Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading and Thinking 基础+提高分层练-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 分层设计适配新授课需求，基础练夯实单元核心词汇与语法，能力练通过地震生存、防灾准备等真实语篇提升阅读理解与思维品质。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单词拼写|10/10|单元核心词汇（如typhoon, earthquake）|结合灾害情境巩固基础词汇| |单句语法填空|10/10|被动语态、非谓语等语法点|语境化考查语法应用能力| |单句写作|5/10|主语从句、as if虚拟等句式|聚焦功能句型的准确表达| |阅读理解|7/17.5|地震生存案例、家庭防震准备|真实语篇培养信息获取与推理能力| |七选五|5/12.5|地震安全指南|逻辑衔接考查语篇组织能力|

Unit 4 Reading and Thinking 基础+提高分层练高一英语人教版必修一 基础练 Ⅰ. 单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 1. A powerful ________(台风) swept across the coastal city and caused great damage. 2. Two children were rescued from the ________(废墟) of the collapsed building. 3. The ________(地震) that hit the region last night measured 6.5 on the Richter scale. 4. Rescue workers are trying to ________(营救) people trapped in the flood. 5. The hurricane ________(摧毁) hundreds of houses along the coast. 6. The drought has led to a serious shortage of ________(电) in rural areas. 7. They provided food and ________(居所) for the homeless after the disaster. 8. Local people made every ________(努力) to help the victims rebuild their homes. 9. Thousands of people ________(遭受) from hunger and disease after the war. 10. The heavy rain caused severe ________(损害) to the crops. Ⅱ. 单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 1. When the rescue team arrived, they found the whole village in ________(ruin). 2. The miners who ________(trap) underground for 80 hours were finally saved. 3. With the government's aid, those who ________(affect) by the flood have moved to a safe place. 4. She was ________ shock when she heard the news of the sudden earthquake. 5. He took over the family business following his father's ________(die). 6. Knowledge without ________(wise) is like water in the sand. 7. The struggle came to ________ end, so everyone became more positive about life. 8. We were bathed in the sunshine and ________(breathe) the fresh air in the countryside. 9. A new bridge ________(build) in our town next year will benefit thousands of people. 10. ________(bury) in the earthquake, the little girl was finally found alive by the rescue dogs. Ⅲ. 单句写作（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 1. 据报道，超过一千人在这场地震中丧生。 ________ over 1,000 people lost their lives in the earthquake. (主语从句) 2. 无论他走到哪儿，他永远也忘不了那次可怕的经历。 ________________, he will not forget the terrible experience. (everywhere) 3. 如果你保持镇静，这个紧急情况就很容易处理。 The emergency ________________ if you keep calm. (be + adj. + to do) 4. 我们的外籍老师汉语说得非常流利，好像他是中国人一样。 Our foreign teacher speaks Chinese very fluently ________________. (as if) 5. 观众被这个感人的故事打动了，泪水涌上眼眶。 The audience ________________, with tears welling up in their eyes. (affect) 能力练 Ⅰ. 阅读理解（共7小题；每小题2.5分，满分17.5分） A When a massive earthquake hit a mountainous region in Southwest China at midnight on June 18, the ground cracked open and houses collapsed within seconds. Among the ruins, a miracle emerged: a 32-year-old mother, Liu Mei, was found alive after being buried for 76 hours. What kept her alive? According to the rescue team, Liu's survival was due to a combination of factors. First, she was protected by a triangular space formed by two fallen concrete slabs(混凝土板), which prevented the weight of the building from crushing her. Second, she had access to a small amount of water from a broken pipe nearby. Third, and perhaps most importantly, she remained mentally strong. "I never gave up hope," she told reporters. "I kept telling myself that my daughter was waiting for me." Her story is not unique. In the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, a man survived 104 hours trapped under the rubble. A teacher in the 2010 Yushu earthquake lasted 58 hours. Experts point out that the "golden 72 hours" after an earthquake is considered the critical window for rescue, but cases of survival beyond this period, though rare, do exist. Studies show that survivors who remain calm and conserve energy have a much higher chance of being rescued. Panic consumes oxygen and energy rapidly, while a positive mental attitude can help people endure extreme conditions. "The human will to survive is remarkable," said Dr. Zhang, a disaster relief expert. "It's often the determining factor between life and death." 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to prevent earthquakes from happening. B. The story of a mother who survived a deadly earthquake. C. The importance of rescue equipment in earthquakes. D. Why earthquakes cause so much damage to buildings. 2. How long was Liu Mei buried before being rescued? A. 58 hours.　B. 76 hours.　C. 104 hours.　D. 72 hours. 3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for Liu Mei's survival? A. A triangular space protected her. B. She had some water to drink. C. She was physically very strong. D. She kept a positive attitude. 4. What does the underlined word "conserve" in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Save.　B. Waste.　C. Produce.　D. Consume. B Preparing for an earthquake is not just the responsibility of governments; it starts with individual families. Here are some essential steps every household should take. Build an Emergency Kit Every family should prepare an emergency kit containing at least a 72-hour supply of water (one gallon per person per day), non-perishable food, a flashlight, batteries, a first-aid kit, medicines, and important documents. Store the kit in an easily accessible location. Create a Family Communication Plan Family members may not be together when an earthquake strikes. Designate an out-of-town relative or friend as a central contact point. Make sure everyone knows how to send text messages, as texts often go through when phone calls cannot. Identify Safe Spots in Your Home Know the safest places in each room. Under sturdy tables, against interior walls, and away from windows are generally safe. Practice "Drop, Cover, and Hold On" drills with your family at least twice a year. Secure Heavy Items Bookshelves, water heaters, and hanging mirrors should be fixed to walls. Heavy objects on high shelves should be moved to lower positions. This simple step can prevent many injuries during the shaking. Prepare Your Home Check your house for structural weaknesses. Know how and where to shut off gas, water, and electricity. Keep a wrench near the gas shut-off valve. Earthquakes may be unpredictable, but preparation can dramatically increase your chances of survival and reduce panic when the ground starts shaking. 5. Which of the following is recommended to be included in an emergency kit? A. Fresh vegetables.　B. A television. C. Important documents.　D. Expensive jewelry. 6. What is the purpose of designating an out-of-town contact? A. To organize rescue operations. B. To help family members communicate when local lines are down. C. To store emergency supplies. D. To replace the local government's role. 7. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Causes of Earthquakes B. How to Build a Strong House C. Family Earthquake Preparedness D. The History of Deadly Earthquakes Ⅱ. 七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） The moments during and after an earthquake are critical. Knowing what to do can save your life. ____1____ During the Shaking If you are indoors, stay there. Do not run outside or to other rooms. ____2____ Drop to the ground, take cover under a sturdy table or desk, and hold on until the shaking stops. If there isn't a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch (蹲) in an inside corner of the building. Stay away from glass, windows, and exterior doors. ____3____ Move away from buildings, streetlights, and utility wires. Once in the open, stay there until the shaking stops. The greatest danger exists directly outside buildings, where falling bricks, glass, and other debris (碎片) may fall. After the Shaking Stops ____4____ Be prepared for aftershocks, which can cause additional damage and may occur minutes, days, or even months after the main shock. Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid for anyone who needs it. If you are trapped, do not light a match or use a lighter. ____5____ Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can locate you. Use a whistle if one is available. Shout only as a last resort, as shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust. A. If you are outdoors, move to a clear area. B. Here are some key guidelines for earthquake safety. C. The following steps will help you survive an earthquake. D. Cover your head and neck with your arms. E. Do not move about or kick up dust. F. If you smell gas, open windows and leave immediately. G. Check gas, water, and electrical lines for damage. 参考答案与详细解析 基础练 Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1. typhoon　名词"台风"，符合句意。 2. ruins　in ruins 为固定搭配，意为"成为废墟"，此处用复数。 3. earthquake　名词"地震"，后文 measured 6.5 on the Richter scale 提示。 4. rescue　动词"营救"，rescue people trapped in... 营救被困人员。 5. destroyed　动词过去式"摧毁"，由 caused 可知用一般过去时。 6. electricity　名词"电"，shortage of electricity 电力短缺。 7. shelter　名词"居所，避难所"，provide food and shelter 提供食物和住所。 8. effort　make every effort 为固定搭配，意为"尽一切努力"。 9. suffered　suffer from 意为"遭受……之苦"，由 after the war 可知用一般过去时 suffered。 10. damage　名词"损害"，cause damage to 对……造成损害。 Ⅱ. 单句语法填空 1. ruins　in ruins 固定短语，意为"成为废墟"。 2. were trapped　定语从句中 miners 与 trap 之间为被动关系，且描述过去的事，用一般过去时的被动语态 were trapped。 3. were affected　those 与 affect 之间为被动关系，由 have moved 可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态 were affected。 4. in　in shock 为固定搭配，意为"处于震惊之中"。 5. death　father's 后接名词，die 的名词形式为 death。 6. wisdom　介词 without 后接名词，wise 的名词形式为 wisdom（不可数）。 7. an　come to an end 为固定搭配，意为"结束"。 8. breathed　and 连接并列谓语，由 were bathed 可知用一般过去时 breathed。 9. to be built　不定式作后置定语，bridge 与 build 之间为被动关系，且动作发生在将来，用 to be built。 10. Buried　逗号前为过去分词短语作状语，the little girl 与 bury 之间为被动关系，用过去分词 Buried。 Ⅲ. 单句写作 1. It is reported that　考查主语从句。It 为形式主语，真正的主语为 that 引导的主语从句，It is reported that... 为固定句型，意为"据报道……"。 2. Everywhere he goes　考查 everywhere 引导的让步状语从句，相当于 No matter where he goes，意为"无论他走到哪儿"。 3. is easy to deal with　考查 "be + adj. + to do" 结构。主语 the emergency 与 deal with 之间为动宾关系，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 4. as if he were a Chinese　考查 as if 引导的方式状语从句。由 speaks 可知是对现在的虚拟，be 动词用 were。 5. were affected by the moving story　考查 affect 的用法。audience 与 affect 之间为被动关系，由上下文可知用一般过去时；affect 意为"打动，感染"。 能力练 Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A 篇 1. B　主旨大意题。全文围绕刘梅在地震中被埋76小时后获救的故事展开，介绍了她存活的原因，并辅以其他地震幸存者的案例，故选 B。 2. B　细节理解题。第一段末 "a 32-year-old mother, Liu Mei, was found alive after being buried for 76 hours" 明确说明她被埋了76小时，选 B。 3. C　细节判断题。第二段列出了她存活的三个因素：三角形空间保护（A）、有少量水（B）、积极心态（D）。文中并未提及她"身体非常强壮"（C），故选 C。 4. A　词义猜测题。由语境 "remain calm and conserve energy" 可知，冷静和"节省"体力是提高获救率的途径，consume 与 save 语义相反，waste 和 produce 不符合逻辑，conserve 此处意为"保存，节省"，与 save 同义，选 A。 B 篇 5. C　细节理解题。在 Build an Emergency Kit 部分，明确列出应急包应包含 "important documents"（重要文件），选 C。新鲜蔬菜不易保存（A），电视（B）和贵重珠宝（D）均未提及。 6. B　推理判断题。在 Create a Family Communication Plan 部分指出，指定外地联系人是让家人知晓联络点，且短信在电话不通时往往还能发送，故目的是在当地通信中断时帮助家人相互联系，选 B。 7. C　主旨大意题。全文从应急包、家庭沟通计划、安全地点、固定重物、房屋准备五个方面介绍家庭地震准备工作，C 项"家庭地震防备"最能概括全文，选 C。 Ⅱ. 七选五 1. B　首句总起，后文分 During / After 两部分给出具体安全准则，B 项"以下是一些地震安全的关键指南"承上启下，选 B。 2. D　本段讲室内避险动作，"Drop, Cover, and Hold On"，D 项"用双臂护住头和脖子"是 cover 的具体动作，与后文逻辑连贯，选 D。 3. A　本段标题缺失，由 "Move away from buildings..." 可知讲室外避险，A 项"如果你在户外，转移到空旷地带"概括本段主旨，选 A。 4. G　本段讲震动停止后的行动，G 项"检查燃气、水和电线是否损坏"是震后首要安全措施，与后文检查伤情、防余震逻辑衔接，选 G。 5. E　前文 "do not light a match"，后文 "Tap on a pipe... Shout only as a last resort, as shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust"，E 项"不要走动或扬起灰尘"衔接自然，选 E。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $