Unit 5 Nature's Temper-【语境大串记】词汇语境串记单元学案2026-2027学年英语人教版八年级下册

该初中英语导学案以八年级下册Unit 5 "Nature's Temper"为核心，围绕“自然灾难”主题设计整体学习目标，通过“语境串记-词形转变-梯度练习-关联拓展-词汇表-顽固词库”的递进式结构，构建从词汇输入到综合运用的完整学习路径，体现知识建构的系统性和连贯性。 亮点在于“语境串记单词”通过自然灾难故事整合82个单元词汇，结合词形转变表和梯度复现练习（英汉互译、词形变换等七类题型），培养语言能力和思维品质。“顽固词库”支持个性化复习，“关联拓展”中的词汇网络图和跨单元微循环促进知识迁移，为教师实施单元复习提供针对性强的教学工具，助力学生深度学习和能力提升。

专题05 第五单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（人教版） （ 知识点来源： 八年级下册Unit 5 Nature's Temper ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 2 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 2 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 5 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 5 Nature's Temper，共82词） 5 第六部分：单元“顽固词库” 8 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） Natural Disasters A schoolgirl and her family are on a hot beach when the sea begins to froth and a tall wave comes near the shore. She does warn of a sudden tsunami and the small alarm clock in her bag seems to go off in her head. We wake up at once and the security guard asks the whole neighbourhood to hide nearby. A loud scream is heard and people report the danger to the radio for a long interview. The huge water may possibly arrive soon and, thankfully, her clear knowledge makes the young girl a real hero. A brave guard helps the old man to a safe place. Since that day we learn about many disasters in the southwestern part of the country. An earthquake can beat the roof of a house and a typhoon brings a wildfire to the dry land. A snowstorm and a heavy rainstorm often come with loud thunder in the cold north. The flood and the floodwater rise fast after a long drought in summer. A tornado may hit a small town and a landslide blocks the only road. The worst trouble is that the power goes out and a truck with supply cannot move. People are out of breath and, as a result, they refuse to leave their relative. We must safeguard the weak and rescue them with great care. A firefighter and a volunteer come as soon as the alarm sounds after the quake. They make preparations and check each house with great care and security. The heatwave is terribly hot and the usual day is not the same. All of a sudden the heartbeat of a child is heard and we nearly lose hope. We review the whole event and warn the town to stay calm. The preparation by the team saves many lives at last. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 我们是一名学生(schoolgirl)和她的家人在炎热海滩，这时大海开始泛起泡沫(froth)，一道高高的波浪(wave)逼近岸边。她警告(warn of)一场突如其来的(sudden)海啸(tsunami)，她包里的小闹钟(alarm clock)仿佛在脑中突然响起(go off)。我们立刻醒来(wake up)，保安(security guard)请整个街区(neighbourhood)在附近(nearby)躲藏(hide)。一声尖叫(scream)响起，人们向电台报告(report)危险并接受长篇采访(interview)。巨大的海水可能(possibly)很快到来，幸亏(thankfully)她清晰的知识(knowledge)让这个小女孩成为真正的英雄(hero)。一位勇敢的卫兵(guard)把老人送到安全处。 自那以后(since)我们了解了这个国家西南部(southwestern)的许多灾害。地震(earthquake)能击打(beat)房屋的屋顶(roof)，台风(typhoon)给干旱土地带来野火(wildfire)。暴风雪(snowstorm)和暴雨(rainstorm)常伴着响亮雷声(thunder)降临北方。洪水(flood)与洪水(floodwater)在夏日久旱(drought)后迅速上涨。龙卷风(tornado)可能袭击小镇，山体滑坡(landslide)阻断唯一道路。最糟的(worst)麻烦(trouble)是电力(power)中断，运载物资(supply)的卡车(truck)无法移动。人们上气不接下气(out of breath)，因此(as a result)他们拒绝(refuse)离开亲人(relative)。我们必须保护(safeguard)弱者并营救(rescue)他们。 消防队员(firefighter)和志愿者(volunteer)在警报(alarm)一响就立刻(as soon as)赶来。他们做准备工作(make preparations)并仔细查看每栋房屋与安全(security)。热浪(heatwave)热得可怕(terribly)，平常的(usual)一天不再一样。突然(all of a sudden)听到孩子的心跳(heartbeat)，我们几乎(nearly)失去希望。我们回顾(review)整件事并警告(warn)全镇保持冷静。团队的准备(preparation)拯救了许多生命。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 warn v.警告；提醒注意 warning n.警告；提醒 2 prepare v.准备；预备 preparation n.准备；prepared adj.准备好的 3 rescue v.营救；援救 rescuer n.营救者；救援者 4 safe adj.安全的 safety n.安全；safeguard v.保护 5 fire n.火；火灾 firefighter n.消防队员 6 volunteer v.自愿做；n.志愿者 voluntary adj.自愿的；volunteers n.志愿者（复） 7 sudden adj.突然的；骤然的 suddenly adv.突然地 8 terrible adj.糟糕的；非常的 terribly adv.非常糟糕地 9 rain n.雨；雨水 rainstorm n.暴风雨；rainy adj.多雨的 10 thunder n.雷；雷声 thunderstorm n.雷暴；thunder v.打雷 11 hero n.英雄；勇士 heroic adj.英雄的；heroes n.英雄（复） 12 know v.知道；了解 knowledge n.知识；known adj.已知的 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（20题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 1/8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（12个） 1. earthquake → __________ 2. tsunami → __________ 3. typhoon → __________ 4. flood → __________ 5. tornado → __________ 6. landslide → __________ 7. rescue → __________ 8. volunteer → __________ 9. firefighter → __________ 10. neighbourhood → __________ 11. safeguard → __________ 12. knowledge → __________ 子题B：中译英（8个） 1. 海啸 → __________ 2. 洪水 → __________ 3. 营救 → __________ 4. 志愿者 → __________ 5. 消防队员 → __________ 6. 保护 → __________ 7. 知识 → __________ 8. 警报 → __________ 题型2：词形变换（8题） 1. The ________ (warn) on the radio tells people to leave the town at once. 2. After the full ________ (prepare), the team is ready to help the victims. 3. A brave ________ (rescue) saves the small child from the cold river. 4. The ________ (safe) of the old people is our first task in the storm. 5. These ________ (volunteer) give food and water to the neighbours every day. 6. The heavy rain came ________ (sudden) and the street was empty at once. 7. The fire was ________ (terrible) strong and broke the roof of the house. 8. His clear ________ (know) of the sea helped him warn of the wave. 题型3：短语填空（6题） 从方框中选择短语，用正确形式填空： warn of make preparations as soon as go off wake up out of breath 1. The family makes full ____________ before the strong typhoon comes to the small village. 2. We should leave the house ____________ the heavy rain finally stops today. 3. The radio will ____________ a dangerous tsunami that is coming soon. 4. We must ____________ very early in order to leave the unsafe building. 5. The loud alarm will ____________ at six o'clock in the cold morning. 6. After the long run, he was completely ____________ and needed a rest. 题型4：完成句子（5题） （每小题设2个空格） 1. 地震后，勇敢的消防队员救了所有邻居。 After the strong ________, the brave ________ saved all of the neighbours quickly and safely. 2. 善良的志愿者能保护弱者免受大洪水之害。 The kind ________ can ________ the weak people from the big flood at once. 3. 我们一听到响亮的警报就醒来。 We ________ ________ as soon as the loud alarm sounds in the morning near the sea. 4. 强龙卷风给小镇造成了最糟的麻烦。 The strong ________ caused the ________ trouble in the small town yesterday afternoon. 5. 她清晰的知识帮我们为即将到来的风暴做好准备。 Her clear ________ helps us make good ________ for the coming storm every year. 题型5：句型同义转换（5题） 1. The rain stopped in a sudden way and the warm sun came out at last. The rain stopped ________ and the warm sun came out at last. 2. The cold wind blew in a terrible way during the long night. The cold wind blew ________ during the long and quiet winter night near the sea. 3. He was near to giving up when the help finally arrived. He ________ gave up when the help from his friends finally arrived. 4. It is in a possible way that the big storm returns to the town. It may ________ return to the town and hurt the roofs. 5. We felt in a thankful way when the rescue team came at night. We felt ________ when the brave rescue team came to us at night. 题型6：单句语法填空（8题） 1. The loud alarm ________ (go) off at six in the morning near the quiet sea. 2. The small town ________ (hit) by a strong earthquake last night in the hills. 3. Many people ________ (help) the victims with food and clean water every day. 4. A brave firefighter ________ (come) into the house to save the small child. 5. The water ________ (rise) quickly after the heavy rain in the valley. 6. They wanted ________ (save) the old man from the cold and deep water. 7. The rain was ________ (heavy) than before and caused a bad flood. 8. We ________ (thank) the heroes who saved our town from the fire. 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） A schoolgirl on holiday sees the sea froth and a small wave near the beach. She does warn the people of a coming tsunami and the alarm in her bag seems to go off. She does report the danger to the radio for a long interview at once. The neighbourhood begins to hide nearby and a loud scream is heard by all the people. A brave guard helps the old man to a safe place before the water rises high. The firefighter and the volunteer come as soon as they can to the small town. They make preparations and check each house with care and security. The earthquake brings a flood and the floodwater rises fast after the heavy rain. A snowstorm and a heavy rainstorm often come with loud thunder in the cold north. The drought in summer makes the wildfire spread to the dry land far away. A tornado may hit a small town and a landslide blocks the only road. People are out of breath and refuse to leave their relative in the house. We rescue the weak and safeguard them with great care at once. The worst trouble is that the power goes out and a truck with supply cannot move. The usual day is not the same after the big quake in the hills. Thankfully, the knowledge of the girl makes her a hero and many lives are saved. We review the whole event and learn how to stay calm in a disaster. 1. What did the schoolgirl see near the beach? A. The sea froth and a small wave. B. A tall building. C. A big city. D. A long road. 2. Who comes to help the town as soon as they can? A. A teacher. B. The firefighter and the volunteer. C. A doctor. D. A farmer. 3. What does the underlined word "tsunami" most probably mean? A. 地震 B. 海啸 C. 台风 D. 洪水 4. What happens to the truck with supply in the passage? A. It moves fast. B. It goes to the park. C. It reaches the school. D. It cannot move. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. To teach math. B. To describe a movie. C. To tell a story of disaster and rescue. D. To cook food. 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：Natural Disasters） 类别 词汇 同义词 / 近义 相关词 / 话题 行为动词 描述词 B. 易混词辨析（3组，每组2小题） 第1组：terrible（adj. 糟糕的；非常的）/ terribly（adv. 非常糟糕地） (1) The ________ storm broke the old roof of the small house. (2) The fire burned ________ and destroyed the wooden bridge at night. 第2组：warn（v. 警告；提醒）/ warn of（警告……；提醒注意……） (1) The teacher will ________ the students about the coming exam at school. (2) The radio will ________ a dangerous tsunami that may arrive soon. 第3组：flood（n./v. 洪水；淹没）/ floodwater（n. 洪水） (1) The ________ covered the street after the heavy rain last night. (2) The rising ________ washed away the small wooden bridge in the valley. C. 跨单元微循环（8题，复习上一单元词汇：八年级下册 Unit 4 Natural Wonders） We ________ (想知道) the height of the great waterfall in the north. He will ________ (潜水) into the cold water to see the small fish below. Few animals can ________ (幸存) in the hot desert for many long days. The ________ (探险者) is determined to locate the cave on the southern coast. The bright ________ (礁) and the coral attract many small fish to the shore. We ________ (测量) the depth of the river to learn about the land. The strange structure can ________ (吸引) a curious traveller to the beach. The ________ (好奇的) child likes to watch the alive turtle by the blue sea. 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 5 Nature's Temper，共82词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 temper n. 脾气；怒气 2 earthquake n. 地震 3 typhoon n. 台风 4 wildfire n. 野火 5 snowstorm n. 雪暴；暴风雪 6 flood n. 水灾；洪水；v. 泛滥；淹没 7 drought n. 久旱；旱灾 8 warn v. 警告；提醒注意 9 warn of — 警告；提醒注意 10 do chores — 做家务 11 wave n. 波浪；波；挥手；v. 挥手；挥舞 12 tsunami n. 海啸 13 interview n. 采访；面试；v. 采访；对（某人）进行面试 14 possibly adv. 可能；或许 15 report n. & v. 汇报；报道 16 neighbourhood n. 街区；邻近的地方 17 roof n. 屋顶；顶部 18 nearly adv. 几乎；差不多；将近 19 trouble n. 苦恼；困难；v. 使忧虑、苦恼；劳烦；麻烦 20 relative n. 亲戚；亲属 21 truck n. 卡车 22 supply n. 供应（量）；（pl. supplies）补给（品）；v. 供应；供给 23 preparation n. 准备（工作）；预备 24 make preparations — 做准备；做准备工作 25 power n. 电力供应；能量；力量 26 soundly adv. （睡觉）酣畅地；完全彻底地 27 thick adj. 厚的；浓密的 28 beat v. （beat, beaten /ˈbi:tn/）敲；打 29 hide v. （hid /hɪd/, hidden /ˈhɪdn/）躲藏；隐藏 30 tornado n. 龙卷风；旋风 31 worst adj. & adv. 最坏的（地）；最糟的（地） 32 schoolgirl n. （学校的）女生 33 froth n. 泡；泡沫 34 refuse v. 拒绝；回绝 35 security n. 安全；保安；保密 36 guard n. 卫兵；保卫；v. 保卫 37 security guard — 保安人员 38 nearby adj. 附近的 39 nearby adv. 在附近 40 scream v. & n. 尖叫 41 thankfully adv. 幸亏；感激地 42 knowledge n. 知识；学问 43 thinking n. 思考；想法 44 except for — 除……之外 45 as soon as — 一……就…… 46 hero n. （pl. heroes）英雄；勇士；偶像 47 landslide n. （山坡或悬崖的）滑坡；塌方 48 safeguard v. 保护；捍卫 49 safeguard n. 安全设备 50 floodwater n. 洪水 51 manpower n. 劳动力；人力 52 heartbeat n. 心跳（声） 53 rescue n. 救援；v. 援救；营救 54 heatwave n. 热浪 55 since prep., adv. & conj. 自……以后；从……以来；既然；由于 56 southwestern adj. 西南的；西南方向的 57 firefighter n. 消防队员 58 volunteer n. 志愿者 59 volunteer v. 自愿做；义务做 60 terribly adv. 非常糟糕地；非常 61 alarm n. 警报（器）；惊恐 62 alarm clock — 闹钟 63 wake up — 醒来 64 go off — （警报器等）突然发出巨响 65 review v. 复习；回顾；复查 66 review n. 回顾；审查 67 sudden adj. 突然的；骤然的 68 all of a sudden — 突然；猛地 69 thunder n. 雷；雷声 70 thunder v. 打雷；发出雷鸣般响声 71 by the time — 到……的时候 72 usual adj. 通常的；平常的 73 out of breath — 上气不接下气 74 rainstorm n. 暴风雨 75 as a result — 因此 76 unlucky adj. 不幸的；不顺利的；不吉利的 77 rainy adj. 阴雨的；多雨的 78 go wrong — 出问题；发生故障；出错 79 Tilly — 蒂莉 80 Phuket — 普吉岛 81 Indonesia — 印度尼西亚 82 Japan — 日本 第六部分：单元“顽固词库” 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $专题05 第五单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（人教版） （ 知识点来源： 八年级下册Unit 5 Nature's Temper ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 2 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 2 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 8 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 5 Nature's Temper，共82词） 9 第六部分：单元“顽固词库” 12 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） Natural Disasters A schoolgirl and her family are on a hot beach when the sea begins to froth and a tall wave comes near the shore. She does warn of a sudden tsunami and the small alarm clock in her bag seems to go off in her head. We wake up at once and the security guard asks the whole neighbourhood to hide nearby. A loud scream is heard and people report the danger to the radio for a long interview. The huge water may possibly arrive soon and, thankfully, her clear knowledge makes the young girl a real hero. A brave guard helps the old man to a safe place. Since that day we learn about many disasters in the southwestern part of the country. An earthquake can beat the roof of a house and a typhoon brings a wildfire to the dry land. A snowstorm and a heavy rainstorm often come with loud thunder in the cold north. The flood and the floodwater rise fast after a long drought in summer. A tornado may hit a small town and a landslide blocks the only road. The worst trouble is that the power goes out and a truck with supply cannot move. People are out of breath and, as a result, they refuse to leave their relative. We must safeguard the weak and rescue them with great care. A firefighter and a volunteer come as soon as the alarm sounds after the quake. They make preparations and check each house with great care and security. The heatwave is terribly hot and the usual day is not the same. All of a sudden the heartbeat of a child is heard and we nearly lose hope. We review the whole event and warn the town to stay calm. The preparation by the team saves many lives at last. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 我们是一名学生(schoolgirl)和她的家人在炎热海滩，这时大海开始泛起泡沫(froth)，一道高高的波浪(wave)逼近岸边。她警告(warn of)一场突如其来的(sudden)海啸(tsunami)，她包里的小闹钟(alarm clock)仿佛在脑中突然响起(go off)。我们立刻醒来(wake up)，保安(security guard)请整个街区(neighbourhood)在附近(nearby)躲藏(hide)。一声尖叫(scream)响起，人们向电台报告(report)危险并接受长篇采访(interview)。巨大的海水可能(possibly)很快到来，幸亏(thankfully)她清晰的知识(knowledge)让这个小女孩成为真正的英雄(hero)。一位勇敢的卫兵(guard)把老人送到安全处。 自那以后(since)我们了解了这个国家西南部(southwestern)的许多灾害。地震(earthquake)能击打(beat)房屋的屋顶(roof)，台风(typhoon)给干旱土地带来野火(wildfire)。暴风雪(snowstorm)和暴雨(rainstorm)常伴着响亮雷声(thunder)降临北方。洪水(flood)与洪水(floodwater)在夏日久旱(drought)后迅速上涨。龙卷风(tornado)可能袭击小镇，山体滑坡(landslide)阻断唯一道路。最糟的(worst)麻烦(trouble)是电力(power)中断，运载物资(supply)的卡车(truck)无法移动。人们上气不接下气(out of breath)，因此(as a result)他们拒绝(refuse)离开亲人(relative)。我们必须保护(safeguard)弱者并营救(rescue)他们。 消防队员(firefighter)和志愿者(volunteer)在警报(alarm)一响就立刻(as soon as)赶来。他们做准备工作(make preparations)并仔细查看每栋房屋与安全(security)。热浪(heatwave)热得可怕(terribly)，平常的(usual)一天不再一样。突然(all of a sudden)听到孩子的心跳(heartbeat)，我们几乎(nearly)失去希望。我们回顾(review)整件事并警告(warn)全镇保持冷静。团队的准备(preparation)拯救了许多生命。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 warn v.警告；提醒注意 warning n.警告；提醒 2 prepare v.准备；预备 preparation n.准备；prepared adj.准备好的 3 rescue v.营救；援救 rescuer n.营救者；救援者 4 safe adj.安全的 safety n.安全；safeguard v.保护 5 fire n.火；火灾 firefighter n.消防队员 6 volunteer v.自愿做；n.志愿者 voluntary adj.自愿的；volunteers n.志愿者（复） 7 sudden adj.突然的；骤然的 suddenly adv.突然地 8 terrible adj.糟糕的；非常的 terribly adv.非常糟糕地 9 rain n.雨；雨水 rainstorm n.暴风雨；rainy adj.多雨的 10 thunder n.雷；雷声 thunderstorm n.雷暴；thunder v.打雷 11 hero n.英雄；勇士 heroic adj.英雄的；heroes n.英雄（复） 12 know v.知道；了解 knowledge n.知识；known adj.已知的 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（20题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 7/12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（12个） 1. earthquake → __________ 2. tsunami → __________ 3. typhoon → __________ 4. flood → __________ 5. tornado → __________ 6. landslide → __________ 7. rescue → __________ 8. volunteer → __________ 9. firefighter → __________ 10. neighbourhood → __________ 11. safeguard → __________ 12. knowledge → __________ 子题B：中译英（8个） 1. 海啸 → __________ 2. 洪水 → __________ 3. 营救 → __________ 4. 志愿者 → __________ 5. 消防队员 → __________ 6. 保护 → __________ 7. 知识 → __________ 8. 警报 → __________ 【答案与解析】 子题A（英译中）： 1. earthquake — 地震 2. tsunami — 海啸 3. typhoon — 台风 4. flood — 洪水；淹没 5. tornado — 龙卷风 6. landslide — 滑坡；塌方 7. rescue — 营救；救援 8. volunteer — 志愿者 9. firefighter — 消防队员 10. neighbourhood — 街区；邻近的地方 11. safeguard — 保护；捍卫 12. knowledge — 知识；学问 子题B（中译英）： 1. tsunami 2. flood 3. rescue 4. volunteer 5. firefighter 6. safeguard 7. knowledge 8. alarm 题型2：词形变换（8题） 1. The ________ (warn) on the radio tells people to leave the town at once. 答案：warning 解析：句意： 电台里的警告告诉人们立刻离开小镇。；warn 的名词 warning 表示“警告；提醒”（动词→名词）。 2. After the full ________ (prepare), the team is ready to help the victims. 答案：preparation 解析：句意： 在充分的准备之后，团队准备好救助灾民。；prepare 的名词 preparation 表示“准备；预备”（动词→名词）。 3. A brave ________ (rescue) saves the small child from the cold river. 答案：rescuer 解析：句意： 勇敢的救援者把小孩从冰冷的河里救出。；rescue 的名词 rescuer 表示“营救者；救援者”（动词→名词）。 4. The ________ (safe) of the old people is our first task in the storm. 答案：safety 解析：句意： 老人的安全是我们风暴中的首要任务。；safe 的名词 safety 表示“安全”（形容词→名词）。 5. These ________ (volunteer) give food and water to the neighbours every day. 答案：volunteers 解析：句意： 这些志愿者每天给邻居送去食物和水。；volunteer 的复数 volunteers 表示“志愿者”（名词复数）。 6. The heavy rain came ________ (sudden) and the street was empty at once. 答案：suddenly 解析：句意： 大雨突然降临，街道立刻空无一人。；sudden 的副词 suddenly 表示“突然地”（形容词→副词）。 7. The fire was ________ (terrible) strong and broke the roof of the house. 答案：terribly 解析：句意： 火势非常猛烈，掀翻了房屋的屋顶。；terrible 的副词 terribly 表示“非常糟糕地”（形容词→副词）。 8. His clear ________ (know) of the sea helped him warn of the wave. 答案：knowledge 解析：句意： 他对海洋的清晰认知帮他警告了海浪的危险。；know 的名词 knowledge 表示“知识；认知”（动词→名词）。 题型3：短语填空（6题） 从方框中选择短语，用正确形式填空： warn of make preparations as soon as go off wake up out of breath 1. The family makes full ____________ before the strong typhoon comes to the small village. 答案：make preparations 解析：句意： 一家人在强台风袭来前做足了准备。；make preparations 表示“做准备”。 2. We should leave the house ____________ the heavy rain finally stops today. 答案：as soon as 解析：句意： 今天大雨一停我们就该离开房屋。；as soon as 表示“一……就……”。 3. The radio will ____________ a dangerous tsunami that is coming soon. 答案：warn of 解析：句意： 电台将警告一场即将到来的危险海啸。；warn of 表示“警告；提醒注意”。 4. We must ____________ very early in order to leave the unsafe building. 答案：wake up 解析：句意： 为了离开不安全的建筑，我们必须很早醒来。；wake up 表示“醒来”。 5. The loud alarm will ____________ at six o'clock in the cold morning. 答案：go off 解析：句意： 响亮的警报将在寒冷的早晨六点突然响起。；go off 表示“（警报器等）突然发出巨响”。 6. After the long run, he was completely ____________ and needed a rest. 答案：out of breath 解析：句意： 长跑之后他上气不接下气，需要休息。；out of breath 表示“上气不接下气”。 题型4：完成句子（5题） （每小题设2个空格） 1. 地震后，勇敢的消防队员救了所有邻居。 After the strong ________, the brave ________ saved all of the neighbours quickly and safely. 答案：earthquake; firefighter 解析：句意： 地震后，勇敢的消防队员救了所有邻居。；earthquake 对应“地震”；firefighter 对应“消防队员”。 2. 善良的志愿者能保护弱者免受大洪水之害。 The kind ________ can ________ the weak people from the big flood at once. 答案：volunteer; safeguard 解析：句意： 善良的志愿者能保护弱者免受大洪水之害。；volunteer 对应“志愿者”；safeguard 对应“保护”。 3. 我们一听到响亮的警报就醒来。 We ________ ________ as soon as the loud alarm sounds in the morning near the sea. 答案：wake; up 解析：句意： 我们一听到响亮的警报就醒来。；wake up 对应“醒来”。 4. 强龙卷风给小镇造成了最糟的麻烦。 The strong ________ caused the ________ trouble in the small town yesterday afternoon. 答案：tornado; worst 解析：句意： 强龙卷风给小镇造成了最糟的麻烦。；tornado 对应“龙卷风”；worst 对应“最糟的”。 5. 她清晰的知识帮我们为即将到来的风暴做好准备。 Her clear ________ helps us make good ________ for the coming storm every year. 答案：knowledge; preparations 解析：句意： 她清晰的知识帮我们为即将到来的风暴做好准备。；knowledge 对应“知识”；preparations 对应“准备”。 题型5：句型同义转换（5题） 1. The rain stopped in a sudden way and the warm sun came out at last. The rain stopped ________ and the warm sun came out at last. 答案： suddenly 解析：句意： 雨突然停了，温暖的太阳终于出来。；in a sudden way 与 suddenly 同义，均表示“突然地”。 2. The cold wind blew in a terrible way during the long night. The cold wind blew ________ during the long and quiet winter night near the sea. 答案： terribly 解析：句意： 寒风在长夜里刮得十分猛烈。；in a terrible way 与 terribly 同义，均表示“非常糟糕地”。 3. He was near to giving up when the help finally arrived. He ________ gave up when the help from his friends finally arrived. 答案： nearly 解析：句意： 援助终于到来时，他差一点就放弃了。；near to 与 nearly 同义，均表示“几乎；差一点”。 4. It is in a possible way that the big storm returns to the town. It may ________ return to the town and hurt the roofs. 答案： possibly 解析：句意： 大风暴可能会回到小镇并破坏屋顶。；in a possible way 与 possibly 同义，均表示“可能；或许”。 5. We felt in a thankful way when the rescue team came at night. We felt ________ when the brave rescue team came to us at night. 答案： thankfully 解析：句意： 救援队夜里到来时，我们满怀感激。；in a thankful way 与 thankfully 同义，均表示“幸亏；感激地”。 题型6：单句语法填空（8题） 1. The loud alarm ________ (go) off at six in the morning near the quiet sea. 答案：went 解析：句意： 响亮的警报早晨六点在安静的海边响起。；go 的过去式 went 表示“去；发出（声响）”（一般过去时）。 2. The small town ________ (hit) by a strong earthquake last night in the hills. 答案：was hit 解析：句意： 昨晚小城在山里遭到强震袭击。；hit 的被动语态 was hit 表示“被击中”（被动语态）。 3. Many people ________ (help) the victims with food and clean water every day. 答案：helped 解析：句意： 许多人每天用食物和干净的水帮助灾民。；help 的过去式 helped 表示“帮助”（一般过去时）。 4. A brave firefighter ________ (come) into the house to save the small child. 答案：came 解析：句意： 勇敢的消防队员走进房屋去救小孩。；come 的过去式 came 表示“来；过来”（一般过去时）。 5. The water ________ (rise) quickly after the heavy rain in the valley. 答案：rose 解析：句意： 山谷里大雨过后水位迅速上涨。；rise 的过去式 rose 表示“上升；上涨”（一般过去时）。 6. They wanted ________ (save) the old man from the cold and deep water. 答案：to save 解析：句意： 他们想从冰冷深水中救出那位老人。；save 的非谓语 to save 表示“拯救”（非谓语动词）。 7. The rain was ________ (heavy) than before and caused a bad flood. 答案：heavier 解析：句意： 雨比之前更大，引发了严重的洪水。；heavy 的比较级 heavier 表示“更大的”（形容词比较级）。 8. We ________ (thank) the heroes who saved our town from the fire. 答案：thanked 解析：句意： 我们感谢那些把小镇从火中救出的英雄。；thank 的过去式 thanked 表示“感谢”（一般过去时）。 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） A schoolgirl on holiday sees the sea froth and a small wave near the beach. She does warn the people of a coming tsunami and the alarm in her bag seems to go off. She does report the danger to the radio for a long interview at once. The neighbourhood begins to hide nearby and a loud scream is heard by all the people. A brave guard helps the old man to a safe place before the water rises high. The firefighter and the volunteer come as soon as they can to the small town. They make preparations and check each house with care and security. The earthquake brings a flood and the floodwater rises fast after the heavy rain. A snowstorm and a heavy rainstorm often come with loud thunder in the cold north. The drought in summer makes the wildfire spread to the dry land far away. A tornado may hit a small town and a landslide blocks the only road. People are out of breath and refuse to leave their relative in the house. We rescue the weak and safeguard them with great care at once. The worst trouble is that the power goes out and a truck with supply cannot move. The usual day is not the same after the big quake in the hills. Thankfully, the knowledge of the girl makes her a hero and many lives are saved. We review the whole event and learn how to stay calm in a disaster. 1. What did the schoolgirl see near the beach? A. The sea froth and a small wave. B. A tall building. C. A big city. D. A long road. 2. Who comes to help the town as soon as they can? A. A teacher. B. The firefighter and the volunteer. C. A doctor. D. A farmer. 3. What does the underlined word "tsunami" most probably mean? A. 地震 B. 海啸 C. 台风 D. 洪水 4. What happens to the truck with supply in the passage? A. It moves fast. B. It goes to the park. C. It reaches the school. D. It cannot move. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. To teach math. B. To describe a movie. C. To tell a story of disaster and rescue. D. To cook food. 【答案与解析】 1. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。答案 A。原文第一段写道：“A schoolgirl on holiday sees the sea froth and a small wave near the beach”，可知女孩在海边看到海水泛泡和一道小浪，对应 A 项。 2. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。答案 B。原文第二段写道：“The firefighter and the volunteer come as soon as they can to the small town”，可知消防队员和志愿者尽快赶来，对应 B 项。 3. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。答案 B。结合语境“a coming tsunami”以及海边的场景可推知 tsunami 意为“海啸”，与 B 项相符。 4. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。答案 D。原文第三段写道：“a truck with supply cannot move”，可知满载物资的卡车无法移动，对应 D 项。 5. 答案：C 解析：主旨大意题。答案 C。全文围绕灾害与救援的故事展开，对应 C 项。 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：Natural Disasters） 类别 词汇 同义词 / 近义 相关词 / 话题 行为动词 描述词 答案： 同义词 / 近义 ⇥ flood – floodwater；rainstorm – storm；tsunami – tidal wave；wildfire – bushfire 相关词 / 话题 ⇥ earthquake, typhoon, tornado, landslide, drought, heatwave, thunder, snowstorm, rainstorm, flood 行为动词 ⇥ warn, report, hide, rescue, safeguard, refuse, scream, beat, review, go off, wake up, make preparations 描述词 ⇥ sudden, terrible, terribly, worst, usual, nearby, thankful, out of breath B. 易混词辨析（3组，每组2小题） 第1组：terrible（adj. 糟糕的；非常的）/ terribly（adv. 非常糟糕地） (1) The ________ storm broke the old roof of the small house. (2) The fire burned ________ and destroyed the wooden bridge at night. 答案：(1) terrible 解析：(1) 句意：糟糕的风暴掀翻了小屋的旧屋顶；terrible 作形容词，表示“糟糕的；非常的”。 答案：(2) terribly 解析：(2) 句意：火势猛烈地燃烧，夜里毁掉了木桥；terribly 作副词，表示“非常糟糕地”。 第2组：warn（v. 警告；提醒）/ warn of（警告……；提醒注意……） (1) The teacher will ________ the students about the coming exam at school. (2) The radio will ________ a dangerous tsunami that may arrive soon. 答案：(1) warn 解析：(1) 句意：老师会在学校警告学生即将到来的考试；warn 作动词，表示“警告；提醒”。 答案：(2) warn of 解析：(2) 句意：电台将警告一场可能很快到来的危险海啸；warn of 表示“警告……；提醒注意……”。 第3组：flood（n./v. 洪水；淹没）/ floodwater（n. 洪水） (1) The ________ covered the street after the heavy rain last night. (2) The rising ________ washed away the small wooden bridge in the valley. 答案：(1) flood 解析：(1) 句意：昨夜大雨后洪水淹没了街道；flood 作名词，表示“洪水；水灾”。 答案：(2) floodwater 解析：(2) 句意：上涨的洪水冲走了山谷里的小木桥；floodwater 作名词，表示“洪水”。 C. 跨单元微循环（8题，复习上一单元词汇：八年级下册 Unit 4 Natural Wonders） We ________ (想知道) the height of the great waterfall in the north. 答案： wonder 解析：句意： 我们想知道北方大瀑布的高度；wonder 意为“想知道；感到诧异”。 He will ________ (潜水) into the cold water to see the small fish below. 答案： dive 解析：句意： 他会潜入冷水去看下面的小鱼；dive 意为“潜水；跳水”。 Few animals can ________ (幸存) in the hot desert for many long days. 答案： survive 解析：句意： 很少动物能在炎热沙漠里幸存许多天；survive 意为“幸存；存活”。 The ________ (探险者) is determined to locate the cave on the southern coast. 答案： explorer 解析：句意： 探险者决心定位南方海岸的洞穴；explorer 意为“探险者；勘探者”。 The bright ________ (礁) and the coral attract many small fish to the shore. 答案： reef 解析：句意： 明亮的礁和珊瑚把许多小鱼吸引到岸边；reef 意为“礁；礁脉”。 We ________ (测量) the depth of the river to learn about the land. 答案： measure 解析：句意： 我们测量河的深度以了解地形；measure 意为“测量；量度”。 The strange structure can ________ (吸引) a curious traveller to the beach. 答案： attract 解析：句意： 奇特的地形能吸引好奇的旅行者到海滩；attract 意为“吸引；引起”。 The ________ (好奇的) child likes to watch the alive turtle by the blue sea. 答案： curious 解析：句意： 好奇的孩子喜欢在蓝海边看活着的海龟；curious 意为“好奇的”。 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 5 Nature's Temper，共82词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 temper n. 脾气；怒气 2 earthquake n. 地震 3 typhoon n. 台风 4 wildfire n. 野火 5 snowstorm n. 雪暴；暴风雪 6 flood n. 水灾；洪水；v. 泛滥；淹没 7 drought n. 久旱；旱灾 8 warn v. 警告；提醒注意 9 warn of — 警告；提醒注意 10 do chores — 做家务 11 wave n. 波浪；波；挥手；v. 挥手；挥舞 12 tsunami n. 海啸 13 interview n. 采访；面试；v. 采访；对（某人）进行面试 14 possibly adv. 可能；或许 15 report n. & v. 汇报；报道 16 neighbourhood n. 街区；邻近的地方 17 roof n. 屋顶；顶部 18 nearly adv. 几乎；差不多；将近 19 trouble n. 苦恼；困难；v. 使忧虑、苦恼；劳烦；麻烦 20 relative n. 亲戚；亲属 21 truck n. 卡车 22 supply n. 供应（量）；（pl. supplies）补给（品）；v. 供应；供给 23 preparation n. 准备（工作）；预备 24 make preparations — 做准备；做准备工作 25 power n. 电力供应；能量；力量 26 soundly adv. （睡觉）酣畅地；完全彻底地 27 thick adj. 厚的；浓密的 28 beat v. （beat, beaten /ˈbi:tn/）敲；打 29 hide v. （hid /hɪd/, hidden /ˈhɪdn/）躲藏；隐藏 30 tornado n. 龙卷风；旋风 31 worst adj. & adv. 最坏的（地）；最糟的（地） 32 schoolgirl n. （学校的）女生 33 froth n. 泡；泡沫 34 refuse v. 拒绝；回绝 35 security n. 安全；保安；保密 36 guard n. 卫兵；保卫；v. 保卫 37 security guard — 保安人员 38 nearby adj. 附近的 39 nearby adv. 在附近 40 scream v. & n. 尖叫 41 thankfully adv. 幸亏；感激地 42 knowledge n. 知识；学问 43 thinking n. 思考；想法 44 except for — 除……之外 45 as soon as — 一……就…… 46 hero n. （pl. heroes）英雄；勇士；偶像 47 landslide n. （山坡或悬崖的）滑坡；塌方 48 safeguard v. 保护；捍卫 49 safeguard n. 安全设备 50 floodwater n. 洪水 51 manpower n. 劳动力；人力 52 heartbeat n. 心跳（声） 53 rescue n. 救援；v. 援救；营救 54 heatwave n. 热浪 55 since prep., adv. & conj. 自……以后；从……以来；既然；由于 56 southwestern adj. 西南的；西南方向的 57 firefighter n. 消防队员 58 volunteer n. 志愿者 59 volunteer v. 自愿做；义务做 60 terribly adv. 非常糟糕地；非常 61 alarm n. 警报（器）；惊恐 62 alarm clock — 闹钟 63 wake up — 醒来 64 go off — （警报器等）突然发出巨响 65 review v. 复习；回顾；复查 66 review n. 回顾；审查 67 sudden adj. 突然的；骤然的 68 all of a sudden — 突然；猛地 69 thunder n. 雷；雷声 70 thunder v. 打雷；发出雷鸣般响声 71 by the time — 到……的时候 72 usual adj. 通常的；平常的 73 out of breath — 上气不接下气 74 rainstorm n. 暴风雨 75 as a result — 因此 76 unlucky adj. 不幸的；不顺利的；不吉利的 77 rainy adj. 阴雨的；多雨的 78 go wrong — 出问题；发生故障；出错 79 Tilly — 蒂莉 80 Phuket — 普吉岛 81 Indonesia — 印度尼西亚 82 Japan — 日本 第六部分：单元“顽固词库” 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $