Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage(Word教参)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语非谓语动词核心知识点，系统梳理动词不定式、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式的时态语态变化，以及它们在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语的功能。通过“探究发现”引导学生分析短文实例，再分模块详解用法并搭配即时演练，构建从感知到应用的完整学习支架。 该资料以“语法+语用”融合为特色，通过“写作词汇集释”“重点句型解构”将非谓语动词与写作表达结合，提升学生语言能力。分层设计的“基础练”“能力练”及阅读理解、完形填空等题型，助力学生在练习中培养分析推断的思维品质，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生自主巩固查漏补缺。

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 非谓语动词综述 阅读下面短文，感知加蓝部分，并分析其所作成分。 　　①Drawing inspiration from nature is a tradition that goes back centuries．Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou．The main principle of its design is ② recreating/to recreate natural landscapes in miniature．First ③established in the Ming Dynasty，the original garden ④containing a rockery to symbolize Tiantai Mountain became famous overnight．Pine and bamboo groves were added later， along with a pond and an island．Visitors would be ⑤astonished to find the garden ⑥modeled closely on natural features．Visitors are also supposed ⑦to explore it scene－by－scene．This could vary from a view of a pond and the splashing of fish，to a tree in blossom，a pagoda or a moon－shaped gate． 【我的发现】 以上蓝体部分都是动词的非谓语形式，非谓语有三种形式：动词－ing形式、动词－ed形式和动词不定式；非谓语可以在句中充当主语 （如①），表语 （如②和⑤），宾语 （如⑦），定语 （如④），状语（如③），宾语补足语（如⑥）等。 　　非谓语动词是指在句中不能单独构成谓语，而是起其他语法功能的动词。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动词－ing形式和动词－ed形式。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有语态和时态的变化。非谓语动词的时态、语态形式如下： 类别 时态 形式 语态形式 主动 被动 动词不定式　 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 动词－ing形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 动词－ed形式 一般式 done 　　非谓语动词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表： 形式 功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词－ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词－ed形式 √ √ √ √ 一、非谓语动词作主语：动词不定式与动词－ing形式 1.动词不定式和动词－ing形式都可以在句中作主语。动词不定式作主语时常常用形式主语it代替，动词不定式置于句末。 Being misunderstood by my teacher made me depressed． 被我的老师误解使我沮丧。 To detect the implied dimension of a poem is important． =It is important to detect the implied dimension of a poem． 发掘一首诗隐含的方面是很重要的。 2.动词－ing形式作主语时，有时也用形式主语it代替，动词－ing形式置于句末。 It is no use reading without grasping the meaning． 只读而不懂意思是没有用的。 It’s worth making an effort to achieve your dreams． 为实现梦想付出努力是值得的。 【即时演练 1】　用所给单词的适当形式填空 ①To master （master） a new language takes time and effort． ②Reading （read） aloud in the morning improves your language sense． ③It is difficult to see （see） how more savings can be made． ④It is no good pretending （pretend） to know what you do not know． 二、非谓语动词作宾语：动词不定式与动词－ing形式 1.在afford， agree， arrange， choose， claim， desire， expect， fail， hope， intend， offer， pretend， promise， refuse， wish等动词后，常接动词不定式作宾语。 To my great disappointment，he refused to accept my invitation． 令我大失所望的是，他拒绝了我的邀请。 I didn’t expect to see you here． 我没有料到在这儿见到你。 Tom promised to go with me． 汤姆承诺和我一块去。 2.在advise， admit， avoid， consider， deny， enjoy， finish， practise， suggest， resist等动词以及burst out， give up， insist on， keep on， put off等短语后，常接动词－ing 形式作宾语。 He couldn’t resist showing off his new car． 他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。 I considered going to see him in person． 我打算亲自去看他。 I insist on paying for the doll for the girl． 我坚持为这个女孩支付玩具娃娃的钱。 3.在like， love， begin， start等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词－ing形式作宾语，但二者区别不大，常可以交换使用。 I like to go climbing when I’m available． =I like going climbing when I’m available． 我有空的时候喜欢去爬山。 It started raining when I got home． =It started to rain when I got home． 我到家的时候开始下雨了。 4.在remember， forget， regret， try， mean等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词－ing形式作宾语，但二者意义不同。 How I regretted arguing with her about the important question， which made us both unhappy． 我多么后悔和她争论那个重要的问题，那使我们俩都不高兴。 I regret to tell you that I can’t travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time． 我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你一起去北京了。 【即时演练 2】　用所给单词的适当形式填空 ①（2026•南京师大附中期中）So they started a study to investigate how to improve （improve） mental health in this time of rapid digitalization． ②（2026•江苏高邮期中）Beyond the art world， the program also aims to enhance （enhance） tourism by inviting visitors to experience the province’s rich cultural heritage， beautiful coastlines and famous food traditions． ③We think it necessary to protect （protect） the environment． ④Betty has no choice but to do （do） as you tell her． ⑤Remember to lock （lock） the door when you leave． ⑥To be honest， I can’t afford to lose （lose） my chance to go to university． ⑦There is no doubt that I have little difficulty communicating （communicate） with foreigners． 三、非谓语动词作表语：动词不定式、动词－ing形式与动词－ed形式 1.动词不定式可以在句中作表语，说明主语所指的内容，动词不定式可以带逻辑主语。动词不定式作表语，有的情况下to可以省略。 Her ambition is to travel around the world and experience different cultures． 她的志向是环游世界，体验不同文化。 All I did was （to） give him a little push． 我所做的这一切是为了给他一些动力。 2.动词－ing形式和动词－ed形式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语的特征或者状态，动词－ing形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。 Her part－time job is teaching yoga in a school． 她的兼职工作是在一所学校教瑜伽。 His speech at the meeting was inspiring． 他在会议上的演讲很鼓舞人心。 He is very concerned with the matter． 他很关心这件事。 【即时演练 3】　完成句子 ①My job this evening is to look after the baby for her． 我今晚的工作是替她照看婴儿。 ②I was disappointed when I heard the bad news． 当我听到这个坏消息时，我很失望。 ③Running a marathon is exhausting， but it’s also rewarding． 跑马拉松让人精疲力竭，但也很有意义。 四、非谓语动词作定语：动词不定式、动词－ing形式与动词－ed 形式 1.动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事，动词－ing形式作定语常表示正在发生的事，动词－ed形式作定语常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。 I have something unusual to do before going back． 回去之前我有些不寻常的事要做。 Jack cleared the fallen leaves on the ground before class．上课前杰克清理了地上的落叶。 His first book published last month is based on a true story．他上个月出版的第一本书是根据一个真实故事改编的。 The student majoring in law made a comment on the matter． 这名法学专业的学生对此事发表了评论。 2.动词不定式和动词－ing形式作定语时可以有被动形式。 The building to be built in the square will be a new library． 将要在广场建的这座大楼将是一个新图书馆。 Do you see the house being built over there？ 你看到那边正在建造的房子了吗？ 【即时演练 4】　用所给单词的适当形式填空 ①（2024•新课标Ⅰ卷） The latest engineering （engineer） techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful． ②（2024•新课标Ⅱ卷） Two years later， a six－meter－tall pavilion， inspired （inspire） by The Peony Pavilion， was built at the Firs Garden， just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace． ③The rising （rise） sun looked very beautiful and the old artist drew a lot． ④To her delight， the lost （lose） gold watch was finally found in her old house． 五、非谓语动词作状语：动词不定式、动词－ing形式与动词－ed 形式 1.动词不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语可以表示目的或者出乎意料的结果，表示结果时不定式前常加only。 To dig up more clues， he collected and studied a lot of information．为了挖掘更多的线索，他搜集并研究了大量的信息。 He hurried to the train station， only to find the train had left． 他匆忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。 注意：动词－ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。 Many highways have been built in China， making it easier for people to travel from one place to another． 中国修建了许多高速公路，使得人们从一个地方到另一个地方旅行更加便利。 2.动词－ing形式具有主动意义，动词－ed形式具有被动意义。 The children ran out of the classroom， laughing and talking．孩子们笑着、说着跑出了教室。 Given more time， I could have done it better． 如果给我更多时间，我本可以做得更好。 3.动词－ing形式作状语可用完成式。 Having finished his homework， Tom went out to play． 完成了他的家庭作业，汤姆出去玩了。 【即时演练 5】　单句语法填空/句型转换 ①（2025•北京卷）When traveling （travel）， we engage with cultures and experiences． ②（2024•新课标Ⅱ卷） Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility， said Edmondson， adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find （find） the connection between the two great writers． ③Once published （publish）， the book became a best－seller． ④（2026•江苏高邮高二期中）Having experienced （experience） the hard times that artists face， Qi was known for sharing what he knew with younger artists who came to him for guidance． ⑤Because I do not know what to do next， I want to ask for your advice． →Not knowing what to do next， I want to ask for your advice． 六、非谓语动词作补语：动词不定式、动词－ing形式与动词－ed形式 1.在ask， expect， forbid， force， order， permit， request， warn等动词后，常接“名词/代词＋动词不定式”结构，动词不定式作补语。 We can always expect him to help us whenever we are in trouble． 每当我们遇到困难的时候，我们总是可以指望他帮助我们。 My mother asks me to clean my room every weekend． 妈妈要求我每个周末打扫房间。 2.在see， hear， notice， watch， feel等动词后，可以接不带to的动词不定式作补语，表示动作的整个过程；这些动词也可以接动词－ing形式作补语，表示动作正在进行。 I saw him cross the street and enter a shop． 我看到他穿过马路然后进了一家商店。 I saw him crossing the street． 我看到他正在过马路。 3.动词－ed形式作补语常表示被动意义。 She heard her name called several times． 她听到有人叫了她的名字好几次。 We must get our work finished by 10 o’clock． 我们必须在10点前完成工作。 【即时演练 6】　完成句子 ①I sincerely invite you to participate in the activity held by our school． 我真诚地邀请你参加我们学校举办的这次活动。 ②When I entered the room， I found the window broken． 我走进房间时，发现窗户破了。 ③The funny story kept us laughing for a long time． 这个有趣的故事让我们笑了很久。 写作词汇集释 1.break with sth 与某事终止关联，破除 教材原句　The aim of the Romantics was to break with the ideals of the 18th century ．．． 浪漫主义者的目的是与18世纪的理想决裂…… 【用法】 break out爆发；突然发生 break in　　打断；强行进入；破门而入 break into　　强行闯入；突然……起来 break down　　分解；出故障 break up　　终止；分手；中止 break off　　折断；断绝；中断；突然停止 break through　　突破；突围；冲破；取得突破性成就 【佳句】　The young artist broke with the established art style and created something completely new． 这位年轻艺术家打破了既定的艺术风格，创造出全新的作品。 【练透】　用break的相关短语填空 ①They decided to break up their partnership due to financial disagreements． ②My car broke down on the way to work， so I was late． ③When the fire broke out in the building， people panicked and ran towards the exits． ④The athlete broke with his coach due to a disagreement over training methods． 【写美】　翻译句子 ⑤听到这个悲伤的消息，她突然哭了起来。　（情感描写） She broke into tears when she heard the sad news． 2.advocate vt．拥护，支持，提倡 n．拥护者，支持者；辩护律师 教材原句　Instead， they advocated going back to nature． 相反，他们提倡回归自然。 【用法】 （1）advocate （doing） sth 提倡/拥护/支持（做）某事 advocate that ．．．=It is advocated that ．．． 　　主张……［从句谓语动词用“（should＋）动词原形”］ （2）an advocate for/of　　……的支持者/拥护者 【佳句】　We advocated that everyone in our school （should） donate some money to the earthquake－stricken area． 我们提倡学校里的每个人都（应该）向地震灾区捐一些钱。 The doctor is a passionate advocate of natural childbirth． 这个医生竭力主张自然分娩。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Many nutritionists advocate eating （eat） a balanced diet rich in fruits， vegetables， and whole grains． ②The teacher advocates that students （should） take （take） an active part in class discussions． ③It is advocated （advocate） that people （should） use public transportation more often to ease traffic congestion． 【写美】　一句多译 ④为了保护环境，我们提倡循环利用纸张和塑料。 →In order to protect our environment， we advocate recycling paper and plastics．（advocate doing） →In order to protect our environment， we advocate that paper and plastics （should） be recycled．（advocate that ．．．） 重点句型解构 ◇ 句型公式：It was a time when ．．．引导定语从句 教材原句　It was a time when many painters， musicians， novelists and poets looked at the world in new and different ways． 那是一个很多画家、音乐家、小说家和诗人用一种崭新的并且完全不同的方式看待这个世界的时代。 【用法】 There was a time when ．．． 曾经一度；以前有那么一段时间 It/This/That is the first/second/．．．/last time that ．．．have done ．．．　　这是第一/二/……/最后一次…… It is （high） time that sb did/should do sth该某人做某事的时候了 【品悟】　It was a time when people relied heavily on manual labor for daily survival． 那是一个人们严重依赖体力劳动维持日常生计的时代。 【写美】　完成句子 ①There was a time when I was so addicted to video games that I neglected my studies． 曾经有一段时间，我对电子游戏如此上瘾，以至于忽略了我的学业。 ②It is high time that we went/should go to the classroom． 我们该去教室了。 ③This/It/That is the first time that I have ever visited such a magnificent ancient castle． 这是我第一次参观如此宏伟的古代城堡。 􀳁维度一：基础题型练 用非谓语动词改写下列句子。 1.Having bought （buy） all the things he needed， he went back home． 2.Jenny told me she enjoyed reading （read） novels in her free time． 3.Walking （walk） in the fields on a March afternoon made him feel the warmth of spring． 4.The little girl walked into the room slowly， singing （sing） a happy song． 5.The broken （break） window needs to be repaired immediately． 6.Seen （see） from the top of the hill， the village looks like a beautiful painting． 7.To master （master） a foreign language requires a lot of time and effort． 8.Her parents expect her to become （become） a doctor as she grows up． 9.He hurried to the airport， only to be told （tell） the plane had taken off． 10.John received an invitation to dinner， and with his work finished （finish）， he gladly accepted it． 􀳁维度二：语法与写作 用非谓语动词完成下列句子。 1.It is our duty to analyse the problem and see what went wrong． 我们有责任分析问题，看看哪里出了差错。 2.She avoids eating junk food to stay healthy． 为了保持健康她不吃垃圾食品。 3.I was disappointed at the film I saw last night．I had expected it to be better． 我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原本期待它会更好看。 4.Not having received a reply， he determined to write another． 没有收到回信，他决定再写一封。 5.I really appreciate having been given an opportunity to go abroad for further study two years ago． 我非常感激两年前获得了一次出国深造的机会。 Ⅰ．阅读理解 􀳁A 　　Imagine you’re walking through a forest， and the path turns into two different routes．How do you pick which route to walk， and how do you feel about the one you don’t choose？ These are key themes in Robert Frost’s famous 1915 poem， The Road Not Taken． 　　Frost was born in San Francisco in 1874， and is remembered as one of the greatest American poets．His poems explore things like morality and self－discovery， as well as nature and rural life．However， The Road Not Taken was actually written as a joke about another poet， Edward Thomas．Frost lived for a period in England， where he became friends with Thomas．The two would take long walks in the countryside together， and Thomas often had trouble choosing which way to go． 　　When Frost read the poem to a group of college students， they took it seriously， unaware of its playful origins．Of course， Frost did say to them， “I’m never more serious than when joking．” 　　The poet’s choices can act as an extended metaphor （隐喻） for the choices we all have to make in life．In the poem， the poet talks about regretting that they can’t take both paths — just as choosing one path in life often means other options become impossible．In the end， the poet chooses the road that looks “less traveled by”， which many readers take as making the poem contain more about individualism too — doing things your own way， not as everyone else does． 　　The poem became more serious thanks to World War Ⅰ．Frost left England to avoid the war， but Thomas couldn’t decide whether to stay and fight or to follow Frost to America．In 1915， Frost sent the poem to Thomas．And while it wasn’t the only reason Thomas finally decided to fight in the war， he felt it was making fun of his indecision． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Robert Frost 创作的《未选择的路》这首诗及其背后的故事。 1.What inspired Frost to write the poem The Road Not Taken？（　　） A．The countryside life． B．One of his friends． C．His difficulty in making choices． D．His eagerness for self－discovery． 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后三句可知，Frost 最初创作这首诗是受到一个朋友的启发。 􀳁2.What did Frost’s words “I’m never more serious than when joking” in paragraph 3 suggest？（　　） A．The poem contained some hidden meanings． B．The poem was not meant to be taken seriously． C．He did not regard his own writing as important． D．He put lots of efforts into the creation of the poem． 解析：A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知，这首诗并不仅仅是为了取笑朋友而作，相反，它蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。 􀳁3.How do many readers interpret the poet’s choice of the road？（　　） A．A way of displaying individualism． B．A representation of life’s unavoidable challenges． C．A piece of advice about following others’ choices． D．An expression of regret for not taking the other path． 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，许多读者认为诗人对道路的选择是一种个人主义的表达。 􀳁4.What lesson can be learned from the story behind The Road Not Taken？（　　） A．Humor has no place in the serious works of literature． B．It is important to think over something said by poets． C．Even good friends can finally take separate paths． D．Even the most playful creation can become something significant． 解析：D　推理判断题。文章主要介绍了《未选择的路》这首诗的创作背景及其深层内涵，以此告诉我们，即便最初只是随性打趣的创作，也可能成为意义深远的作品。 􀳁B 　　（2026•重庆八中月考）In late 2021， The Road of Tang Poetry， a book co－authored by Nobel Prize－winning French novelist Le Clézio and Professor Dong Qiang， was published by People’s Literature Publishing House in China．This book also represents a practice of cross－cultural dialogue． 　　Le Clézio regards the Tang Dynasty as the golden age of Chinese poetry．Due to their efforts， Le Clézio and Dong simplified complex issues and broke time and space limitations to examine five outstanding poets from the Tang era． 　　Nature， women， and wine are themes of common concern to Chinese and foreign poets alike．Influenced by European poetic traditions， Le Clézio was amazed the first time he read Li Bai’s Sitting Alone in Face of Peak Jingting．The peace and harmony when the man is alone with nature， as conveyed in the poem， deeply impressed Le Clézio， who loves nature deeply．The poem even inspired him to look for his own “Mountain Jingting”， where he could sit facing its peak like Li Bai and lose himself in nature．In addition to Li Bai， other Tang poets， such as Du Fu， Bai Juyi， and Zhang Ruoxu， also highly praised nature through poetry．Like them， foreign poets like British and German Romantic poets sang nature’s praises． 　　When trying to understand Chinese poetry， Westerners must have“windows” through which to read．For example， due to insufficient knowledge of Chinese language and culture， French poet Judith Gautier relied heavily on her Chinese teacher Ding Dunling to explain the Chinese texts when she was translating classical Chinese poetry． 　　The path of spreading Tang poetry through joint efforts made by Chinese and French scholars should be an energetic， inclusive stream of poetry that welcomes mutual learning， as a saying suggests， “Poetry is a stream that continually flows．” 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过《唐诗之路》的出版探讨了唐诗在跨文化交流方面的意义。 5.What can we learn about The Road of Tang Poetry？（　　） A．It was published only in France． B．It was written by Le Clézio． C．It won a worldwide prize in 2021. D．It studied five poets in the Tang Dynasty． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，这本书研究了五位杰出的唐代诗人。 􀳁6.Which aspect of Li Bai’s poem impressed Le Clézio most？（　　） A．The outstanding skill of the poet． B．The beautiful description of nature． C．The man’s peace while staying in nature． D．The action of the man sitting facing the peak． 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，李白的诗中所表达的人与自然独处时的平和与和谐深深打动了Le Clézio。 􀳁7.What does the underlined word“windows” in paragraph 4 refer to？（　　） A．Application of some modern tools． B．Translation of Chinese original texts． C．Knowledge about German Romantic poets． D．A good command of Chinese language and culture． 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据画线词下一句的举例可知，画线词指的正是对中国语言和文化的了解，西方人必须借助它来理解中国诗歌。 􀳁8.Where can you read the text probably？（　　） A．In a tourist brochure． B．In a newspaper． C．In an advertisement． D．In a short story． 解析：B　文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过《唐诗之路》的出版探讨了唐诗在跨文化交流中的意义，最有可能出现在报纸上。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五 􀳁　　（2026•深圳月考）Poetry has healing powers．To get more joy and peace， we don’t have to be a professional poet but we can develop a poetic mindset （心态）．9.　　 　　Be in awe （敬畏） of everything． 　　The poetic mindset starts with the idea that nothing is an accident．Everything is interrelated （相互关联的） and plays a part in a greater whole．10.　　 Close your eyes．Now open them．What is the first thing you see？ Look closer．Ask yourself： What does it look like？ What does it remind you of？ Does it bring happy thoughts or sad ones？ Why？ I bet your randomly selected object is full of meaning． 　　11.　　 　　A poem is a place where you can pour out your hard feelings．Don’t be afraid．You can always throw the page into the fireplace once you’ve filled it．12.　　 Poetry can be a storeroom for everything difficult in your life．But there’s more．I find when I write about something I’m struggling with， my negative feeling begins to become weaker． 　　Seek what inspires you． 　　Life isn’t perfect， but you can live with love and trust anyway．13.　　 There is always goodness to be found once you train yourself to look for it．Poetry to me is a form of praise．I build poems from things I see， people I meet and thoughts and feelings found deep inside．As I present those treasures in poetic language， I am appreciating what is good in them． A．Let pain be your teacher． B．How can we manage it in an easy way？ C．What are the steps of writing a good poem？ D．Poetry helps us remember this important wisdom． E．Or seal it in an envelope and come back to it later． F．Writing a poem is about describing your inner world vividly． G．Therefore， everything deserves notice and even appreciation． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。诗歌具有治愈功能，尽管我们不能成为专业的诗人，但是我们可以培养诗意的心态。文章主要介绍了几种培养诗意心态的方法。 9.B　空前一句提出了要培养诗意的心态，下文介绍了三种方法。B项（我们应该怎样简单地做到这一点呢？）承上启下，符合语境。 10.G　空前一句说明所有事情都是相互联系的，都很有意义。G项（因此，每件事都值得关注甚至欣赏）与上文形成因果关系。 11.A　根据本段内容可知，本段主要介绍诗歌能帮助你处理生活中的负面情绪和难题，帮助你更加积极地面对人生。A项（让痛苦做你的老师）概括段意，适合作小标题。 12.E　空前两句提出了如何处理写下来的负面情绪。E项（或者把它封在信封里，以后再来看）提出另一种处理方法。 13.D　空前一句提到“尽管生活并不完美，你也可以生活在爱和信任之中”的道理，下文是描述自己通过诗歌寻找生活中的美好，空处应是描述诗歌和上文所述的道理之间的联系。D项（诗歌帮助我们记住这一重要的智慧）符合语境。 Ⅲ．完形填空 􀳁　　（2026•江苏常州期中）Hiram Sims is a creative writing and composition professor．He 　14　 the beauty of poetry at a young age from various forms， like lyrics and classic works．That has become his favorite form of 　15　 ever since．As a kid， he wrote down thoughts about candy； now he writes love poems for his wife． 　　In 2020， he 　16　 the Sims Library of Poetry — a center for studying and performing poetry．The library’s 　17　 goes back to a suitcase．After asking his students to read one book of poetry a week， he 　18　 that his students couldn’t afford poetry books， and libraries had 　19　 poetry offerings．So， he fit his 80 books from his collection into a suitcase， 　20　 students to borrow them．One student referred to it as the “little Sims library of poetry”， which 　21　 him to create a real library．After all， there was a 　22　， with few poetry sections in libraries． 　　The idea came to life in his garage （车库） at a birthday party－library－launch．Book donations poured in 　23　．The party started with 300 and ended with 2，000.It continued to grow with 　24　 coming from across the country．Later， the library took over a building as the next generation of the library．Today， the nonprofit 　25　 more than 9，000 volumes of poetry． 　　Despite the dominant 　26　 that one cannot make a living as a full－time poet， Sims 　27　 his enthusiasm for poetry， as poet Mary Oliver wrote， “Let the soft animal of your body love what it loves．” So he publishes poetry； he teaches poetry．The establishment of the library 　28　 the poetry community a lot， who get to experience an unusual sense of permission to be whoever they are there． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Hiram Sims教授作为一位创意写作与作文教育者，对诗歌的热爱、创立诗歌图书馆的经历以及他对诗歌社区的贡献。 14.A．recorded　　 B．recognized　 C．celebrated　　 D．demonstrated 解析：B　根据下句可知，他从小就认识到诗歌的美。 􀳁15.A．relaxation　 B．protest C．defense　 D．expression 解析：D　根据下文As a kid， he wrote down thoughts about candy； now he writes love poems for his wife．可知，诗歌成了他最喜欢的表达方式。 􀳁16.A．established　 B．supported C．represented 　 D．entered 解析：A　根据本段倒数第二句One student referred to it as ．．．to create a real library．可知，他创立了Sims诗歌图书馆。 􀳁17.A．role　 B．management C．collection　 D．origin 解析：D　根据本段中的So， he fit his 80 books ．．．to borrow them．可知，这个图书馆的创立源自一个行李箱。 􀳁18.A．encountered 　 B．explained C．realized　 D．determined 解析：C　根据空后的his students couldn’t afford poetry books ．．．poetry offerings可知，空后是他意识到的事情，即学生买不起诗集，而图书馆也没多少诗集。 􀳁19.A．slim　 B．similar C．extensive　 D．competitive 解析：A　根据本段最后一句After all， there was a 　22　， with few poetry sections in libraries．可知，图书馆诗集的数量有缺口，很少。 􀳁20.A．forcing　 B．allowing C．requesting　 D．promising 解析：B　根据空前的he fit his 80 books from his collection into a suitcase可知，他将80本书放进一个行李箱是为了让学生借阅。 􀳁21.A．reminded　 B．inspired C．needed　 D．persuaded 解析：B　根据上半句One student referred to it as the “little Sims library of poetry”可知，他将自己的诗集放进行李箱，让学生借阅，而学生称之为“小Sims诗歌图书馆”。这件事启发他萌生了创建真正图书馆的想法。 􀳁22.A．decline　 B．difference C．gap　 D．pattern 解析：C　根据后半句with few poetry sections in libraries可知，图书馆的诗集很少，有缺口。 􀳁23.A．unintentionally　 B．unexpectedly C．widely　 D．thankfully 解析：B　根据下句The party started with 300 and ended with 2，000.可知，书籍捐赠的效果出乎意料地好。 􀳁24.A．information　 B．applications C．profit　 D．contributions 解析：D　根据本段第二句Book donations poured in 　23　．可推测，空处指的是书籍捐赠不断涌入。 􀳁25.A．studies　 B．illustrates C．houses　 D．exposes 解析：C　根据上句可知，后来该组织接管了一栋楼，作为下一代图书馆。由此推断，空处指的是该组织拥有9 000多册诗集。 􀳁26.A．belief　 B．fact C．standard　 D．condition 解析：A　根据空后的that one cannot make a living as ．．．enthusiasm for poetry可知，空后内容是人们的普遍观点。此处belief意为“看法，观点”。 􀳁27.A．hides　 B．remembers C．maintains 　 D．announces 解析：C　根据句首的Despite可推测，此处与主句存在转折。由此可知，尽管人们普遍认为全职诗人无法谋生，但Sims仍然保持对诗歌的热情。 􀳁28.A．protects　 B．strengthens C．educates　 D．impacts 解析：D　根据空后的who get to experience an unusual sense of permission to be whoever they are there可知，图书馆的成立对诗歌界产生了影响。 Ⅳ．语法填空 􀳁　　（2026•江苏连云港期末）In January 2023， a groundbreaking cultural milestone 29.　　　　　 （occur） when Dream of the Red Chamber was published in Turkish for the first time． Giray Fidan， a Chinese literature professor in Ankara， dedicated five years to 30.　　　　　　（translate） the novel， hoping to share its tale of love， family tragedy， and the short－lived nature of fortune 31.　　　　　　 Turkish readers． 　　Translated with caution to detail， Fidan explained， “This isn’t just a book — it’s a window into China’s soul，” and he dreamed of sparking 32.　　　　　　 （curious） about a world where silk dresses and herbal medicines tell secrets of their own． 　　The novel follows the rise and fall of the Jia family， 33.　　　　　　 （mirror） author Cao Xueqin’s own family roots during the Qing Dynasty． Through fancy dinners and secret palace plots， it includes themes of fate and social class． Cao’s family wealth fell apart when he was young， enabling him to experience both the 34.　　　　　　 （shine） palaces of the rich and the dirty streets of ordinary people． “This is a story for everyone，” Fidan said， pointing to characters like the daydreaming Jia Baoyu and the sensitive Lin Daiyu 35.　　　　　　 problems seem to be still relevant today． 　　Translating Dream of the Red Chamber proved challenging． Fidan spent 36.　　　　　　 （count） hours studying Qing－era architecture and herbal medicines 37.　　　　　　 （capture） details． 38.　　　　　　 the real challenge lay in conveying emotions： the ache of unanswered love and the weight of family duty． Fidan hopes the Turkish edition will excite readers， who will also find many layers to explore in the book． 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了2023年1月《红楼梦》首次以土耳其语出版这一具有里程碑意义的文化事件。 29.occurred　考查谓语动词。空处为句子谓语，根据从句时态以及时间状语In January 2023可知为一般过去时；主语a groundbreaking cultural milestone为单数，和动词occur之间为主动关系。故填occurred。 30.translating　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语dedicated，空处为非谓语动词作介词to的宾语，应用提示词translate的动词－ing形式。故填translating。 31.with　考查介词。固定搭配share ．．．with ．．．意为“和……分享……”。故填with。 32.curiosity　考查名词。空处为介词of的宾语，应用提示词curious的名词形式。故填curiosity。 33.mirroring　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语follows，空处为非谓语，主语the novel和动词mirror之间为主动关系，应用提示词mirror的动词－ing形式，作伴随状语。故填mirroring。 34.shiny/shining　考查形容词。空处修饰其后的名词palaces，应用提示词shine的形容词形式。故填shiny/shining。 35.whose　考查定语从句。空处为定语从句的关系词，先行词characters和空后的problems之间为所有关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 36.countless　考查形容词。空处修饰其后的名词hours，应用提示词count的形容词形式修饰。故填countless。 37.to capture　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语spent，空处为非谓语动词作目的状语，应用所给词capture的动词不定式形式。故填to capture。 38.But/Yet　考查连词。空处为连词，上文和下文内容存在转折关系，应用but/yet连接；置于句首，首字母大写。故填But/Yet。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $