专题01 Units 1～2（词汇综合练）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦高中英语Units 1~2词汇综合运用，通过多维度题型构建"基础变形-语境应用-语篇理解"的递进训练体系，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单句语法填空|30题|考查词性转换、时态语态等|从单词基础变形到语法规则应用，构建词汇形态变化逻辑| |单词拼写|10题|汉译英词汇精准拼写|强化词汇音形义联系，夯实基础词汇储备| |完成句子|10题|短语搭配与句式结构|衔接词汇与语境，培养词汇在句子层面的应用能力| |语篇语法填空|2篇|语篇中综合语法词汇运用|从单句到语篇，实现词汇在语境中的逻辑连贯| |阅读理解|2篇|词汇在语篇中的理解辨析|提升词汇在真实语境中的理解与思维分析能力|

专题01 Units 1~2（词汇综合练） （建议用时：60分钟） 一、单句语法填空 二、根据汉语意思写出单词的正确形式 三、完成句子 四、语篇语法填空 五、阅读理解 一、单句语法填空 1．Errors are unavoidable incidents in the course of (science) research. 2．While he held the notion that (object) reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. 3．After graduation from college, I (gradual) adapted myself to living on my own. 4．Since they insist on (go), we’ll simply push the boat with the current and let them go with us. 5．We finally drew a reasonable (conclude) after a long discussion. 6．From his sad expression, we (infer) that he had failed the important exam. 7．Among these (remark) items, one is an undisputed favorite: the Rabbit God, a traditional divine figure with a rabbit’s head and a human body, which has firmly established itself as one of the store’s most sought-after souvenirs. 8．He (acknowledge) that he had made a mistake in the planning. 9．He is (academic) qualified for the position, though he lacks practical experience. 10． (commit) his whole life to studying hybrid rice and serving the people, Yuan Longping wins much praise and respect both at home and abroad. 11．The film is (surprise) and it has won many international awards. 12．At that time, the government (insist) that the matter should be solved in a peaceful way, not by violence. 13．Teachers are making efforts (analyse) the current situation, cultivating students’ spirit of innovation and practical ability. 14．Not just the young volunteers but also their team leader (devote) most of their spare time to helping the elderly learn basic digital skills in the community center since last year. 15．The Frangipani family （apparent) turned the structure into a castle. 16．He advocated that we should avoid some potential online dangers, not leak our own private information and pay attention to online (secure). 17．He likes to surf the Internet rather than do anything else because playing computer is his (prefer). 18．The strategy was designed to wear down the enemy’s (resist). 19．Income, education and (occupy) all play a part in determining a person’s smoking habit. 20．In a (distance) country in Africa, he found his root. 21．It’s great for women to have their children and jobs (combine). 22．The boy promised to his teacher, “As to the lessons to be missed during my (absent), I’ll try to make them up as soon as I get back from leave.” 23．The version laid out the rules, and placed great (emphasize) on sportsmanship and correct behaviour similar to modern golf. 24．When applying for a passport, you will be required to fill in a form with details of your birth and (occupy). 25．It is (normal) for a child to refuse to eat any vegetables at all. 26．Ever since then, Yang (integrate) traditional techniques with modern applications creatively, designing patterns for contemporary items. 27．Whatever it is, try to write it down before you arrive. It will be interesting to compare these (predict) to what you have actually experienced. 28．Successfully (persuade) David not to quit/out of quitting the cross-country race, I sighed a smile of relief. 29．Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They (move) on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. 30．It is suggested that the experiment (repeat) three times to ensure accuracy. 二、单词拼写 31．Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous ___________.(结果) 32．Newton is usually __________(承认) to be one of the most outstanding scientists in the world. 33．The ________ (理论) supposes the existence of life on other planets. 34．I’m surprised to find out that the boy has an ________ (非凡的) memory. 35．Her ________ (热情) for dancing never dimmed over the years. 36．Believing in the broad development prospects of our countries and the vast ______ (潜) of our cooperation, we have full confidence in the future of BRICS. 37．You are most likely to keep your weight down if you include walking into your daily_______（常规）. 38．Can you explain the reason for your ________ (缺席) from school? 39．Your teacher can give you guidance on choosing a ______________(事业) and writing a job application. 40．The weather ________ (预报) says that it is going to be warm tomorrow. 三、完成句子 41．通过使用更低的温度萃取提取物后，她发现了一种有效物质。 Using a lower temperature to ________ ________ the extract, she found a substance that worked. 42．四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，进入大学全职研究。 After four years, he was able to _______ _______ _______ at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. 43．他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭电击似的竖起来。 He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes _______ _______ _______ as though he had just received an electric shock. 44．她的团队研读了2000多篇的中医药古籍（古方），评估了28万种植物的药学属性。 Her team examined over 2000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their ______ ______. 45．一方面，世界上有许多不同群体的人，在没有新技术的情况下依然过着幸福的生活。 On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily _______ _______ _______ ________ new technology. 46．他们提倡简朴的生活，强调实干、家庭和社区。 They advocate a simple life _______ _______ _______ _______ hard work, family, and community. 47．她从事职业的早期就显示出了天赋，这说明了为什么现在她如此成功。 She showed talent _________ _________ in her career, which explains why she is so successful now. 48．我在武汉读书时认识了她，从那以后我一直和她保持联系。 I met her when I was studying in Wuhan, and I have __________ __________ __________ __________ her ever since. 49．从这个意义上说，制度更带根本性。 ________ ________ ________, the system is of fundamental importance. 50．我姐姐生气地走进我的房间，拿起遥控器关掉了电视。 My sister walked into my room angrily, picked up the remote control and ________ ________ the television. 四、语法填空 （25-26高二上·湖南长沙·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tu Youyou, a 1 (commit) and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo on 30 December 1930. After graduating from Peking University Medical School, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. She joined a team of scientists 2 the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria in 1967. Two years later, she 3 (appoint) head of the project and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts 4 (find) traditional botanical treatments for the disease. One medical text from the fourth century suggested 5 (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team did experiment after experiment and 6 (final) found a substance by lowering the temperature to draw out the extract. After many 7 (failure), they at last found artemisinin, 8 soon became a standard treatment for malaria. So far it 9 (save) hundreds of thousands of lives worldwide. For this, Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. It is indeed 10 honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. （25-26高二下·云南文山·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the near future, life is filled with amazing wonders. 1 the sun rises, cars soar through the sky applying anti-gravity technology, creating a breathtaking sight against the morning hues. People wear special glasses that combine virtual and real worlds, immersing themselves in a world of endless 2 (possibility). Mornings are a delight as the delicious breakfast takes center stage. Helpful robots with advanced AI offer assistance gracefully. Transportation has become super fast with hyper loop trains that travel through tunnels 3 incredible speeds, sending passengers to their destinations in mere minutes. As twilight sets in, streets come alive with holographic (全息的) displays 4 (show) art and ads. Homes 5 (equip) with voice-controlled devices for lighting and temperature. Entertainment is immersive with virtual reality games 6 players can fight or explore other worlds, offering thrilling experiences. Deep underground, hidden laboratories are making 7 (consistency) scientific breakthroughs, pushing the boundaries of knowledge and unraveling the mysteries of the universe. Yet among these technological wonders, the core of humanity 8 (remain) unchanged. Families gather around tables, sharing laughter and stories, cherishing the bonds that connect them. As the day draws to 9 close, the city transforms into a breathtaking symphony (交响乐) of neon lights. Tomorrow holds infinite potentials as humanity tends 10 (push) the boundaries of scientific achievement, keeping on new frontiers of discovery with strong curiosity that knows no bounds. 五、阅读理解 （25-26高二上·陕西榆林·期中）James Watson is a great American geneticist and biophysicist. He was born on April 6 in 1928 in Chicago. As a child, he loved bird-watching with his father. He attended the University of Chicago, earning a degree in zoology in 1947. During these years his boyhood interest in bird-watching had developed into a serious love for learning genetics. Watson was given a scholarship to Indiana University where he received his doctorate in 1950. Watson then moved to Copenhagen, continuing with his research. He became interested in the DNA molecule (分子) and joined a research team at the Cavendish Laboratory of the University of Cambridge with Francis Crick. Here, Watson made his famous discovery recognizing the double helix structure (双螺旋结构) of DNA． He became a professor of biology at Harvard University in 1955, a job he held until 1976. His research at Harvard zeroed in on RNA and its role in passing on genetic information, uncovering RNA’s function in gene expression. He also became the director of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York in 1968, a job that he held for 35 years. Watson turned the lab into a world center for research in molecular biology. Watson fixed his research at the lab on exploring molecular biology and genetics in order to advance the understanding and ability to recognize human diseases, and other causes of human suffering. Watson got worldwide fame as the co-author of four scientific papers between 1953 and 1954 that laid down the double helix structure of DNA．This discovery won him the Nobel Prize in 1962. During the 1960s, Watson became one of the most celebrated science writers, when he published his textbook Molecular Biology of the Gene in 1965 and his best-seller The Double Helix in 1968. Watson became the unquestioned leading voice in the whole of American science. He is a good example of the scientific creativity in 20th-century science, giving rise to molecular biology and two ways it has been put to use: biotechnology and the “Human Genome Project”. 1．When did James Watson get his second degree? A．After he became a professor. B．After he moved to Copenhagen. C．When he was about 22 years old. D．When he studied in the University of Chicago. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “zeroed in on”? A．Concentrated on. B．Gave up. C．Switched off. D．Lived off. 3．What can we know about James Watson? A．He only focused on DNA structure research. B．He was good at both science and writing. C．His books didn’t gain popularity. D．He never won the Nobel Prize for DNA research. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare different fields of science. B．To encourage readers to study genetics. C．To explain the importance of DNA double helix. D．To introduce James Watson’s life and achievements. （25-26高二下·山东枣庄·期末）Science fiction is gradually turning into reality. Researchers at Zhejiang University have developed stable self-luminous (自发光) plants, a sustainable technology that brings new possibilities for ecological construction and urban development. The study originated from a scientific inquiry. Unlike some animals and tiny living creatures that can produce light naturally, common plants lack the ability of self-luminescence. Earlier attempts to create glowing plants had obvious limitations. Firefly-gene-based systems needed expensive external chemicals and only produced weak light, while bacterial luminescence tools limited plant growth and applied to few plant species. To overcome these drawbacks, the team drew on the luminescence mechanism of glowing mushrooms and achieved a key breakthrough. They introduced four optimized enzyme (酶) genes into plant genomes. Relying on caffeic acid (咖啡酸), a natural substance in nearly all plants, the plants can produce green light through enzymatic reactions. The reaction products can be recycled into caffeic acid, allowing continuous and stable luminescence without extra energy or chemical input, and it will not affect normal plant growth. To improve brightness and stability, the team put forward a “supply increase and loss reduction” approach. They built a new biological pathway to generate more light-generating materials and adopted machine-learning analysis to block internal biological reactions that consume caffeic acid. The upgraded second-generation plants are over 20 times brighter than the original versions, and removed leaves can remain luminous for three days, marking a major practical breakthrough. This innovative technology has wide application prospects. It converts solar energy into biological light with extremely low energy consumption, promising to replace part of traditional lighting and cut power waste. It can also be widely applied in urban landscaping and cultural tourism industries. Additionally, its stable luminous signals can support biomedical research in tracking biological changes, providing sustainable solutions for social  and scientific development. 1．What can be inferred about the earlier attempts from paragraph 2? A．Successful. B．High-efficient. C．Fruitless. D．Ineffective. 2．What determines the stability of light-generating? A．The supplies of caffeic acid. B．The time of enzymatic reactions. C．The input of external chemicals. D．The quality of enzyme in plants. 3．What did the researchers do to cut down the consumption of caffeic acid? A．Reduce the amount of plant leaves. B．Stop some natural processes in plants. C．Select high-quality plant species. D．Use genetic engineering technology. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about concerning the new technology? A．Its appeal to the public. B．Expectations for future studies. C．Its future applications. D．The environmental benefits. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 Units 1~2（词汇综合练） （建议用时：60分钟） 一、单句语法填空 二、根据汉语意思写出单词的正确形式 三、完成句子 四、语篇语法填空 五、阅读理解 一、单句语法填空 1．Errors are unavoidable incidents in the course of (science) research. 【答案】scientific 【详解】句意：错误是科学研究过程中不可避免的事件。空格处修饰名词“research”，应用形容词形式。“science”的形容词为“scientific”，意为“科学的”。 2．While he held the notion that (object) reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. 【答案】objective 【详解】句意：虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他表示我们的大脑在构建和形成我们的感知方面发挥着必不可少的作用。名词reality前需用形容词作定语，名词object的形容词形式是objective，表示“客观的”。 3．After graduation from college, I (gradual) adapted myself to living on my own. 【答案】gradually 【详解】句意：大学毕业后，我逐渐使自己适应独立生活。本空修饰谓语动词adapted，在句中作状语，要用副词gradually。 4．Since they insist on (go), we’ll simply push the boat with the current and let them go with us. 【答案】going 【详解】句意：既然他们坚持要去，那我们就顺水推舟，让他们随我们一起去吧。on是介词，空格处用动名词作宾语。 5．We finally drew a reasonable (conclude) after a long discussion. 【答案】conclusion 【详解】句意：经过长时间讨论，我们最终得出了合理的结论。形容词reasonable后应接名词，conclude的名词形式为conclusion，表示“结论”，在句中作宾语；draw a conclusion是固定短语，意为“得出结论”。 6．From his sad expression, we (infer) that he had failed the important exam. 【答案】inferred 【详解】句意：从他悲伤的表情中，我们推断出他没能通过那场重要的考试。宾语从句使用了过去完成时，主句应用一般过去时，此处使用动词过去式inferred。 7．Among these (remark) items, one is an undisputed favorite: the Rabbit God, a traditional divine figure with a rabbit’s head and a human body, which has firmly established itself as one of the store’s most sought-after souvenirs. 【答案】remarkable 【详解】句意：在这些引人注目的物品中，有一个是无可争议的宠儿：兔儿爷——一个传统的兔首人身神祇形象，它已稳稳确立了自己作为店里最受欢迎的纪念品之一的地位。空处需填形容词remarkable，作定语修饰名词items，表示“非凡的、引人注目的”。 8．He (acknowledge) that he had made a mistake in the planning. 【答案】acknowledged 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他承认自己在规划中犯了一个错误。分析句子可知，空格处为主句谓语动词；从句使用过去完成时had made，表示动作发生在“承认”之前，因此主句应用一般过去时。acknowledge的过去式为acknowledged。故填acknowledged。 9．He is (academic) qualified for the position, though he lacks practical experience. 【答案】academically 【详解】考查副词。句意：他在学术上能胜任这个职位，尽管缺乏实际经验。空处需填副词修饰形容词qualified，副词academically表示“学术上”，符合句意。故填academically。 10． (commit) his whole life to studying hybrid rice and serving the people, Yuan Longping wins much praise and respect both at home and abroad. 【答案】Having committed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：袁隆平毕生致力于研究杂交水稻和服务人民，赢得了国内外的高度赞扬和尊重。根据句子结构可知，此处位于句首作状语，且“commit”这一动作发生在主句谓语动词“wins”之前，表示“先致力于……，然后赢得……”，强调动作的先后顺序，故应用现在分词的完成式“having done”结构；commit的过去分词为committed，句首首字母大写。故填Having committed。 11．The film is (surprise) and it has won many international awards. 【答案】surprising 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这部电影令人惊讶，它赢得了许多国际奖项。本空作表语，修饰主语the film（指物），用-ing结尾的形容词surprising“令人惊讶的”，作表语。故填surprising。 12．At that time, the government (insist) that the matter should be solved in a peaceful way, not by violence. 【答案】insisted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当时，政府坚持要求这件事应该用和平的方式解决，而不是通过暴力。句中时间状语At that time表示过去的时间，主句谓语动词需用一般过去时，此处主句谓语动词insist的过去式为insisted。故填insisted。 13．Teachers are making efforts (analyse) the current situation, cultivating students’ spirit of innovation and practical ability. 【答案】to analyse 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：教师们正在努力分析当前的形势，培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。句中make efforts to do sth为固定短语，意为“做出努力去做某事”。故填to analyse。 14．Not just the young volunteers but also their team leader (devote) most of their spare time to helping the elderly learn basic digital skills in the community center since last year. 【答案】has devoted 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自去年以来，不仅是年轻志愿者们，他们的团队负责人也把大部分业余时间都奉献在社区中心，帮助老年人学习基本的数字技能。句中的since last year作时间状语，时态要用现在完成时。主语their team leader(他们的团队负责人)是单数名词，和谓语动词devote(奉献)是主动关系，要用has+过去分词。故填has devoted。 15．The Frangipani family （apparent) turned the structure into a castle. 【答案】apparently 【详解】考查副词。句意：Frangipani家族显然把这座建筑变成了一座城堡。此处作状语，修饰动词turned，故应用副词“apparently显然地”。故填apparently. 16．He advocated that we should avoid some potential online dangers, not leak our own private information and pay attention to online (secure). 【答案】security 【详解】句意：他主张我们应当避免一些潜在的网络危险，不要泄露我们自己的个人信息，并且要注意网络安全。 此处作介词online的宾语，需要使用名词。括号内secure是形容词，意为“安全的”；其名词形式 security表示“安全”。 17．He likes to surf the Internet rather than do anything else because playing computer is his (prefer). 【答案】preference 【详解】句意：他喜欢上网而不愿做别的事，因为玩电脑是他的偏好。根据前面的物主代词his可知应填名词形式preference，意为“偏爱，偏好”，作表语。 18．The strategy was designed to wear down the enemy’s (resist). 【答案】resistance 【详解】句意：该策略旨在消磨敌人的抵抗意志。本空位于名词所有格enemy’s后面，需要用名词作wear down的宾语。resist的名词形式为resistance“抵抗，反抗”。 19．Income, education and (occupy) all play a part in determining a person’s smoking habit. 【答案】occupation 【详解】句意：收入、教育以及职业，都会对一个人的吸烟习惯产生影响。and并列三个名词：Income（收入）、education（教育）、occupation（职业）共同作主语。occupy名词形式为occupation“职业”，符合语境。 20．In a (distance) country in Africa, he found his root. 【答案】distant 【详解】句意：在非洲一个遥远的国度，他找到了自己的根源。修饰名词country用形容词distant，作定语。 21．It’s great for women to have their children and jobs (combine). 【答案】combined 【详解】考查动词。句意：把孩子和工作结合在一起对女性来说是件好事。 have接复合宾语，combine作宾语补足语，与宾语children and jobs是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动。故填combined。 22．The boy promised to his teacher, “As to the lessons to be missed during my (absent), I’ll try to make them up as soon as I get back from leave.” 【答案】absence 【详解】句意：这个男孩向他的老师承诺：“至于我不在期间要落下的功课，我一休假回来就会尽力补上。”本空作介词during的宾语，用名词absence，表示“不在、缺席”。 23．The version laid out the rules, and placed great (emphasize) on sportsmanship and correct behaviour similar to modern golf. 【答案】emphasis 【详解】句意：该版本规定了规则，并强调体育精神和正确行为，类似于现代高尔夫。作动词的宾语，用名词emphasis，构成place emphasis on表示“强调”。 24．When applying for a passport, you will be required to fill in a form with details of your birth and (occupy). 【答案】occupation 【详解】句意：申请护照时，你需要填写一张表格，写明你的出生信息和职业。空格处与birth并列，作介词of的宾语，需使用名词，occupy的名词形式为occupation，表示“职业”。 25．It is (normal) for a child to refuse to eat any vegetables at all. 【答案】abnormal 【详解】句意：一个孩子完全拒绝吃任何蔬菜是不正常的。结合常识，‌“孩子完全拒绝吃任何蔬菜”是不正常的情况，故用提示词normal(正常的)的反义词abnormal(不正常的)作表语。 26．Ever since then, Yang (integrate) traditional techniques with modern applications creatively, designing patterns for contemporary items. 【答案】has integrated 【详解】句意：从那以后，杨一直创造性地将传统技艺与现代应用相结合，为当代物品设计纹样。此处为谓语动词，Ever since then为现在完成时标志，主语Yang为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为has integrated。 27．Whatever it is, try to write it down before you arrive. It will be interesting to compare these (predict) to what you have actually experienced. 【答案】predictions 【详解】考查名词。句意：不管是什么，在你到达之前尽量把它写下来。把这些预测和你实际经历的事情做比较会很有趣。根据空前的指示代词these可知，此处应用predict的名词复数形式predictions作compare的宾语，意为“预测”，“compare these predictions to...”表示“把这些预测与……进行比较”，符合语境。故填predictions。 28．Successfully (persuade) David not to quit/out of quitting the cross-country race, I sighed a smile of relief. 【答案】persuading 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：成功地说服大卫不要退出越野赛，我微笑着松了一口气。非谓语动词persuade和主语I是逻辑主谓关系，persuade用现在分词形式作状语。故填persuading。 29．Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They (move) on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. 【答案】will be moving 【详解】考查时态。句意：工程师们正在研究一个新概念：未来的铁路无人机。它们将在火车前方的轨道上运行，并被编程为自主运行。分析句子结构可知，此处缺谓语动词，且描述的是未来的情况，强调动作的持续性，应用将来进行时will be+现在分词，故填will be moving。 30．It is suggested that the experiment (repeat) three times to ensure accuracy. 【答案】(should) be repeated 【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：建议将这个实验重复三次以确保准确性。在“It is suggested that...”结构中，that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”；且此处谓语动词repeat(重复)与主语experiment之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态“(should) be+过去分词”的形式。故填(should) be repeated。 二、单词拼写 31．Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous ___________.(结果) 【答案】consequences 【详解】句意：这样的错误可能会导致灾难性的后果。本空在句中作介词to的宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“结果”为名词consequence，空前无限定词，所以使用名词复数形式表示泛指意义。 32．Newton is usually __________(承认) to be one of the most outstanding scientists in the world. 【答案】acknowledged 【详解】句意：通常牛顿被认为是世界上最杰出的科学家之一。根据句意和汉语提示，用acknowledge作谓语，与主语Newton是被动关系，用被动语态形式，be+动词的过去分词。 33．The ________ (理论) supposes the existence of life on other planets. 【答案】theory 【详解】句意：这个理论假设其他星球上存在生命。根据汉语提示“理论”可知，空处应填入名词theory作主语。由谓语动词supposes（第三人称单数形式）可知，主语需用单数形式。 34．I’m surprised to find out that the boy has an ________ (非凡的) memory. 【答案】extraordinary 【详解】句意：我很惊讶地发现这个男孩有着非凡的记忆力。空处作定语修饰名词memory，应填形容词extraordinary，意为“非凡的”。 35．Her ________ (热情) for dancing never dimmed over the years. 【答案】passion 【详解】句意：这些年来，她对舞蹈的热情从未减退。根据汉语提示“热情”可知，空格处应填名词passion，作句子主语。 36．Believing in the broad development prospects of our countries and the vast ______ (潜) of our cooperation, we have full confidence in the future of BRICS. 【答案】potential 【详解】句意：我们相信，金砖国家发展前景广阔，合作潜力巨大，对金砖国家的未来充满信心。此处形容词vast修饰名词，故答案为potential。 37．You are most likely to keep your weight down if you include walking into your daily_______（常规）. 【答案】routine 【详解】句意：如果你把步行包括进你的生活常规，你最有可能保持你的体重下降。表示“常规”，应该用routine。故填routine。 38．Can you explain the reason for your ________ (缺席) from school? 【答案】absence 【详解】考查名词。句意：你能解释一下上学缺席的原因吗？由your修饰用名词，故填absence. 39．Your teacher can give you guidance on choosing a ______________(事业) and writing a job application. 【答案】career 【详解】句意：你的老师可以在选择事业（职业）和写求职申请方面给你指导。根据汉语提示“事业”可知，应填名词career，作动名词choosing的宾语；其前有不定冠词a修饰，故使用单数形式。 40．The weather ________ (预报) says that it is going to be warm tomorrow. 【答案】forecast 【详解】句意：天气预报说明天天气会变暖。根据汉语提示“预报”可知，此处应填名词forecast，与weather构成固定搭配weather forecast，意为“天气预报”，在句中作主语。 三、完成句子 41．通过使用更低的温度萃取提取物后，她发现了一种有效物质。 Using a lower temperature to ________ ________ the extract, she found a substance that worked. 【答案】 draw out 【详解】根据英汉意思对比可知，本题应翻译“萃取”；空前的to是动词不定式符号，其后要接动词原形，draw out表示“萃取”，符合题干要求。 42．四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，进入大学全职研究。 After four years, he was able to _______ _______ _______ at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. 【答案】 quit his job 【详解】表示“辞去工作”可用动词短语quit one’s job，was able to后接动词原形，主语是he，代词用his。 43．他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭电击似的竖起来。 He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes _______ _______ _______ as though he had just received an electric shock. 【答案】 stood on end 【详解】表示“竖起来”可用动词短语stand on end，根据主句谓语动词had可知，从句应与主句时态一致，用一般过去时，stand的过去式为stood。 44．她的团队研读了2000多篇的中医药古籍（古方），评估了28万种植物的药学属性。 Her team examined over 2000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their ______ ______. 【答案】 medical properties 【详解】表示“药学的”可用形容词medical，在句中作定语；“属性”可用可数名词property，此处指28万种植物的属性，用复数形式properties，在句中作宾语。 45．一方面，世界上有许多不同群体的人，在没有新技术的情况下依然过着幸福的生活。 On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily _______ _______ _______ ________ new technology. 【答案】 in the absence of 【详解】根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应翻译“没有”；本题要填四个单词，与new technology构成状语，in the absence of是固定短语，表示“没有”，可接名词短语构成状语，符合题干要求。 46．他们提倡简朴的生活，强调实干、家庭和社区。 They advocate a simple life _______ _______ _______ _______ hard work, family, and community. 【答案】 with an emphasis on 【详解】表示“强调”可用介词短语with an emphasis on。 47．她从事职业的早期就显示出了天赋，这说明了为什么现在她如此成功。 She showed talent _________ _________ in her career, which explains why she is so successful now. 【答案】 early on 【详解】考查固定短语。根据中英文句子可知，空处缺少“早期、职业生涯初期”的英文表达，应用副词性固定短语“early on”作状语，修饰动词showed，该短语侧重“在某事进行的早期阶段”，符合“从事职业的早期”的语义。故填①early；②on。 48．我在武汉读书时认识了她，从那以后我一直和她保持联系。 I met her when I was studying in Wuhan, and I have __________ __________ __________ __________ her ever since. 【答案】 kept in touch with 【详解】考查固定短语。分析句意可知，表示“与某人保持联系”可用固定短语keep in touch with sb，再根据ever since可知，本句的时态可用现在完成时。故答案为①kept②in③touch③with。 49．从这个意义上说，制度更带根本性。 ________ ________ ________, the system is of fundamental importance. 【答案】 In this sense 【详解】考查介词短语。空处表示“从这个意义上说”，用介词短语in this sense，句首单词的首字母应大写，故填①In；②this；③sense。 50．我姐姐生气地走进我的房间，拿起遥控器关掉了电视。 My sister walked into my room angrily, picked up the remote control and ________ ________ the television. 【答案】 switched off 【详解】考查动词。分析句子，设空处与前文的picked up构成并列，故使用一般过去时。根据汉语提示，表示“关掉”用switch off。故填switched off。 四、语法填空 （25-26高二上·湖南长沙·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tu Youyou, a 1 (commit) and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo on 30 December 1930. After graduating from Peking University Medical School, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. She joined a team of scientists 2 the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria in 1967. Two years later, she 3 (appoint) head of the project and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts 4 (find) traditional botanical treatments for the disease. One medical text from the fourth century suggested 5 (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team did experiment after experiment and 6 (final) found a substance by lowering the temperature to draw out the extract. After many 7 (failure), they at last found artemisinin, 8 soon became a standard treatment for malaria. So far it 9 (save) hundreds of thousands of lives worldwide. For this, Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. It is indeed 10 honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 【答案】 1．committed 2．with 3．was appointed 4．to find 5．using 6．finally 7．failures 8．which 9．has saved 10．an 【导语】本文主要介绍了屠呦呦作为尽责耐心的科学家，带领团队致力于疟疾新疗法研究，历经无数失败后发现青蒿素、获颁诺贝尔奖，该成果为全球抗疟事业作出巨大贡献的事迹。 1．考查形容词。句意：屠呦呦是一位敬业且耐心的科学家，1130年12月30日出生于宁波。此处修饰名词scientist，需要用形容词和patient并列作定语，commit的形容词形式committed意为“尽心尽力的、尽职的”。 2．考查介词。句意：1967年，她加入了一支科学家团队，目标是发现一种新的疟疾治疗方法。固定搭配with the objective of...表示“以……为目标”，是常用介词短语。 3．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：两年后，她被任命为该项目负责人，并决定查阅古代中医典籍，以寻找治疗该疾病的传统植物疗法。根据Two years later可知动作发生在过去，且she和appoint之间是被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处用不定式作目的状语，说明查阅古代医学文献的目的。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：四世纪的一份医学文献建议使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。此处为固定用法suggest doing sth.，意为“建议做某事”，其后需要接动名词作宾语。 6．考查副词。句意：屠呦呦的团队反复进行实验，最终通过降低温度提取提取物，发现了一种物质。此处修饰动词found，需要用副词作状语，final的副词形式finally意为“最终”。 7．考查名词。句意：经过多次失败后，他们终于发现了青蒿素，它很快成为治疗疟疾的标准疗法。根据前面的many可知后面需要接可数名词的复数形式，failure在此处表示“失败的事例”，是可数名词，复数为failures。 8．考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词artemisinin指物，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用which引导。 9．考查动词的时态。句意：迄今为止，它已在全球挽救了数十万条生命。根据时间标志词So far可知，句子要用现在完成时，主语it是单数，对应现在完成时结构has done。 10．考查冠词。句意：中国的科学研究和中医药得以传播到世界各地，确实是一份荣耀。此处为固定句式it is an honour for...to do sth.，honour的发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an。 （25-26高二下·云南文山·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the near future, life is filled with amazing wonders. 1 the sun rises, cars soar through the sky applying anti-gravity technology, creating a breathtaking sight against the morning hues. People wear special glasses that combine virtual and real worlds, immersing themselves in a world of endless 2 (possibility). Mornings are a delight as the delicious breakfast takes center stage. Helpful robots with advanced AI offer assistance gracefully. Transportation has become super fast with hyper loop trains that travel through tunnels 3 incredible speeds, sending passengers to their destinations in mere minutes. As twilight sets in, streets come alive with holographic (全息的) displays 4 (show) art and ads. Homes 5 (equip) with voice-controlled devices for lighting and temperature. Entertainment is immersive with virtual reality games 6 players can fight or explore other worlds, offering thrilling experiences. Deep underground, hidden laboratories are making 7 (consistency) scientific breakthroughs, pushing the boundaries of knowledge and unraveling the mysteries of the universe. Yet among these technological wonders, the core of humanity 8 (remain) unchanged. Families gather around tables, sharing laughter and stories, cherishing the bonds that connect them. As the day draws to 9 close, the city transforms into a breathtaking symphony (交响乐) of neon lights. Tomorrow holds infinite potentials as humanity tends 10 (push) the boundaries of scientific achievement, keeping on new frontiers of discovery with strong curiosity that knows no bounds. 【答案】 1．When/As 2．possibilities 3．at 4．showing 5．are equipped 6．where 7．consistent 8．remains 9．a 10．to push 【导语】文章描绘了拥有飞车、AI机器人、虚拟现实的高科技未来生活，科技不断突破，但人间亲情始终不变，人类将怀揣好奇持续探索科学。 1．考查状语从句。句意：当/随着太阳升起，汽车凭借反重力技术在天空中疾驰，与晨光交织出令人惊叹的美景。引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”用when或表示“随着”用as，首字母大写。 2．考查名词。句意：人们佩戴着特殊的镜片，将虚拟世界与现实世界融为一体，沉浸于无限可能之中。作宾语，用名词possibility，结合endless可知为复数。 3．考查介词。句意：交通已变得极为快捷，超环形列车以惊人的速度穿越隧道，几分钟内即可将乘客送达目的地。短语at incredible speeds表示“以惊人的速度”。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：暮色降临，街道上亮起的全息屏幕展示着艺术作品和广告。此处show与displays构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。 5．考查短语。句意：房屋配备了语音控制的照明和温度设备。短语be equipped with表示“配备”，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Homes，谓语用复数。 6．考查定语从句。句意：娱乐体验通过虚拟现实游戏实现沉浸式效果，玩家可以参与战斗或探索其他世界，带来令人兴奋的体验。引导定语从句，先行词 virtual reality games 表抽象地点，在从句作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。 7．考查形容词。句意：在深不见底的地下，隐藏着实验室，持续取得科学突破，不断拓展知识边界，揭开宇宙的奥秘。修饰名词breakthroughs用形容词consistent，作定语。 8．考查时态。句意：然而，在这些科技奇迹之中，人性的核心始终未变。主语the core of humanity是单数，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，谓语用第三人称单数形式remains。 9．考查冠词。句意：随着一天的结束，城市化作了一幅令人惊叹的霓虹灯交响乐。短语draw to a close表示“结束”。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：人类始终竭力突破科学成就的边界，怀揣永无止境的好奇心不断奔赴全新的探索前沿，因此明天蕴藏着无限可能。短语tend to do sth.表示“倾向于做某事”。 五、阅读理解 （25-26高二上·陕西榆林·期中）James Watson is a great American geneticist and biophysicist. He was born on April 6 in 1928 in Chicago. As a child, he loved bird-watching with his father. He attended the University of Chicago, earning a degree in zoology in 1947. During these years his boyhood interest in bird-watching had developed into a serious love for learning genetics. Watson was given a scholarship to Indiana University where he received his doctorate in 1950. Watson then moved to Copenhagen, continuing with his research. He became interested in the DNA molecule (分子) and joined a research team at the Cavendish Laboratory of the University of Cambridge with Francis Crick. Here, Watson made his famous discovery recognizing the double helix structure (双螺旋结构) of DNA． He became a professor of biology at Harvard University in 1955, a job he held until 1976. His research at Harvard zeroed in on RNA and its role in passing on genetic information, uncovering RNA’s function in gene expression. He also became the director of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York in 1968, a job that he held for 35 years. Watson turned the lab into a world center for research in molecular biology. Watson fixed his research at the lab on exploring molecular biology and genetics in order to advance the understanding and ability to recognize human diseases, and other causes of human suffering. Watson got worldwide fame as the co-author of four scientific papers between 1953 and 1954 that laid down the double helix structure of DNA．This discovery won him the Nobel Prize in 1962. During the 1960s, Watson became one of the most celebrated science writers, when he published his textbook Molecular Biology of the Gene in 1965 and his best-seller The Double Helix in 1968. Watson became the unquestioned leading voice in the whole of American science. He is a good example of the scientific creativity in 20th-century science, giving rise to molecular biology and two ways it has been put to use: biotechnology and the “Human Genome Project”. 1．When did James Watson get his second degree? A．After he became a professor. B．After he moved to Copenhagen. C．When he was about 22 years old. D．When he studied in the University of Chicago. 2．Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “zeroed in on”? A．Concentrated on. B．Gave up. C．Switched off. D．Lived off. 3．What can we know about James Watson? A．He only focused on DNA structure research. B．He was good at both science and writing. C．His books didn’t gain popularity. D．He never won the Nobel Prize for DNA research. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare different fields of science. B．To encourage readers to study genetics. C．To explain the importance of DNA double helix. D．To introduce James Watson’s life and achievements. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】文章主要介绍了美国遗传学家James Watson的生平经历及科学成就。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“He was born on April 6 in 1928 in Chicago.(他于1928年4月6日出生在芝加哥。)”以及“Watson was given a scholarship to Indiana University where he received his doctorate in 1950.(他就读于芝加哥大学，并于1947年获得动物学学位。多年间，他儿时观鸟的兴趣逐渐发展为对遗传学的浓厚热爱。Watson获得印第安纳大学奖学金，并于1950年取得博士学位。)”可知，他1928年出生，1950年获得博士学位（第二个学位），即1950-1928=22岁，约22岁时获得第二个学位。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“His research at Harvard zeroed in on RNA and its role in passing on genetic information, uncovering RNA's function in gene expression.(他在哈佛的研究zeroed in on RNA及其在传递遗传信息中的作用，揭示了RNA在基因表达中的功能。)”可知，他在哈佛的研究揭示了RNA在基因表达中的功能，所以研究集中于RNA及其在传递遗传信息中的作用，zeroed in on意为“集中于，专注于”，与Concentrated on意思相同。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Watson got worldwide fame as the co-author of four scientific papers between 1953 and 1954 that laid down the double helix structure of DNA. This discovery won him the Nobel Prize in 1962.(沃森因1953年至1954年间作为四篇奠定DNA双螺旋结构的科学论文的合著者而闻名世界。这一发现使他于1962年获得诺贝尔奖。)”以及“During the 1960s, Watson became one of the most celebrated science writers, when he published his textbook Molecular Biology of the Gene in 1965 and his best-seller The Double Helix in 1968.(20世纪60年代，Watson成为最著名的科学作家之一，他于1965年出版了教科书《基因的分子生物学》，1968年出版了畅销书《双螺旋》。)”可知，他既擅长科学研究又擅长写作。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，文章从James Watson的出生、求学经历、科学发现（DNA双螺旋结构）、获得诺贝尔奖、担任教授和实验室主任、出版著作等方面全面介绍了James Watson的生平与成就。故作者的写作目的是介绍James Watson的生平与成就。 （25-26高二下·山东枣庄·期末）Science fiction is gradually turning into reality. Researchers at Zhejiang University have developed stable self-luminous (自发光) plants, a sustainable technology that brings new possibilities for ecological construction and urban development. The study originated from a scientific inquiry. Unlike some animals and tiny living creatures that can produce light naturally, common plants lack the ability of self-luminescence. Earlier attempts to create glowing plants had obvious limitations. Firefly-gene-based systems needed expensive external chemicals and only produced weak light, while bacterial luminescence tools limited plant growth and applied to few plant species. To overcome these drawbacks, the team drew on the luminescence mechanism of glowing mushrooms and achieved a key breakthrough. They introduced four optimized enzyme (酶) genes into plant genomes. Relying on caffeic acid (咖啡酸), a natural substance in nearly all plants, the plants can produce green light through enzymatic reactions. The reaction products can be recycled into caffeic acid, allowing continuous and stable luminescence without extra energy or chemical input, and it will not affect normal plant growth. To improve brightness and stability, the team put forward a “supply increase and loss reduction” approach. They built a new biological pathway to generate more light-generating materials and adopted machine-learning analysis to block internal biological reactions that consume caffeic acid. The upgraded second-generation plants are over 20 times brighter than the original versions, and removed leaves can remain luminous for three days, marking a major practical breakthrough. This innovative technology has wide application prospects. It converts solar energy into biological light with extremely low energy consumption, promising to replace part of traditional lighting and cut power waste. It can also be widely applied in urban landscaping and cultural tourism industries. Additionally, its stable luminous signals can support biomedical research in tracking biological changes, providing sustainable solutions for social  and scientific development. 1．What can be inferred about the earlier attempts from paragraph 2? A．Successful. B．High-efficient. C．Fruitless. D．Ineffective. 2．What determines the stability of light-generating? A．The supplies of caffeic acid. B．The time of enzymatic reactions. C．The input of external chemicals. D．The quality of enzyme in plants. 3．What did the researchers do to cut down the consumption of caffeic acid? A．Reduce the amount of plant leaves. B．Stop some natural processes in plants. C．Select high-quality plant species. D．Use genetic engineering technology. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about concerning the new technology? A．Its appeal to the public. B．Expectations for future studies. C．Its future applications. D．The environmental benefits. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了浙江大学团队研发出自发光植物，突破此前技术局限，通过优化酶基因实现稳定发光，有望应用于照明、文旅及科研等领域。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Earlier attempts to create glowing plants had obvious limitations. Firefly-gene-based systems needed expensive external chemicals and only produced weak light, while bacterial luminescence tools limited plant growth and applied to few plant species. (早期培育发光植物的尝试存在明显局限。基于萤火虫基因的系统需要昂贵的外部化学品，且只能产生微弱的光，而细菌发光工具则会限制植物生长，且仅适用于少数植物物种)”可知，早期尝试效果不佳，未能达到理想效果。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Relying on caffeic acid (咖啡酸), a natural substance in nearly all plants, the plants can produce green light through enzymatic reactions. The reaction products can be recycled into caffeic acid, allowing continuous and stable luminescence without extra energy or chemical input, and it will not affect normal plant growth. (依靠存在于几乎所有植物中的天然物质咖啡酸，这些植物可以通过酶促反应产生绿光。反应产物可被回收为咖啡酸，从而实现持续稳定的发光，无需额外能量或化学投入，且不会影响植物的正常生长)”可知，咖啡酸的供应决定了发光的稳定性。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“They built a new biological pathway to generate more light-generating materials and adopted machine-learning analysis to block internal biological reactions that consume caffeic acid. (他们构建了新的生物途径以生成更多发光材料，并采用机器学习分析来阻断消耗咖啡酸的内部生物反应)”可知，研究人员通过阻断植物内部消耗咖啡酸的自然过程来减少其消耗。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“This innovative technology has wide application prospects. It converts solar energy into biological light with extremely low energy consumption, promising to replace part of traditional lighting and cut power waste. It can also be widely applied in urban landscaping and cultural tourism industries. Additionally, its stable luminous signals can support biomedical research in tracking biological changes, providing sustainable solutions for social and scientific development. (这项创新技术拥有广阔的应用前景。它以极低能耗将太阳能转化为生物光，有望替代部分传统照明并减少电力浪费。它还可广泛应用于城市园林绿化及文化旅游产业。此外，其稳定的发光信号可支持生物医学研究中追踪生物变化，为社会与科学发展提供可持续解决方案)”可知，本段主要介绍了该新技术的未来应用领域。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $