Unit 4 Heroes 阅读表达（热点题型专练）英语新教材外研版九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦“人与社会——英勇事迹和高尚品质”话题，构建“方法指导-基础巩固-拔高挑战”三阶训练体系，融合三步解题法与语言理解、表达能力培养，渗透家国情怀。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |热点题型概览|/|先看问题再读文、细读推敲信息词、复读验证答案；答题有据，避免主观|从题型特点到解题步骤，构建阅读表达方法论| |巩固基础·专项突破|5篇（袁隆平、于敏等）|事实信息题定位技巧，答案控制词数（≤13词）|以科学家事迹为载体，训练时间、事件等细节提取能力| |培优拔高·挑战攻坚|8篇（杨震宁、钱学森等）|概括主旨、推断作者意图，开放题结合人物精神|从具体事实到抽象品质，提升思维品质与文化意识|

Unit 4 Heroes 阅读表达题型专练（话题：人与社会——英勇事迹和高尚品质） 热点题型概览 阅读表达 阅读表达所提的问题中,一般疑问句的提问方式频率很低,有时完全删掉,“wh-疑问词”开头的特殊疑问句越来越多,意味着对文章理解要求越来越高。复习备考中,考生要切实提高阅读理解能力和表达能力。平时练习中要通过精读完全理解文章。 1. 先看问题，再读文章：把握主题，确定方向，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，高效省时。 2. 细读全文，认真推敲：细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词。 3. 复读全文，验证答案：在找到答案后，应将答案带入问题中，检查有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。 注意事项 1. 答题有据，避免主观。 2. 符合原文的答案 ＝ 正确答案 ≠ 最佳答案 3. 解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善于思考。要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己方法或，实践出真知，多练出效益。 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·黑龙江佳木斯·阶段检测）Everyone has a hero in his heart. The hero in my heart is Yuan Longping who is a great Chinese scientist. He is known as “the Father of Hybrid Rice (杂交水稻之父)” Yuan Longping was born on 7th, the ninth month of the year 1930. He studied very hard when he was young. After graduating from college in 1953, he became a teacher in an agriculture ( 农业) school. In 1960, Yuan Longping saw many people die of hunger, so he decided to do some research into a new kind of hybrid rice. After fifteen years’ hard work, Yuan Longping and his students made a great wonder in 1975—feeding nearly 20% of the world’s population with less than 9% of the world’s farm—land (耕地). So far, more than 100 countries in Asia, Africa and America have grown hybrid rice. Many people look up to Yuan Longping because he spent all his life working for people on the earth. Although he has been dead, we will never forget him. His spirit always encourages us to try our best to serve our country. There is no doubt that Yuan Longping is a great hero. 根据短文内容，回答问题。 (回答词数不得超过13个词) 1．When was Yuan Longping born? 2．What did Yuan Longping do after graduating from college in 1953? 3．How many years did Yuan Longping spend on hybrid rice research before achieving the great wonder? 4．Which continents (大洲) have grown hybrid rice so far? 5．What spirit of Yuan Longping encourages us? Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·河北沧州·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Yu Min was an important Chinese nuclear physicist (核物理学家) and was honored as “the father of Chinese Hydrogen Bomb (氢弹)”. Yu Min was born in Tianjin in 1926. When he was in high school, he was an excellent student. Later, he studied at Peking University. In 1951, he became a scientist and began to study nuclear physics. In 1961, when Yu was given the work of researching the hydrogen bomb, he accepted it without thinking twice. For the next 28 years, his work remained secret (秘密的) and stayed hidden from the public. Even his family didn’t know his work. To develop China’s own hydrogen bomb quickly, Yu worked day and night. He guided his team to create a complete design after three months of hard work. After working in hard environments for years, his body became weak. But he never gave up. On October 16, 1964, China’s first atomic bomb exploded (原子弹爆炸) successfully. Later, on June 17, 1967, China’s first hydrogen bomb exploded, making China the fastest country to go from atomic to hydrogen bombs, much quicker than the USA (7 years), France (8.5 years) or the UK (4.5 years). Yu came back to public view in 1999, receiving the “Two Bombs, One Satellite” Merit Award for his work, together with some other scientists such as Sun Jiadong, Qian Sanqiang, Qian Xuesen and Deng Jiaxian. In 2015, Yu Min won the National Science and Technology Award. In January 2019, Yu Min died, leaving his deep love for the country. 1．Where was Yu Min born? 2．How long did Yu Min keep his work a secret? 3．When did China’s first atomic bomb explode? 4．Which country was the fastest to go from atomic to hydrogen bombs? 5．What can you learn from Yu Min? Passage 3 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每题答案不超过 6 个词。 A True Pioneer: Tu Youyou Tu Youyou is a Chinese scientist who won the Nobel Prize in 2015. She is the first Chinese woman to receive this honor in the field of medicine. Her discovery of a new drug (药物) for malaria (疟疾) has saved millions of lives around the world. Tu Youyou was born in 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. She studied medicine at Peking University and later worked at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. In the 1960s, she was chosen to lead a research team to find a cure for malaria. At that time, malaria was a deadly disease that killed thousands of people every year. The research was extremely difficult. There were no modern laboratories or advanced equipment. Tu Youyou and her team had to study ancient Chinese medical books and test hundreds of herbs (草药). After many failures, she finally discovered that a herb called Artemisia annua (青蒿) could effectively treat malaria. To test its safety, she even volunteered to take the drug herself. Thanks to Tu Youyou’s discovery, millions of lives have been saved, especially in poor countries in Africa and Southeast Asia. Her work shows that traditional Chinese medicine can make great contributions to modern science. It was her perseverance (毅力) and dedication (奉献) that made her an inspiring figure. 1．When did Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize? 2．Where was Tu Youyou born? 3．What did Tu Youyou study at Peking University? 4．Why did Tu Youyou volunteer to take the drug herself? 5．What made Tu Youyou an inspiring figure? Passage 4 Wang Zhenyi (1768–1797) was a famous woman scientist. She was very interested in reading when she was a child and was very clever. Her grandfather was her first teacher in astronomy (天文学), her grandmother was her teacher of poems, and her father taught her medicine, geography, and maths. Although she only lived to be twenty-nine, Wang Zhenyi wrote a lot of articles on astronomy, such as Theory of the Earth’s Roundness. Not only did she study the research (研究) of others, but also she was able to do her own research. Wang’s most famous experiment (实验) was done at her home in Nanjing. She placed a round table in a garden to be the Earth, and hung (悬挂) a lamp to be the sun. Then on one side of the table she had a round mirror as the moon. She moved these three things as if they were the sun, Earth, and moon. Her findings were recorded in her article, The Explanation of a Lunar Eclipse. She worked hard at her study of maths. She rewrote the book Principles of Calculation and this made learning maths easier for beginners. She also wrote a book called The Simple Principles of Calculation when she was twenty-four. Her studies were difficult but she once said, “There were times when I had to put down my pen. But I love the subject, so I won't give up.” 阅读短文，完成下列各题。 1．When was Wang Zhenyi born? 2．Who taught Wang Zhenyi poems? 3．Where did Wang Zhenyi do her most famous experiment? 4．Why did Wang Zhenyi rewrite the book Principles of Calculation? Passage 5 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每小题有字数限制。 Wang Yaping is a famous Chinese astronaut. She is an inspiring woman who has realized her space dream and encouraged thousands of young people. Wang Yaping was born in Shandong in 1980. She had a dream of flying when she was a little girl. To realize her dream, she kept strict self-discipline every day. She exercised hard to keep fit and studied professional knowledge carefully. In 2001, she became a professional pilot. Space training is extremely hard. She faced high-pressure training and long-time hard work. She once overcame many physical and mental difficulties. However, she never gave up her space dream. In 2013, she took part in the Shenzhou-10 mission and gave a space lecture for students on Earth. In 2021, she went to space again with Shenzhou-13. Wang Yaping is the first Chinese female astronaut to work in China’s space station. She has spent more than 190 days in space, setting a new record for Chinese female astronauts. Her story inspires young people greatly. She tells teenagers that dreams are valuable and persistence can make dreams come true. 1．Where was Wang Yaping born? (不超过10个词) 2．When did Wang Yaping become a professional pilot? (不超过5个词) 3．What difficulties did Wang Yaping overcome? (不超过15个词) 4．What is the main idea of the passage? (不超过20个词) 5．What can you learn from Wang Yaping? (不超过25个词) 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·四川广安·期末）阅读下面的短文，然后根据文章内容简要回答第1至5小题，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应位置。 Yang Zhenning: A Great Physicist (物理学家) The world-famous physicist Yang Zhenning died in Beijing on October 18th, 2025. He is a great scientist as well as an important person in China’s scientific development. Yang Zhenning was born in Hefei, Anhui Province, on October 1st, 1922. He showed great talent (天赋)in science when he was young. He studied at Southwest Associated University in Kunming during the difficult times of war. After finishing school, he got a chance to further his study in the United States. There, he worked hard and made a great success in physics. One of his most important contributions (贡献)is the Yang-Mills theory (理论). This theory has a deep influence on modern physics. It helps scientists better understand the universe. Yang Zhenning’s work not only won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957, but also made him respected by scientists around the world. In his later years, Yang Zhenning returned to China. He couldn’t wait to do something to help our country with science and education. He taught at Tsinghua University, sharing his knowledge and wide view (见解)with young students. Yang’s life is a great example of how one can get great success through hard work and love for science. His story encourages young people around the world to run after their dreams in science. 1．How old was Yang Zhenning when he died? (no more than 3 words) 2．What did Yang Zhenning show great talent in when he was young? (no more than 1 word) 3．Does the Yang-Mills theory have a deep influence on modern physics? (no more than 3 words) 4．When did Yang Zhenning win the Nobel Prize in Physics? (no more than 2 words) 5．What did Yang Zhenning do when teaching at Tsinghua University? (no more than 8 words) Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·山东聊城·期中）Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. He is known as “the father of China’s space program” and “the king of the rocket”. When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study. After graduation, he worked in America for a few years, where his working conditions were better. In the early 1950s, he heard New China had been founded (成立) and decided not to stay in America any longer. He succeeded in coming back to his motherland in 1955 though the American government tried to stop him. In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested setting up a special organization, which later became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel programs. In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket. Qian also played an important role in developing China’s first man-made satellite (卫星). On April 24, 1970, “Dongfanghong-1” was successfully sent into the air. In 1964, a young man wrote Qian Xuesen a letter and pointed out a mistake in his published article. Qian immediately answered the letter and encouraged the young man to write an article about the mistake. Zhu Yilin, who was said to be the last student of Qian Xuesen, once said, “I learned a lot of professional knowledge as well as the spirit and attitude that a scientist should have from Mr Qian, especially his deep love for the motherland. Without that, he couldn’t have helped to develop science and technology when New China was badly in need of scientists for its development. Without that, he would not have made the great contribution (贡献) to rocket industry in the late 1950s and early 1960s when conditions in China were too hard.” Mr Qian has been dead for more than ten years, but he will live in the memory of Chinese people forever. 1．Why did Qian Xuesen go to America when he was young? 2．When was China’s first medium rocket created? 3．In Zhu Yilin’s opinion, what made Qian Xuesen work hard for his motherland? 4．What did New China need at that time? 5．Has Mr Qian been dead for more than ten years? Passage 3 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答下列问题，每题答案不超过6个单词 Heroes are everywhere. They are not always the people we see on TV or in movies. Sometimes, heroes are the people closest to us—our parents, teachers, or friends. My father is my hero. He came from a poor family and had to work hard from a young age. Despite many difficulties, he never gave up. He studied hard and eventually became a doctor. Now, he spends his time helping people in rural areas who cannot afford medical care. What makes my father a hero is not his success, but his kindness. He always puts others first. He has taught me that true heroism lies in helping others and making a positive difference in the world. I believe that everyone has the potential to be a hero. You don’t need to be rich or famous. All you need is a caring heart and a willingness to help others. 1．Where are heroes according to the passage? 2．Who is the writer’s hero? 3．What does the writer’s father do for a living? 4．What makes the writer’s father a hero? 5．What does the writer believe about being a hero? Passage 4 阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题（请注意每小题的词数要求）。 Yue Fei was a famous military general (将军) in Chinese history. He was born in 1103 in Henan Province. Though his family was poor, his mother taught him to read and write and raised him to love his country. As a general, he led his army to win many wars. In 1125, the Jin army from the north fought against the Song Dynasty and tried to take over its central lands. Yue decided to fight the enemy in order to protect his country and the people. Before he set out, his mother asked him, “Right now the country is facing great difficulty. What exactly do you plan to do?” “Serve my country with all my heart,” Yue said. That was what Yue Fei’s mother hoped her son would do. It was not easy for Yue Fei’s mother to encourage her son to do something so dangerous. She decided to tattoo (给……文身) the words onto her son’s back so that he would not forget them. His mother asked, “My child, getting a tattoo is very painful. Are you afraid?” Yue said, “Mum, a little needle (针) is nothing. If I were scared of it, how could I face going to war on the front line?” Keeping these words in mind, Yue beat the Jin army many times. Sadly, Yue Fei was killed by the emperor later because of Qin Hui’s action, but his spirit was passed down to later generations. We need to respect and learn from Yue Fei. 1．How old was Yue Fei when the Jin army fought against the Song Dynasty? (不超过5个词) 2．Why did Yue Fei’s mother tattoo the words on his back? (不超过15个词) 3．What is the most important spirit we can learn from Yue Fei? (不超过10个词) Passage 5 阅读下面的材料,根据内容回答问题。 In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi was a great poet. His life was interesting but not easy. Even though he met many difficulties, he still wanted to achieve his political (政治的) dreams and help the people. At the start of his work life, Su Shi showed great talent. But when he began to work in politics, he found it not easy to put his ideas into practice. Different political groups often had different ideas, so reaching an agreement on rules was very hard. Later, Su Shi was sent to Huangzhou, a small and quiet place. But he didn’t feel sad. Instead, he spent time thinking about what life really means. He talked and played with local people, and enjoyed the simple happy things in life. During this time, he wrote many great works. These works not only told his own thoughts, but also left valuable cultural gifts for people in the future. Su Shi’s story still encourages people today. It tells us that even when we face big problems, we can still try our best to make progress and make a name in history. His effort for literature and his positive way of living will always live on. 1．When did Su Shi live? 2．What difficulties did Su Shi meet when he began to work in politics? 3．How did Su Shi express his thoughts in Huangzhou? 4．Do you admire Su Shi? Why? Write 30 words or more. Passage 6 （2026·江苏盐城·三模）阅读并回答问题 Ban Chao was a famous general of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 A．D．—220 A．D．). He once led 36 men to the State of Shanshan (鄯善) to express the Han’s wish to build friendly ties with the state. At first, the King of Shanshan was friendly to them, but suddenly, with no clear reason, he began to treat them coldly. In fact, the Huns (匈奴) had also sent messengers to Shanshan in order to cause trouble between the Han and Shanshan. Facing both sides, the King of Shanshan began to feel unsure. When Ban Chao realized what was happening, he gathered his men and said, “We are in great danger now. If things go on like this, Shanshan might catch us and hand us over to the Huns. Then we won’t be able to complete our mission, and we will die!” “What should we do now?” the men asked. “We’ll follow your orders!” Ban Chao said, “You can’t catch a tiger’s cub unless you enter its den. We must take action. Let’s kill the Huns’ messengers tonight!” That night, Ban Chao led a sudden attack on the Huns’ camp. After a hard fight, the general and his 36 men killed more than 100 of the Huns. The next day, Ban Chao met the King of Shanshan and told him about the event. As soon as the King heard this, he was impressed by their bravery. He admired them, but at the same time, he felt afraid of them. He then signed a peace agreement with the Han. 回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 1．Why did Ban Chao lead his men to the State of Shanshan? 2．Who sent messengers to cause trouble between the Han and Shanshan? 3．How did Ban Chao deal with the dangerous situation? 4．What did the King of Shanshan do at last? 5．What do you think of Ban Chao? Passage 7 （2026·江苏常州·一模）阅读下面短文，回答短文后的问题。（前3题每题答案不超过10个词）。 If you were asked to introduce Lu You, how would you describe him? Perhaps as a famous poet who loved his country. But do you know that Lu is also a “slashie (斜杠青年)” of his time? If he had a social media introduction, it might read like this: poet / politician (政治家) / food expert / cat person. On November 13, 2025, people celebrated the 900th birthday of Lu. Born in the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu was one of the poets who wrote many poems in Chinese history. About 9,300 of his poems are still around today. Most of his poems are filled with a wish to protect his homeland, making him a famous patriotic (爱国的) poet. He was successful as a poet but had much trouble as a politician and was finally removed from his job. However, he didn’t feel down, finding joy in other hobbies instead. For example, he loved flowers and food a lot. While serving in the Shu region, he wrote a book that listed 65 pomelo (柚子) types. He also wrote over 100 poems about cooking and growing vegetables. Many believe that his secret to long life-he lived to 85-was his healthy eating habits. He even wrote a poem about the good things of porridge (粥). Lu also found comfort in his cat friends. He wrote funny poems to his cats, showing how cute they were and how they gave him warmth on cold days. The poems show that he was a true “cat person”. As a mix of a great national dreamer and someone who loved life’s small joys, Lu showed us how to face difficulties and how to live a full life. 1．What are most of Lu You’s poems filled with? 2．To find life joy, what other hobbies did Lu have? 3．Why was Lu You called a true “cat person”? 4．Do you admire Lu? Why? Passage 8 （25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·阶段检测）1~4题答案不超过7个单词，第5小题词数不限。 Xu Xiake (1587—1641) was a famous Chinese geographer, traveler, and writer during the Ming Dynasty. He is widely known for his lifelong exploration of China’s landscapes and his detailed travel notes, which have become a valuable cultural heritage. Born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, Xu Xiake was not interested in traditional Confucian studies or official careers. Instead, he loved nature and dreamed of travelling. With his mother’s support, he began his adventures at the age of 22. Xu Xiake chose to travel across China to explore its natural beauty and record his discoveries. Over 34 years, he visited 21 provinces, climbing mountains, exploring caves, and recording his discoveries. His journeys were often dangerous—he faced extreme weather, wild animals, and even bandits—but he never gave up. Xu’s greatest contribution was his scientific approach to geography. He carefully observed landforms, rivers, and vegetation, correcting many ancient myths and errors. For example, he proved that the Yangtze River’s source was the Jinsha River, not the Min River as previously believed. He also studied karst landforms in southwest China, making him one of the earliest researchers in this field. His travel notes, compiled into The Travels of Xu Xiake, are not only scientific records but also beautiful literature. They vividly describe local customs, scenery and Xu’s personal experiences. The book offers a unique view of China’s geography and culture during the Ming Dynasty. Xu Xiake’s legacy inspires people today. His spirit of adventure, love for nature, and dedication to learning remind us to explore the world with an open mind. 1．Where was Xu Xiake born? 2．Who supported Xu Xiake’s adventures at first? 3．How long did Xu Xiake spend on his journeys? 4．What is The Travels of Xu Xiake mainly about? 5．Why is Xu Xiake still remembered today in your opinion? ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Heroes 阅读表达题型专练（话题：人与社会——英勇事迹和高尚品质） 热点题型概览 阅读表达 阅读表达所提的问题中,一般疑问句的提问方式频率很低,有时完全删掉,“wh-疑问词”开头的特殊疑问句越来越多,意味着对文章理解要求越来越高。复习备考中,考生要切实提高阅读理解能力和表达能力。平时练习中要通过精读完全理解文章。 1. 先看问题，再读文章：把握主题，确定方向，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，高效省时。 2. 细读全文，认真推敲：细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词。 3. 复读全文，验证答案：在找到答案后，应将答案带入问题中，检查有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。 注意事项 1. 答题有据，避免主观。 2. 符合原文的答案 ＝ 正确答案 ≠ 最佳答案 3. 解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善于思考。要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己方法或，实践出真知，多练出效益。 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·黑龙江佳木斯·阶段检测）Everyone has a hero in his heart. The hero in my heart is Yuan Longping who is a great Chinese scientist. He is known as “the Father of Hybrid Rice (杂交水稻之父)” Yuan Longping was born on 7th, the ninth month of the year 1930. He studied very hard when he was young. After graduating from college in 1953, he became a teacher in an agriculture ( 农业) school. In 1960, Yuan Longping saw many people die of hunger, so he decided to do some research into a new kind of hybrid rice. After fifteen years’ hard work, Yuan Longping and his students made a great wonder in 1975—feeding nearly 20% of the world’s population with less than 9% of the world’s farm—land (耕地). So far, more than 100 countries in Asia, Africa and America have grown hybrid rice. Many people look up to Yuan Longping because he spent all his life working for people on the earth. Although he has been dead, we will never forget him. His spirit always encourages us to try our best to serve our country. There is no doubt that Yuan Longping is a great hero. 根据短文内容，回答问题。 (回答词数不得超过13个词) 1．When was Yuan Longping born? 2．What did Yuan Longping do after graduating from college in 1953? 3．How many years did Yuan Longping spend on hybrid rice research before achieving the great wonder? 4．Which continents (大洲) have grown hybrid rice so far? 5．What spirit of Yuan Longping encourages us? 【答案】1．He was born on September 7th, 1930. 2．He worked as an agriculture school teacher. 3．He spent 15 years on it. 4．Asia, Africa and America. 5．To try our best to serve our country. 【导语】本文主要讲述了杂交水稻之父——袁隆平的生平。 【详解】1．第二段“Yuan Longping was born on 7th, the ninth month of the year 1930.”明确给出袁隆平出生日期是1930年9月7日，提炼出符合词数要求的答案即可。 2．第二段“After graduating from college in 1953, he became a teacher in an agriculture school.”介绍1953年大学毕业后，他在一所农业学校担任教师，答案是原文的直接信息。第三段“After fifteen years’ hard work, Yuan Longping and his students made a great wonder in 1975.”说明取得成就的时间长度为15年，提取关键信息作答。 3．第三段“So far. more than 100 countries in Asia, Africa and America have grown hybrid rice.”介绍目前种植杂交水稻的大洲为亚洲、非洲和美洲，提取关键信息作答。 4．第三段“His spirit always encourages us to try our best to serve our country.”点明他的精神，鼓励我们尽全力为国家服务，答案是原文的直接信息。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·河北沧州·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Yu Min was an important Chinese nuclear physicist (核物理学家) and was honored as “the father of Chinese Hydrogen Bomb (氢弹)”. Yu Min was born in Tianjin in 1926. When he was in high school, he was an excellent student. Later, he studied at Peking University. In 1951, he became a scientist and began to study nuclear physics. In 1961, when Yu was given the work of researching the hydrogen bomb, he accepted it without thinking twice. For the next 28 years, his work remained secret (秘密的) and stayed hidden from the public. Even his family didn’t know his work. To develop China’s own hydrogen bomb quickly, Yu worked day and night. He guided his team to create a complete design after three months of hard work. After working in hard environments for years, his body became weak. But he never gave up. On October 16, 1964, China’s first atomic bomb exploded (原子弹爆炸) successfully. Later, on June 17, 1967, China’s first hydrogen bomb exploded, making China the fastest country to go from atomic to hydrogen bombs, much quicker than the USA (7 years), France (8.5 years) or the UK (4.5 years). Yu came back to public view in 1999, receiving the “Two Bombs, One Satellite” Merit Award for his work, together with some other scientists such as Sun Jiadong, Qian Sanqiang, Qian Xuesen and Deng Jiaxian. In 2015, Yu Min won the National Science and Technology Award. In January 2019, Yu Min died, leaving his deep love for the country. 1．Where was Yu Min born? 2．How long did Yu Min keep his work a secret? 3．When did China’s first atomic bomb explode? 4．Which country was the fastest to go from atomic to hydrogen bombs? 5．What can you learn from Yu Min? 【答案】1．He was born in Tianjin. 2．For 28 years. 3．On October 16, 1964. 4．China was the fastest. 5．Love for the country. He kept his important job a secret for 28 years and tried his best to finish it well. （答案不唯一，合理即可） 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了“中国氢弹之父”于敏的生平经历，讲述他隐姓埋名28年潜心研发氢弹、克服艰苦条件完成科研突破并斩获多项荣誉，一生为国奉献的感人事迹。 【详解】1．根据第二段第一句“Yu Min was born in Tianjin in 1926.”可知原文已经给出了“出生地”信息是天津，直接提取。 2．根据第二段“For the next 28 years, his work remained secret and stayed hidden from the public.” 原文明确给出保密时长28年，直接提取。 3．根据第三段“On October 16, 1964, China’s first atomic bomb exploded successfully.” 可知原文已经给出了具体的时间信息，直接提取。 4．根据第三段“…making China the fastest country to go from atomic to hydrogen bombs…”原文点明是中国的速度最快。因此答案就是原文直接信息。 5．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，根据原文提炼品质，比如“隐姓埋名28年、日夜奋战、艰苦环境不放弃、为国奉献”，总结出“坚持不懈、无私奉献、热爱祖国、刻苦钻研”等精神，写出自己的观点，合理作答即可。 Passage 3 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每题答案不超过 6 个词。 A True Pioneer: Tu Youyou Tu Youyou is a Chinese scientist who won the Nobel Prize in 2015. She is the first Chinese woman to receive this honor in the field of medicine. Her discovery of a new drug (药物) for malaria (疟疾) has saved millions of lives around the world. Tu Youyou was born in 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. She studied medicine at Peking University and later worked at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. In the 1960s, she was chosen to lead a research team to find a cure for malaria. At that time, malaria was a deadly disease that killed thousands of people every year. The research was extremely difficult. There were no modern laboratories or advanced equipment. Tu Youyou and her team had to study ancient Chinese medical books and test hundreds of herbs (草药). After many failures, she finally discovered that a herb called Artemisia annua (青蒿) could effectively treat malaria. To test its safety, she even volunteered to take the drug herself. Thanks to Tu Youyou’s discovery, millions of lives have been saved, especially in poor countries in Africa and Southeast Asia. Her work shows that traditional Chinese medicine can make great contributions to modern science. It was her perseverance (毅力) and dedication (奉献) that made her an inspiring figure. 1．When did Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize? 2．Where was Tu Youyou born? 3．What did Tu Youyou study at Peking University? 4．Why did Tu Youyou volunteer to take the drug herself? 5．What made Tu Youyou an inspiring figure? 【答案】1．In 2015. 2．In Ningbo, Zhejiang. 3．Medicine. 4．To test its safety. 5．Perseverance and dedication. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了中国科学家屠呦呦的生平、她发现治疗疟疾新药的艰难过程，以及她凭借毅力与奉献精神获得诺贝尔奖并激励他人的事迹。 【详解】1．文章第一段第一句“Tu Youyou is a Chinese scientist who won the Nobel Prize in 2015.”直接给出答案，屠呦呦是在2015年获得诺贝尔奖的。 2．文章第二段第一句“Tu Youyou was born in 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province.”直接给出答案，屠呦呦出生在浙江省宁波市。 3．文章第二段第二句“She studied medicine at Peking University ...”直接给出答案，屠呦呦在北京大学学习的是医学。 4．文章第三段倒数第一句“To test its safety, she even volunteered to take the drug herself.”直接给出答案，她自愿试药是为了测试药物的安全性。 5．文章最后一段最后一句“It was her perseverance (毅力) and dedication (奉献) that made her an inspiring figure.”直接给出答案，是她的毅力和奉献精神使她成为一个鼓舞人心的人物。 Passage 4 Wang Zhenyi (1768–1797) was a famous woman scientist. She was very interested in reading when she was a child and was very clever. Her grandfather was her first teacher in astronomy (天文学), her grandmother was her teacher of poems, and her father taught her medicine, geography, and maths. Although she only lived to be twenty-nine, Wang Zhenyi wrote a lot of articles on astronomy, such as Theory of the Earth’s Roundness. Not only did she study the research (研究) of others, but also she was able to do her own research. Wang’s most famous experiment (实验) was done at her home in Nanjing. She placed a round table in a garden to be the Earth, and hung (悬挂) a lamp to be the sun. Then on one side of the table she had a round mirror as the moon. She moved these three things as if they were the sun, Earth, and moon. Her findings were recorded in her article, The Explanation of a Lunar Eclipse. She worked hard at her study of maths. She rewrote the book Principles of Calculation and this made learning maths easier for beginners. She also wrote a book called The Simple Principles of Calculation when she was twenty-four. Her studies were difficult but she once said, “There were times when I had to put down my pen. But I love the subject, so I won't give up.” 阅读短文，完成下列各题。 1．When was Wang Zhenyi born? 2．Who taught Wang Zhenyi poems? 3．Where did Wang Zhenyi do her most famous experiment? 4．Why did Wang Zhenyi rewrite the book Principles of Calculation? 【答案】1．She was born in 1768. 2．Her grandmother. 3．At her home in Nanjing. 4．To make learning maths easier for beginners. 【导语】本文主要介绍了清代著名女科学家王贞仪的相关情况。 【详解】1．文章第一句直接给出“Wang Zhenyi (1768-1797) was a famous woman scientist.”，从中可以提取出她的出生年份是1768年。 2．文章第一段明确提到“Her grandfather was her first teacher in astronomy, her grandmother was her teacher of poems”，可知她的祖母教她诗歌。 3．文章第二段写明“Wang’s most famous experiment was done at her home in Nanjing.”，直接说明了这个最知名的实验的开展地点。 4．文章第三段指出“She rewrote the book Principles of Calculation and this made learning maths easier for beginners.”，清晰给出了她重写这本书的原因是让初学者学习数学变得更容易。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每小题有字数限制。 Wang Yaping is a famous Chinese astronaut. She is an inspiring woman who has realized her space dream and encouraged thousands of young people. Wang Yaping was born in Shandong in 1980. She had a dream of flying when she was a little girl. To realize her dream, she kept strict self-discipline every day. She exercised hard to keep fit and studied professional knowledge carefully. In 2001, she became a professional pilot. Space training is extremely hard. She faced high-pressure training and long-time hard work. She once overcame many physical and mental difficulties. However, she never gave up her space dream. In 2013, she took part in the Shenzhou-10 mission and gave a space lecture for students on Earth. In 2021, she went to space again with Shenzhou-13. Wang Yaping is the first Chinese female astronaut to work in China’s space station. She has spent more than 190 days in space, setting a new record for Chinese female astronauts. Her story inspires young people greatly. She tells teenagers that dreams are valuable and persistence can make dreams come true. 1．Where was Wang Yaping born? (不超过10个词) 2．When did Wang Yaping become a professional pilot? (不超过5个词) 3．What difficulties did Wang Yaping overcome? (不超过15个词) 4．What is the main idea of the passage? (不超过20个词) 5．What can you learn from Wang Yaping? (不超过25个词) 【答案】1．She was born in Shandong. 2．In 2001. 3．She overcame many physical and mental difficulties. 4．It introduces an inspiring astronaut Wang Yaping and her achievements. 5．I learn to stick to dreams and keep working hard.（答案合理即可） 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国宇航员王亚平的成长经历、太空任务成就以及她给年轻人带来的鼓舞。 【详解】1．根据文章第2段“Wang Yaping was born in Shandong in 1980.”可知，她出生在山东。故回答为She was born in Shandong. 2．根据文章第2段“In 2001, she became a professional pilot.”可知，她成为飞行员的时间。故回答为In 2001. 3．根据文章第3段“She once overcame many physical and mental difficulties.”可知，她克服的困难类型。故回答为She overcame many physical and mental difficulties. 4．根据文章第1段“She is an inspiring woman who has realized her space dream and encouraged thousands of young people.”可知文章主旨。故回答为It introduces inspiring astronaut Wang Yaping and her achievements. 5．根据文章第5段“She tells teenagers that dreams are valuable and persistence can make dreams come true.”可知我们能学到的道理。故答案为I learn to stick to dreams and keep working hard. 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·四川广安·期末）阅读下面的短文，然后根据文章内容简要回答第1至5小题，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应位置。 Yang Zhenning: A Great Physicist (物理学家) The world-famous physicist Yang Zhenning died in Beijing on October 18th, 2025. He is a great scientist as well as an important person in China’s scientific development. Yang Zhenning was born in Hefei, Anhui Province, on October 1st, 1922. He showed great talent (天赋)in science when he was young. He studied at Southwest Associated University in Kunming during the difficult times of war. After finishing school, he got a chance to further his study in the United States. There, he worked hard and made a great success in physics. One of his most important contributions (贡献)is the Yang-Mills theory (理论). This theory has a deep influence on modern physics. It helps scientists better understand the universe. Yang Zhenning’s work not only won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957, but also made him respected by scientists around the world. In his later years, Yang Zhenning returned to China. He couldn’t wait to do something to help our country with science and education. He taught at Tsinghua University, sharing his knowledge and wide view (见解)with young students. Yang’s life is a great example of how one can get great success through hard work and love for science. His story encourages young people around the world to run after their dreams in science. 1．How old was Yang Zhenning when he died? (no more than 3 words) 2．What did Yang Zhenning show great talent in when he was young? (no more than 1 word) 3．Does the Yang-Mills theory have a deep influence on modern physics? (no more than 3 words) 4．When did Yang Zhenning win the Nobel Prize in Physics? (no more than 2 words) 5．What did Yang Zhenning do when teaching at Tsinghua University? (no more than 8 words) 【答案】1．103/103 years old. 2．Science. 3．Yes, it does. 4．1957/In 1957. 5．He shared his knowledge and view with students. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了物理学家杨振宁的生平：出生、求学经历、杨-米尔斯理论、诺贝尔奖成就，晚年回国在清华任教，其奋斗精神激励后辈投身科学。 【详解】1．根据第二段出生时间 1922 年 10 月 1 日，第一段逝世时间 2025 年 10 月 18 日，计算年龄为 103 岁。题目最多限制3个单词，故填103/103 years old.。 2．根据第二段原文“He showed great talent in science when he was young.”可知，杨振宁从小对科学表现出了天赋。题目要求最多 1 个单词，故填Science.。 3．根据第三段“This theory has a deep influence on modern physics.”可知，答案是肯定的，问句以助动词Does开头，故填Yes, it does.。 4．根据第三段“won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957” 可知，是1957年获得了诺贝尔奖。题目限制最多 2 个单词，故填1957/In 1957.。 5．根据第四段最后一句“sharing his knowledge and wide view with young students”可知在清华大学任教的时候，杨振宁和学生们分享他的知识和见识。问句是一般过去时态，应改写为动词过去式作回答，题目限制最多 8 个单词，故填He shared his knowledge and view with students.。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·山东聊城·期中）Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. He is known as “the father of China’s space program” and “the king of the rocket”. When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study. After graduation, he worked in America for a few years, where his working conditions were better. In the early 1950s, he heard New China had been founded (成立) and decided not to stay in America any longer. He succeeded in coming back to his motherland in 1955 though the American government tried to stop him. In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested setting up a special organization, which later became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel programs. In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket. Qian also played an important role in developing China’s first man-made satellite (卫星). On April 24, 1970, “Dongfanghong-1” was successfully sent into the air. In 1964, a young man wrote Qian Xuesen a letter and pointed out a mistake in his published article. Qian immediately answered the letter and encouraged the young man to write an article about the mistake. Zhu Yilin, who was said to be the last student of Qian Xuesen, once said, “I learned a lot of professional knowledge as well as the spirit and attitude that a scientist should have from Mr Qian, especially his deep love for the motherland. Without that, he couldn’t have helped to develop science and technology when New China was badly in need of scientists for its development. Without that, he would not have made the great contribution (贡献) to rocket industry in the late 1950s and early 1960s when conditions in China were too hard.” Mr Qian has been dead for more than ten years, but he will live in the memory of Chinese people forever. 1．Why did Qian Xuesen go to America when he was young? 2．When was China’s first medium rocket created? 3．In Zhu Yilin’s opinion, what made Qian Xuesen work hard for his motherland? 4．What did New China need at that time? 5．Has Mr Qian been dead for more than ten years? 【答案】1．For further study./Because Qian went to America for further study. 2．In June 1964. 3．Qian’s deep love for the motherland. 4．New China was badly in need of scientists. 5．Yes./Yes, he has. 【导语】本文介绍了钱学森的生平经历、留学归国历程、为中国航天火箭事业做出的卓越贡献，以及他爱国敬业的科学家精神。 【详解】1．第二段明确指出：“When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study.”，这是钱学森赴美求学的原因，可直接提取作答。 2．第三段中明确写道：“In June 1964, China successfully created its first medium rocket.”，可直接提取时间作答。 3．第五段学生朱一霖的评价中明确提到：“especially his deep love for the motherland. Without that, he couldn’t have helped to develop science and technology...”，是钱学森对祖国深沉的热爱让他为国效力，可直接提取作答。 4．第五段明确指出：“when New China was badly in need of scientists for its development.”，点明了当时新中国急需科研人才，可直接提取作答。 5．最后一段明确写道：“Mr Qian has been dead for more than ten years, but he will live in the memory of Chinese people forever.”，因此答案是肯定的。 Passage 3 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答下列问题，每题答案不超过6个单词 Heroes are everywhere. They are not always the people we see on TV or in movies. Sometimes, heroes are the people closest to us—our parents, teachers, or friends. My father is my hero. He came from a poor family and had to work hard from a young age. Despite many difficulties, he never gave up. He studied hard and eventually became a doctor. Now, he spends his time helping people in rural areas who cannot afford medical care. What makes my father a hero is not his success, but his kindness. He always puts others first. He has taught me that true heroism lies in helping others and making a positive difference in the world. I believe that everyone has the potential to be a hero. You don’t need to be rich or famous. All you need is a caring heart and a willingness to help others. 1．Where are heroes according to the passage? 2．Who is the writer’s hero? 3．What does the writer’s father do for a living? 4．What makes the writer’s father a hero? 5．What does the writer believe about being a hero? 【答案】1．Everywhere. 2．His father. 3．A doctor. 4．His kindness/helping others. 5．Everyone can be a hero. 【导语】本文主要讲述了英雄无处不在，他们可能是我们身边的普通人，作者以自己父亲为例，阐述了真正的英雄在于善良和帮助他人，并认为每个人都有成为英雄的潜力。 【详解】1．根据第一段第一句“Heroes are everywhere.”可知，英雄无处不在，因此答案是原文直接信息。 2．根据第二段第一句“My father is my hero.”可知，作者的英雄是他的父亲，因此答案是原文直接信息。 3．根据第二段第四句“He studied hard and eventually became a doctor.”可知，作者的父亲是一名医生，因此答案是原文直接信息。 4．根据第三段第一句“What makes my father a hero is not his success, but his kindness.”可知，使作者父亲成为英雄的是他的善良，因此答案是原文直接信息。 5．根据最后一段第一句“I believe that everyone has the potential to be a hero.”可知，作者相信每个人都有成为英雄的潜力，因此答案是原文直接信息。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题（请注意每小题的词数要求）。 Yue Fei was a famous military general (将军) in Chinese history. He was born in 1103 in Henan Province. Though his family was poor, his mother taught him to read and write and raised him to love his country. As a general, he led his army to win many wars. In 1125, the Jin army from the north fought against the Song Dynasty and tried to take over its central lands. Yue decided to fight the enemy in order to protect his country and the people. Before he set out, his mother asked him, “Right now the country is facing great difficulty. What exactly do you plan to do?” “Serve my country with all my heart,” Yue said. That was what Yue Fei’s mother hoped her son would do. It was not easy for Yue Fei’s mother to encourage her son to do something so dangerous. She decided to tattoo (给……文身) the words onto her son’s back so that he would not forget them. His mother asked, “My child, getting a tattoo is very painful. Are you afraid?” Yue said, “Mum, a little needle (针) is nothing. If I were scared of it, how could I face going to war on the front line?” Keeping these words in mind, Yue beat the Jin army many times. Sadly, Yue Fei was killed by the emperor later because of Qin Hui’s action, but his spirit was passed down to later generations. We need to respect and learn from Yue Fei. 1．How old was Yue Fei when the Jin army fought against the Song Dynasty? (不超过5个词) 2．Why did Yue Fei’s mother tattoo the words on his back? (不超过15个词) 3．What is the most important spirit we can learn from Yue Fei? (不超过10个词) 【答案】1．He was twenty-two years old./Twenty-two years old./Twenty-two./He was 22 years old./He was 22./22. 2．Because she wanted him to always remember to serve his country with all his heart. 3．Love and loyalty to his country. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了南宋抗金名将岳飞的生平事迹、母亲刺字的故事及其精忠报国的精神。 【详解】1．根据第一段“He was born in 1103（他出生于1103年）”和第二段“In 1125, the Jin army from the north fought against the Song Dynasty（1125年，北方的金军与宋朝作战）”可知，岳飞当时22 岁（1125-1103=22）。结合计算结果表达年龄。 2．根据第二段“Serve my country with all my heart”和第三段“She decided to tattoo the words onto her son’s back so that he would not forget them.（她决定把这些字纹在儿子的背上，以便他不会忘记。）”可知，母亲刺字是为了让他记住他说的话。用“Because she wanted him to remember to...”结构来表达，将岳飞原话中的my改为his。 3．根据第二段“Serve my country with all my heart（全心全意报效祖国）”及最后一段“his spirit was passed down to later generations（他的精神被传承给后代）”可知，我们要学习他精忠报国的精神，即他对国家的热爱和忠诚。love“热爱”，loyalty“忠诚”，均为名词。 Passage 5 阅读下面的材料,根据内容回答问题。 In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi was a great poet. His life was interesting but not easy. Even though he met many difficulties, he still wanted to achieve his political (政治的) dreams and help the people. At the start of his work life, Su Shi showed great talent. But when he began to work in politics, he found it not easy to put his ideas into practice. Different political groups often had different ideas, so reaching an agreement on rules was very hard. Later, Su Shi was sent to Huangzhou, a small and quiet place. But he didn’t feel sad. Instead, he spent time thinking about what life really means. He talked and played with local people, and enjoyed the simple happy things in life. During this time, he wrote many great works. These works not only told his own thoughts, but also left valuable cultural gifts for people in the future. Su Shi’s story still encourages people today. It tells us that even when we face big problems, we can still try our best to make progress and make a name in history. His effort for literature and his positive way of living will always live on. 1．When did Su Shi live? 2．What difficulties did Su Shi meet when he began to work in politics? 3．How did Su Shi express his thoughts in Huangzhou? 4．Do you admire Su Shi? Why? Write 30 words or more. 【答案】1．He lived in the Song Dynasty. 2．It was not easy to put his ideas into practice. 3．By writing many great works. 4．Yes, I do. Because he was a brave and positive man. When he met difficulties, he tried his best to make progress and kept going in life. Though he lived a simple life, he wrote many great works. 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记类记叙文。文章主要讲述了宋代诗人苏轼的生平经历，包括他的政治抱负、遇到的困难、被贬黄州后的生活态度及其文学成就，以及他对后人的激励作用。 【详解】1．根据文章第一段“In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi was a great poet.”可知，苏轼生活在宋朝。 2．根据文章第二段“ But when he began to work in politics, he found it not easy to put his ideas into practice.”可知，苏轼从政后遭遇的困境是自身的政治主张难以落地实施。 3．根据文章第三段“During this time, he wrote many great works. These works not only told his own thoughts...”可知，苏轼通过写文学作品来表达自己的思想。 4．开放表达题。本题询问是否敬佩苏轼及原因，需结合文章内容和个人感受作答，字数不少于30词。 Passage 6 （2026·江苏盐城·三模）阅读并回答问题 Ban Chao was a famous general of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 A．D．—220 A．D．). He once led 36 men to the State of Shanshan (鄯善) to express the Han’s wish to build friendly ties with the state. At first, the King of Shanshan was friendly to them, but suddenly, with no clear reason, he began to treat them coldly. In fact, the Huns (匈奴) had also sent messengers to Shanshan in order to cause trouble between the Han and Shanshan. Facing both sides, the King of Shanshan began to feel unsure. When Ban Chao realized what was happening, he gathered his men and said, “We are in great danger now. If things go on like this, Shanshan might catch us and hand us over to the Huns. Then we won’t be able to complete our mission, and we will die!” “What should we do now?” the men asked. “We’ll follow your orders!” Ban Chao said, “You can’t catch a tiger’s cub unless you enter its den. We must take action. Let’s kill the Huns’ messengers tonight!” That night, Ban Chao led a sudden attack on the Huns’ camp. After a hard fight, the general and his 36 men killed more than 100 of the Huns. The next day, Ban Chao met the King of Shanshan and told him about the event. As soon as the King heard this, he was impressed by their bravery. He admired them, but at the same time, he felt afraid of them. He then signed a peace agreement with the Han. 回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 1．Why did Ban Chao lead his men to the State of Shanshan? 2．Who sent messengers to cause trouble between the Han and Shanshan? 3．How did Ban Chao deal with the dangerous situation? 4．What did the King of Shanshan do at last? 5．What do you think of Ban Chao? 【答案】1．To build friendly ties (with it). / He wanted to build friendly ties. 2．The Huns. 3．He killed the Huns’ messengers. / By killing the Huns’ messengers. 4．He signed a peace agreement. 5．He was brave / calm / ... (when facing difficulty). 【导语】本文讲述东汉名将班超带领部下出使鄯善国，识破匈奴挑拨阴谋，夜袭斩杀匈奴使者，最终促成鄯善与汉朝签订和平协议的历史小故事。 【详解】1．原文第一段“lead his men to…to express the Han’s wish to build friendly ties with the state”，出行目的是缔结友好关系，因此答案：To build friendly ties (with it). / He wanted to build friendly ties. 2．第二段“In fact, the Huns had also sent messengers to cause trouble…”，派出使臣挑拨两国矛盾的是匈奴。 3．第五、六自然段：“Let’s kill the Huns' messengers tonight”以及当夜突袭匈奴营地，班超通过斩杀匈奴使臣化解危机，因此答案：He killed the Hun’s messengers. / By killing the Hun’s messengers. 4．最后一段：“He then signed a peace agreement with the Han”，国王最终和汉朝签署和平协定，答案是原文直接信息。 5．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一。从临危决断、突袭敌营的事迹能看出班超勇敢聪慧，合理作答即可。 Passage 7 （2026·江苏常州·一模）阅读下面短文，回答短文后的问题。（前3题每题答案不超过10个词）。 If you were asked to introduce Lu You, how would you describe him? Perhaps as a famous poet who loved his country. But do you know that Lu is also a “slashie (斜杠青年)” of his time? If he had a social media introduction, it might read like this: poet / politician (政治家) / food expert / cat person. On November 13, 2025, people celebrated the 900th birthday of Lu. Born in the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu was one of the poets who wrote many poems in Chinese history. About 9,300 of his poems are still around today. Most of his poems are filled with a wish to protect his homeland, making him a famous patriotic (爱国的) poet. He was successful as a poet but had much trouble as a politician and was finally removed from his job. However, he didn’t feel down, finding joy in other hobbies instead. For example, he loved flowers and food a lot. While serving in the Shu region, he wrote a book that listed 65 pomelo (柚子) types. He also wrote over 100 poems about cooking and growing vegetables. Many believe that his secret to long life-he lived to 85-was his healthy eating habits. He even wrote a poem about the good things of porridge (粥). Lu also found comfort in his cat friends. He wrote funny poems to his cats, showing how cute they were and how they gave him warmth on cold days. The poems show that he was a true “cat person”. As a mix of a great national dreamer and someone who loved life’s small joys, Lu showed us how to face difficulties and how to live a full life. 1．What are most of Lu You’s poems filled with? 2．To find life joy, what other hobbies did Lu have? 3．Why was Lu You called a true “cat person”? 4．Do you admire Lu? Why? 【答案】1．A wish to protect his homeland. 2．He loved flowers and food. 3．Because he wrote funny poems to cats. 4．Yes. Because he faced difficulties bravely. 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记类说明文。文章主要介绍了南宋诗人陆游的多重身份、他的爱国情怀、生活爱好以及面对困难的生活态度。 【详解】1．根据文章第2段“Most of his poems are filled with a wish to protect his homeland（他的大部分诗歌都充满了保护家园的愿望）”可推知结论陆游的诗大多充满保护家园的愿望。故填A wish to protect his homeland. 2．根据文章第4段“he loved flowers and food a lot（他非常喜爱花卉和食物）”可推知结论他的爱好是花卉和食物。故填He loved flowers and food. 3．根据文章第5段“He wrote funny poems to his cats... The poems show that he was a true ‘cat person’（他给猫写有趣的诗……这些诗表明他是一个真正的‘爱猫人士’）”可推知结论因为他给猫写诗。故填Because he wrote funny poems to cats. 4．根据文章第6段“Lu showed us how to face difficulties and how to live a full life（陆游向我们展示了如何面对困难以及如何过上充实的生活）”可推知结论值得钦佩。故填Yes. Because he faced difficulties bravely. Passage 8 （25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·阶段检测）1~4题答案不超过7个单词，第5小题词数不限。 Xu Xiake (1587—1641) was a famous Chinese geographer, traveler, and writer during the Ming Dynasty. He is widely known for his lifelong exploration of China’s landscapes and his detailed travel notes, which have become a valuable cultural heritage. Born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, Xu Xiake was not interested in traditional Confucian studies or official careers. Instead, he loved nature and dreamed of travelling. With his mother’s support, he began his adventures at the age of 22. Xu Xiake chose to travel across China to explore its natural beauty and record his discoveries. Over 34 years, he visited 21 provinces, climbing mountains, exploring caves, and recording his discoveries. His journeys were often dangerous—he faced extreme weather, wild animals, and even bandits—but he never gave up. Xu’s greatest contribution was his scientific approach to geography. He carefully observed landforms, rivers, and vegetation, correcting many ancient myths and errors. For example, he proved that the Yangtze River’s source was the Jinsha River, not the Min River as previously believed. He also studied karst landforms in southwest China, making him one of the earliest researchers in this field. His travel notes, compiled into The Travels of Xu Xiake, are not only scientific records but also beautiful literature. They vividly describe local customs, scenery and Xu’s personal experiences. The book offers a unique view of China’s geography and culture during the Ming Dynasty. Xu Xiake’s legacy inspires people today. His spirit of adventure, love for nature, and dedication to learning remind us to explore the world with an open mind. 1．Where was Xu Xiake born? 2．Who supported Xu Xiake’s adventures at first? 3．How long did Xu Xiake spend on his journeys? 4．What is The Travels of Xu Xiake mainly about? 5．Why is Xu Xiake still remembered today in your opinion? 【答案】1．In Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province. 2．His mother. 3．34 years. 4．Local customs, scenery and his experiences. 5．Because he had a great spirit of adventure, loved nature, made important geographical discoveries, and left valuable travel notes.（答案不唯一） 【导语】本文介绍了明代地理学家、旅行家徐霞客的生平事迹，包括他的旅行经历、科学贡献以及著作《徐霞客游记》的价值，展现了他勇于探索的精神。 【详解】1．第二段提到“Born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province”，说明徐霞客出生于江苏省江阴。 2．第二段提到“With his mother’s support, he began his adventures at the age of 22.”，说明最初支持徐霞客游历的是他的母亲。 3．第三段提到“Over 34 years, he visited 21 provinces”，说明徐霞客的游历时间长达34年。 4．第五段提到“His travel notes, compiled into The Travels of Xu Xiake, are not only scientific records but also beautiful literature. They vividly describe local customs, scenery and Xu’s personal experiences.”，说明《徐霞客游记》主要记录了各地的风土人情、自然风光以及徐霞客的个人经历。 5．本题为主观开放题，答案不唯一。结合文中徐霞客的科学精神、探险精神及文化贡献，说明他至今被铭记的原因即可。 ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $