Unit 5 A fine balance 阅读表达（热点题型专练）英语新教材外研版九年级上册

**基本信息** 以“人与社会——生态保护”为主题，构建“方法指导-分层训练”体系，通过三步解题法提升阅读表达能力，逻辑贯穿生态案例分析与保护措施。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |热点题型概览|1套方法总结|先看问题定方向→细读推敲抓信息→复读验证避矛盾，强调答题有据、区分正确与最佳答案|从解题步骤到注意事项，构建系统化阅读表达策略| |题型夯基提升|7篇巩固+8篇拔高语篇|针对wh-疑问句，训练信息定位、词数控制、要点提炼能力|围绕生态保护（蜜蜂/湿地/濒危动物等），从现象描述到原因分析再到保护措施，培养逻辑思维与跨文化意识|

Unit 5 A fine balance 阅读表达题型专练（话题：人与社会——生态保护） 热点题型概览 阅读表达 阅读表达所提的问题中,一般疑问句的提问方式频率很低,有时完全删掉,“wh-疑问词”开头的特殊疑问句越来越多,意味着对文章理解要求越来越高。复习备考中,考生要切实提高阅读理解能力和表达能力。平时练习中要通过精读完全理解文章。 1. 先看问题，再读文章：把握主题，确定方向，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，高效省时。 2. 细读全文，认真推敲：细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词。 3. 复读全文，验证答案：在找到答案后，应将答案带入问题中，检查有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。 注意事项 1. 答题有据，避免主观。 2. 符合原文的答案 ＝ 正确答案 ≠ 最佳答案 3. 解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善于思考。要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己方法或，实践出真知，多练出效益。 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 （26-27九年级上·全国·单元测试）阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题(请注意每小题的词数要求)。 Imagine you go to the supermarket in your area, but there are almost no fruits, vegetables, honey, milk, eggs, or chocolate. How would you feel? Disappointed? Angry? Sad? At this moment, you realize people, plants, and animals are all connected. We need each other to live, and bees are one of the best examples of this connection. Bees are very hard-working animals, and their greatest work is pollination (传粉). On one trip, they often visit 50 to 100 flowers. As they fly from one flower to another, they take pollen (花粉) with them. This action helps plants grow. In fact, without their work, about 80 percent of the plants in the world cannot grow. Bees are also one of the most interesting animals in the world. For example, they work hard with each other to make their homes. In order to store honey, they make honeycombs (蜂窝). Another interesting thing about bees is how they communicate. When a bee finds new food, it uses a dance to tell the others where and how far away the food is. Bees play an important part in the ecosystem of our planet. However, the number of bees is dropping, and scientists are worried. Bees need our help, and there is a lot we can do. Think about what you can do to protect one of the most amazing animals on earth. 1．What will happen without bees’ work? (不超过 15个词) 2．What are bees like according to the text? (不超过5个词) 3．What do you want to do to protect bees? (不超过10个词) Passage 2 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题，并将划线部分译成英文或中文。 During the week-long National holidays, the mysterious (神秘的) Ailao Mountain in Yunnan Province, southwest China, became very popular. The government said that the safety of tourists can be made sure of as long as they visit the open areas and follow the rules. But if someone goes where they are not allowed, they might have to pay a fine (罚款) up to 5,000 yuan. It all started when an online blogger shared a video that showed the mountains looking foggy and a bit scary. There were warning signs saying “bears nearby”, which made people feel a bit scared but excited. Soon, lots of curious (好奇的) tourists wanted to see it themselves, causing traffic jams on the mountain roads. The Ailao Mountain is located in the central part of Yunnan and covers three cities. Some people call it the “Forest of Death” because of the deep valleys (山谷), thick forests and changeable weather, which make it so dangerous. It’s also known as the biggest, least touched, and most complete forest ecosystem at that part of the world. It’s so far away and natural, and there are many mysterious stories about it. The edges (边缘) of the Ailao Mountain are open for travelers, and it’s safe as long as they follow the rules. But deep inside the mountains, where tourists can’t go, there are forests without roads. The weather there can be very bad, making people feel sick because of the high altitude (海拔). Also, the magnetic field (磁场) there can make compasses (指南针) stop working. It’s quite easy to get lost. More seriously, they might lose their lives. Some people think humans sometimes can be stronger than the forces of nature. However, it depends on whether you follow the basic rules of nature or not. Humans cut down trees, kill endangered animals for food and risk their lives in dangerous places. A lot of people learned their lessons from these mistakes. So, it’s necessary to respect nature and follow the rules! 1．What do the tourists have to do if they go somewhere not allowed? 2．How do people feel when they see the warning sign “bears nearby”? 3．Why is Ailao mountain called the “Forest of Death”? 4．Is it safe to go deep inside the mountain? 5．Write down one rule for tourists of the Ailao Mountain. Passage 3 （25-26八年级下·广西·单元测试）Peru (秘鲁) is the third largest country in South America, after Brazil and Argentina. It is a country with natural beauty, including mountains, beaches, rainforests and more. The Andes Mountains run through Peru from north to south. These tall peaks (山峰) can be seen from beaches 80 kilometers away. The highest peak, Mount Huascarán, is 6,768 meters high. Because of its many different ecosystems (生态系统), Peru is home to all kinds of plants and animals. The Amazon rainforest covers nearly half of Peru. In this large forest, a 1-km² area can hold more than 6,000 kinds of plants. To protect these plants, Peru has created special forest areas called reserves. Large numbers of small fish live off the coast of Peru, and they in turn support populations of bigger fish and seabirds. There are many special kinds of plants and animals in the Andes Mountains. One amazing plant, the Puya raimondii, takes 100 years to flower. The people of Peru are a mix of many different cultures, including Indians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. Most people used to live in the countryside. But now, more than 70 percent live in cities. Peru has a long and rich history. Over 500 years ago, it was home to the powerful Inca Empire (印加帝国) in South America. The Incas built amazing cities like Machu Picchu in the Andes. In the 1500s, The Spanish arrived and took over. For about 300 years, Peru was under Spanish control. It became an independent country in 1821. 1．Which mountain runs through Peru from north to south? 2．Why is Peru home to all kinds of plants and animals? 3．How did Peru protect the plants? 4．How many people lives in cities now? 5．Write an ending sentence for the passage.  (不超过15个词) Passage 4 读下面的文章, 在1-5每个题目下做简单的笔记。 Many have heard of shark fin soup.This famous and expensive dish is especially popular in southern China. But do you realize that you’re killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup? When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean.This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the strongest in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about finning. They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins. So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them? Help save the sharks! 1．Where shark fin soup is popular:   2．Number of sharks caught and traded every year: 3．How governments can help: 4．Two environmental groups against “finning”: 5．How can we do to save the sharks: Passage 5 The mangrove forests (红树林) are among the most important ecosystems on Earth. They grow along tropical coastlines and serve as a bridge between land and sea. Mangroves protect the coastline from storms and floods by slowing down the flow of water. Their thick roots hold the soil together, preventing it from being washed away. Besides, mangroves are home to countless species. Fish, crabs, and birds all depend on this unique environment for food and shelter. During high tide, fish swim among the roots to hide from larger predators. At low tide, birds come to catch small creatures in the mud. However, mangroves are disappearing at an alarming rate. Over the past 50 years, more than half of the world’s mangrove forests have been destroyed. The main reasons include building coastal farms, pollution, and rising sea levels caused by climate change. To save the mangroves, many countries have started protection programs. Volunteers plant new mangrove trees and clean up plastic waste along the coasts. Schools also organize educational trips to teach students the value of these special forests. 1．Where do mangrove forests grow?（不超过10个词） 2．How do mangroves protect the coastline from storms?（不超过15个词） 3．What are the main reasons for the disappearance of mangroves?（列出至少两点，不超过20个词） Passage 6 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 Do you know World Wetlands Day? It falls on February 2nd every year and we welcomed the 29th World Wetlands Day in 2025, with the theme Protecting Wetlands for Our Common Future. Wetlands are areas where water covers the soil or is present either at or near the surface of the soil for different periods during the year. They are really important for a large number of reasons that you might not realize. Wetlands, along with oceans and forests, are known as the three main ecosystems of the earth. There are different types of wetlands. We have got things like rivers, ponds and lakes. And wetlands support different wildlife. As a matter of fact, 50% of the world’s plants and animals depend on wetlands. Wetlands act like sponges, soaking up (吸收) water and also carbon (碳) from the air. The plants in wetlands soak up climate-changing gases as they grow. Then when the plants die, they sink into mud, catching carbon instead of letting it all return to the air. This can help reduce the greenhouse effect. Wetlands also play an important role in the water cycle. They can store lots of water during heavy rainfall, reducing floods in downstream (下游的) areas. Then the water will flow back into rivers and streams slowly. Unfortunately, we have actually lost nearly 90% of the wetlands in the last 100 years, three times faster than forests. Do you know why? It’s things like pollution, climate change and human activities. Wetlands are important to everything, and we need to take action to protect them. 1．What are the three main ecosystems of the earth? 2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? 3．How do wetlands help the water cycle during heavy rainfall? 4．Why have people lost most of the wetlands in the past century? 5．What might the writer talk about next? Passage 7 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答下列问题，每题答案不超过6个单词 Ecosystems: A Delicate Balance An ecosystem is a community of living things—plants, animals, and microorganisms—that interact with each other and their environment. Everything in an ecosystem is connected. A change in one part of the ecosystem can affect other parts. For example, bees play a very important role in ecosystems. They help pollinate (授粉) plants, which then produce fruits and seeds. Without bees, many plants would not be able to reproduce. This would affect the animals that depend on those plants for food. Another example is the relationship between wolves and deer in a forest. Wolves hunt deer, which helps control the deer population. If wolves disappear, the deer population would grow too large. The deer would eat too many plants, which would then affect the entire forest ecosystem. This shows that ecosystems are fragile (脆弱的). Human activities can easily upset the balance. It is our responsibility to understand these connections and protect the natural world around us. 1．What is an ecosystem made up of? 2．What happens when one part of an ecosystem changes? 3．What important role do bees play in ecosystems? 4．What would happen if wolves disappeared from a forest? 5．Why is it important to understand these connections? 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·江苏徐州·阶段检测） A forest is like a football group. It sounds unusual, but it’s true. Each player does an important job, but they can’t win by themselves, so they work together. The same is true of all plants and animals in a forest. They depend on each other to live. We call this an ecosystem. There are three jobs in an ecosystem: producer, consumer and decomposer. The trees in the forest produce food by themselves. Giraffes themselves can’t make their own food, so they consume or eat the trees’ leaves. But sometimes hungry lions or other animals eat giraffes. When animals die, their bodies become part of the soil and air to help the forest grow. So the ecosystem can keep on going. Ecosystems come in lots of kinds and sizes. A backyard or even a big sea can be an ecosystem. The key thing is that an ecosystem has to be balanced. If there weren’t animals to eat giraffes, giraffes would eat too many leaves. This wouldn’t be good for the trees, and this would make it difficult for giraffes to find food. Different weather and natural disasters can change the ecosystems. Human activities like cutting down the trees and hunting can also bring problems. Ecosystems are everywhere. They play an important role in our life. It is necessary for us to do what we can to keep them working well. 注：每题答案不超过9个单词 1．How many jobs are there in an ecosystem? 2．If the crane lives mainly on small animals, what is it in an ecosystem according to Paragraph 2? 3．What’s the most important thing in an ecosystem? 4．What may cause an ecosystem to change? 5．What can we do to help protect the ecosystem? Passage 2 （2026·吉林·模拟预测）Humans share the Earth with all kinds of wildlife and have lived in peace with them for thousands of years. Many of our animal friends may not be around for much longer, however, and many of them are in great danger. According to a study in 2018, the populations of animals including mammals (哺乳动物), birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians have fallen by an average of 60 percent since 1970. What’s worse, a study in 2014 found that species (物种) are dying out 1,000 times faster than normal. Sadly, it is because of humans that animals are in this situation now. By increasing human development, we may end up seriously harming the environment on which animals live and depend. Human development has caused pollution in oceans and three quarters of the world’s land to be affected (影响). The balance between animals and their ecosystems has been greatly harmed by humans. Luckily, many people have realized that our actions in fact does harm to animals, risking our own lives as a result, so effective steps have been quickly taken to save both these endangered animals as well as ourselves. The World Wildlife Fund has called on governments and businesses to protect nature. In China, many nature reserves (保护区) have been set up and harmful behavior such as selling rhino horns (犀牛角), tiger bones and ivory has been banned (禁止). People have been taking steps in the right direction, which is encouraging news. The numbers of many animals have increased. The protection of animals still has a long way to go. In the end, to protect animals is to protect ourselves, and we should spare no effort to live in harmony (和谐) with nature. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．What do humans share with wildlife according to the passage? 2．In paragraph 2, how many studies are mentioned about the danger to wildlife? 3．Who is (are) responsible for the current (目前的) situation? 4．What has China done to save the endangered wildlife? 5．What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? Passage 3 （2026·辽宁抚顺·模拟预测）阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 Many amazing animals are in danger of disappearing forever. These are called endangered species (物种). Sadly, human activities are the main reason why they are dying out. Animals like the tiger and the blue whale are endangered. Why is this happening? First, people cut down forests to build farms and cities. This destroys (毁坏) the animals’ homes. Second, hunters illegally (不法地) kill animals for their fur, bones, or other body parts. This is called poaching (侵入他人地界偷猎). Third, pollution from factories and cars makes the air, water, and soil dirty, which is harmful to animals. We must act now to protect these treasured wildlife. Governments can create nature reserves (保护区) where animals can live safely. Stronger laws are needed to stop poaching and the illegal wildlife trade. Scientists are also working hard to help endangered animals breed (繁殖) and increase their population. But everyone can help, including us students. We can learn about endangered animals and tell others why they are important. We should also try to reduce, reuse, and recycle to help protect the environment. Remember, every small action counts. 1．According to Paragraph 2, how many main reasons are given for animals becoming endangered? 2．What can governments do to help protect endangered animals? 3．As a student, what are two things you can do to help according to the text? 4．How would you explain to others why it’s so importan to protect endangered animals? Write 30 words or more. Passage 4 （2023·湖南·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 China’s Wetland Protection Efforts Help Birds When winter comes, Siberian cranes (西伯利亚白鹤) fly from northeast Siberia in Russia to Poyang Lake in Jiangxi province, China. About 95 percent of the birds spend the season there. However, climate change has endangered the birds’ living places. “In some years, the Poyang Lake experiences floods, while in others, it experiences droughts (干旱). Both of these caused food shortages in cranes’ living places,” Qian Fawen, a researcher from the National Bird Banding Center of China, said. To help deal with the problem, the local government has built 70 hectares of lotus roots (莲藕) in Nanchang to provide food during the winter for the cranes. The birds’ population has risen from about 3,000 to more than 5,000 over the past 20 years, according to Qian. Over the years, China has worked hard to protect these birds. Recently 1,140 places in the country have been taken as living places for them. Most of the endangered birds stay in wetlands. Known as the “Earth’s kidneys (肾脏)”, wetlands play a key role in cleaning water, preventing floods, and helping with biodiversity (生物多样性). To protect China’s wetlands, the Wetlands Protection Law was published on June 1, 2022. It stops building work on important national wetlands and some activities. Thanks to these efforts, more birds stay in the nation’s wetlands in winter. In February, Hunan government reported that black-faced spoonbills (黑脸琵鹭), also endangered birds, were seen at Dongting Lake after an absence of five years. If we protect the wetlands well, we will see more endangered animals and enjoy more beauty of nature. 1．What caused food shortages in cranes’ living places at the Poyang Lake? 2．How many cranes were there at the Poyang Lake 20 years ago? 3．What has China done to protect these birds over the years? 4．Why did the Wetlands Protection Law come out? 5．Nowadays, can people see black-faced spoonbills at Dongting Lake in winter? Passage 5 （2026·山东菏泽·三模）阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题，并将答案写到答题卡的相应位置。 Kakapos are strange birds. They are heavy and cannot fly. They only come out at night. And they’re endangered. But now, the birds are making a comeback. Scientists think a record number of baby kakapos will be born this year. Kakapos live only in New Zealand. They are the heaviest parrots in the world and can weigh up to four kilograms. They spend most of their time on the ground because they cannot fly. But they can use their wings to balance when they jump between trees. Kakapos look a little like owls (猫头鹰) and have a strong smell. Their bodies are covered in green, yellow, and black feathers (羽毛). The feathers help them hide in trees. Long ago, many kakapos lived in New Zealand. Then people came. They hunted the birds and cut down the forests where kakapos lived. By 1995, there were only 51 kakapos left. Scientists worked very hard to protect them. They moved the birds to three safe islands. They also helped the birds have more babies and made sure the babies stayed alive. Today, there are about 236 kakapos. That is much better, but they are still endangered. Kakapos can live for 60 to 80 years, but they don’t have babies every year. They only have babies every two to four years, and only when there is plenty of food. Their favourite food is the red berries (浆果) of rimu trees. This year, ______________________, so the kakapos are having many babies. Scientists think 2026 will set a new record for kakapo births. The old record of 73 was set in 2019. Scientists say it will still take a lot of work to save kakapos. But this year is a very good sign. They hope that in five to ten years, the birds will be on their way to a safer future. 1．Where do Kakapos live? 2．What are Kakapos’ bodies covered in? 3．Why are Kakapos endangered? 4．How many Kakapos are there today? 5．Complete the sentence in paragraph 6 with proper words. Passage 6 （25-26九年级上·江苏扬州·期末）请根据短文内容回答下面问题，每题答案不超过10个单词。 The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. To our left, snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes (藏羚羊). Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Xizang, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass, I’m struck by their beauty. I’m also reminded of the danger they were in. They were once hunted for their valuable fur. My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Xizang. To Zhaxi, the land is sacred (神圣的) and protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “We’re not trying to save the animals,” he says. “Actually, we’re trying to save ourselves.” The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters shot antelopes to make profits. Their habitats became smaller as new roads and railways were built. In order to save this species from disappearing, the Chinese government placed it under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains. The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list. The government, however, does not plan to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. In the evening, I drink a cup of tea and watch the stars. I think about the antelopes and what Zhaxi told me. Much is being done to protect wildlife, but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to live in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 1．Where do Tibetan antelopes live? 2．How did Zhaxi and other volunteers keep Tibetan antelopes safe from attacks? 3．When was the Tibetan antelope removed from the endangered species list? 4．Why did Tibetan antelopes’ habitats become smaller and smaller in the 1980s and 1990s? 5．What can we do to protect endangered wildlife like Tibetan antelopes? (请自拟一句话作答) Passage 7 （2025·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·三模）The red panda looks like a cat, but fatter than a cat. Its ears are big and its tail is long. The red panda mainly lives in the Eastern Himalayas in places like China, Nepal and Bhutan. It belongs to the family Ailuridae (小熊猫科). According to DNA research results, the red panda is a close relative to the raccoon (浣熊), but it’s not closely related to the giant panda, which belongs to the bear family. Red pandas are endangered (濒临灭绝的), according to experts in wildlife protection. The number of red pandas has gone down by half in the last twenty years. The biggest challenge for red pandas is that they’re losing their homes because humans are cutting down trees for wood. What’s worse, some people even catch red pandas to make clothes like hats with their special fur (皮毛). There are some events around the world to protect red pandas, but they still need more help. To protect red pandas better, it’s important to draw more public attention to them. International Red Panda Day was set up for this season. It’s on the third Saturday of September every year. There are many things we can do for red pandas. You can read a book or watch a video about these amazing animals, join in an International Red Panda Day activity near you, see red pandas at your local zoo and share articles and pictures about red pandas on social media.阅读短文，回答下列问题。 1．Is the red panda a close relative to the giant panda? 2．What’s the biggest challenge for red pandas? 3．How many forms that lead to the endangerment of red pandas are mentioned in the text? 4．When is International Red Panda Day? 5．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words) Passage 8 （2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）阅读短文，回答下面5个问题，将答案写在答题卡标有题号的横线上。（每题答案不超过10 个词） A total of 23 spotted seals (斑海豹) were put back into the waters off the coast of Dalian in Northeast China’s Liaoning Province on Tuesday, Dec. 12, 2023 as part of China’s continuous efforts to protect endangered wildlife. The seals were hunted and sold, but have now been saved and marked for future protection. A fishery law enforcement ship arrived at the sea area near Dalian in the morning, carrying the spotted seals. The seals were let go free one by one into the sea. They swam freely in the water, returning to their natural home. Spotted seals are nationally protected animals in China. They are the only kind of seals that can breed (繁殖) in Chinese waters. Like migratory (迁徙的) birds, they appear around October every year in Liaodong Bay, and take the long journey back to the Northwest Pacific in May after breeding. They are often considered as the “panda of the sea”. Thanks to China’s top-class national protection in recent years, the population of spotted seals in Chinese waters has reached around 2,000, while the global population is between 400,000 and 600,000. Studies have shown that these 2,000 spotted seals are of great importance for the study and research on spotted seals. To protect this rare animal and its ecological environment, the Liaoning Dalian Spotted Seal Wetlands were set up in 1992. In January 2002, they were included in the List of Wetlands of International Importance. Covering an area of 560,000 hectares with a coastline of about 370 kilometers, the wetlands are rich in biological resources. They have become home to nationally protected animals such as the spotted seal, finless porpoise, killer whales, false killer whales, common dolphins, bottlenose dolphins, and East Asian river dolphins. Since 1992, researchers in Dalian have successfully saved 388 spotted seals and put 299 of them back into the wild. 1．Where were the 23 spotted seals put back into the sea? 2．What is the other name of the spotted seal? 3．With China’s protection, what has happened to the spotted seals in Chinese waters? 4．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 5 refer to (指的是)? 5．As a student, what can you do to protect wildlife? ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 A fine balance 阅读表达题型专练（话题：人与社会——生态保护） 热点题型概览 阅读表达 阅读表达所提的问题中,一般疑问句的提问方式频率很低,有时完全删掉,“wh-疑问词”开头的特殊疑问句越来越多,意味着对文章理解要求越来越高。复习备考中,考生要切实提高阅读理解能力和表达能力。平时练习中要通过精读完全理解文章。 1. 先看问题，再读文章：把握主题，确定方向，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，高效省时。 2. 细读全文，认真推敲：细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词。 3. 复读全文，验证答案：在找到答案后，应将答案带入问题中，检查有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。 注意事项 1. 答题有据，避免主观。 2. 符合原文的答案 ＝ 正确答案 ≠ 最佳答案 3. 解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善于思考。要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己方法或，实践出真知，多练出效益。 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 （26-27九年级上·全国·单元测试）阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题(请注意每小题的词数要求)。 Imagine you go to the supermarket in your area, but there are almost no fruits, vegetables, honey, milk, eggs, or chocolate. How would you feel? Disappointed? Angry? Sad? At this moment, you realize people, plants, and animals are all connected. We need each other to live, and bees are one of the best examples of this connection. Bees are very hard-working animals, and their greatest work is pollination (传粉). On one trip, they often visit 50 to 100 flowers. As they fly from one flower to another, they take pollen (花粉) with them. This action helps plants grow. In fact, without their work, about 80 percent of the plants in the world cannot grow. Bees are also one of the most interesting animals in the world. For example, they work hard with each other to make their homes. In order to store honey, they make honeycombs (蜂窝). Another interesting thing about bees is how they communicate. When a bee finds new food, it uses a dance to tell the others where and how far away the food is. Bees play an important part in the ecosystem of our planet. However, the number of bees is dropping, and scientists are worried. Bees need our help, and there is a lot we can do. Think about what you can do to protect one of the most amazing animals on earth. 1．What will happen without bees’ work? (不超过 15个词) 2．What are bees like according to the text? (不超过5个词) 3．What do you want to do to protect bees? (不超过10个词) 【答案】1．About 80 percent of the plants in the world will not grow. 2．Hard-working, interesting and amazing. 3．I want to build small bee water stations. 【导语】本文主要介绍了蜜蜂的特点、作用及其面临的生存危机，呼吁人们保护蜜蜂。 【详解】1．根据原文第二段“In fact,without their work, about 80 percent of the plants in the world cannot grow”，可直接提取信息回答。 2．原文第二段“Bees are very hard-working animals”，第三段“Bees are also one of the most interesting animals in the world”以及最后一段“one of the most amazing animals”，整合信息得到答案，符合词数要求。 3．本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，只要观点合理、符合词数要求即可，示例答案围绕为蜜蜂提供食物来源展开。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题，并将划线部分译成英文或中文。 During the week-long National holidays, the mysterious (神秘的) Ailao Mountain in Yunnan Province, southwest China, became very popular. The government said that the safety of tourists can be made sure of as long as they visit the open areas and follow the rules. But if someone goes where they are not allowed, they might have to pay a fine (罚款) up to 5,000 yuan. It all started when an online blogger shared a video that showed the mountains looking foggy and a bit scary. There were warning signs saying “bears nearby”, which made people feel a bit scared but excited. Soon, lots of curious (好奇的) tourists wanted to see it themselves, causing traffic jams on the mountain roads. The Ailao Mountain is located in the central part of Yunnan and covers three cities. Some people call it the “Forest of Death” because of the deep valleys (山谷), thick forests and changeable weather, which make it so dangerous. It’s also known as the biggest, least touched, and most complete forest ecosystem at that part of the world. It’s so far away and natural, and there are many mysterious stories about it. The edges (边缘) of the Ailao Mountain are open for travelers, and it’s safe as long as they follow the rules. But deep inside the mountains, where tourists can’t go, there are forests without roads. The weather there can be very bad, making people feel sick because of the high altitude (海拔). Also, the magnetic field (磁场) there can make compasses (指南针) stop working. It’s quite easy to get lost. More seriously, they might lose their lives. Some people think humans sometimes can be stronger than the forces of nature. However, it depends on whether you follow the basic rules of nature or not. Humans cut down trees, kill endangered animals for food and risk their lives in dangerous places. A lot of people learned their lessons from these mistakes. So, it’s necessary to respect nature and follow the rules! 1．What do the tourists have to do if they go somewhere not allowed? 2．How do people feel when they see the warning sign “bears nearby”? 3．Why is Ailao mountain called the “Forest of Death”? 4．Is it safe to go deep inside the mountain? 5．Write down one rule for tourists of the Ailao Mountain. 【答案】1．They have to pay a fine up to 5,000yuan. 2．They feel a bit scared but excited. 3．Because of the deep valleys, thick forests and changeable weather. 4．No, it isn’t. 5．They should visit the open areas. (合理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了云南哀牢山在国庆期间成为热门旅游地，介绍了其危险性及政府制定的安全规则，呼吁游客尊重自然并遵守规则。 【详解】1．根据文章第2段“But if someone goes where they are not allowed, they might have to pay a fine (罚款) up to 5,000 yuan.”可推知，游客若去禁入区域需缴纳罚款，因此They have to pay a fine up to 5,000 yuan.符合句意。 2．根据文章第3段“There were warning signs saying ‘bears nearby’, which made people feel a bit scared but excited.”可推知，人们看到标志时的感受是害怕又兴奋，因此They feel a bit scared but excited.符合句意。 3．根据文章第4段“Some people call it the ‘Forest of Death’ because of the deep valleys (山谷) , thick forests and changeable weather, which make it so dangerous.”可推知，有些人称它为“死亡森林”，是因为深邃的山谷、茂密的森林和变幻莫测的天气，因此Because of the deep valleys, thick forests and changeable weather.符合句意。 4．根据文章第5段“But deep inside the mountains, where tourists can’t go, there are forests without roads. The weather there can be very bad, making people feel sick because of the high altitude (海拔). Also, the magnetic field (磁场) there can make compasses (指南针) stop working. It’s quite easy to get lost. More seriously, they might lose their lives.”可推知，深入山中是不安全的，因此No, it isn’t.符合句意。 5．根据文章第2段“The government said that the safety of tourists can be made sure of as long as they visit the open areas and follow the rules.”可推知，游客应遵守的规则之一是参观开放区域，因此They should visit the open areas.符合句意。 Passage 3 （25-26八年级下·广西·单元测试）Peru (秘鲁) is the third largest country in South America, after Brazil and Argentina. It is a country with natural beauty, including mountains, beaches, rainforests and more. The Andes Mountains run through Peru from north to south. These tall peaks (山峰) can be seen from beaches 80 kilometers away. The highest peak, Mount Huascarán, is 6,768 meters high. Because of its many different ecosystems (生态系统), Peru is home to all kinds of plants and animals. The Amazon rainforest covers nearly half of Peru. In this large forest, a 1-km² area can hold more than 6,000 kinds of plants. To protect these plants, Peru has created special forest areas called reserves. Large numbers of small fish live off the coast of Peru, and they in turn support populations of bigger fish and seabirds. There are many special kinds of plants and animals in the Andes Mountains. One amazing plant, the Puya raimondii, takes 100 years to flower. The people of Peru are a mix of many different cultures, including Indians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. Most people used to live in the countryside. But now, more than 70 percent live in cities. Peru has a long and rich history. Over 500 years ago, it was home to the powerful Inca Empire (印加帝国) in South America. The Incas built amazing cities like Machu Picchu in the Andes. In the 1500s, The Spanish arrived and took over. For about 300 years, Peru was under Spanish control. It became an independent country in 1821. 1．Which mountain runs through Peru from north to south? 2．Why is Peru home to all kinds of plants and animals? 3．How did Peru protect the plants? 4．How many people lives in cities now? 5．Write an ending sentence for the passage.  (不超过15个词) 【答案】1．The Andes Mountains. 2．Because of its many different ecosystems. 3．By creating special forest areas (called reserves). 4．More than 70 percent. 5．Peru is a country full of natural beauty, culture and history./... 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了秘鲁的自然景观、生态系统、人口构成以及历史等方面的情况。 【详解】1．根据“The Andes Mountains run through Peru from north to south.”可知，安第斯山脉从北到南贯穿秘鲁。故填The Andes Mountains. 2．根据“Because of its many different ecosystems (生态系统),Peru is home to all kinds of plants and animals.”可知，由于其众多不同的生态系统，秘鲁是各种动植物的家园。故填Because of its many different ecosystems. 3．根据“To protect these plants, Peru has created special forest areas called reserves.”可知，为了保护这些植物，秘鲁创建了被称为保护区的特殊森林区域。故填By creating special forest areas (called reserves). 4．根据“But now, more than 70 percent live in cities.”可知，现在超过70%的人住在城市里。故填More than 70 percent. 5．本题为开放性问题，需结合文章对秘鲁自然、文化、历史的介绍来总结，只要符合要求即可。根据“Peru has a long and rich history.”可知，秘鲁真是一个集自然、文化和历史于一体的精彩国家。故填Peru is a country full of natural beauty, culture and history. /... Passage 4 读下面的文章, 在1-5每个题目下做简单的笔记。 Many have heard of shark fin soup.This famous and expensive dish is especially popular in southern China. But do you realize that you’re killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup? When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean.This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the strongest in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about finning. They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins. So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them? Help save the sharks! 1．Where shark fin soup is popular:   2．Number of sharks caught and traded every year: 3．How governments can help: 4．Two environmental groups against “finning”: 5．How can we do to save the sharks: 【答案】1．In southern China/In the southern part of China/In the south of China 2．Around 70 million 3．They should develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins 4．WildAid and the WWF/The WWF and WildAid 5．We don’t eat shark fin and promote that people don’t eat shark fin either 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国南部对鱼翅的喜爱导致了鲨鱼数量严重下降的情况，以及对整个生态系统的影响，同时环保组织也在呼吁政府立法来禁止鱼翅的买卖。 【详解】1．根据第1段“This famous and expensive dish is especially popular in southern China”，可知这道著名而昂贵的菜在中国南方特别受欢迎。故填In southern China/In the southern part of China/In the south of China。 2．根据第2段“But in fact, around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year”，可知每年约有7000万条鲨鱼被捕获和交易。故填Around 70 million。 3．根据第3段“They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins”，可知他们甚至要求政府制定法律, 停止出售鱼翅, 故填They should develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins。 4．根据第3段“Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about finning”，可知世界各地的环保组织, 如野生救援组织和世界自然基金会, 正在向公众传授割鱼翅的知识。故填WildAid and the WWF/The WWF and WildAid。 5．开放性试题, 答案不唯一，言之有理即可。参考答案为We don’t eat shark fin and promote that people don’t eat shark fin either。 Passage 5 The mangrove forests (红树林) are among the most important ecosystems on Earth. They grow along tropical coastlines and serve as a bridge between land and sea. Mangroves protect the coastline from storms and floods by slowing down the flow of water. Their thick roots hold the soil together, preventing it from being washed away. Besides, mangroves are home to countless species. Fish, crabs, and birds all depend on this unique environment for food and shelter. During high tide, fish swim among the roots to hide from larger predators. At low tide, birds come to catch small creatures in the mud. However, mangroves are disappearing at an alarming rate. Over the past 50 years, more than half of the world’s mangrove forests have been destroyed. The main reasons include building coastal farms, pollution, and rising sea levels caused by climate change. To save the mangroves, many countries have started protection programs. Volunteers plant new mangrove trees and clean up plastic waste along the coasts. Schools also organize educational trips to teach students the value of these special forests. 1．Where do mangrove forests grow?（不超过10个词） 2．How do mangroves protect the coastline from storms?（不超过15个词） 3．What are the main reasons for the disappearance of mangroves?（列出至少两点，不超过20个词） 【答案】1．Along tropical coastlines. 2．By slowing down the flow of water. 3．Building coastal farms, pollution, and rising sea levels. 【导语】本文介绍红树林的生长环境、生态作用，讲述红树林正在快速消亡的现状、消亡原因以及各国开展的相关保护行动。 【详解】1．根据原文第一段中“They grow along tropical coastlines”可知，红树林生长在热带海岸线沿线。答案填Along tropical coastlines. 2．根据原文第一段中“Mangroves protect the coastline from storms and floods by slowing down the flow of water.”可知，红树林通过减缓水流速度来保护海岸线。答案填By slowing down the flow of water. 3．根据原文第三段中“The main reasons include building coastal farms, pollution, and rising sea levels caused by climate change.”可知，红树林消失的主要原因有修建沿海农场、污染以及海平面上升。答案填Building coastal farms, pollution, and rising sea levels. Passage 6 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。 Do you know World Wetlands Day? It falls on February 2nd every year and we welcomed the 29th World Wetlands Day in 2025, with the theme Protecting Wetlands for Our Common Future. Wetlands are areas where water covers the soil or is present either at or near the surface of the soil for different periods during the year. They are really important for a large number of reasons that you might not realize. Wetlands, along with oceans and forests, are known as the three main ecosystems of the earth. There are different types of wetlands. We have got things like rivers, ponds and lakes. And wetlands support different wildlife. As a matter of fact, 50% of the world’s plants and animals depend on wetlands. Wetlands act like sponges, soaking up (吸收) water and also carbon (碳) from the air. The plants in wetlands soak up climate-changing gases as they grow. Then when the plants die, they sink into mud, catching carbon instead of letting it all return to the air. This can help reduce the greenhouse effect. Wetlands also play an important role in the water cycle. They can store lots of water during heavy rainfall, reducing floods in downstream (下游的) areas. Then the water will flow back into rivers and streams slowly. Unfortunately, we have actually lost nearly 90% of the wetlands in the last 100 years, three times faster than forests. Do you know why? It’s things like pollution, climate change and human activities. Wetlands are important to everything, and we need to take action to protect them. 1．What are the three main ecosystems of the earth? 2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? 3．How do wetlands help the water cycle during heavy rainfall? 4．Why have people lost most of the wetlands in the past century? 5．What might the writer talk about next? 【答案】1．Wetlands, oceans and forests. 2．Wetlands help reduce the greenhouse effect. 3．By storing lots of water during heavy rainfall. 4．Because of pollution, climate change and human activities. 5．The protection of wetlands. 【导语】本文介绍了湿地的定义、重要生态价值，指出湿地因污染、气候变化和人类活动大幅减少，呼吁人们保护湿地。 【详解】1．第3段第1句提到“Wetlands, along with oceans and forests, are known as the three main ecosystems of the earth.”直接提取原文信息即可，注意三个名词的顺序与原文一致。 2．第4段详细介绍了“Wetlands act like sponges, soaking up ( 吸收) water and also carbon (碳) from the air.”， “Then when the plants die, they sink into mud, catching carbon instead of letting it all returning to the air”。 用简洁的语言总结段落主旨，点明湿地的核心作用——减少温室效应。 3．第5段第2句提到“They can store lots of water during heavy rainfall, reducing floods in downstream areas.直接提取关键信息：store lots of water（储存大量水）、reducing floods in downstream areas（减少下游地区的洪水），完整回答湿地在水循环中的作用。 4．第6段提到“It’s things like pollution, climate change and human activities.”直接提取三个原因，用because of连接，符合问句的提问逻辑。 5．文章结尾句“Wetlands are important to everything, and we need to take action to protect them.”提出了“需要采取行动保护湿地”的呼吁，因此下文最可能围绕保护湿地的具体方法/措施展开。 Passage 7 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答下列问题，每题答案不超过6个单词 Ecosystems: A Delicate Balance An ecosystem is a community of living things—plants, animals, and microorganisms—that interact with each other and their environment. Everything in an ecosystem is connected. A change in one part of the ecosystem can affect other parts. For example, bees play a very important role in ecosystems. They help pollinate (授粉) plants, which then produce fruits and seeds. Without bees, many plants would not be able to reproduce. This would affect the animals that depend on those plants for food. Another example is the relationship between wolves and deer in a forest. Wolves hunt deer, which helps control the deer population. If wolves disappear, the deer population would grow too large. The deer would eat too many plants, which would then affect the entire forest ecosystem. This shows that ecosystems are fragile (脆弱的). Human activities can easily upset the balance. It is our responsibility to understand these connections and protect the natural world around us. 1．What is an ecosystem made up of? 2．What happens when one part of an ecosystem changes? 3．What important role do bees play in ecosystems? 4．What would happen if wolves disappeared from a forest? 5．Why is it important to understand these connections? 【答案】1．Living things and environment. 2．Other parts are affected. 3．They pollinate plants. 4．Deer population would grow. 5．To protect the natural world. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍生态系统的含义，借助蜜蜂、狼和鹿的事例，解释生态系统内部环环相扣、十分脆弱，呼吁人们保护大自然。 【详解】1．根据文章第一段“An ecosystem is a community of living things—plants, animals, and microorganisms—that interact with each other and their environment”，能够得知生态系统由生物以及它们所处的环境构成。 2．根据文章第一段“A change in one part of the ecosystem can affect other parts”，生态系统一处产生变动，其余部分便会受到影响。 3．根据文章第二段“bees play a very important role in ecosystems. They help pollinate (授粉) plants”，蜜蜂的重要作用便是给植物授粉。 4．根据文章第三段“If wolves disappear, the deer population would grow too large”，狼群消失之后鹿群数量会过度膨胀。 5．根据文章尾段“It is our responsibility to understand these connections and protect the natural world around us”，弄懂生态联系是为了保护自然界。 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·江苏徐州·阶段检测） A forest is like a football group. It sounds unusual, but it’s true. Each player does an important job, but they can’t win by themselves, so they work together. The same is true of all plants and animals in a forest. They depend on each other to live. We call this an ecosystem. There are three jobs in an ecosystem: producer, consumer and decomposer. The trees in the forest produce food by themselves. Giraffes themselves can’t make their own food, so they consume or eat the trees’ leaves. But sometimes hungry lions or other animals eat giraffes. When animals die, their bodies become part of the soil and air to help the forest grow. So the ecosystem can keep on going. Ecosystems come in lots of kinds and sizes. A backyard or even a big sea can be an ecosystem. The key thing is that an ecosystem has to be balanced. If there weren’t animals to eat giraffes, giraffes would eat too many leaves. This wouldn’t be good for the trees, and this would make it difficult for giraffes to find food. Different weather and natural disasters can change the ecosystems. Human activities like cutting down the trees and hunting can also bring problems. Ecosystems are everywhere. They play an important role in our life. It is necessary for us to do what we can to keep them working well. 注：每题答案不超过9个单词 1．How many jobs are there in an ecosystem? 2．If the crane lives mainly on small animals, what is it in an ecosystem according to Paragraph 2? 3．What’s the most important thing in an ecosystem? 4．What may cause an ecosystem to change? 5．What can we do to help protect the ecosystem? 【答案】1．There are three jobs in an ecosystem. 2．A consumer. 3．An ecosystem has to be balanced. 4．Different weather, natural disasters and human activities. 5．Do what we can to keep them working well. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了生态系统中的三种工作：生产者、消费者和分解者。生态系统无处不在，并且重要，我们有必要尽我们所能保持生态系统正常运转。 【详解】1．根据“There are three jobs in an ecosystem: producer, consumer and decomposer.”可知，生态系统中有三种工作。故填There are three jobs in an ecosystem. 2．根据“There are three jobs in an ecosystem: producer, consumer and decomposer.”及“Giraffes themselves can’t make their own food, so they consume or eat the trees’ leaves.”可知，生态系统中有三种工作。长颈鹿不能制造自己的食物，以树叶为食；鹤主要以小动物为食物，二者扮演着消费者的角色。故填A consumer. 3．根据“The key thing is that an ecosystem has to be balanced.”可知，生态系统中最关键的是平衡。故填An ecosystem has to be balanced. 4．根据“Different weather and natural disasters can change the ecosystems. Human activities like cutting down the trees and hunting can also bring problems.”可知，不同的天气和自然灾害会影响生态系统，像砍伐树木和捕猎这样的人类活动也会带来问题。故填Different weather, natural disasters and human activities. 5．根据“It is necessary for us to do what we can to keep them working well.”可知，我们可以尽我们所能保持生态系统正常运转。故填Do what we can to keep them working well. Passage 2 （2026·吉林·模拟预测）Humans share the Earth with all kinds of wildlife and have lived in peace with them for thousands of years. Many of our animal friends may not be around for much longer, however, and many of them are in great danger. According to a study in 2018, the populations of animals including mammals (哺乳动物), birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians have fallen by an average of 60 percent since 1970. What’s worse, a study in 2014 found that species (物种) are dying out 1,000 times faster than normal. Sadly, it is because of humans that animals are in this situation now. By increasing human development, we may end up seriously harming the environment on which animals live and depend. Human development has caused pollution in oceans and three quarters of the world’s land to be affected (影响). The balance between animals and their ecosystems has been greatly harmed by humans. Luckily, many people have realized that our actions in fact does harm to animals, risking our own lives as a result, so effective steps have been quickly taken to save both these endangered animals as well as ourselves. The World Wildlife Fund has called on governments and businesses to protect nature. In China, many nature reserves (保护区) have been set up and harmful behavior such as selling rhino horns (犀牛角), tiger bones and ivory has been banned (禁止). People have been taking steps in the right direction, which is encouraging news. The numbers of many animals have increased. The protection of animals still has a long way to go. In the end, to protect animals is to protect ourselves, and we should spare no effort to live in harmony (和谐) with nature. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．What do humans share with wildlife according to the passage? 2．In paragraph 2, how many studies are mentioned about the danger to wildlife? 3．Who is (are) responsible for the current (目前的) situation? 4．What has China done to save the endangered wildlife? 5．What is the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? 【答案】1．The Earth. 2．Two. 3．Humans. 4．Many nature reserves have been set up and harmful behavior such as selling rhino horns, tiger bones and ivory has been banned. 5．To call on people to protect animals and live in harmony with nature. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类与野生动物共同生活在地球，而当前许多野生动物面临濒危现状，分析了人类活动是主要原因，并阐述了各国及中国采取的保护措施，呼吁人们保护动物、与自然和谐共处。 1．根据“Humans share the Earth with all kinds of wildlife”可知，人类与野生动物共享地球，故填The Earth. 2．根据“According to a study in 2018... What’s worse, a study in 2014 found that...”可知，第二段提到了两项关于野生动物濒危的研究，故填Two. 3．根据“Sadly, it is because of humans that animals are in this situation now”可知，人类应对当前野生动物的处境负责，故填Humans. 4．根据“In China, many nature reserves have been set up and harmful behavior such as selling rhino horns, tiger bones and ivory has been banned”可知，中国建立了许多自然保护区，并禁止了售卖犀牛角、虎骨和象牙等有害行为，故填Many nature reserves have been set up and harmful behavior such as selling rhino horns, tiger bones and ivory has been banned. 5．根据“In the end, to protect animals is to protect ourselves, and we should spare no effort to live in harmony with nature”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们保护动物，与自然和谐共处，故填To call on people to protect animals and live in harmony with nature. Passage 3 （2026·辽宁抚顺·模拟预测）阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 Many amazing animals are in danger of disappearing forever. These are called endangered species (物种). Sadly, human activities are the main reason why they are dying out. Animals like the tiger and the blue whale are endangered. Why is this happening? First, people cut down forests to build farms and cities. This destroys (毁坏) the animals’ homes. Second, hunters illegally (不法地) kill animals for their fur, bones, or other body parts. This is called poaching (侵入他人地界偷猎). Third, pollution from factories and cars makes the air, water, and soil dirty, which is harmful to animals. We must act now to protect these treasured wildlife. Governments can create nature reserves (保护区) where animals can live safely. Stronger laws are needed to stop poaching and the illegal wildlife trade. Scientists are also working hard to help endangered animals breed (繁殖) and increase their population. But everyone can help, including us students. We can learn about endangered animals and tell others why they are important. We should also try to reduce, reuse, and recycle to help protect the environment. Remember, every small action counts. 1．According to Paragraph 2, how many main reasons are given for animals becoming endangered? 2．What can governments do to help protect endangered animals? 3．As a student, what are two things you can do to help according to the text? 4．How would you explain to others why it’s so importan to protect endangered animals? Write 30 words or more. 【答案】1．Three/3. 2．Governments can create nature reserves for animals to live safely and make stronger laws to stop poaching and the illegal wildlife trade. 3．First, we can learn about endangered animals and tell others why they are important. Second, we can try to reduce, reuse, and recycle to help protect the environment. 4．Protecting animals is very important for us because it means protecting our planet’s rich variety of life. It is our duty to make sure these amazing creatures can live on for people in the future to see. (开放试题，言之有物，言之有理即可) 【导语】本文主要介绍了濒危物种面临灭绝的原因（人类砍伐森林、偷猎、污染），以及政府、科学家和学生可以采取的保护措施。 【详解】1．第二段中明确列出了三个原因：First（砍伐森林）、Second（偷猎）、Third（污染）。因此答案为原文信息归纳。 2．第三段中明确说明了政府可以采取的措施：“Governments can create nature reserves where animals can live safely. Stronger laws are needed to stop poaching and the illegal wildlife trade.” 因此答案为原文信息整合。 3．第四段中明确说明了学生可以做的两件事：“We can learn about endangered animals and tell others why they are important. We should also try to reduce, reuse, and recycle to help protect the environment.” 因此答案为原文信息提取。 4．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一。要求解释保护濒危动物的重要性，字数不少于30词。可以围绕生物多样性、生态平衡、对未来的责任等角度作答。 Passage 4 （2023·湖南·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 China’s Wetland Protection Efforts Help Birds When winter comes, Siberian cranes (西伯利亚白鹤) fly from northeast Siberia in Russia to Poyang Lake in Jiangxi province, China. About 95 percent of the birds spend the season there. However, climate change has endangered the birds’ living places. “In some years, the Poyang Lake experiences floods, while in others, it experiences droughts (干旱). Both of these caused food shortages in cranes’ living places,” Qian Fawen, a researcher from the National Bird Banding Center of China, said. To help deal with the problem, the local government has built 70 hectares of lotus roots (莲藕) in Nanchang to provide food during the winter for the cranes. The birds’ population has risen from about 3,000 to more than 5,000 over the past 20 years, according to Qian. Over the years, China has worked hard to protect these birds. Recently 1,140 places in the country have been taken as living places for them. Most of the endangered birds stay in wetlands. Known as the “Earth’s kidneys (肾脏)”, wetlands play a key role in cleaning water, preventing floods, and helping with biodiversity (生物多样性). To protect China’s wetlands, the Wetlands Protection Law was published on June 1, 2022. It stops building work on important national wetlands and some activities. Thanks to these efforts, more birds stay in the nation’s wetlands in winter. In February, Hunan government reported that black-faced spoonbills (黑脸琵鹭), also endangered birds, were seen at Dongting Lake after an absence of five years. If we protect the wetlands well, we will see more endangered animals and enjoy more beauty of nature. 1．What caused food shortages in cranes’ living places at the Poyang Lake? 2．How many cranes were there at the Poyang Lake 20 years ago? 3．What has China done to protect these birds over the years? 4．Why did the Wetlands Protection Law come out? 5．Nowadays, can people see black-faced spoonbills at Dongting Lake in winter? 【答案】1．Floods and droughts. 2．About 3,000. 3．1,140 places in the country have been taken as living places for them. 4．To protect China’s wetlands. 5．Yes./Yes, they can. 【导语】本文主要介绍了气候变化已经危及鸟类栖息地这一问题，以及我国为保护鸟类及其栖息地所作出的努力。 【详解】1．根据第二段中“In some years, the Poyang Lake experiences floods, while in others, it experiences droughts (干旱). Both of these caused food shortages in cranes’ living places,”可知，洪水和干旱是导致鄱阳湖鹤类栖息地食物短缺的原因。故填Floods and droughts. 2．根据第二段中“The birds’ population has risen from about 3,000 to more than 5,000 over the past 20 years, according to Qian.”可知，在过去的20年里这些鸟的数量从大约3000只增加到了5000多只，也就是说在20年前这些鸟的数量大约有3000只。故填About 3,000. 3．根据第三段前两句“Over the years, China has worked hard to protect these birds. Recently 1,140 places in the country have been taken as living places for them.”可知，这些年来中国为了保护这些鸟类已有1140个地方被用作它们的生活场所。故填1,140 places in the country have been taken as living places for them. 4．根据第四段第一句“To protect China’s wetlands, the Wetlands Protection Law was published on June 1, 2022.”可知，《湿地保护法》的出台是为了保护中国的湿地。故填To protect China’s wetlands. 5．根据第四段中“Thanks to these efforts, more birds stay in the nation’s wetlands in winter. In February, Hunan government reported that black-faced spoonbills (黑脸琵鹭), also endangered birds, were seen at Dongting Lake after an absence of five years.”可知，如今在冬天人们能在洞庭湖看到黑脸琵鹭。故填Yes./Yes, they can. Passage 5 （2026·山东菏泽·三模）阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题，并将答案写到答题卡的相应位置。 Kakapos are strange birds. They are heavy and cannot fly. They only come out at night. And they’re endangered. But now, the birds are making a comeback. Scientists think a record number of baby kakapos will be born this year. Kakapos live only in New Zealand. They are the heaviest parrots in the world and can weigh up to four kilograms. They spend most of their time on the ground because they cannot fly. But they can use their wings to balance when they jump between trees. Kakapos look a little like owls (猫头鹰) and have a strong smell. Their bodies are covered in green, yellow, and black feathers (羽毛). The feathers help them hide in trees. Long ago, many kakapos lived in New Zealand. Then people came. They hunted the birds and cut down the forests where kakapos lived. By 1995, there were only 51 kakapos left. Scientists worked very hard to protect them. They moved the birds to three safe islands. They also helped the birds have more babies and made sure the babies stayed alive. Today, there are about 236 kakapos. That is much better, but they are still endangered. Kakapos can live for 60 to 80 years, but they don’t have babies every year. They only have babies every two to four years, and only when there is plenty of food. Their favourite food is the red berries (浆果) of rimu trees. This year, ______________________, so the kakapos are having many babies. Scientists think 2026 will set a new record for kakapo births. The old record of 73 was set in 2019. Scientists say it will still take a lot of work to save kakapos. But this year is a very good sign. They hope that in five to ten years, the birds will be on their way to a safer future. 1．Where do Kakapos live? 2．What are Kakapos’ bodies covered in? 3．Why are Kakapos endangered? 4．How many Kakapos are there today? 5．Complete the sentence in paragraph 6 with proper words. 【答案】1．They live only in New Zealand. 2．Green, yellow, and black feathers. 3．Because people hunted them and cut down their forests. 4．About 236. 5．there are plenty of rimu berries 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新西兰特有鸟类鸮鹦鹉的生活习性、外貌特征、曾经濒危的原因、科学家采取的保护措施以及当前种群恢复和繁殖的良好态势。 【详解】1．根据文章第二段“Kakapos live only in New Zealand.”可知，鸮鹦鹉居住在新西兰。 2．根据文章第三段“Their bodies are covered in green, yellow, and black feathers.”可知，它们的身体覆盖着彩色羽毛。 3．根据文章第四段“They hunted the birds and cut down the forests where kakapos lived.”可知，人类捕杀和破坏栖息地导致其濒危。 4．根据文章第五段“Today, there are about 236 kakapos.”可知，目前现存数量约为236只。 5．根据文章第六段“only when there is plenty of food.”及上下文逻辑可知，今年食物充足所以幼鸟数量多。 Passage 6 （25-26九年级上·江苏扬州·期末）请根据短文内容回答下面问题，每题答案不超过10个单词。 The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. To our left, snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes (藏羚羊). Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Xizang, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass, I’m struck by their beauty. I’m also reminded of the danger they were in. They were once hunted for their valuable fur. My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Xizang. To Zhaxi, the land is sacred (神圣的) and protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “We’re not trying to save the animals,” he says. “Actually, we’re trying to save ourselves.” The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters shot antelopes to make profits. Their habitats became smaller as new roads and railways were built. In order to save this species from disappearing, the Chinese government placed it under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains. The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list. The government, however, does not plan to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. In the evening, I drink a cup of tea and watch the stars. I think about the antelopes and what Zhaxi told me. Much is being done to protect wildlife, but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to live in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 1．Where do Tibetan antelopes live? 2．How did Zhaxi and other volunteers keep Tibetan antelopes safe from attacks? 3．When was the Tibetan antelope removed from the endangered species list? 4．Why did Tibetan antelopes’ habitats become smaller and smaller in the 1980s and 1990s? 5．What can we do to protect endangered wildlife like Tibetan antelopes? (请自拟一句话作答) 【答案】1．They live on the plains of Xizang, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. 2．They watched over them day and night. 3．In June 2015. 4．Because new roads and railways were built. 5．We should stop buying fur products and protect their homes. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者的亲身观察和向导扎西的讲述，介绍了藏羚羊的生存现状、曾面临的濒危困境（因皮毛被猎杀、栖息地减少），以及中国政府和志愿者为保护它们所采取的措施和取得的成效，最后呼吁人类与自然和谐共处。 1．根据第二段第一句“Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Xizang, Xinjiang, and Qinghai.”可知，藏羚羊生活在西藏、新疆和青海的平原上。故填They live on the plains of Xizang, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. 2．根据第五段第二句“Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks.”可知，扎西和其他志愿者通过日夜守护来保护藏羚羊免受攻击。故填They watched over them day and night. 3．根据第六段第一句“...in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list.”可知，藏羚羊于2015年6月从濒危物种名单中移除。故填In June 2015. 4．根据第四段最后一句“Their habitats became smaller as new roads and railways were built.”可知，藏羚羊栖息地变小是因为新公路和铁路的修建。故填Because new roads and railways were built. 5．本题为开放性问答，要求自拟一句话回答“我们能做些什么来保护像藏羚羊这样的濒危野生动物”。答案需合理可行，结合文章主题。示例：我们应该停止购买用它们皮毛制成的产品，并保护它们的自然栖息地。故填We should stop buying fur products and protect their homes. Passage 7 （2025·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·三模）The red panda looks like a cat, but fatter than a cat. Its ears are big and its tail is long. The red panda mainly lives in the Eastern Himalayas in places like China, Nepal and Bhutan. It belongs to the family Ailuridae (小熊猫科). According to DNA research results, the red panda is a close relative to the raccoon (浣熊), but it’s not closely related to the giant panda, which belongs to the bear family. Red pandas are endangered (濒临灭绝的), according to experts in wildlife protection. The number of red pandas has gone down by half in the last twenty years. The biggest challenge for red pandas is that they’re losing their homes because humans are cutting down trees for wood. What’s worse, some people even catch red pandas to make clothes like hats with their special fur (皮毛). There are some events around the world to protect red pandas, but they still need more help. To protect red pandas better, it’s important to draw more public attention to them. International Red Panda Day was set up for this season. It’s on the third Saturday of September every year. There are many things we can do for red pandas. You can read a book or watch a video about these amazing animals, join in an International Red Panda Day activity near you, see red pandas at your local zoo and share articles and pictures about red pandas on social media.阅读短文，回答下列问题。 1．Is the red panda a close relative to the giant panda? 2．What’s the biggest challenge for red pandas? 3．How many forms that lead to the endangerment of red pandas are mentioned in the text? 4．When is International Red Panda Day? 5．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words) 【答案】1．No, it isn’t. 2．They’re losing their homes because humans are cutting down trees for wood. 3．Two. 4．It’s on the third Saturday of September every year. 5．Things we can do for red pandas. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍小熊猫的外形、分布、分类、濒危现状及保护相关内容。 【详解】1．根据“According to DNA research...to the bear family.”可知，小熊猫与大熊猫不是近亲。故填No, it isn’t. 2．根据“The biggest challenge for...trees for wood.”可知，小熊猫面临的最大挑战是因人类砍伐树木而失去栖息地。故填They’re losing their homes because humans are cutting down trees for wood. 3．根据“humans are cutting down trees for wood.”及“some people even...their special fur (皮毛).”可知，文中提及两种导致小熊猫濒危的形式。故填Two. 4．根据“International Red Panda Day was...September every year.”可知，国际小熊猫日在每年九月的第三个星期六。故填It’s on the third Saturday of September every year. 5．根据“There are many things...on social media.”可知，最后一段主要讲我们可以为小熊猫做的事。故填Things we can do for red pandas. Passage 8 （2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）阅读短文，回答下面5个问题，将答案写在答题卡标有题号的横线上。（每题答案不超过10 个词） A total of 23 spotted seals (斑海豹) were put back into the waters off the coast of Dalian in Northeast China’s Liaoning Province on Tuesday, Dec. 12, 2023 as part of China’s continuous efforts to protect endangered wildlife. The seals were hunted and sold, but have now been saved and marked for future protection. A fishery law enforcement ship arrived at the sea area near Dalian in the morning, carrying the spotted seals. The seals were let go free one by one into the sea. They swam freely in the water, returning to their natural home. Spotted seals are nationally protected animals in China. They are the only kind of seals that can breed (繁殖) in Chinese waters. Like migratory (迁徙的) birds, they appear around October every year in Liaodong Bay, and take the long journey back to the Northwest Pacific in May after breeding. They are often considered as the “panda of the sea”. Thanks to China’s top-class national protection in recent years, the population of spotted seals in Chinese waters has reached around 2,000, while the global population is between 400,000 and 600,000. Studies have shown that these 2,000 spotted seals are of great importance for the study and research on spotted seals. To protect this rare animal and its ecological environment, the Liaoning Dalian Spotted Seal Wetlands were set up in 1992. In January 2002, they were included in the List of Wetlands of International Importance. Covering an area of 560,000 hectares with a coastline of about 370 kilometers, the wetlands are rich in biological resources. They have become home to nationally protected animals such as the spotted seal, finless porpoise, killer whales, false killer whales, common dolphins, bottlenose dolphins, and East Asian river dolphins. Since 1992, researchers in Dalian have successfully saved 388 spotted seals and put 299 of them back into the wild. 1．Where were the 23 spotted seals put back into the sea? 2．What is the other name of the spotted seal? 3．With China’s protection, what has happened to the spotted seals in Chinese waters? 4．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 5 refer to (指的是)? 5．As a student, what can you do to protect wildlife? 【答案】1．Off the coast of Dalian in Northeast China’s Liaoning Province. 2． Panda of the sea. 3．The population of spotted seals in Chinese waters has reached around 2,000. 4．The Liaoning Dalian Spotted Seal Wetlands. 5．We can join the local activities and raise money for groups to protect wildlife. 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国为保护濒危野生动物而做出的努力。 【详解】1．根据“A total of 23 spotted seals (斑海豹) were put back into the waters off the coast of Dalian in Northeast China’s Liaoning Province”可知共有23只斑海豹被放回中国东北辽宁省大连市沿海水域。故填Off the coast of Dalian in Northeast China’s Liaoning Province. 2．根据“They are often considered as the ‘panda of the sea’”可知它们被称为“海洋中的熊猫”。故填Panda of the sea. 3．根据“Thanks to China’s top-class national protection in recent years, the population of spotted seals in Chinese waters has reached around 2,000”可知近年来，由于中国的国家一级保护，中国水域的斑海豹数量已达2000只左右。故填The population of spotted seals in Chinese waters has reached around 2,000. 4．根据“the Liaoning Dalian Spotted Seal Wetlands were set up in 1992. In January 2002, they were included in the List of Wetlands of International Importance”可知其生态环境，辽宁大连斑海豹湿地于1992年建立，2002年1月，它们被列入《国际重要湿地名录》，故此处they指代“辽宁大连斑海豹湿地”。故填The Liaoning Dalian Spotted Seal Wetlands. 5．开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案为We can join the local activities and raise money for groups to protect wildlife. ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $