Unit 3 Same or Different（知识清单）英语新教材人教版八年级上册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统整合了Unit 3 "Same or Different"的核心内容，涵盖主题词汇、实用短语、交际套句型、形容词副词比较级语法及友谊主题写作五大知识范畴，构建了从基础词汇积累到语法规则运用再到语用表达实践的递进式学习支架。 清单通过"知识点精讲+易混辨析+写作框架"的三维结构呈现知识体系，如对"compare...with...与compare...to..."进行用法对比，标注为重点并配写作佳句，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设计"写作素材包"含核心单词、高分句型及范文，辅以语法填空等分层练习，不同水平学生可高效自主学习，教师能据此精准设计教学活动，提升课堂实效。

Unit 3 Same or Different 主 题 词 汇 1. compare 比较；对比 2. shy 害羞的 3. lazy 懒惰的；懒洋洋的 4. loud 响亮地；大声的 5. outgoing 外向的 6. hard‑working 勤奋的 7. appearance 外表；露面 8. personality 性格；品质 9. slim 苗条的；薄的 10. average 平均的；平常的 11. pleasant 宜人的；友好的 12. alike 相像的；相似地 13. interest 业余爱好；兴趣；使感兴趣 14. difference 差异 15. sense 理解力；感觉 16. humour 幽默；幽默感 17. straightforward 坦率的；简单的 18. opinion 看法；意见 19. honest 坦诚的；诚实的 20. direct 率直的；直接的 21. similarity 相似之处 22. friendship 友谊；友情 23. character 人物；个性 24. exchange 交换 短 语 1. compare...with...把……与……比较 2. have sth. in common 有共同之处 3.be different from与……不同 4. the population of ….…的人口 5. hang out闲逛 6. because of因为, 由于 7.encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 8.music festival 音乐节 9.be afraid of sth. 害怕某物 10.solve the problem解决问题 11.by doing sth.通过做某事来。。。 12.play the Chinese flute 吹奏中国长笛 13.win the first prize 赢得一等奖 14. get up 起床 15.take part in 参加 16.work hard 努力工作/学习 17.as... as ... 像.......一样...... 18.spare time 空闲时间 19. in one's spare time 在某人的空闲时间 20.be like a mirror 像镜子一样 21.in other ways 在其他方面 22.kind of稍微；有点 23.a sense of humor 幽默感 24.be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 25.make a great team 组成一个很棒的团队 26.thanks to 归功于；由于；因为 27.be similar to与……相似 28.anyone else 别的任何人 29.make a mistake 犯错误 30.by accident 偶然；意外地 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 1. Who dances better, Ella or Emma? 谁跳舞跳得更好,埃拉还是埃玛? 2. I'm a little quieter than Ella. And she is funnier than me. 我比埃拉更安静一些。而她比我更有趣。 3. Our pleasure! 我们的荣幸! 4. The population of Vancouver is larger than that of Guangzhou in 2024. 2024年,温哥华的人口比广州多。 5. Guangzhou has pleasant temperatures in January. It is warmer than Vancouver in January. 广州一月份的温度很宜人。它比温哥华一月份要温暖。 6. I think a good friend is like a mirror. 我认为一位好朋友就像一面镜子。 7. He plays badminton better than I do, so he always wins our matches. 他打羽毛球比我打得好,所以他总会赢得我们的比赛。 8. For me, friends who are different make me better. 对我来说,(与我)不同的朋友让我变得更好。 9. He is not afraid to give his opinion, especially when he thinks I am making a mistake. 他不怕发表他的意见,尤其是当他认为我正在犯错误的时候。 10. I am not as straightforward as he is, but I am glad to have an honest friend. 我不像他那么坦率,但我很高兴拥有一位诚实的朋友。 11. I don't really care if my friends are similar to or different from me. 我真的不在乎我的朋友是与我相似还是与我不同。 12. She helps me see the silver lining in difficult situations. 她帮助我在困难的情况下看到一线希望。 13. I know she cares about me because she's always there to listen. 我知道她关心我,因为她总是在那里倾听。 14. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 一位真正的朋友会向你伸出援手并且触动你的心。 15. We are always ready to help each other by lending a hand. 我们总是准备伸出援手,帮助彼此。 语法 形容词、副词比较级和as...as 写作 友谊 一、知识点精讲 1. compare v. 比较；对比 【详解】 ① compare A with B 把A和B作比较；compare A to B 把A比作B ② comparison n. 比较 ③ comparative adj. 比较的 【易混辨析】 compare…with…：侧重对比两者之间的异同 compare…to…：侧重比喻，将一物比作另一物 【写作佳句】 When we compare our personalities with our best friends’, we can find both similarities and differences. 当我们把自己的性格和好朋友对比时，能够找到相同点和不同点。 2. shy adj. 害羞的 【详解】 ① be shy about sth. 对某事感到害羞；be shy to do sth. 羞于做某事 ② shyness n. 害羞 ③ shyly adv. 害羞地 【写作佳句】 The shy boy becomes more active after taking part in more school performances with his classmates. 这个害羞的男孩在和同学们参加更多校园演出之后变得更加活跃。 3. outgoing adj. 外向的 【详解】 ① an outgoing person 性格外向的人 ② shy adj. 害羞的（反义词） 【写作佳句】 An outgoing student is usually more willing to share ideas and make new friends at school. 性格外向的学生通常更愿意分享想法，在学校结交新朋友。 4. hard-working adj. 勤奋的 【详解】 ① a hard-working student 勤奋的学生 ② work hard 努力学习（动词短语） ③ hard work 繁重的工作（名词短语） 【易混辨析】 hard-working：形容词，用来修饰人 work hard：动词短语，在句中充当谓语 hard work：名词短语，作主语或者宾语 【写作佳句】 Hard-working teenagers are more likely to achieve their small goals step by step in daily study. 勤奋的青少年更容易在日常学习中一步步实现自己的小目标。 5. solve v. 解决；解答 【详解】 ① solve problems 解决问题；solve puzzles 解答谜题 ② solution n. 解决办法 【写作佳句】 We should communicate with our partners patiently so that we can work together to solve difficult problems. 我们应当耐心和搭档沟通，这样才能合作解决难题。 6. attend v. 参加；出席 【详解】 ① attend school 上学；attend a meeting / show 出席会议/演出 【易混辨析】 attend：出席会议、典礼、课程 join：加入某个团体、组织 take part in：参与各类活动、比赛 【写作佳句】 More than fifty students will attend the school talent show and show their different skills this Friday afternoon. 超过五十名学生会参加本周五下午的校园才艺秀，展示各自不同的特长。 7. besides prep. 除……之外（还） adv. 而且 【详解】 【易混辨析】 besides：除……之外还有，包含后面提到的对象 except：除……之外，不包含后面提到的对象 【写作佳句】 Besides learning English at school, many students choose to watch English movies in their free time. 除了在校学习英语，很多学生选择在空闲时间观看英文电影。 8. spare adj. 空闲的；备用的 v. 抽出；拨出 【详解】 ① spare time 空闲时间；spare sth. for sb. 为某人腾出某物 【写作佳句】 If you have some spare time this weekend, you can read books about different personalities of famous people. 如果你这周末有空余时间，可以阅读讲述名人不同性格的书籍。 9. pleasure n. 乐事；愉快；荣幸 【详解】 ① It’s my pleasure. 乐意效劳 ② pleasant adj. 令人愉快的 ③ pleased adj. 感到开心的 【易混辨析】 pleasure：名词，愉快、乐事 pleasant：形容词，修饰事物，令人愉悦的 pleased：形容词，修饰人，感到愉快的 【写作佳句】 It is a great pleasure for us to talk about our hobbies and share interesting stories with close friends. 和好友谈论爱好、分享趣事对我们来说是一件十分愉快的事。 10. expect v. 预料；期待 【详解】 ① expect to do sth. 期待做某事；expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 ② expectation n. 期待 【写作佳句】 I expect that we can find more similarities when we communicate with our new classmates. 我期待在和新同学交流时，能够发现更多彼此的共同点。 11. serious adj. 严肃的；严重的 【详解】 ① be serious about sth. 认真对待某事 ② seriously adv. 严肃地；严重地 【写作佳句】 Everyone should be serious about their schoolwork and try their best to make progress every day. 每个人都应当认真对待学业，尽力每天取得进步。 12. difference n. 差异 【详解】 ① be different from 与……不同；make a difference 产生影响 ② different adj. 不同的 ③ differently adv. 不同地 【写作佳句】 We should respect the differences between people and learn from each other’s strong points. 我们应当尊重人与人之间的差异，互相取长补短。 13. honest adj. 坦诚的；诚实的 【详解】 ① be honest with sb. 对某人坦诚 ② honesty n. 诚实 ③ dishonest adj. 不诚实的 【写作佳句】 An honest boy will always tell the truth when he makes mistakes and try to correct them actively. 诚实的男孩犯错后总会说出真相，并主动努力改正。 14. similarity n. 相似之处 【详解】 ① be similar to 与……相似 ② similar adj. 相似的 【写作佳句】 You can find many similarities between good friends, such as the same hobbies and opinions. 你可以发现好朋友之间存在许多相似点，例如相同的爱好与看法。 重点短语精讲 1. as ... as … 像……一样…… 【详解】 ① 中间使用形容词或副词原级；not as/so … as 不如…… 【写作佳句】 My best friend is as outgoing and hard-working as me, so we get along very well. 我最好的朋友和我一样外向、勤奋，所以我们相处得十分融洽。 2. have sth in common 有共同之处 【详解】 ① have a lot in common 有许多共同点；have nothing in common 毫无共同点 【写作佳句】 Although we look quite different, we have many hobbies and ideas in common. 尽管我们长相差别很大，但我们拥有许多共同的爱好和想法。 3. thanks to 归功于；由于；因为 【详解】 【易混辨析】 thanks to：多含褒义，多亏、归功于 because of：中性词，因为，后接名词或短语 【写作佳句】 Thanks to my deskmate’s advice, I found many differences between the two articles quickly. 多亏同桌的建议，我很快找出了这两篇文章之间的多处不同。 4. make a mistake 犯错误 【详解】 ① make mistakes 犯错（复数形式） 【写作佳句】 Don’t be afraid to make a mistake when comparing your ideas with other students. 当你和其他同学对比想法时，不要害怕犯错。 5. care about 关心；担心 【详解】 ① care for 照顾；喜欢 【写作佳句】 True friends will care about your feelings when you meet trouble in daily life. 真正的朋友会在你日常生活遇到困境时关心你的感受。 6. lend (sb) a hand 帮助（某人） 【详解】 ① 同义短语：give sb. a hand 【写作佳句】 If you cannot solve this difficult problem alone, your classmates will gladly lend you a hand. 如果你无法独自解决这道难题，同学们会乐意伸出援手。 二、核心语法精讲 1.形容词和副词原级的用法 形容词原级的用法 1.说明人或物自身的特征、性质或状态 The flowers are beautiful. 2.被 very,so,too,enough,quite 等修饰时 very tall old enough 3.A…as…as B A 和 B 一样… A…not as(so)…as B A 不如 B … English is as interesting as Chinese. This book is not as new as that one. 4.A…+倍数+as…as B A 是 B 的…倍 Our school is three times as big as theirs. 2.形容词和副词比较级的用法 ①形容词/副词的比较级＋than， 如：He runs faster than Lucy. 他比露西跑得快。 ②倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than， 如：His house is twice bigger than mine. 他家比我家大两倍。 ③the＋形容词的比较级＋of the two＋复数名词，“两者中较……的一个”， 如：He is the taller of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中个子较高的那个。 ④“形容词/副词的比较级＋and＋形容词/副词的比较级”或“more and more＋多音节形容词原级/副词的原级”，“越来越……”， 如：As summer is coming， the day is becoming longer and longer. 夏天到了，白天变得越来越长。 ⑤the＋形容词/副词的比较级，the＋形容词/副词的比较级，“越……，就越……”， 如：The harder you work， the greater progress you will make. 你工作越努力，取得的进步就越大。 ⑥a/an＋形容词的比较级＋名词单数/代词one，“一个更……的”， 如：The dress is a little big for me， so I want to change it for a smaller one. 这条裙子对我来说有点儿大，所以我想换条小的。 ⑦修饰比较级的词有much， even， far， a little， twice， many times， a bit， rather等， 如：It’s even hotter today. 今天更热了。 1.形容词和副词比较级的规则变化 规则变化 原级 比较级 1.直接+er fast faster 2.e结尾，+r late later 3.辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i加er busy busier 4.重读闭音节，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写尾 字母，再加er big bigger 5.多音节和部分双音节，形容词前加more careful more careful 2.形容词和副词比较级的不规则变化 不规则变化 原级 比较级 不规则变化 原级 比较级 两好 good/well better 一远 far farther 两坏 bad/badly worse further 两多 many/much more 一老 old older 一少 little less elder 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元话题 Same or different（相同与差异），属于人与自我、人与社会主题语境。常考写作任务：介绍自己与朋友的异同、谈谈对人与人之间差异的看法、是否应该拿自己和他人比较。 写作核心：准确使用人物性格类词汇，熟练运用 be similar to、be different from、have…in common 等短语，恰当使用形容词比较级，表达对异同的理解与感悟。 写作体裁以记叙文、议论文为主，词数多为80‑100词。 2. 写作框架 开头：总起，点明朋友身份，总述人与人既有相同之处，也存在差异。 中间：分层叙述你与好友的相同点、性格爱好方面的不同点，结合生活小细节。 结尾：抒发感悟，接纳差异，点明友谊不需要完全一模一样。 >逻辑句式参考： >开头：Everyone is special. My best friend and I have both similarities and differences. >中间：We have a lot in common. However, we are different in many ways. >结尾：It’s our differences that make our friendship more wonderful. 3. 写作素材 ✅核心单词（性格&品质） outgoing adj.外向的 shy adj.害羞的 lazy adj.懒惰的 honest adj.诚实的 similar adj.相似的 different adj.不同的 humorous adj.幽默的 hard‑working adj.勤奋的 similarity n.相似之处 difference n.差异 personality n.性格 opinion n.看法 ✅核心短语 1. have a lot in common 有很多共同之处 2. be similar to 与……相似 3. be different from 与……不同 4. compare…with… 把……和……作比较 5. a sense of humor 幽默感 6. care about 关心；在意 7. make a mistake 犯错误 8. thanks to 归功于；由于 ✅高分句型 1. My best friend and I have a lot in common though we have different personalities. 我和我最好的朋友性格不同，却有很多共同点。 2. I am more outgoing while my friend prefers to stay quiet. 我更加外向，而我的朋友更喜欢安静。 3. There is no need for friends to be exactly the same. 朋友没有必要完全一模一样。 4. Thanks to our differences, we can learn a great deal from each other. 多亏了我们之间的差异，我们可以互相学到很多。 5. We shouldn’t always compare ourselves with others. 我们不应该总是拿自己和别人作比较。 4. 范文背诵 Everyone is special. My best friend Lisa and I have both similarities and differences. We have a lot in common. We both enjoy reading and have a good sense of humor. However, we are different in many ways. I am more outgoing while Lisa is a little shy. I like taking part in different activities, but she prefers to stay quiet. There is no need for friends to be the same. Thanks to our differences, we can learn much from one another. Our differences make our friendship more wonderful. 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Many students make ________ (compare) between themselves and their classmates. 2. Her ________ (shy) stops her from speaking in public. 3. Too much ________ (lazy) will lead to failure in study. 4. The film is full of ________ (humour) stories and makes us laugh. 5. The ________ (appear) of the old building has changed a lot. 6. He is ________ (interest) in the differences between local cultures. 7. We can find many ________ (similar) between the two paintings. 8. His ________ (honest) wins respect from all his friends. 9. Tom is ________ (slim) than he was two years ago. 10. This hotel is ________ (pleasant) than that one for travellers. 二、单词拼写 1. It is impolite to ________ (比较) yourself with others all the time. 2. The girl is too ________ (害羞的) to express her ideas in class. 3. No one likes the ________ (懒惰的) boy who never finishes his work. 4. My deskmate is an ________ (外向的) girl with lots of friends. 5. What’s your ________ (看法) about this social problem? 6. The ________ (差异) between the two traditions is easy to see. 7. Books can improve our ________ (理解力) of the world. 8. We value ________ (友谊) more than anything else. 9. The ________ (性格) of the main character attracts lots of readers. 10. We had a pleasant ________ (交换) of ideas at the meeting. 11. He is ________ (坦率的) and always tells us the truth. 12. The ________ (平均的) age of the team members is 20. 13. I have no ________ (兴趣) in playing online games. 14. The actor’s ________ (外表) surprised all the audience. 15. People admire him for his ________ (诚实). 三、完成句子 1. 不要把你的生活和别人的生活作比较。 Don’t ________________________ others’ lives. 2. 这对双胞胎有很多共同之处，他们都喜欢绘画。 The twins ________________________; both of them love painting. 3. 这个方案和那个旧方案不一样，它有很多新特点。 This plan ________________________ the old one. It has many new features. 4. 多亏老师们的帮助，他取得了很大进步。 ________________________ the teachers’ help, he has made great progress. 5. 这两件外套彼此很相似，款式几乎一模一样。 The two coats ________________________ each other. Their styles are almost the same. 6. 别害怕，每个人都会犯错误。 Don’t be afraid. Everyone will ________________________. 7. 你应当真正关心你好朋友的感受。 You should truly ________________________ your good friends’ feelings. 8. 老师们经常鼓励我们勇敢表达自己的观点。 Teachers often ________________________ express our opinions bravely. 9. 他害怕在公众面前讲话，所以保持沉默。 He ________________________ speak in public, so he kept silent. 10. 生活中我们会遇到各种困难，但总能看见一线光明。 We may meet all kinds of difficulties in life, but we can always see ________________________. 参考答案 一、1.comparison 2.shyness 3.laziness 4.humorous 5.appearance 6.interested 7.similarities 8.honesty 9.slimmer 10.more pleasant 二、1.compare 2.shy 3.lazy 4.outgoing 5.opinion 6.difference 7.sense 8.friendship 9.character 10.exchange 11.straightforward 12.average 13.interest 14.appearance 15.honesty 三、1.compare your life with 2.have a lot in common 3.is different from 4.Thanks to 5.are similar to 6.make a mistake 7.care about 8.encourage us to 9.was afraid to 10.a silver lining 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （25-26八年级上·吉林长春·阶段检测）阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号内所给单词的适当形式。 In a middle school, two friends, Mia and Lucy, have always supported each other 1 a year ago. They reminded one another to feel free 2 (share) their ideas in class. At the 3 (begin) of the year, Mia struggled with her math 4 often was awake at night, worrying about her grades. So Lucy came to lend her a hand. They spent many evenings studying together, sharing notes, and discussing difficult questions. 5 Lucy’s encouragement, Mia has gained confidence and improved her skills in math. 6 (recent), they both have faced challenges, like 7 (ill) and stress from exams, but they have learned to overcome these difficulties together. Because of their friendship, they believe that they 8 to those people who are very lucky. Now, as the school year ends, Mia has 9 (make) great progress in her studies. She has become a more confident student, and both friends are 10 (excite) about their future together. 【答案】 1．since 2．to share 3．beginning 4．and 5．With 6．Recently 7．illness/illnesses 8．belong 9．made 10．excited 【导语】本文讲述了两位中学生朋友Mia和Lucy长期互相支持，共同面对学习挑战，包括Mia的数学困难和考试压力。她们一起克服困难，Mia取得进步，两人都对未来充满期待。 1．句意：在一所中学里，两个朋友Mia和Lucy从一年前起就一直互相支持。句中的“have always supported”为现在完成时，提示时间状语需用“since+时间点”，“a year ago”为时间点，故填since。 2．句意：她们互相提醒要在课堂上自由地分享想法。“feel free to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“随意做某事”，后接动词不定式，故填to share。 3．句意：在学年开始时，Mia数学学习困难，经常夜里醒着，担心成绩。根据上下文，此处表达学期开始，“at the beginning of”为固定短语，意为“在……开始时”，“begin”需变为名词形式，故填beginning。 4．句意：Mia数学学习困难，经常夜里醒着，担心成绩。“struggled with her math”与“often felt awake at night”为并列谓语，需用并列连词连接，故填and。 5．句意：在Lucy的鼓励下，Mia获得了信心，数学能力也得到了提高。句中缺少介词，表示伴随，“with one’s encouragement”为固定搭配，意为“在某人的鼓励下”，句首单词首字母需大写，故填With。 6．句意：最近，她们都面临着挑战，比如疾病和考试压力。句中缺少副词修饰整个句子，“recently”意为“最近”，常用于现在完成时，句首单词首字母需大写，故填Recently。 7．句意：最近，她们都面临着挑战，比如疾病和考试压力。“like”后接名词作宾语，“ill”为形容词，需变为名词形式illness，意为“疾病”，或使用复数形式illnesses，故填illness/illnesses。 8．句意：因为她们的友谊，她们相信自己属于那些非常幸运的人。根据句意表达“属于”之意，“belong to”为固定短语，意为“属于”，主语“they”为复数，一般现在时用原形，故填belong。 9．句意：现在，学年即将结束，Mia在学习上取得了巨大的进步。“has”后接过去分词构成现在完成时，“make”的过去分词为“made”，故填made。 10．句意：她已经成为一个更自信的学生，两个朋友都对她们的未来感到兴奋。空白处需填入形容词，主语“both friends”为人，“excited”意为“感到兴奋的”，用于修饰人，故填excited。 Passage 2 （25-26八年级上·浙江金华·阶段检测）We can’t always stay happy all the time. Sometimes we will be in bad spirits. What may make our 1 (feeling) good or bad? It can be colors, weather, noise and so on. It can also be people around us. Take Jane as 2 example. Jane is a shy girl and interested in 3 (read). But she is in trouble these days. Jane paid 15 dollars 4 a storybook last month. She saved the 15 dollars for almost half a year. She really enjoyed reading it. Her friend Lucy 5 (ask) Jane to lend the book to her. One month later, Jane told Lucy 6 (give) her back the book. 7 , Lucy hasn’t given it back until now and she refused to explain. Jane doesn’t know what to do now, but she knows she doesn’t want to lose her only friend. Her elder brother said their teacher could help 8 (she). Now she can’t 9 (decide) whether to tell her teacher about it. Can you give Jane some 10 (help) advice? I hope Jane can solve the problem soon. 【答案】 1．feelings 2．an 3．reading 4．for 5．asked 6．to give 7．However 8．her 9．decide 10．helpful 【导语】本文主要介绍了Jane因朋友Lucy借了她珍爱的书却迟迟不还而陷入两难，既不想失去朋友，又不知如何处理，希望得到建议。 1．句意：是什么让我们的心情时好时坏呢？our是形容词性物主代词，后面接名词；结合语境“情绪”不止一种，故填feeling的复数形式feelings。 2．句意：就拿Jane来说吧。take… as an example是固定搭配，意为“以……为例”，故填an。 3．句意：Jane是个内向的女孩，喜欢读书。be interested in doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“对做某事感兴趣”，故填reading。 4．句意：上个月，Jane花15美元买了一本故事书。pay… for sth.是固定搭配，意为“为某物付了（多少钱）”，故填for。 5．句意：她的朋友Lucy向她借了这本书。 本文描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填ask的过去式asked。 6．句意：一个月后，Jane让Lucy把书还回来。tell sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“告诉某人做某事”，故填to give。 7．句意：然而Lucy至今都没还，也拒绝给出任何解释。前文说“告诉她还书”，后文说“至今没还”，前后是转折关系。空格后有逗号，所以不能填连词but，只能用副词however。位于句首需首字母大写，故填However。 8．句意：她哥哥说老师或许能帮她。动词help后接人称代词宾格，故填she的宾格her。 9．句意：但她拿不定主意，要不要把这件事告诉老师。情态动词can’t后接动词原形，故填decide原形。 10．句意：你能给Jane提一些有用的建议吗？修饰名词advice需用形容词，故填help的形容词helpful。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Same or Different 主 题 词 汇 1. _______________ 比较；对比 2. _______________ 害羞的 3. _______________ 懒惰的；懒洋洋的 4. _______________ 响亮地；大声的 5. _______________ 外向的 6. _______________ 勤奋的 7. _______________ 外表；露面 8. _______________ 性格；品质 9. _______________ 苗条的；薄的 10. _______________ 平均的；平常的 11. _______________ 宜人的；友好的 12. _______________ 相像的；相似地 13. _______________ 业余爱好；兴趣；使感兴趣 14. _______________ 差异 15. _______________ 理解力；感觉 16. _______________ 幽默；幽默感 17. _______________ 坦率的；简单的 18. _______________ 看法；意见 19. _______________ 坦诚的；诚实的 20. _______________ 率直的；直接的 21. _______________ 相似之处 22. _______________ 友谊；友情 23. _______________ 人物；个性 24. _______________ 交换 短 语 1. ________________……与……比较 2. ________________有共同之处 3.________________与……不同 4.________________.…的人口 5.________________闲逛 6.________________因为, 由于 7.________________ 鼓励某人做某事 8.________________音乐节 9.________________ 害怕某物 10.________________解决问题 11.________________通过做某事来。。。 12.________________ 吹奏中国长笛 13.________________ 赢得一等奖 14. ________________起床 15.________________ 参加 16.________________ 努力工作/学习 17.________________像.......一样...... 18.________________空闲时间 19. ________________在某人的空闲时间 20.________________ 像镜子一样 21.________________ 在其他方面 22.________________稍微；有点 23.________________ 幽默感 24.________________ 害怕做某事 25.________________ 组成一个很棒的团队 26.________________ 归功于；由于；因为 27.________________与……相似 28.________________ 别的任何人 29.________________ 犯错误 30.________________ 偶然；意外地 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 1. , Ella or Emma? 谁跳舞跳得更好,埃拉还是埃玛? 2. I'm Ella. And she is me. 我比埃拉更安静一些。而她比我更有趣。 3. ! 我们的荣幸! 4. The population of Vancouver of Guangzhou in 2024. 2024年,温哥华的人口比广州多。 5. Guangzhou has in January. It is Vancouver in January. 广州一月份的温度很宜人。它比温哥华一月份要温暖。 6. I think a good friend . 我认为一位好朋友就像一面镜子。 7. He plays badminton , so he always wins our matches. 他打羽毛球比我打得好,所以他总会赢得我们的比赛。 8. For me, friends who are different . 对我来说,(与我)不同的朋友让我变得更好。 9. He is not afraid , especially when he thinks I am . 他不怕发表他的意见,尤其是当他认为我正在犯错误的时候。 10.I am he is, but I am glad to have an honest friend. 我不像他那么坦率,但我很高兴拥有一位诚实的朋友。 11. I don't really care if my friends or me. 我真的不在乎我的朋友是与我相似还是与我不同。 12. She helps me see . 她帮助我在困难的情况下看到一线希望。 13. I know she me because she's always there to listen. 我知道她关心我,因为她总是在那里倾听。 14. A true friend and . 一位真正的朋友会向你伸出援手并且触动你的心。 15.We are always ready to help each other . 我们总是准备伸出援手,帮助彼此。 语法 形容词、副词比较级和as...as 写作 友谊 一、知识点精讲 1. compare v. 比较；对比 【详解】 ① compare A with B 把A和B作比较；compare A to B 把A比作B ② comparison n. 比较 ③ comparative adj. 比较的 【易混辨析】 compare…with…：侧重对比两者之间的异同 compare…to…：侧重比喻，将一物比作另一物 【写作佳句】 When we compare our personalities with our best friends’, we can find both similarities and differences. 当我们把自己的性格和好朋友对比时，能够找到相同点和不同点。 2. shy adj. 害羞的 【详解】 ① be shy about sth. 对某事感到害羞；be shy to do sth. 羞于做某事 ② shyness n. 害羞 ③ shyly adv. 害羞地 【写作佳句】 The shy boy becomes more active after taking part in more school performances with his classmates. 这个害羞的男孩在和同学们参加更多校园演出之后变得更加活跃。 3. outgoing adj. 外向的 【详解】 ① an outgoing person 性格外向的人 ② shy adj. 害羞的（反义词） 【写作佳句】 An outgoing student is usually more willing to share ideas and make new friends at school. 性格外向的学生通常更愿意分享想法，在学校结交新朋友。 4. hard-working adj. 勤奋的 【详解】 ① a hard-working student 勤奋的学生 ② work hard 努力学习（动词短语） ③ hard work 繁重的工作（名词短语） 【易混辨析】 hard-working：形容词，用来修饰人 work hard：动词短语，在句中充当谓语 hard work：名词短语，作主语或者宾语 【写作佳句】 Hard-working teenagers are more likely to achieve their small goals step by step in daily study. 勤奋的青少年更容易在日常学习中一步步实现自己的小目标。 5. solve v. 解决；解答 【详解】 ① solve problems 解决问题；solve puzzles 解答谜题 ② solution n. 解决办法 【写作佳句】 We should communicate with our partners patiently so that we can work together to solve difficult problems. 我们应当耐心和搭档沟通，这样才能合作解决难题。 6. attend v. 参加；出席 【详解】 ① attend school 上学；attend a meeting / show 出席会议/演出 【易混辨析】 attend：出席会议、典礼、课程 join：加入某个团体、组织 take part in：参与各类活动、比赛 【写作佳句】 More than fifty students will attend the school talent show and show their different skills this Friday afternoon. 超过五十名学生会参加本周五下午的校园才艺秀，展示各自不同的特长。 7. besides prep. 除……之外（还） adv. 而且 【详解】 【易混辨析】 besides：除……之外还有，包含后面提到的对象 except：除……之外，不包含后面提到的对象 【写作佳句】 Besides learning English at school, many students choose to watch English movies in their free time. 除了在校学习英语，很多学生选择在空闲时间观看英文电影。 8. spare adj. 空闲的；备用的 v. 抽出；拨出 【详解】 ① spare time 空闲时间；spare sth. for sb. 为某人腾出某物 【写作佳句】 If you have some spare time this weekend, you can read books about different personalities of famous people. 如果你这周末有空余时间，可以阅读讲述名人不同性格的书籍。 9. pleasure n. 乐事；愉快；荣幸 【详解】 ① It’s my pleasure. 乐意效劳 ② pleasant adj. 令人愉快的 ③ pleased adj. 感到开心的 【易混辨析】 pleasure：名词，愉快、乐事 pleasant：形容词，修饰事物，令人愉悦的 pleased：形容词，修饰人，感到愉快的 【写作佳句】 It is a great pleasure for us to talk about our hobbies and share interesting stories with close friends. 和好友谈论爱好、分享趣事对我们来说是一件十分愉快的事。 10. expect v. 预料；期待 【详解】 ① expect to do sth. 期待做某事；expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 ② expectation n. 期待 【写作佳句】 I expect that we can find more similarities when we communicate with our new classmates. 我期待在和新同学交流时，能够发现更多彼此的共同点。 11. serious adj. 严肃的；严重的 【详解】 ① be serious about sth. 认真对待某事 ② seriously adv. 严肃地；严重地 【写作佳句】 Everyone should be serious about their schoolwork and try their best to make progress every day. 每个人都应当认真对待学业，尽力每天取得进步。 12. difference n. 差异 【详解】 ① be different from 与……不同；make a difference 产生影响 ② different adj. 不同的 ③ differently adv. 不同地 【写作佳句】 We should respect the differences between people and learn from each other’s strong points. 我们应当尊重人与人之间的差异，互相取长补短。 13. honest adj. 坦诚的；诚实的 【详解】 ① be honest with sb. 对某人坦诚 ② honesty n. 诚实 ③ dishonest adj. 不诚实的 【写作佳句】 An honest boy will always tell the truth when he makes mistakes and try to correct them actively. 诚实的男孩犯错后总会说出真相，并主动努力改正。 14. similarity n. 相似之处 【详解】 ① be similar to 与……相似 ② similar adj. 相似的 【写作佳句】 You can find many similarities between good friends, such as the same hobbies and opinions. 你可以发现好朋友之间存在许多相似点，例如相同的爱好与看法。 重点短语精讲 1. as ... as … 像……一样…… 【详解】 ① 中间使用形容词或副词原级；not as/so … as 不如…… 【写作佳句】 My best friend is as outgoing and hard-working as me, so we get along very well. 我最好的朋友和我一样外向、勤奋，所以我们相处得十分融洽。 2. have sth in common 有共同之处 【详解】 ① have a lot in common 有许多共同点；have nothing in common 毫无共同点 【写作佳句】 Although we look quite different, we have many hobbies and ideas in common. 尽管我们长相差别很大，但我们拥有许多共同的爱好和想法。 3. thanks to 归功于；由于；因为 【详解】 【易混辨析】 thanks to：多含褒义，多亏、归功于 because of：中性词，因为，后接名词或短语 【写作佳句】 Thanks to my deskmate’s advice, I found many differences between the two articles quickly. 多亏同桌的建议，我很快找出了这两篇文章之间的多处不同。 4. make a mistake 犯错误 【详解】 ① make mistakes 犯错（复数形式） 【写作佳句】 Don’t be afraid to make a mistake when comparing your ideas with other students. 当你和其他同学对比想法时，不要害怕犯错。 5. care about 关心；担心 【详解】 ① care for 照顾；喜欢 【写作佳句】 True friends will care about your feelings when you meet trouble in daily life. 真正的朋友会在你日常生活遇到困境时关心你的感受。 6. lend (sb) a hand 帮助（某人） 【详解】 ① 同义短语：give sb. a hand 【写作佳句】 If you cannot solve this difficult problem alone, your classmates will gladly lend you a hand. 如果你无法独自解决这道难题，同学们会乐意伸出援手。 二、核心语法精讲 1.形容词和副词原级的用法 形容词原级的用法 1.说明人或物自身的特征、性质或状态 The flowers are beautiful. 2.被 very,so,too,enough,quite 等修饰时 very tall old enough 3.A…as…as B A 和 B 一样… A…not as(so)…as B A 不如 B … English is as interesting as Chinese. This book is not as new as that one. 4.A…+倍数+as…as B A 是 B 的…倍 Our school is three times as big as theirs. 2.形容词和副词比较级的用法 ①形容词/副词的比较级＋than， 如：He runs faster than Lucy. 他比露西跑得快。 ②倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than， 如：His house is twice bigger than mine. 他家比我家大两倍。 ③the＋形容词的比较级＋of the two＋复数名词，“两者中较……的一个”， 如：He is the taller of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中个子较高的那个。 ④“形容词/副词的比较级＋and＋形容词/副词的比较级”或“more and more＋多音节形容词原级/副词的原级”，“越来越……”， 如：As summer is coming， the day is becoming longer and longer. 夏天到了，白天变得越来越长。 ⑤the＋形容词/副词的比较级，the＋形容词/副词的比较级，“越……，就越……”， 如：The harder you work， the greater progress you will make. 你工作越努力，取得的进步就越大。 ⑥a/an＋形容词的比较级＋名词单数/代词one，“一个更……的”， 如：The dress is a little big for me， so I want to change it for a smaller one. 这条裙子对我来说有点儿大，所以我想换条小的。 ⑦修饰比较级的词有much， even， far， a little， twice， many times， a bit， rather等， 如：It’s even hotter today. 今天更热了。 1.形容词和副词比较级的规则变化 规则变化 原级 比较级 1.直接+er fast faster 2.e结尾，+r late later 3.辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i加er busy busier 4.重读闭音节，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写尾 字母，再加er big bigger 5.多音节和部分双音节，形容词前加more careful more careful 2.形容词和副词比较级的不规则变化 不规则变化 原级 比较级 不规则变化 原级 比较级 两好 good/well better 一远 far farther 两坏 bad/badly worse further 两多 many/much more 一老 old older 一少 little less elder 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元话题 Same or different（相同与差异），属于人与自我、人与社会主题语境。常考写作任务：介绍自己与朋友的异同、谈谈对人与人之间差异的看法、是否应该拿自己和他人比较。 写作核心：准确使用人物性格类词汇，熟练运用 be similar to、be different from、have…in common 等短语，恰当使用形容词比较级，表达对异同的理解与感悟。 写作体裁以记叙文、议论文为主，词数多为80‑100词。 2. 写作框架 开头：总起，点明朋友身份，总述人与人既有相同之处，也存在差异。 中间：分层叙述你与好友的相同点、性格爱好方面的不同点，结合生活小细节。 结尾：抒发感悟，接纳差异，点明友谊不需要完全一模一样。 >逻辑句式参考： >开头：Everyone is special. My best friend and I have both similarities and differences. >中间：We have a lot in common. However, we are different in many ways. >结尾：It’s our differences that make our friendship more wonderful. 3. 写作素材 ✅核心单词（性格&品质） outgoing adj.外向的 shy adj.害羞的 lazy adj.懒惰的 honest adj.诚实的 similar adj.相似的 different adj.不同的 humorous adj.幽默的 hard‑working adj.勤奋的 similarity n.相似之处 difference n.差异 personality n.性格 opinion n.看法 ✅核心短语 1. have a lot in common 有很多共同之处 2. be similar to 与……相似 3. be different from 与……不同 4. compare…with… 把……和……作比较 5. a sense of humor 幽默感 6. care about 关心；在意 7. make a mistake 犯错误 8. thanks to 归功于；由于 ✅高分句型 1. My best friend and I have a lot in common though we have different personalities. 我和我最好的朋友性格不同，却有很多共同点。 2. I am more outgoing while my friend prefers to stay quiet. 我更加外向，而我的朋友更喜欢安静。 3. There is no need for friends to be exactly the same. 朋友没有必要完全一模一样。 4. Thanks to our differences, we can learn a great deal from each other. 多亏了我们之间的差异，我们可以互相学到很多。 5. We shouldn’t always compare ourselves with others. 我们不应该总是拿自己和别人作比较。 4. 范文背诵 Everyone is special. My best friend Lisa and I have both similarities and differences. We have a lot in common. We both enjoy reading and have a good sense of humor. However, we are different in many ways. I am more outgoing while Lisa is a little shy. I like taking part in different activities, but she prefers to stay quiet. There is no need for friends to be the same. Thanks to our differences, we can learn much from one another. Our differences make our friendship more wonderful. 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Many students make ________ (compare) between themselves and their classmates. 2. Her ________ (shy) stops her from speaking in public. 3. Too much ________ (lazy) will lead to failure in study. 4. The film is full of ________ (humour) stories and makes us laugh. 5. The ________ (appear) of the old building has changed a lot. 6. He is ________ (interest) in the differences between local cultures. 7. We can find many ________ (similar) between the two paintings. 8. His ________ (honest) wins respect from all his friends. 9. Tom is ________ (slim) than he was two years ago. 10. This hotel is ________ (pleasant) than that one for travellers. 二、单词拼写 1. It is impolite to ________ (比较) yourself with others all the time. 2. The girl is too ________ (害羞的) to express her ideas in class. 3. No one likes the ________ (懒惰的) boy who never finishes his work. 4. My deskmate is an ________ (外向的) girl with lots of friends. 5. What’s your ________ (看法) about this social problem? 6. The ________ (差异) between the two traditions is easy to see. 7. Books can improve our ________ (理解力) of the world. 8. We value ________ (友谊) more than anything else. 9. The ________ (性格) of the main character attracts lots of readers. 10. We had a pleasant ________ (交换) of ideas at the meeting. 11. He is ________ (坦率的) and always tells us the truth. 12. The ________ (平均的) age of the team members is 20. 13. I have no ________ (兴趣) in playing online games. 14. The actor’s ________ (外表) surprised all the audience. 15. People admire him for his ________ (诚实). 三、完成句子 1. 不要把你的生活和别人的生活作比较。 Don’t ________________________ others’ lives. 2. 这对双胞胎有很多共同之处，他们都喜欢绘画。 The twins ________________________; both of them love painting. 3. 这个方案和那个旧方案不一样，它有很多新特点。 This plan ________________________ the old one. It has many new features. 4. 多亏老师们的帮助，他取得了很大进步。 ________________________ the teachers’ help, he has made great progress. 5. 这两件外套彼此很相似，款式几乎一模一样。 The two coats ________________________ each other. Their styles are almost the same. 6. 别害怕，每个人都会犯错误。 Don’t be afraid. Everyone will ________________________. 7. 你应当真正关心你好朋友的感受。 You should truly ________________________ your good friends’ feelings. 8. 老师们经常鼓励我们勇敢表达自己的观点。 Teachers often ________________________ express our opinions bravely. 9. 他害怕在公众面前讲话，所以保持沉默。 He ________________________ speak in public, so he kept silent. 10. 生活中我们会遇到各种困难，但总能看见一线光明。 We may meet all kinds of difficulties in life, but we can always see ________________________. 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （25-26八年级上·吉林长春·阶段检测）阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号内所给单词的适当形式。 In a middle school, two friends, Mia and Lucy, have always supported each other 1 a year ago. They reminded one another to feel free 2 (share) their ideas in class. At the 3 (begin) of the year, Mia struggled with her math 4 often was awake at night, worrying about her grades. So Lucy came to lend her a hand. They spent many evenings studying together, sharing notes, and discussing difficult questions. 5 Lucy’s encouragement, Mia has gained confidence and improved her skills in math. 6 (recent), they both have faced challenges, like 7 (ill) and stress from exams, but they have learned to overcome these difficulties together. Because of their friendship, they believe that they 8 to those people who are very lucky. Now, as the school year ends, Mia has 9 (make) great progress in her studies. She has become a more confident student, and both friends are 10 (excite) about their future together. Passage 2 （25-26八年级上·浙江金华·阶段检测）We can’t always stay happy all the time. Sometimes we will be in bad spirits. What may make our 1 (feeling) good or bad? It can be colors, weather, noise and so on. It can also be people around us. Take Jane as 2 example. Jane is a shy girl and interested in 3 (read). But she is in trouble these days. Jane paid 15 dollars 4 a storybook last month. She saved the 15 dollars for almost half a year. She really enjoyed reading it. Her friend Lucy 5 (ask) Jane to lend the book to her. One month later, Jane told Lucy 6 (give) her back the book. 7 , Lucy hasn’t given it back until now and she refused to explain. Jane doesn’t know what to do now, but she knows she doesn’t want to lose her only friend. Her elder brother said their teacher could help 8 (she). Now she can’t 9 (decide) whether to tell her teacher about it. Can you give Jane some 10 (help) advice? I hope Jane can solve the problem soon. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $