Unit 4 Natural Disasters “熟词生义”专项练习-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦单元核心词汇熟义与生义转化，通过列表归纳与语境应用训练，系统提升词汇理解与语境应用能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词语列表|28词（含短语）|熟义与生义对照|从教材基础释义拓展至高考常考生义，构建词汇多义网络| |跟踪练习|55题|语境中生义辨析|通过真实语境强化生义应用，提升语言理解与表达能力|

（原创题）人教版高中英语新教材必修1 Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS “熟词生义”专项练习 单元重点词语“熟词生义”一览表 单词（短语） 熟义（教材释义） 生义（其它重点常考义） disaster n. 灾难；灾害 ① n. [C] & [U] 不幸；祸患 ② n. [C] & [U]（非正式用法）彻底失败的人（或事） drought n. 旱灾；久旱 n. [C] & [U] 长期缺乏 slide vi. & vt.（使）滑行；滑动（slid, slid） ① vi. & vt.（使）快捷而悄声地移动 ② n. [C]（常用单数）降低；跌落；衰落 ③ n. [C] 滑梯 ④ n. [C] 山崩；岩崩；土崩；崩塌 ⑤ n. [C] 投影片，幻灯片 rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 vi. & vt. 给某人救急；解围 damage vt. 损害；破坏  n. 损坏；损失 （复数）损害赔偿金 affect vt. 影响；(疾病) 侵袭；深深打动 vt.（正式用法）假装（= pretend） metal n. 金属 heavy metal 重金属音乐 shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克  vt.（使）震惊 ① n. [C]& [U] 剧烈震动，剧烈震荡 ② vi. & vt.（使）愤慨，（使）生气，（使）不快 electricity n. 电；电能 n.（常用单数）强烈的感情，激动，激情，兴奋 trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱 ① n. [C]（捕捉动物的）陷阱，罗网，夹，捕捉器 ② n. [C] 圈套；诡计 ③ n. [C]（难以逃脱的）困境，牢笼 ④ vt. 设陷阱捕捉，用捕捉器捕捉（动物）⑤ vt. 卡住；夹住；绊住；缠住 bury  vt. 埋葬；安葬 vt. ① 把（某物）掩藏（埋藏）在地下 ② （以土、石、树叶等）覆盖 ③ 把（感情或记忆） 埋在心里 ④ 使陷入，把……插入…… ⑤ 使隐藏 effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 ① n. [U] 力气，精力 ② n. [C] 特别任务 suffer  vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦 vi. 变差，变坏，变糟 erupt vi. & vt. （火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出 vi. & vt. 突然发出（叫喊等） survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过 ① vt. 比（通常指亲人）活得更长，比（某人）长寿 ② vi. 仍然存在; 保存下来 ③ vi.（靠很少的钱）继续维持生活（常与on连用） power n. 电力供应；力量；控制力 ① n.（身体的）力量；体力 ② n. [U] 能力；机会 ③ n. [U] 某方面的力量（或影响）；实力 ④ n. [C] 有影响力的大国；军事强国 ⑤ vi. 飞速行驶，快速行进 ⑥ vt. 给（车辆或机器）提供动力，以动力驱动…… pipe n. 管子；管道 ①n. [C] 烟斗 ②n. [C]管乐器 ③ vt. 用管道输送（液体或气体） ④ vi. & vt. 用管乐器演奏 ⑤ vi. & vt.  尖声说（唱） calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的  vt. 使平静；使镇静 ① adj.（海洋、湖泊等）平静的，风平浪静的 ② n. [U] 平静；镇静 aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资  vi.& vt. （正式用法）帮助；援助 n. [C] 辅助物，辅助设备 on hand 现有（尤指帮助） ① 在手头 ② 即将发生，即将到来，临近 ③ 到场 ④ 出席 ⑤ 在近处（区域） crash vt. & vi. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞 ① vi. 使发出巨响 ② vi.（价格、公司、股票等）（突然）贬值，倒闭，失败；暴跌 ③ vi.（计算机）崩溃，死机 ④ n. [C]（汽车）撞车事故；（飞机）失事 ⑤ n. [C] 突然发出的巨响，碰撞声 ⑥ n. [C]（计算机或计算机系统的）瘫痪，死机 ⑦ n. [C]（股票的）狂跌 sweep vt. & vi. (swept, swept) 打扫；清扫 ① vi.（人群或畜群）迅速移动，冲过 ② vi.& vt. 风行；（在……）迅速传播 ③ vi.突然袭来 ④ vi. 蜿蜒; 延伸（常与along / down连用）⑤ n. [C]（常用单数）打扫，清扫 ⑥ n. [C]（常用单数）（道路、河流、海岸等）一长段，绵延弯曲的地带 wave n. 海浪；波浪 vi.& vt. 挥手；招手 ① n. [C] 汹涌的行动（或思想）态势；心潮；风潮 ② vi.（一端固定地）飘扬，飘动，摇晃，起伏 ③ vi. 略呈波形；拳曲 ④ vt. 使……略呈波形；烫（发） strike vi.& vt.（struck, struck/stricken） 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 ① vt. 撞击； 碰撞 ② vt. 踢（球等） ③ vt. 突然想到；一下子想起；猛地意识到 ④ vi. 罢工 ⑤ vi.& vt. 敲（钟）；报时 ⑥ vi.& vt. 擦，划（火柴）；击出（火星） deliver  vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表 ① vt. 宣布；发布 ② vi.& vt. 履行职责（承诺）；兑现 ③ vt. 给……接生；生（孩子） summary n. 总结；概括；概要 adj. 总结性的；概括的 effect n. 影响；结果；效果 vt. 使发生；达到……的效果 length n. 长；长度 n. [C] 细长的一段（节，根） 跟踪练习 1. His hair waves naturally. 2. Electric cables(电缆) are buried beneath the streets. 3. She’s had her hair waved. 4. She had learned to bury her feelings. 5. The play’s first night was a total disaster. 6. I trapped my coat in the car door. 7. She survived her husband by ten years. 8. I was terrified that the plane would crash. 9. GM(通用汽车) has been on a downward slide for years. 10. The clock has just struck three. 11. She affected a calmness she did not feel. 12. A wave of tiredness swept over her. 13. When Davis scored for the third time, the crowd erupted. 14. My computer crashes every time I disconnect from the Internet. 15. The nation had been buffeted(冲击) by a wave of strikes. 16. The aircraft is powered by a jet engine. 17. Losing your job doesn’t have to be such a disaster. 18. Water is piped from the reservoir (水库) to the city. 19. My grandfather used to smoke cigarettes; now he smokes a pipe. 20. She slid out while no one was looking. 21. The door had been tied shut with a length of nylon cord(尼龙绳). 22. He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets. 23. A video is a useful aid in the classroom. 24. Raccoons(浣熊) used to be trapped for their fur. 25. The shock of the explosion could be felt up to six miles away. 26. He was ordered to pay damages totaling £30 000. 27. Just ignore the bad language – they only do it to shock. 28. They remained on the terrace(平台) after dinner, enjoying the calm of the evening. 29. She is due to deliver a lecture on genetic engineering(遗传工程). 30. I’m still working on the slides for my presentation. 31. The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%. 32. Dozens of people were trapped in the rubble(瓦砾) when the building collapsed. 33. His strong body powered through the water. 34. There are slides in the children's playground. 35. The company will deliver on its promises. 36. The crowd swept through the gates of the stadium. 37. They rushed her to hospital where doctors delivered her baby. 38. Are there enough people on hand to hold a meeting? 39. Carol’s brother came to the rescue and sent her $1000. 40. He was always on hand when they needed him. 41. You rescued me from an embarrassing situation. 42. I don’t know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy’s small salary. 43. There has been a drought of new opportunities in the industry. 44. You should always have what your customers want on hand. 45. Egypt is still a major power in the Middle East. 46. I’m worried and my work is beginning to suffer. 47. There was real electricity between them when they met. 48. It was reported that there was trouble on hand. 49. A few pages of the original manuscript(手稿) still survive. 50. John lifted the box easily, without using much effort. 51. I like a lot of pop music and I love to listen to classical stuff, but no heavy metal. 52. Everyone did what they could to support the war effort. 53. It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation. 54. Many parents lack confidence in their ability to effect change in their children’s behaviour. 55. Outside the Buckingham Palace(白金汉宫), some 5,000 British police officers are on hand to protect the visiting US president. 参考答案 1. vi. 略呈波形；拳曲2. vt. 把（某物）掩藏（埋藏）在地下 3. vt. 使……略呈波形；烫（发）4. vt. 埋藏（感情）5. n. 彻底失败的事情 6. vt. 卡住；夹住7. vt. 比……活得更长，比……长寿8. vi.（飞机）失事9. n. [C]（常用单数）跌落；衰落 10. vi.& vt. 敲（钟）；报时 11. vt. 假装 12. vi. 突然袭来13. vi. 突然发出叫喊声 14. vi.（计算机）崩溃，死机 15. n. [C] 浪潮 16. vt. 给……提供动力，以动力驱动 17. n. 不幸；祸患 18. vt. 用管道输送 19. n. [C] 烟斗 20. vi. & vt.（使）快捷而悄声地移动 21. n. 细长的一段（根）22. vt. 插入 23. n. 辅助物，辅助设备24. vt. 设陷阱捕捉，用捕捉器捕捉（动物） 25. n. 剧烈震荡26.（复数）损害赔偿金27. v.（使）愤慨，（使）生气，（使）不快 28. n. 平静；镇静 29. vt. 发表（演说或演讲）30. n. 投影片 31. vi. 罢工 32. vt. 使落入险境；使陷入困境（常用被动）33. vi. 飞速行驶，快速行进 34. n. 滑梯 35. vi. 履行职责（承诺）；兑现36. vi. 迅速地移动，冲过 37. vt. 给……接生（孩子）38. 出席（与会）39. n. 救急40. 到场 41. vt. 给某人解围 42. vi.（靠很少的钱）继续维持生活 43. n. 长期缺乏 44. 在手边 45. n. 有影响力的大国；军事强国46. vi. 变差，变坏，变糟 47. n.（常用单数）激动，兴奋 48. 即将到来（发生）49. vi. 仍然存在; 保存下来 50. n. 力气 51. 重金属音乐52. n. 特别任务 53. vt. 突然想到；一下子想起；猛地意识到 54. vt. 使产生55. 在附近（区域） 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $