中枢免疫耐受是关键，2025 诺奖发现调节性 T 细胞介导外周免疫耐受，相关成果催生多种前沿疗法。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①The immune system is a true masterpiece of evolution. Each day, it defends us against thousands of viruses, bacteria, and other microbes that seek to invade our bodies. ②For a long time, researchers believed they had the answer: a mechanism known as central immune tolerance, through which immune cells learn to recognize “self” during their development. ③The laureates (获奖者) identified the immune system’s specialized “security team” — regulatory T cells. ④These cells prevent other T cells from mistakenly attacking the body’s own tissue, which is important for a process called peripheral immune tolerance. ⑤These groundbreaking discoveries have laid the foundation for an entirely new field of research. 2.缜密构思将第1、2点整合为问题描述，第3、4整合为两种具体策略，第5点作为结果和总结。 3.遣词造句 It was once believed that central immune tolerance could prevent the immune system from causing harm to the body’s tissues. In 2025, Nobel Prize winners discovered the peripheral immune tolerance mechanism, in which regulatory T cells can prevent the body from mistakenly attacking itself and suppress excessive immune responses. These groundbreaking discoveries have stimulated new research and provided hope for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, cancer, and transplant complications. 【点睛】[高分句型1] People once believed central immune tolerance stops the immune system from harming body tissues.（运用了省略从属连词that引导的宾语从句） [高分句型2] The 2025 Nobel Prize winners discovered peripheral immune tolerance, where regulatory T cells prevent mistaken self-attack and calm overactive immune responses.（运用了关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句） Ⅴ. Translation: (3’+3’+4’+5’=15’) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. Jimmy非常讨厌在校园里有人叫他的绰号。（when）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Jimmy (really) hates it when someone calls him by his nickname on campus./Jimmy hates it (very much) when he is called by his nickname on campus. 【解析】 【详解】句子描述Jimmy的惯常喜好，用一般现在时；Jimmy作主语，此句可用句型“主语 + hate it + when从句”，it作形式宾语，真正宾语是后面when引导的从句，表示“某人讨厌……这种情况”，hate作谓语动词，用第三人称单数；“非常”作状语，可用really置于hates之前，也可用very much置于it后。“叫某人的绰号”为固定搭配call sb. by one’s nickname，“有人叫他的绰号”表达为从句when someone calls him by his nickname，也可用被动语态when he is called by his nickname，“在校园里”表达为on campus。 53. 所有行李，无论是托运还是随身带上飞机，都要经过严格的安检。（subject adj.）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】All luggage, whether checked (in) or carried on (board) the plane, is subject to strict security check. 【解析】 【详解】此句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“所有行李”表达为名词短语all luggage，luggage是不可数名词，作主语；“都要经过”指“须经受、受……管制”，表达为be subject to，be作主句谓语，动词用第三人称单数is，“严格的安检”表达为名词短语strict security check，作介词to宾语；“无论是托运还是随身带上飞机”表达为“whether... or...”引导的让步状语从句，“托运”表达为动词短语check (in)，“随身带上飞机”表达为carry on (board) the plane，从句主语也是all luggage，与动词check和carry之间是被动关系，从句主语和be动词可省略，“无论是托运还是随身带上飞机”翻译为whether checked (in) or carried on (board) the plane，置于主句中all luggage与is之间，用逗号隔开。 54. Jane Goodall对科学界的贡献不仅在于她在黑猩猩（chimpanzee）研究领域中取得的突破，更在于她把研究对象视为独特个体的方法，其革命性不亚于她的研究发现。（as… as…）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Jane Goodall’s contributions to the scientific community not only lie in the breakthroughs she made in the field of chimpanzee research, but also in her approach of treating her research subjects as unique individuals, which is as revolutionary/groundbreaking as her research findings. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意以及句子提示词可知，表示“Jane Goodall对科学界的贡献”应为名词短语Jane Goodall’s contributions to the scientific community；表示“不仅……而且……”应为固定句型not only…but also…；表示“在于”应为动词短语lie in；表示“突破”为名词the breakthroughs；后接省略关系代词that引导的定语从句，在该从句中，表示“她在黑猩猩（chimpanzee）研究领域中取得的”可译为she make in the field of chimpanzee research，从句为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时；表示“把研究对象视为独特个体的方法”应为名词短语her approach of treating her research subjects as unique individuals；后接which引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中，表示“其革命性不亚于她的研究发现”可译为be as revolutionary/groundbreaking as her research findings，此处为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时。 55. 这座依河而建的传统茶馆交通便利，视野开阔，来自世界各地的游客在此既能体验江南水乡的韵味，又能避开城市的喧嚣。（where）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The traditional tea house built along the river enjoys convenient access and a wide-open view, where visitors from all over the world can experience the charm of a Jiangnan water town while escaping the noise of the city. 【解析】 【详解】 “传统茶馆”表达为traditional tea house”；“依河而建”，此处built along the river是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰tea house，表被动，即“被建在河边” ；“交通便利”可表达为enjoy convenient access ；“视野开阔”是a wide - open view”，所以“这座依河而建的传统茶馆交通便利，视野开阔”译为The traditional tea house built along the river enjoys convenient access and a wide - open view；where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tea house，在从句中作地点状语 。 - “来自世界各地的游客”是visitors from all over the world；“体验”是experience ，“江南水乡的韵味”为the charm of a Jiangnan water town；“避开”表达为escape，“城市的喧嚣”是the noise of the ciy，“while +动词 -ing”表示“在……同时”，所以“来自世界各地的游客在此既能体验江南水乡的韵味，又能避开城市的喧嚣”译为where visitors from all over the world can experience the charm of a Jiangnan water town while escaping the noise of the city。 Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Customer and waitress. B. Teacher and student. C. Boss and secretary. D. Doctor and patient. 2. A. 7:00. B. 7:10. C. 9:00. D. 9:10. 3. A. In a seafood market. B. At a restaurant. C. On a fishing boat. D. In a class about ocean life. 4. A. Making a pot of coffee. B. Trying different brands of coffee. C. Drinking less coffee. D. Getting a different coffee pot. 5. A. Confused. B. Depressed. C. Relieved. D. Worried. 6. A. They’d better not go riding. B. Riding a bike is a great idea. C. It’s not good riding in the rain. D. They can go riding half an hour later. 7. A. Still he doesn’t like living on campus. B. School has changed little since last year. C. He has made many new changes. D. He enjoys campus life all the same. 8. A. It’s even harder than people say. B. He doesn’t believe it’s hard for everybody. C. It’s not as hard as people say. D. It’s hard to know what everybody says. 9. A. Mike isn’t a very good violinist. B. It’s rather late to ask Mike now. C. There will be other musicians to introduce. D. Someone else should make the introductions. 10. A. The exam questions were too difficult. B. The questions had little connection with the course. C. He couldn’t finish the questions within the time allowed. D. He found the questions easy to answer. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. She could never overcome difficulties. B. She had problems with other children. C. She had trouble communicating with others. D. She suffered from severe learning disability. 12. A. A person whose experience can inspire others. B. A person with a remarkable memory. C. A person who has a better understanding. D. A person with special education. 13. A. Always listen to doctors’ advice. B. Never give up in face of difficulties. C. Always get encouragement from others. D. Never compare yourself with others. Questions 14 through 16 re based on the following passage. 14. A. It’s a good way to keep fit. B. It’s helpful to be good-looking. C. It’s interesting and exciting. D. It’s safe on the roads. 15. A. Ride in a single line. B. Carry people on their bicycles. C. Ride only on bicycle paths. D. Walk bicycles across the crossings. 16. A. To explain the job of the National Safety Council. B. To advise people of all ages to ride bicycles. C. To encourage factories to produce better bicycles. D. To make people more concerned with bicycle safety. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. A system analyst. B. A programmer. C. A graphic designer. D. A program analyst. 18. A. Being too nervous. B. Being less qualified. C. Dressing improperly. D. Strange appearance. 19. A. Mental appearance. B. Physical appearance. C. Application form. D. Dressing code. 20. A. It’s better to wear a plain and conservative suit. B. Wearing casual clothes is preferred in the interview. C. A designer suit is a must if an interviewee wants to succeed. D. Dressing very formally can guarantee the success of the interview. Ⅵ. Guided Writing (25’) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是启明中学高三学生李明，你在本期你们校报的心理辅导专栏——“成长加油站（Guide to Growth）”读到Billy的来信（内容如下），你通过该专栏给Billy回信，帮他解决他的困惑并给他建议。在信中，你必须： ·谈谈你对于此现象的看法； ·给出具体的建议。 Dear Advisor, Lately, I’ve been feeling confused about myself. To fit into a certain group of friends who are all into famous brands and trendy stuff, I used my savings to buy an expensive pair of sneakers that my family can hardly afford. Now I regret it. I feel like I’m losing myself just to gain approval from others. I see many students trying hard to be “cool” or popular. Is this what growing up is all about? How can I stay true to myself without feeling left out? A confused student, Billy Dear Billy, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours advisor, Li Ming 【答案】Dear Billy, I’m Li Ming, a Senior Three student from Qiming High School. Having read your letter on our school newspaper column Guide to Growth, I fully understand your confusion and regret. Actually, chasing famous brands to win peers’ recognition is a common teenage phenomenon, yet it’s far from the true meaning of growth. Popularity based on expensive goods is shallow and temporary. If we sacrifice family finances and lose our true personalities just to fit in, we will end up empty inside, just like what you are experiencing now. Real charm lies in our inner qualities rather than fancy sneakers or trendy items. Here are my practical suggestions. First, value genuine friendship that accepts you without material conditions. Second, devote spare time to hobbies like reading or sports, which help you attract friends sharing the same interests. Third, remind yourself constantly that staying true to your heart matters more than avoiding being left out. I hope my ideas can clear up your confusion. Yours advisor, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给通过专栏给Billy回信，在信中谈谈对于“追求昂贵流行品牌”现象的看法并给出具体的建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 困惑：confusion→puzzlement/perplexity/uncertainty 追逐/追求：chase→pursue/run after/go after 经历：experience→undergo/go through 建议：suggestion→recommendation 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Popularity based on expensive goods is shallow and temporary. 拓展句：The popularity, which is based on expensive goods, is shallow and temporary. 【点睛】【高分句型1】If we sacrifice family finances and lose our true personalities just to fit in, we will end up empty inside, just like what you are experiencing now.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句，且“what you are experiencing now”为介词“like”的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Second, devote spare time to hobbies like reading or sports, which help you attract friends sharing the same interests.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $