Unit 2 People and their jobs_核心语法精讲精练

**基本信息** 沪教版五四学制初中英语UNIT 2同步练，以定语从句为核心，通过"诊断-基础-拔高-综合-语用"分层设计，构建从语法识别到语篇输出的完整巩固路径，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |课前诊断|关系代词选择、句子合并|5题快速定位基础薄弱点，激活前置知识| |基础训练A/B/C|先行词识别、关系代词选择|28题聚焦语法概念，通过圈画、判断等直观题型夯实基础| |拔高训练D/E|易错辨析、句子合并|18题针对重复主语、主谓一致等难点，通过改错与句式转换提升思维准确性| |综合与语用|阅读提取、写作表达|26题（含语篇填空、阅读、写作）在职业主题中综合运用，实现从语言知识到语用能力的迁移|

2026—2027 学年 · 沪教版（五四学制） UNIT 2 · PAGE 01 People and their jobs 核心语法：Relative clauses with who, which or that（由 who、which、that 引导的定语从句） 学习目标 完成后，我能…… 学习证据 识别先行词和定语从句 圈出先行词，用括号括出从句 正确选择 who / which / that 根据人或物及句子结构判断 避免重复主语并保持主谓一致 能解释错误原因并改正 在职业主题中运用定语从句 完成阅读、句子合并和短文表达 课前诊断（不查笔记） 1. A book restorer is a person _____ repairs old books. A. which B. who C. where ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. This is a tool _____ is used to clean paper. A. who B. when C. which ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The doctor who _____ in the emergency room is patient. A. work B. works C. working ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 判断正误：The man who he repairs books is Mr Du. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 合并：I interviewed a woman. She designs houses. ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 2 · PAGE 02 一、教材定位与主题导入 Big Question: Why do people work? 教材线索 本讲义中的落点 不同职业 emergency doctor, interior designer, influencer, book restorer 职业技能 professional skills, patience, communication, attention to detail 职业态度 careful, responsible, skilled, hardworking 阅读主题 Giving old books a new life — Mr Du and book restoration 从课文语境发现语法 例句 观察 My job is to repair the ancient books which have been damaged over long periods of time. which 指代 ancient books I will interview someone who restores ancient books. who 指代 someone It is a magazine that focuses on music, arts and culture. that 指代 a magazine 圈画任务：先给被修饰的名词画横线，再圈出 who / which / that，最后用括号括出其后的从句。 主题词库 Jobs Tasks Qualities book restorer / doctor / designer repair books / help patients / design houses patient / careful / responsible photographer / journalist / volunteer take photos / report news / serve others skilled / experienced / hardworking UNIT 2 · PAGE 03 二、核心概念：什么是定语从句？ 定语从句放在名词或代词之后，对它进行限定或说明。 先行词 + 关系代词 + 从句 A book restorer + who + repairs ancient books 术语 含义 例子 先行词 antecedent 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 a book restorer 关系代词 relative pronoun 连接先行词与从句，并在从句中充当成分 who 定语从句 relative clause 提供信息，回答“哪一个/什么样的” who repairs ancient books 位置原则 定语从句必须紧跟被修饰的先行词。 正确 不自然/错误 原因 The man who restores books is Mr Du. The man is Mr Du who restores books. who 从句应紧跟 the man I like the job that requires patience. I like that requires patience the job. 从句不能与先行词分开 课堂快练：划分结构 1. The doctor who works at night helps many patients. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The camera which takes clear photos is expensive. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The job that interests Amy is interior design. ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 2 · PAGE 04 三、who：先行词指人 who 在本单元的重点用法：指人，并在从句中作主语。 结构 例句 含义 person + who + verb A doctor is a person who helps patients. 医生是帮助病人的人。 people + who + verb People who work carefully earn trust. 认真工作的人会赢得信任。 someone + who + verb We interviewed someone who restores books. 我们采访了一位修复古籍的人。 关键：who 已经代替先行词在从句中作主语，后面不能再加 he / she / they。 错误 正确 The doctor who she helps me is kind. The doctor who helps me is kind. People who they love books may enjoy this job. People who love books may enjoy this job. 基础快练 1. A journalist is a person _____ reports news. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The woman _____ designs this room is experienced. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. People _____ work in emergency rooms must stay calm. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 改错：The volunteer who she visits old people is patient. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 翻译：我敬佩那些认真工作的人。 ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 2 · PAGE 05 四、which：先行词指物 which 指物，可指职业工具、作品、书籍、机器或事物。 结构 例句 thing + which + verb This is a machine which cleans old pages. things + which + verb The tools which are on the desk are delicate. object + which + subject + verb The book which Mr Du repaired is valuable. 判断 which 后面是否已有主语：which cleans...（which 作主语）；which Mr Du repaired...（Mr Du 是主语，which 作宾语）。 易错辨析 句子 判断 The tool which removes dust is small. which 作 removes 的主语，不可省 The tool which Mr Du uses is small. Mr Du 作主语；which 作 uses 的宾语 The tool which it removes dust is small. 错误：which 与 it 重复作主语 基础快练 1. The camera _____ takes these photos is new. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The magazine _____ focuses on culture is popular. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The ancient book _____ Mr Du repaired is on display. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 改错：The machine which it cleans the paper is useful. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 翻译：这是一本介绍不同职业的书。 ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 2 · PAGE 06 五、that：指人或物 在本单元的限制性定语从句中，that 可代替 who 或 which。 先行词 who / which that 人 A doctor who helps patients... A doctor that helps patients... 物 A tool which repairs paper... A tool that repairs paper... 本册掌握边界 本讲义聚焦基础限制性定语从句。暂不扩展 whose、where、when、why、介词 + which 或非限制性定语从句。 基础判断顺序：① 找先行词；② 判断人或物；③ 看从句是否缺主语/宾语；④ 检查重复与主谓一致。 who / which / that 一页表 关系代词 先行词 本单元典型例句 who 人 The craftsman who repairs books is patient. which 物 The brush which removes dust is soft. that 人或物 The job that needs patience is meaningful. 快速选择 1. The designer (who / which) planned the room is young. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The parcel (who / which) arrived today is heavy. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The job (that / where) requires patience suits May. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 用 that 改写：The doctor who works here is experienced. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 用 that 改写：The camera which takes clear photos is expensive. ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 2 · PAGE 07 六、四大必考点 从“会选词”走向“会分析”。 考点 判断方法 示例 1. 找先行词 看关系代词前被修饰的名词 someone who... → someone 2. 从句后置 从句紧跟先行词 books which were damaged 3. 避免重复主语 who/which/that 作主语时不再加代词 who restores...（不加 he） 4. 主谓一致 从句谓语由先行词单复数决定 a doctor who works / doctors who work 主谓一致专项 先行词 正确搭配 原因 a doctor who works 单数 doctors who work 复数 a tool which is 单数 tools which are 复数 诊断练习 1. A photographer who _____ (take) wildlife photos needs patience. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Photographers who _____ (take) wildlife photos need patience. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The tools which _____ (be) used for restoration are clean. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The tool that _____ (be) used for restoration is clean. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 改错：The people who works here are skilled. ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 2 · PAGE 08 七、解题策略与职业语料库 做题时把语法判断和单元词汇放在同一条思路里。 四步解题法 步骤 操作 自问 ① 圈 圈出空格前的先行词 它指人还是物？ ② 看 看从句缺什么成分 缺主语还是宾语？ ③ 选 人选 who/that；物选 which/that 是否符合本册范围？ ④ 查 查重复主语和主谓一致 有没有 he/it？动词单复数对吗？ 可直接用于造句的语料 人物/职业 工作任务 品质/技能 book restorer repair ancient books; restore old objects patient; careful; attention to detail emergency doctor help patients; make quick decisions calm; responsible; professional interior designer design houses; plan spaces creative; good communication skills journalist / photographer report stories; take photos curious; experienced; hardworking volunteer / craftsman serve others; make things by hand kind; skilled; careful 造句模板：A/An _____ is a person who _____. / A _____ is something which _____. / I admire people that _____. 一分钟输出 1. 用 who 定义一种职业： ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 用 which 介绍一种工具： ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 用 that 表达你欣赏的职业品质： ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 2 · PAGE 09 八、基础训练 A：识别与判断（10题） 目标：认出先行词、关系代词和定语从句。 1. 圈出关系代词：The doctor who helped the child stayed calm. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 给先行词画线：The camera which takes clear photos is expensive. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 用括号括出定语从句：The job that interests me is book restoration. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 判断先行词指人还是物：the journalist who reports the news ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 判断先行词指人还是物：the brush which removes dust ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 判断 who 在从句中是否作主语：The woman who designed the room is here. ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 判断 which 在从句中是否作主语：The book which Mr Du repaired is valuable. ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 写出先行词：People who work at night need enough rest. ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 写出定语从句：This is a magazine that focuses on arts and culture. ________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 判断正误：A craftsman is a person who makes things by hand. ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 2 · PAGE 10 九、基础训练 B：关系代词选择（10题） 目标：根据先行词正确选择 who、which 或 that。 1. A book restorer is a person _____ repairs old books. A. who B. which C. where ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The tool _____ removes dust is very soft. A. who B. which C. when ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. I admire people _____ work for the community. A. where B. that C. what ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. This is the camera _____ the photographer uses. A. which B. who C. when ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. The woman _____ is speaking is an interior designer. A. which B. who C. what ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. The job _____ requires quick decisions is difficult. A. that B. who C. where ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The patients _____ need help are waiting outside. A. which B. who C. when ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. The ancient books _____ are on the desk need repair. A. who B. which C. where ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. The journalist _____ interviewed Mr Du wrote a report. A. who B. which C. what ________________________________________________________________________________ 10. The story _____ changed my view of work is inspiring. A. who B. that C. where ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 2 · PAGE 11 十、基础训练 C：寻找先行词（8题） 目标：从长句中准确定位被修饰的名词。 1. The emergency doctor who treated the boy worked all night.（写出先行词，并注明人/物） ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Mr Du uses a brush which is made of soft hair.（写出先行词，并注明人/物） ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. We visited a workshop that restores ancient books.（写出先行词，并注明人/物） ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The designer who planned the library likes natural light.（写出先行词，并注明人/物） ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. The magazine that focuses on arts and culture is popular.（写出先行词，并注明人/物） ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Students who are interested in crafts joined the activity.（写出先行词，并注明人/物） ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The parcel which arrived this morning contains old photos.（写出先行词，并注明人/物） ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. I admire the people that protect traditional skills.（写出先行词，并注明人/物） ________________________________________________________________________________ 拔高：解释关系 任选两句，用中文说明定语从句补充了先行词的什么信息。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 2 · PAGE 12 十一、拔高训练 D：易错辨析（10题） 目标：发现并改正重复主语、关系词误用和主谓不一致。 1. The doctor which works here is experienced.（改错并写出原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The machine who cleans the old pages is small.（改错并写出原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The woman who she restores books is patient.（改错并写出原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The tool which it removes dust is useful.（改错并写出原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. A journalist who report the news must be careful.（改错并写出原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. People who works at night need enough rest.（改错并写出原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The ancient books who are on the desk are valuable.（改错并写出原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. The man repairs old objects is a skilled craftsman.（改错并写出原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. The job that it requires patience is meaningful.（改错并写出原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 10. The cameras which takes these photos are expensive.（改错并写出原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 2 · PAGE 13 十二、拔高训练 E：句子合并（8题） 目标：用 who、which 或 that 把两个短句合成一个定语从句。 1. Mr Du is a book restorer. He repairs ancient books. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The woman is an emergency doctor. She helped the injured man. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. This is a special brush. It removes dust from old pages. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. I read a magazine. It focuses on music, arts and culture. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. The students interviewed a photographer. The photographer takes wildlife photos. ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. We saw a machine. The machine can check damaged paper. ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. I admire workers. They keep traditional crafts alive. ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. The job requires patience. The job interests Leo most. ________________________________________________________________________________ 自检：① 先行词是否保留一次？② who/which/that 后是否重复了 he/she/it/they？③ 从句谓语是否与先行词一致？ UNIT 2 · PAGE 14 十三、综合训练 F：职业语境（10题） 目标：在连贯语境中综合运用关系代词和主谓一致。 1. Mr Du is a book restorer (1) _____ works with ancient books. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. He repairs books (2) _____ have been damaged over time. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. A soft brush (3) _____ removes dust is one of his tools. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The students (4) _____ visited his workshop asked many questions. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Mr Du showed them a page (5) _____ needed careful repair. ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. A good restorer is someone (6) _____ has patience and professional skills. ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The tools that he uses (7) _____ (be) clean and delicate. ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. The work which requires attention to detail (8) _____ (take) a long time. ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. People who (9) _____ (protect) old books also protect culture. ________________________________________________________________________________ 10. The interview that the students wrote (10) _____ (help) others understand this job. ________________________________________________________________________________ 语篇思考 Why is book restoration meaningful? 用 1 个含定语从句的英语句子回答。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 2 · PAGE 15 十四、阅读提升：Giving old books a new life 先读内容，再观察作者如何用定语从句介绍职业。 Mr Du is a book restorer who gives damaged books a second life. In his workshop, he first checks every page and records the problems that he finds. He then chooses paper which is similar to the original material. The brushes that he uses are extremely soft, because old pages can break easily. Book restoration is a job that requires patience, professional skills and attention to detail. Mr Du sometimes spends several weeks on one book. He also meets young visitors who want to learn about the craft. To him, every ancient book is a bridge which connects people today with stories from the past. 1. What does Mr Du do before he repairs a page? ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why are his brushes extremely soft? ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What qualities does book restoration require? ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. How long may Mr Du spend on one book? ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What does an ancient book connect, according to Mr Du? ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Find a relative clause that modifies a person. ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Find a relative clause that modifies a thing. ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What is the main idea of the passage? ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 2 · PAGE 16 十五、写作迁移：A person and a job I admire 写 80–100 词，至少使用 4 个由 who、which 或 that 引导的定语从句。 写作支架 段落 内容 可用句型 开头 介绍人物和职业 I admire ... who works as ... 主体 工作任务、工具、品质 The work that ... / The tools which ... 结尾 你的理解与感受 It is a job that teaches me ... 微型范文 I admire my aunt, who is an emergency doctor. She is a person who stays calm when patients need urgent help. The work that she does is tiring, but it is meaningful. She uses professional skills which help her make quick decisions. I also admire the patience that she shows to worried families. Her job has taught me that people who serve others can make a real difference. I hope to choose a job that helps people in the future. 写作区 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 自评：□ 80–100词 □ 4个定语从句 □ 先行词清楚 □ 无重复主语 □ 主谓一致 UNIT 2 · PAGE 17 参考答案与教学评价 开放题答案不唯一；结构正确、语义合理即可。 课前诊断 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. ×；删去 he 5. I interviewed a woman who/that designs houses. A–C A：1 who；2 camera；3 that interests me；4 人；5 物；6 是；7 否；8 People；9 that focuses on arts and culture；10 √。 B：1 A 2 B 3 B 4 A 5 B 6 A 7 B 8 B 9 A 10 B。 C：1 doctor（人） 2 brush（物） 3 workshop（物） 4 designer（人） 5 magazine（物） 6 Students（人） 7 parcel（物） 8 people（人）。 D 易错辨析 1. which→who/that；2. who→which/that；3. 删 she；4. 删 it；5. report→reports；6. works→work；7. who→which/that；8. man 后加 who/that；9. 删 it；10. takes→take。 E 句子合并（示例） 1. Mr Du is a book restorer who/that repairs ancient books. 2. The woman who/that helped the injured man is an emergency doctor. 3. This is a special brush which/that removes dust from old pages. 4. I read a magazine which/that focuses on music, arts and culture. 5. The students interviewed a photographer who/that takes wildlife photos. 6. We saw a machine which/that can check damaged paper. 7. I admire workers who/that keep traditional crafts alive. 8. The job that interests Leo most requires patience. F 与阅读 F：1 who/that 2 which/that 3 which/that 4 who/that 5 which/that 6 who/that 7 are 8 takes 9 protect 10 helps。 阅读：1 He checks every page and records the problems. 2 Because old pages can break easily. 3 Patience, professional skills and attention to detail. 4 Several weeks. 5 People today and stories from the past. 6 who gives... / who want... 7 that he finds / which is similar... 等。8 It introduces Mr Du's work and the value of book restoration. 写作评分（15分） 内容与结构 目标语法 语言与规范 5分：信息完整、逻辑清楚 6分：至少4处，结构准确 4分：词汇、拼写、标点规范 课后自评：我最容易错的是 □ 人/物判断 □ 重复主语 □ 主谓一致 □ 从句位置；我的订正计划：________________。 Unit 2 People and their jobs · 核心语法精讲精练 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $