Unit 4 Space Exploration 一轮复习专项训练 -2027届高三英语人教版必修第三册

**基本信息** 以太空探索主题为载体，构建"词汇语法-阅读技能-写作应用"三阶训练体系，融合语言能力培养与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇语法|10题词形变化+5题词块填空+5题语法判断+5题翻译|通过"提示词-语境-词性转换"三阶训练强化词形变化能力；采用"成分分析法"突破不定式语法难点|以disappoint/desire等核心词为起点，构建"词汇-词块-句式-语篇"的语言知识链| |阅读技能|1篇阅读理解+1篇七选五+1篇完形填空|提出"高频关键词概括法"解决无主题句段落大意总结；通过语篇结构分析训练逻辑推理能力|遵循"细节理解-推理判断-主旨概括-结构分析"的阅读能力进阶路径| |写作应用|1篇推荐信写作|构建"目的-理由-结尾"三段式写作框架，提炼"not only...but also..."等句式模板|以"推荐理由"为核心，融合单元词汇与功能句型，实现语言知识向表达能力转化|

Book 3 Unit 4 课时一 词汇、语法考点化训练（答案） 一、单元重点词汇练习：根据提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. disappointing，disappointed; disappointment 2. desired，desirable 3. limited，unlimited/limitless 4. have argued，argument 5. attachment，was attached 6. intelligent，intelligence 7. analyze，analysis 8. recycling，recyclable 9. regular，irregular，regularly 10. universe，universal，universally 二、选择适当的词块，并用其正确形式填空。 1. was attached to；ran out 2. figure out​ 3. are keen on；in the hope of​ 4. resulted in；​ 5. In closing, provide for 3、 请用大写字母标注下列画线的不定式短语在句子中充当的成分： （S=主语，O=宾语，P=表语，C=宾补，A=定语， Adv=状语） 1.To explore the universe ( S ) is to broaden human horizons, and astronomers plan to launch ( O ) new telescopes next year. 2.The team’s goal is to develop advanced rockets ( P ), hoping to enable humans to travel farther into space. 3. Scientists need a new method to analyze data ( A ), choosing to collaborate to solve complex cosmic puzzles. 4. It is crucial to protect space stations ( S ), with engineers designing shields to avoid hitting debris ( Adv ). 5. Astronauts train to endure harsh conditions ( Adv ), aiming to complete missions to study distant planets. 4、 用括号中的句式把下列句子翻译成英文。 1. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. 2. One of the most dangerous parts of space exploration is helping people to escape Earth’s gravity. 3. While sleeping, they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around. 4. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future. 5. In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. 五、阅读下面的语篇，在空白处填写正确的单词或用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. astronaut​ 2. procedure​ 3. mental 4. intelligent​ 5. universe 6. rockets​ 7. closing 8. determined​ 9. to succeed 10. is launched​ 11. orbit 12. tasks 13. independently​ 14. to Book 3 Unit 4 课时二 阅读技能训练（答案） 一、阅读理解。 体裁：说明文。 题材：女性宇航员 【文章大意】主要介绍了女性宇航员执行太空任务的独特优势 1． C 【命题意图】细节理解题。 【答案分析】根据题干关键信息“communication skills...help”定位第二段后面“Female astronauts’ strong communication skills and energy also help the crew maintain high team spirit throughout their stay, according to Pang Zhihao, a spaceflight researcher in Beijing.”可知，女性宇航员的沟通技巧有助于全体宇航员保持高昂的情绪。故选C项。 2． D 【命题意图】细节理解题。 【答案分析】根据题干关键信息“advantage females have over male astronauts”定位第四段“Many studies have found that female astronauts are well ..., and have advantages over male astronauts in qualities such as attention to detail and thinking from all angles.”可知，与男性宇航员相比，女性宇航员具备的优势是更加注重细节，可以全面思考。故选D项。 3． B 【命题意图】细节理解题。 【答案分析】根据题干关键信息“Wang’s EVAs”定位第三段“A tailor-made spacesuit was prepared for Wang’s EVAs, which was lighter than the male version. Designers optimized this spacesuit to make it more suitable for astronauts with slimmer figures.”（为王亚平的EVAs准备了一套特制的宇航服，它比男版更轻。设计师们对这套宇航服进行了优化，使其更适合身材苗条的宇航员。）可知，王亚平的宇航服是专门设计的。故选B项。 4． B 【命题意图】主旨大意题。 【答案分析】根据文章第一段“Despite physical challenges, female astronauts have unique advantages.”，以及文章后文内容可知，文章主要介绍了女性宇航员执行太空任务的独特优势。故选B项。 5． 1c; 2e; 3b; 4d; 5a To summarize main ideas, we can read through the full paragraph or passage carefully and find the words that repeat themselves. 2、 语篇结构。 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章围绕“太空探索的益处”展开，客观阐述了太空探索在增进人类对宇宙的认知、推动技术进步、创造就业机会及解决现实问题等方面的积极作用。 6． G 【考点】时间承接、总起下文 【详解】时间线索为前文的“ In 1969”后接“Since then”（自那以后），时间逻辑紧密。且原文的第一个主题句“It allows people to know more about the universe”，第四段“It paves the way to advanced technology” 和第八段“It can offer a solution to many problems”均照应了G选项“space exploration ... brought many benefits”。因此，正确选项为G。 7． B 【考点】转折关系，代词指代 【详解】前文中的“space exploration”以及后文中“It gives people a deeper understanding”都指代同一个单数主语，选项B中的代词it符合题意。前文“has answered the question”和最后一句“gives people a deeper understanding with more information”意思形成转折。因此，正确选项为B。 8. D 【考点】并列补充 【详解】根据前边“but the good news is that these new innovations (创新) aren’t just useful for astronauts and space programs,” 可知，也会应用于其他行业，D选项“can also be used in other industries”符合文意。因此，正确选项为D。 9. A 【考点】概况段落主旨大意 【详解】根据选项位置可判断此处需要选段落主题句，且并列其他主题句的句型。浏览本段，文中“doesn’t just involve scientists and astronauts”，“also requires the skills and labor of many...”和后文假设结果“these people would become jobless”，可看出Space exploration创造了很多工作机会，A选项“creates many jobs”符合文意。因此，正确选项为A。 10. F 【考点】并列句式，因果关系 【详解】根据前面“many space exploration programs are used to solve”，“Some programs...help scientists learn”与选项“ Others focus on looking for planets that can support human life”句式并列。此外，后文“This may be the solution to the earth’s growing population.”可知，寻找能够支持人类生命的行星是人口增长的一个解决方法。因此，正确选项为F。 3、 完形填空。 【答案】11-15 DADBA 16-20 CBDBA 21-25 ADABA 【导语】本文讲述了1970年阿波罗13号登月任务的惊险历程：发射时本是一次常规任务，却因服务舱氧气罐爆炸陷入危机。宇航员们被迫转移到设计用途有限的登月舱，在地面控制团队的精准指导和自身的坚持下，最终克服资源短缺等困难，成功返回地球，全员获救。 11. D。句意：“1970年4月11日，阿波罗13号飞船发射升空，预计执行一次______登月任务”。A. competition意为“比赛”；B. norm意为“规范，准则”；C. standard意为“标准”；D. routine意为“常规的”。根据语境，飞船出发时是按计划进行的常规任务，故选D。 12. A。句意：“由Jim Lovell、Jack Swigert和Fred Haise组成的机组人员______兴奋与期待”。B. provided意为“提供”；C. connected意为“连接”；D. dotted意为“点缀”。be filled with是固定搭配，“充满……”，符合“兴奋与期待”的情绪表达，故选A。 13. D。句意：“然而，飞行两天后，灾难______”。A. crashed意为“撞击；坠毁”；B. hit 意为“打击”（常指自然灾害袭击）；C. reserved意为“保留”；D. happened意为“（偶然）发生”。描述灾难的出现，happened更合适，故选D。 14. B。句意：“服务舱的一个氧气罐爆炸，这______整个任务”。A. endured意为“忍受”；B. threatened意为“威胁到”；C. risked意为“冒......险”；D. implemented意为“实施”。爆炸对任务构成威胁，threatened符合语境，故选B。 15. A。句意：“爆炸导致氧气和电力等关键资源严重______”。A. loss意为“损失”；B. slip意为“滑倒；疏漏”；C. fall意为“落下；下降”；D. recycle意为“回收”。爆炸会造成资源的丢失，loss符合语境，故选A。 16. C。句意：“宇航员别无选择，只能在登月舱中寻求______”。 A.shelf意为“架子”；B. protection意为“保护(行为)”；C. refuge意为“避难所”；D. coverage意为“覆盖范围”。飞船受损后，登月舱成为临时的安全避难处，更贴合语境，故选C。 17. B。句意：“登月舱的设计用途更为______”。A. lacking意为“缺乏的”；B. limited意为“有限的”；C. massive意为“大量的”；D. abundant意为“大量的”。（根据后文“limited”更准确描述其设计用途的局限性，故选B。 18. D。句意：“让它______三个人更长时间是一个真正的挑战，因为它原本只供两人短时间使用”。A. hurry意为“匆忙”；B. log意为“记录”；C. control意为“控制”；D. accommodate 意为“容纳；提供住宿”更符合语境，故选D。 19. B。句意：“在地球上，NASA 的地面控制团队立即______行动”。A. jumped意为“跳跃”；B. sprang意为“突然行动”；C. listed意为“列举”；D. dived意为“潜入”。 “spring into action”是固定搭配，意为 “立即行动”，符合语境，故选B。 20. A。句意：“他们面临着制定新计划将宇航员安全带回地球的______任务”。A. enormous意为“艰巨的；庞大的”；B. humble意为“谦逊的”；C. vivid意为“生动的”；D. messy意为“混乱的”。拯救宇航员的任务难度极大，enormous强调任务的艰巨性，符合语境，故选A。 21. A。句意：“他们的知识和______在计算新的飞行路线和程序时受到了考验”。A. expertise意为“专业技能”；B. options意为“选择”；C. privileges意为“特权”；D. talents意为“天赋”。与“知识”并列，“expertise”更符合语境，故选A。 22. D。句意：“宇航员们自己不得不______极其困难的环境”。A. withdraw意为“撤退”；B. witness意为“见证”；C. enrich意为“丰富”；D. endure“忍受”。面对困难环境，宇航员需要承受和忍耐，“endure”符合语境，故选D。 23. A。句意：“他们不得不定量分配______的电力、水和食物供应”。A. insufficient意为“不足的”；B. rare意为“稀有的”；C. smooth意为“光滑的”；D. infrequent意为“不频繁的”。insufficient直接描述供应数量不足，符合语境，故选A。 24. B。句意：“凭借他们的______和地面的精确指导，他们成功操控受损的飞船绕月飞行并开始返回地球的旅程”。A. favor意为“帮助；偏爱”；C. preference意为“偏好”；D. ability意为“能力”。B. courage意为“勇气”更符合极端环境下的精神品质，故选B。 25. A。句意：“最终，1970年4月17日，阿波罗13号______重新进入地球大气层，宇航员们安全获救”。A. successfully意为“成功地”；B. toughly意为“艰难地”；C. generously意为“慷慨地”；D. willingly意为“愿意地”。successfully符合语境，故选A。 Book 3 Unit 4 课时三 写作技能训练— 推荐信（答案） 第一步：写单句 1. You wrote that you are studying in my country as an exchange student and feel confused about which one to choose when facing so many attractive clubs. 2. I quite understand your feelings, so I’m writing to recommend Space Club in the hope of helping you. 3. The reasons I recommend Space Club to you are as follows. 4. First, the Space Club can satisfy your obsession with space exploration, as I remember you mentioned 5. Besides, chances to experience what astronauts do in space facilities will be provided for you by the club, which will make you excited. 6. Additionally, you can not only improve your fluency in Chinese by communicating with other members in the activities but make some like-minded new friends. 7. I’m sure you will like it since it is such an exciting club. I hope you will get used to your new school soon and enjoy your life here. 第二步　组语篇 One possible version: Dear Richard, You wrote that you are studying in my country as an exchange student and feel confused about which one to choose when facing so many attractive clubs. I quite understand your feelings, so I’m writing to recommend Space Club in the hope of helping you. The reasons I recommend it to you are as follows. First, the Space Club can satisfy your obsession with space exploration, as I remember you mentioned previously. Besides, chances to experience what astronauts do in space facilities will be provided for you by the club, which will make you excited. Additionally, you can not only improve your fluency in Chinese by communicating with other members in the activities but make some like-minded new friends. I’m sure you will like it since it is such an exciting club. I hope you will get used to your new school soon and enjoy your life here. Yours, Li Hua 单元过关（答案） （一）阅读理解 A 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家研制的由蒸汽驱动的宇宙飞船的相关情况。 1. 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，飞船在这些宇宙天体上着陆是为了寻找水，转换成蒸汽，使飞船的动力系统正常工作。 2. 细节理解题。根据第五段的“WINE is designed to never run out of propellant”可知，因为这种宇宙飞船可以使用水蒸气做动力，在小行星上获得水，所以它的动力是无穷尽的。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Such exploration activities can be carried out anywhere there is water”可知，这种探索活动可以 在任何有水的地方进行。也就是说在宇宙飞行中，水的供应是关键。 4. 标题归纳题。根据第二段的“Now, some American scientists are developing steam power for one of today's most highly technical activities—space exploration.”可知，文章谈论的主要话题是科学家开发蒸汽驱动的宇宙飞船。因此C项作为文章的标题最合适。 B 【答案】5. A 6. D 7. A 8. B 【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。 【解析】 5. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.”( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才－女性或不同肤色或信仰的人－做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。 6. 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are ‘really, really smart.’” (更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。 7. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.” ( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。 8. 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with ‘intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.’”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。 （二）语篇结构 【答案】9. G 10. F 11. A 12. C 13.E 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，通过对比介绍火星与地球上生物及环境的异同，论证了将来人类登上火星生活的可能性。 9. 前后句例证关系。根据上句“There are differences between Earth and Mars, but also a number of similarities”中介绍地球与火星有不同但也有相似之处，下面应具体举例。G项正好表达了火星与地球季节和矿物质的相似之处，因此答案为G。 10. 前后句因果关系。上文“Scientists believe that the two Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos,are ‘captured’ little planets”提到科学家认为Phobos和Deimos是火星的卫星(moons)，但其实是两颗小行星，因此它们对火星没有月亮对地球一样的平衡作用。因此答案为F。 11. 概括段落主旨。第三段中“In preparation for the human colonisation of Mars, seeds and organic matter would have to be transported from Earthto begin growing plants and establishing a food supply”，主要介绍为了向火星上运输种子和有机物质，每年各地的学生都会参加IGEM比赛，由此可知第三段的小标题应为A项。 12. 递进承接上文，与后文形成例证关系。因为上文“Plants need pollinators as well as water,and the best pollinator on Earth is the humble bee and entire hives...”把传粉者蜜蜂整个蜂巢运到火星上，后一句应是猜测可能发生的情况。下文提到“without natural predators,they could grow very large”，没有捕食者，蜜蜂可能会长得特别大，对应选项C中interesting。因此答案为C。 13. 前后句转折。上面一句提到“the effect on the human body of living in a field of lower gravity”到达火星后将面对重力较低的情况，可是这正好是宇航员们正在经历的，言下之意这个问题可以克服，增加了标题中的可能性 “possibility”, 因此答案为E。 （3） 语法填空 【答案】 14. touched 15. extremely 16. where 17. interest 18. than 19. to find 20. means 21. is constructed 22. much 23. its 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功软着陆，中国成为第一个使探测器在月球背面软着陆的国家。文章彰显了民族自豪感。 【解析】 14. touched。考查时态。句子主语是“the unmanned Chang'e-4 probe,” 谓语动词是touch。根据时间状语last week可判断用一般过去时。touch down意为“(飞机等)降落，着陆”。 15. extremely。考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。修饰形容词 challenging应用extreme的副词形式extremely。 16. where。考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰a spot,且所填词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。 17. interest。考查词性转换(形容词变名词)。此处是“be of+名词”结构， be of interest to sb.意为“对某人有吸引力”。 18. than。考查more...than...的用法。根据前面的比较级more 可知，此处是将“the far side of the moon”和“the familiar near side”进行比较，故填than。 19. to find。考查非谓语动词(不定式)。use sth.to do sth.表示“用某物做某事”，不定式表示目的。 20. means。考查时态和主谓一致。根据直接引语中的excites可判断用一般现在时；主语是it，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 21. is constructed。考查时态和语态。整句话的时态为一般现在时，且the moon与construct (组成，构成)之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。 22. much。考查how much的用法。此处意为“它含有多少冰和其他宝藏”，所填词修饰ice, 故用much。 23. its。考查代词。所填词修饰后面的plans，故填it的形容词性物主代词形式its。 （4） 读后续写。 One possible version: In a class discussion, I was invited to explain the meaning of my name. Standing up nervously, I took a deep breath and began to speak, “‘Qiu’ means autumn, a season of harvest and beauty in Chinese culture. It’s also a time for reflection and appreciation. And ‘Yu’ represents rain, which symbolizes life, growth, and purification. Together, my name carries the wish for a life as refreshing and poetic as autumn rain.” As I spoke, I saw curiosity twinkling in my classmates’ eyes, and the professor nodded in approval. Many of my classmates got interested and came up to me after class. They surrounded me with questions about Chinese culture, not just my name. Some asked about traditional festivals, while others were curious about Chinese calligraphy and poetry. Hearing these questions, I felt that a wave of excitement and delight swept over me, realizing how much I had missed by holding myself back before. From that day on, instead of avoiding the pronunciation issue, I embraced it as a chance to introduce Chinese culture. Each mispronounced “Qiu Yu” became an opening for a deeper conversation, bridging the gap between different cultures and bringing us all closer. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Book 3 Unit 4 课时一 词汇、语法考点化训练 一、根据提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. The __________ outcome of the Mars sample return mission left researchers __________ , as the mission’s collapse brought unexpected __________ to the space community. (disappoint) 2. Early astronauts __________ to explore the moon, and such missions became more __________ as technology developed. (desire) 3. Today’s space probes have __________ power, yet they strive to reveal the __________ wonders hidden in distant galaxies beyond our solar system. (limit) 4. Scientists __________ for years over the __________ about funding priorities in deep-space exploration programs. (argue) 5. Astronauts who have a strong __________ to space exploration were glad the new device __________ to the station. (attach) 6. The __________ robot, designed with advanced __________, helps astronauts collect data during deep-space missions. (intelligent) 7. Scientists need to __________ the data carefully before they can come up with a comprehensive __________ that explains the causes of this phenomenon. (analyze)​ 8. In space stations, __________ waste and using __________ materials are key to sustainable long-term missions. (recycle) 9. Ground teams conduct __________ equipment checks, note __________ temperature changes, and __________ update plans to keep the space station running smoothly. (regular)​ 10. Exploring the __________ needs __________ tech, and such efforts are __________ seen as key to uncovering cosmic truths beyond our world. (universe) 二、选择适当的词块，并用其正确形式填空。 be attached to provide for be keen on in closing result in in the hope of figure out run out 1. The old device, which __________ the satellite, stopped working after its battery __________ last winter.​ 2. Scientists need to __________ Mars’ harsh conditions and how to sustain life on it. 3. Researchers __________ finding water on the moon, drilling samples __________ confirming its existence.​ 4. A miscalculation in fuel use once __________ a delay, making the crew fear supplies might run out before landing.​ 5. __________, let us acknowledge that every breakthrough in space exploration hinges on our ability to __________ astronauts physically and psychologically, ensuring their safety as they push the boundaries of human knowledge. 3、 判断下列画线的不定式短语在句子中充当的成分。 （S=主语，O=宾语，P=表语，C=宾补，A=定语， Adv=状语） 1.To explore the universe ( ) is to broaden human horizons, and astronomers plan to launch ( ) new telescopes next year. 2.The team’s goal is to develop advanced rockets ( ), hoping to enable humans to travel farther into space. 3. Scientists need a new method to analyze data ( ), choosing to collaborate to solve complex cosmic puzzles. 4. It is crucial to protect space stations ( ), with engineers designing shields to avoid hitting debris ( ). 5. Astronauts train to endure harsh conditions ( ), aiming to complete missions to study distant planets. 四、用括号中的句式把下列句子翻译成英文。 1. 这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 2. 太空探索中最危险的环节之一，就是帮助人们脱离地球引力。(one of the ... is ...) 3. 睡觉的时候，他们必须把自己固定在某物上，以防止四处飘荡。(状语从句省略句 while doing sth) 4. 尽管困难重重，科学家们仍希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，还能帮助我们在未来更好地生存下去。(not only...but also...) 5. 最后，太空探索为世界带来了诸多不同的益处。（doing 做主语） 五、阅读下面的语篇，根据提示在空白处填写正确的单词或用所给词的正确形式填空。 To become an 1. a , you must go through a strict selection 2. (程序). You need a lot of 3. m , 4. i and physical training. Besides, you should not only know about the 5. ( universal), the solar system and our globe, but also understand 6. r , satellites, spacecrafts, gravity and so on. In 7. __________ (close), astronauts must have a 8. d will and a strong desire 9. (succeed). After a spacecraft 10. (launch), make sure it goes in the right 11. o . An astronaut on board has a lot of 12. (task) to carry on, for example, completing a spacewalk 13. (independent) so as to transmit data 14. the relevant agencies on earth. Book 3 Unit 4 课时二 阅读技能训练 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 On Nov 8. Wang Yaping, a female taikonaut of the Shenzhou ⅩⅢ mission, became China’s first and the world’s 16th female spacewalker. The expected six-month journey in space has left many people curious about the differences between male and female astronauts, especially in terms of performing extravehicular（舱外的）activities (EVAs). Despite physical challenges, female astronauts have unique advantages. Mutual understanding between astronauts is very important for carrying out EVAs, which is the basis of excellent communication skills. Women are superior in communication and language expression, and this helps female astronauts conduct EVAs. Female astronauts’ strong communication skills and energy also help the crew maintain high team spirit throughout their stay, according to Pang Zhihao, a spaceflight researcher in Beijing. Men and women are different in body size, which also gives women unique advantages for spacewalks. A different body shape requires a different spacesuit. A tailor-made spacesuit was prepared for Wang’s EVAs, which was lighter than the male version. Designers optimized （优化） this spacesuit to make it more suitable for astronauts with slimmer figures. Many studies have found that female astronauts are well adapted to carrying out space missions, and have advantages over male astronauts in qualities such as attention to detail and thinking from all angles. Besides, men often do well in shorter-term, goal-oriented situations, while women are better in longer-term, habitation-type circumstances, according to National Geographic. Women’s participation in EVAs is a necessary part of space missions, and we are witnessing history thanks to Wang’s bravery, according to Pang. 1. What can female astronauts’ communication skills help do? A. Conduct various tasks. B. Do some space research. C. Keep the crew’s spirits high. D. Rise to physical challenges. 2. Which of the following is an advantage females have over male astronauts? A. Females can adapt to space more quickly. B. Female bodies are stronger and more flexible. C. Females deal with goal-oriented situations better than males. D. Females pay more attention to details and think comprehensively. 3. What do we know about Wang’s EVAs? A. She is the first ever female spacewalker. B. The spacesuit she wore was specially designed. C. The mission she carried out showed the power of China. D. She performed some tasks that her male partners couldn’t do. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. The importance of female astronauts. B. The advantages of females performing EVAs. C. The preparations for the first female spacewalk. D. The challenges female astronauts face during a spacewalk. 5.为了练习概况总结技能，请再次浏览文章，关注每个段落高频关键词来概括大意。再完成下面的匹配题。 Para1 a. Women’s EVA participation is necessary; Wang makes history. Para2 b. Women’s body size is more suitable for spacewalk. Para3 c. Wang Yaping’s EVA sparks curiosity about gender differences in astronauts. Para4 d. Female astronauts’ advantages in adaptation and quality over males. Para5 e. Female astronauts excel in communication, aiding EVAs and team spirit. 训练后反思： Look at Q5 in your exercises. How do you summarize the main ideas without topic sentences? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、语篇结构。 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The universe has never failed to catch humans’ attention. Ancient humans came up with stories to explain the presence of the sun and other planets. As time went by, humans set their sights on exploring the vastness of space. In 1969, astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon’s surface. 6 ●It allows people to know more about the universe. Undoubtedly, space exploration has answered the question of whether the Earth is round or not and proved the Earth does circle around the sun and not the other way around. 7 It gives people a deeper understanding of the universe and provides them with more information about the world they live in. ●It paves the way to advanced technology. Scientists are always developing new technology for space programs, but the good news is that these new innovations aren’t just useful for astronauts and space programs. 8 In fact they have already led to the development of modern products and devices that many people use such as GPS systems, and breast cancer test imaging, to name a few. ● 9 Space exploration doesn’t just involve scientists and astronauts; it also requires the skills and labor of many engineers, research assistants, technicians, mechanics, and other professionals. If space exploration were stopped today, these people would become jobless, and they wouldn’t have the means to support themselves and their families. ● It can offer a solution to many problems. Aside from collecting information about the outer space, many space exploration programs are used to solve some of the problems with our modern society. Some programs, for example, help scientists learn more about the earth’s atmosphere and know how to better predict weather and natural disasters. 10 This may be the solution to the earth’s growing population. Space exploration is one of the biggest achievements of humans as a whole, and it has paved the way to greater scientific understanding and technological advancement over the years. I can see no reason why we should stop our exploration. A. It creates many jobs. B. But it does much more than that. C. It was a big step in space exploration. D. They can also be used in other industries. E. They also help scientists know more about the earth. F. Others focus on looking for planets that can support human life. G. Since then, space exploration has been going on and has brought many benefits. 三、完形填空。 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 On April 11, 1970, the Apollo 13 spacecraft took off on what was expected to be a 11 moon-landing mission. The crew, consisting of Jim Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise, were 12 with excitement and anticipation. However, two days into the flight, disaster 13 . An oxygen tank exploded in the service module, which 14 the entire mission. The explosion resulted in a severe 15 of crucial resources such as oxygen and electrical power. The astronauts had no choice but to seek 16 in the lunar module, which was designed for a much more 17 use. It was a real challenge to make it 18 three people for an extended period when it was only meant for two for a short time. On Earth, NASA's ground-control team 19 into action immediately. They were faced with the 20 task of devising a new plan to bring the astronauts home safely. Their knowledge and 21 were put to the test as they calculated new flight paths and procedures. The astronauts themselves had to 22 extremely difficult circumstances. They had to ration their 23 supplies of power, water, and food. Through their 24 and the precise guidance from the ground, they managed to maneuver the damaged spacecraft around the moon and start the journey back to Earth. Finally, on April 17, 1970, Apollo 13 25 re-entered the Earth's atmosphere, and the astronauts were rescued safely. 11. A. competition B. norm C. standard D. routine 12. A filled B. provided C. connected D. dotted 13. A. crashed B. hit C.reserved D. happened 14. A. endured B. threatened C. risked D. implemented 15. A. loss B. slip C. fall D. recycle 16. A. shelf B. protection C. refuge D. coverage 17. A. lacking B. limited C. massive D. abundant 18. A. hurry B. log C. control D. accommodate 19. A. jumped B. sprang C. listed D. dived 20. A. enormous B. humble C. vivid D. messy 21. A. expertise B. options C. privileges D. talents 22. A. withdraw B. witness C. enrich D. endure 23. A. insufficient B. rare C. smooth D. infrequent 24. A. favor B. courage C. preference D. ability 25. A. successfully B. toughly C. generously D. willingly Book 3 Unit 4 课时三 写作技能训练— 推荐信 单元话题写作：推荐信 （一）写作指导 推荐信写作的核心结构是： 1. 写信目的+推荐的事物： recommend sth to 2. 理由段：详细说明推荐理由 3. 结尾段：希望对方接受自己的推荐，并表达祝福。 （二）写作训练 假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友Richard作为交换生来中国学习，面对学校里众多俱乐部不知道如何选择，请向他推荐 Space Club 并说明理由。 注意: ①词数80左右; ②信的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Richard, Yours Li Hua 第一步：写单句 1. 你来信说，你作为交换生正在我国学习，而且面对这么多吸引人的社团，不知道该选哪个，感到很困惑。（现在进行时描述现在的处境，一般现在时描述现在的心情） You wrote that , and when facing so many attractive clubs. 2. 我十分理解你的感受，因此写信为了向你真诚地推荐space club，希望对你有帮助。(一般现在时，介词短语) , so I’m writing to 3. 我推荐space club的理由如下。（定语从句） 4. 首先，space club可以满足你对天文学的痴迷，我记得你提到过。（your obsession with） 5. 此外，该俱乐部会为你提供体验宇航员在太空设施中所做工作的机会，这一定会让你兴奋不已。（被动语态be provided for,名词性从句，） , chances to experience in space facilities, . 6. 此外，在活动中与其他成员交流，你不仅能提高中文流利度，还能结识志同道合的新朋友。(not only...but also...) 7. 我相信你一定会喜欢它的，因为这是一个非常有趣的社团。愿你早日适应新学校，喜欢上这里的生活。 第二步　组语篇 单元过关 （一）阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The history of steam power goes all the way back to the 1700s. At the time, steam was used to power many different machines and helped fuel the Industrial Revolution. Over the years, steam was replaced by other fuel systems to power everything from homes to cars to industrial equipment. Now, some American scientists are developing steam power for one of today’s most highly technical activities—space exploration. Research scientists from the University of Central Florida (UCF) and US-based space company Honeybee Robotics are carrying out the project. The scientists are developing and testing a space robot model named The World Is Not Enough, which they call WINE for short. The spacecraft is designed to travel repeatedly between space rocks called asteroids (小行星) and planets throughout the solar system. The spacecraft is designed to land on these space objects, where it can use its tools to search for and collect water that might be below the surface. WINE can then heat the water to create steam to power the spacecraft to its next space stop. The scientists believe the technology can open up limitless space exploration. Currently, space exploration trips in the solar system must end when the spacecraft runs out of fuel. WINE is designed to never run out of propellant (推进剂) so exploration will be less expensive. It also allows us to explore in a shorter amount of time, since we don’t have to wait for years as a new spacecraft travels from the Earth each time. WINE spacecraft can keep traveling to many different asteroids and planets. They can carry out experiments before refueling and launching to the next stop. Such exploration activities can be carried out anywhere there is water and the right gravitational conditions. 1. Why is the spacecraft designed to land on space objects? A. To gather energy from the sun. B. To do scientific research on them. C. To set up space stations for traveling. D. To keep its power system working normally. 2. What is the advantage of WINE compared with traditional spacecraft? A. It can have endless power. B. It never returns to the Earth. C. It doesn’t use solar energy. D. It needn’t travel from the Earth. 3. Which of the following is a must for WINE to operate well? A. Enough asteroids and planets. B. Getting water supply in space. C. Making use of wind energy. D. Stations built on asteroids and planets. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Spacecraft Traveling in Space Without Stopping B. Steam Power Popular in Space Exploration Again C. Scientists Developing Spacecraft Powered by Steam D. Steam Power Replacing Traditional Fuel in Space Travel (2021年全国高考甲卷D篇) B Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not. Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.” 5. What does the author think of the victors’ standards for joining the genius club? A. They’re unfair. B. They’re conservative. C. They’re objective. D. They’re strict. 6. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science? A. They think themselves smart. B. They look up to great thinkers. C. They see gender differences earlier than boys. D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs 7. Why are more geniuses known to the public? A. Improved global communication. B. Less discrimination against women. C. Acceptance of victors' concepts. D. Changes in people's social positions. 8. What is the best title for the text? A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck （二）语篇结构 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Life on Mars: Is It Really Possible? Now that curiosity is beaming back Earth-like pictures of Martian landscapes, the old question raises its head: could man and woman ever go there? The answer is, very definitely yes. There are a number of practical challenges to overcome first, however. There are differences between Earth and Mars, but also a number of similarities. 1 Phobos and Deimos Unlike Earth, Mars does not have a polar magnetic field. Scientists believe that the two Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, are “captured” little planets. 2 3 For the annual IGEM or International Genetically Engineered Machines competition, students around the world attempt to make living cells perform new tasks. In preparation for the human colonisation of Mars, seeds and organic matter would have to be transported from Earth to begin growing plants and establishing a food supply. Super-sized Bees Plants need pollinators as well as water, and the best pollinator on Earth is the humble bee and entire hives would be transported to Mars. 4 However, without natural predators, they could grow very large, indeed. Overcoming Challenges—Opening Possibilities There will be other challenges to overcome, for example, the effect on the human body of living in a field of lower gravity. 5 Right now, we ought to welcome the challenges. The more challenges we overcome now, the more prepared we will be for moving out of our solar system and into the grand, universal adventure that is ahead of us. A. IGEM B. The next question is: Could man colonize Mars? C. Once there, the insects would be let loose among the plants. D. However, all kinds of other,interesting things will be happening. E. But these are already issues for astronauts living on the International Space Station. F. They do not have the stabilising effect on the spin of the planet like the moon has upon Earth. G. Mars has Earth-like seasons and the planet's surface is abundant in minerals essential for plant growth. （三）语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2020·全国I卷) China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— 14 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 15 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 16 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 17 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 18 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 19 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it 20 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 21 (construct).” Data about the moon's composition, such as how 22 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 23 (it) plans for a future lunar base are practical. （四）读后续写 （2025年全国卷二）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “What is your name?” is a question most frequently asked when people meet for the first time. But for me, it was the first challenge I encountered as an international student in Ireland. The pronunciation system of the Chinese language is quite different from that of English. For native speakers of English, some Chinese words are rather difficult to pronounce. My given name Qiuyu, for instance, happened to be a great challenge for many of them. Every time I gave a self-introduction, I had to explain how to pronounce my name at least five times, yet they still could not say it the way I did. Once in a lecture, the professor tried repeating my name after me over and over in front of thirty classmates. I really did not know whether I should continue correcting him or simply drop the matter. I feared that my classmates might grow tired of my efforts or even lose patience with me. After all, I did care about how others would think of me. I realized that if I didn’t stop, the entire lecture would be ruined. “It’s okay, professor,” I shrugged. The awkward moment ended with the class erupting into laughter. I forced a smile, unsure how to respond further. After that incident, I stopped acting as a “Chinese teacher.” Instead of correcting others when they were struggling to pronounce my name, I just smiled and nodded approvingly. This approach spared me the discomfort of having to over-explain. However, I soon found that by doing so, I might be losing something more important: the opportunity to share a small part of my cultural identity. 注意 ： (1)续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 In a class discussion, I was invited to explain the meaning of my name.__________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Many of my classmates got interested and came up to me after class.____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $