Unit 4 Folk customs_核心语法精讲精练2026-2027学年沪教版（五四学制）英语九年级上册

**基本信息** 沪教版五四学制初中英语UNIT 4同步练，聚焦一般现在时被动语态，以民俗主题为载体，通过三级分层设计实现从语法基础到综合应用的递进，兼顾语言能力与文化意识培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础层|主动被动判断、be动词选择、过去分词|10题专项训练，如"节日被庆祝"单复数填空，夯实语法结构| |进阶层|主动变被动转换、易错辨析|四步法转换练习+改错说明，如"人们做灯笼"变被动，强化句式能力| |综合应用层|民俗语篇填空、阅读、写作|80词写作含5个被动句，结合剪纸等民俗，提升语言运用与文化理解|

2026—2027 学年 · 沪教版（五四学制） UNIT 4 · PAGE 01 Folk customs 核心语法：Present simple passive（一般现在时的被动语态） 学习目标 我能…… 完成标准 区分主动与被动 判断主语是动作执行者还是承受者 掌握 am/is/are + done 根据主语选择 be，并写对过去分词 完成否定、疑问与主动变被动 结构完整、语序正确 在民俗主题中运用被动语态 完成语篇、阅读和文化介绍 课前诊断 1. The festival _____ every spring. A. celebrates B. is celebrated C. celebrated ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Traditional songs _____ by local people. A. are sung B. sing C. is sung ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 判断主动/被动：People make rice cakes for the festival. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 改错：Red envelopes given to children. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 转换：People celebrate the festival every year. ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 4 · PAGE 02 一、教材定位与主题导入 Big Question: What do folk customs bring us? 教材线索 本讲义落点 世界民俗与节日 festival, tradition, history, culture 传统活动 celebrate, perform, cook, sing, throw, practise 传统物品 fireworks, red envelopes, dishes, decorations Reading Folk customs, the mirror of the past 表达重点 传统如何被庆祝、制作与传承 从教材语境发现语法 例句 关注点 Fireworks are set off to celebrate the coming new year. fireworks 承受 set off Traditional dishes are cooked with love. dishes 承受 cook Folk songs are sung to celebrate our history. songs 承受 sing 民俗介绍常常不强调“谁做”，而强调传统活动本身，因此一般现在时被动语态非常常见。 主题语料库 名词 动作 文化意义 customs / traditions celebrate / practise remember history dishes / songs cook / sing / perform share culture fireworks / decorations set off / make / create welcome the new year UNIT 4 · PAGE 03 二、主动语态与被动语态 先判断“谁做”还是“谁被做”。 语态 关注重点 结构 例句 主动 动作执行者 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 People make mooncakes. 被动 动作承受者 主语 + be + done Mooncakes are made. 判断方法 主语能主动完成动作 → 主动；主语承受动作 → 被动。 句子 判断 Local people perform the dance. people 执行 perform：主动 The dance is performed every year. dance 承受 perform：被动 Families cook traditional dishes. families 执行 cook：主动 Traditional dishes are cooked for the festival. dishes 承受 cook：被动 1. People _____ (celebrate) the custom every year. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The custom _____ (celebrate) every year. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Villagers _____ (sing) folk songs at night. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Folk songs _____ (sing) at night. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 用中文解释：The focus changes from the doer to the receiver. ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 4 · PAGE 04 三、肯定句：am / is / are + done 一般现在时被动 = be 的一般现在时 + 过去分词。 主语 be 例句 I am I am invited to the celebration. 单数名词/不可数名词 is The festival is celebrated yearly. 复数名词 are Traditional dishes are prepared. 结构缺一不可：The festival is celebrated. 不能漏掉 is，也不能把 celebrated 写成 celebrate。 单复数对照 单数 复数 The song is sung. The songs are sung. A red envelope is given. Red envelopes are given. The dish is cooked. The dishes are cooked. 1. The tradition _____ passed down in families. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Folk songs _____ performed in the square. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. I _____ invited to join the activity. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The special dish _____ cooked with rice. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. These decorations _____ made by hand. ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 4 · PAGE 05 四、过去分词（done）专项 被动语态的核心不是过去式，而是过去分词。 原形 过去分词 民俗表达 make made Lanterns are made by hand. give given Red envelopes are given to children. write written Good wishes are written on paper. eat eaten Rice cakes are eaten at the festival. build built A stage is built in the square. sing sung Folk songs are sung. throw thrown Flowers are thrown into the river. set set Fireworks are set off. perform performed A dance is performed. practise practised The custom is practised locally. 记忆策略：规则变化抓 -ed；不规则变化按“原形—过去式—过去分词”成组积累。 1. make → ______ 2. give → ______ 3. write → ______ 4. eat → ______ 5. sing → ______ 6. throw → ______ UNIT 4 · PAGE 06 五、否定句与一般疑问句 只移动或否定 be，过去分词保持不变。 句型 结构 例句 否定句 主语 + am/is/are not + done The custom is not practised here. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + done? Are fireworks set off? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + be. Yes, they are. 否定回答 No, 主语 + be not. No, they are not. 句式变换 肯定 否定 疑问 The song is sung. The song is not sung. Is the song sung? The dishes are prepared. The dishes are not prepared. Are the dishes prepared? 1. 改否定：The festival is celebrated in winter. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 改疑问：Red envelopes are given to children. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 回答：Are folk songs sung at the event?（肯定） ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 回答：Is the custom practised here?（否定） ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 填空：_____ the room decorated with lanterns? ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 4 · PAGE 07 六、by + 动作执行者 执行者重要时用 by 引出；不重要或显而易见时可省略。 表达 何时使用 例句 不带 by 执行者不重要/未知/显而易见 Mooncakes are eaten at the festival. 带 by 需要说明是谁完成动作 The song is sung by local children. by 后用人称代词宾格：by me / him / her / us / them。 比较 句子 表达重点 The masks are made by skilled artists. 强调 skilled artists The masks are made for the festival. for 表目的，不是执行者 The masks are made of wood. of 表材料，不是执行者 1. The dance is performed _____ local people. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The decorations are made _____ paper. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Red envelopes are given _____ children. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The song is sung by _____ (they). ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 判断是否需要 by：Rice cakes are eaten during the festival. ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 4 · PAGE 08 七、主动变被动：四步法 宾语变主语，动词变 be + done；原主语需要时放在 by 后。 步骤 操作 示例 ① 找 找主动句宾语 People celebrate the festival. → the festival ② 提 宾语提到句首 The festival ... ③ 变 谓语变 am/is/are + done is celebrated ④ 留/省 时间地点保留；执行者可省 The festival is celebrated every year. 转换示范 Local people sing folk songs at the event. → Folk songs are sung (by local people) at the event. 检查项 自问 主语 新主语单数还是复数？ be am / is / are 选对了吗？ done 过去分词写对了吗？ 其他成分 时间、地点、目的是否完整保留？ 1. People make lanterns by hand. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Families cook traditional dishes for the festival. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Villagers perform the dance every spring. ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 4 · PAGE 09 八、基础训练 A：主动还是被动（10题） 判断句子应使用主动语态还是一般现在时被动语态。 1. People _____ the festival every year. (celebrate) ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The festival _____ every year. (celebrate) ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Local artists _____ paper cuts by hand. (make) ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Paper cuts _____ by local artists. (make) ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Families _____ rice cakes in winter. (eat) ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Rice cakes _____ during the festival. (eat) ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Children _____ folk songs at school. (practise) ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Folk songs _____ at school. (practise) ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Villagers _____ the history through stories. (remember) ________________________________________________________________________________ 10. The history _____ through stories. (remember) ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 4 · PAGE 10 九、基础训练 B：be 动词选择（10题） 根据主语的人称和单复数填写 am、is 或 are。 1. The festival _____ celebrated in spring. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Traditional dishes _____ cooked with love. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. I _____ invited to the folk-art show. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. A special dance _____ performed at night. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Red envelopes _____ given to children. ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. The custom _____ practised in many villages. ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. These songs _____ sung in the local language. ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Rice _____ used to make the cakes. ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. The decorations _____ created by students. ________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Each lantern _____ checked carefully. ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 4 · PAGE 11 十、基础训练 C：过去分词（10题） 用括号内动词的正确过去分词完成被动结构。 1. Lanterns are _____ by hand. (make) ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Red envelopes are _____ to children. (give) ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Good wishes are _____ on paper. (write) ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Rice cakes are _____ at the festival. (eat) ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. A stage is _____ in the square. (build) ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Folk songs are _____ by villagers. (sing) ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Flowers are _____ into the river. (throw) ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Fireworks are _____ off at midnight. (set) ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. A traditional dance is _____. (perform) ________________________________________________________________________________ 10. The custom is _____ by many families. (practise) ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 4 · PAGE 12 十一、拔高训练 D：主动变被动（10题） 保留原句时态与其他信息，必要时使用 by。 1. People celebrate Chinese New Year in many countries. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Families prepare special food for the festival. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Local people sing folk songs to remember their history. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Skilled artists make the masks by hand. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Children practise the dance at school. ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Villagers set off fireworks at midnight. ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. People give red envelopes to children. ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Artists create colourful decorations for the event. ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Many families eat rice cakes during the festival. ________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Teachers introduce the custom in culture lessons. ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 4 · PAGE 13 十二、拔高训练 E：易错辨析（10题） 改正缺少 be、be 错误、过去分词错误和语序错误。 1. The festival celebrated every year.（改错并说明原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Traditional dishes is cooked for the event.（改错并说明原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Red envelopes are give to children.（改错并说明原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The song is sang by local people.（改错并说明原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Are set off fireworks at midnight?（改错并说明原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. The custom is not practise here.（改错并说明原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The masks are make by skilled artists.（改错并说明原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Is the songs performed in the square?（改错并说明原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. People are celebrate the festival in spring.（改错并说明原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ 10. The paper cuts are created from local artists.（改错并说明原因） ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 4 · PAGE 14 十三、民俗语境综合填空 在完整语篇中综合判断主动/被动、be 和过去分词。 Every spring, a folk festival (1) _____ (hold) in our town. The streets (2) _____ (decorate) with lanterns, and local songs (3) _____ (sing) in the square. Families (4) _____ (prepare) special dishes at home. A traditional dance (5) _____ (perform) by young people. Red envelopes (6) _____ (give) to children, but fireworks (7) _____ not _____ (set) off near old houses. Skilled artists (8) _____ (make) paper cuts and show visitors how the art works. The history of the custom (9) _____ (tell) through stories. In this way, local people (10) _____ (keep) their cultural memory alive. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 语篇分析 1. 从文中找出两个主动句。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 从文中找出两个被动句。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 为什么介绍节日活动时常使用被动语态？ ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 4 · PAGE 15 十四、阅读提升：Paper cutting at the festival 先理解文化内容，再观察被动语态如何突出传统工艺。 Chinese paper cutting is a traditional folk art. During festivals, red paper is chosen because the colour is connected with happiness and good luck. Designs are first drawn on the paper, and then they are cut out with scissors. Flowers, animals and characters are often created. The finished works are put on windows and doors. In some communities, the skill is taught in schools and workshops are organized for visitors. The artists are respected not only for their careful hands but also for the cultural stories that they keep alive. 1. Why is red paper chosen? ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is done before the designs are cut out? ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Where are the finished works put? ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. How is the skill passed on in some communities? ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why are the artists respected? ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Find three present simple passive structures. ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Change “The skill is taught in schools” into the active voice. ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What is the main idea of the passage? ________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT 4 · PAGE 16 十五、写作迁移：Introducing a folk custom 写 80–100 词，至少使用 5 个一般现在时被动句。 写作支架 段落 内容 可用结构 开头 习俗名称、时间、地点 is celebrated / is held 主体 食物、活动、物品 are made / are cooked / are performed 结尾 文化意义与传承 is passed down / is remembered 微型范文 The Lantern Festival is celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. Colourful lanterns are hung in streets and parks. Riddles are written below some lanterns and are solved by visitors. Sweet rice balls are prepared in many families and are shared with loved ones. In some places, dragon dances are performed in the evening. The festival is enjoyed by people of different ages. Through these activities, family love is expressed and an important cultural tradition is passed down. 写作区 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 自评：□ 80–100词 □ 至少5个被动句 □ am/is/are准确 □ 过去分词准确 □ 不混入其他时态 UNIT 4 · PAGE 17 参考答案与教学评价 开放题答案不唯一；结构正确、语义合理即可。 课前诊断与 A–C 诊断：1 B 2 A 3 主动 4 Red envelopes are given to children. 5 The festival is celebrated every year. A：1 celebrate 2 is celebrated 3 make 4 are made 5 eat 6 are eaten 7 practise 8 are practised 9 remember 10 is remembered。 B：1 is 2 are 3 am 4 is 5 are 6 is 7 are 8 is 9 are 10 is。C：1 made 2 given 3 written 4 eaten 5 built 6 sung 7 thrown 8 set 9 performed 10 practised。 D 主动变被动 1. Chinese New Year is celebrated in many countries. 2. Special food is prepared for the festival. 3. Folk songs are sung to remember local history. 4. The masks are made by hand by skilled artists. 5. The dance is practised at school. 6. Fireworks are set off at midnight. 7. Red envelopes are given to children. 8. Colourful decorations are created for the event. 9. Rice cakes are eaten during the festival. 10. The custom is introduced in culture lessons. E、综合填空与阅读 E：1 is celebrated 2 are cooked 3 are given 4 is sung 5 Are fireworks set off 6 is not practised 7 are made 8 Are the songs 9 celebrate 10 by。综合：1 is held 2 are decorated 3 are sung 4 prepare 5 is performed 6 are given 7 are; set 8 make 9 is told 10 keep。 阅读：1 Because red is connected with happiness and good luck. 2 Designs are drawn. 3 On windows and doors. 4 It is taught in schools and workshops are organized. 5 For their skills and cultural contribution. 6 示例：is chosen / are drawn / are cut out. 7 Teachers teach the skill in schools. 8 It introduces the process and cultural value of Chinese paper cutting. 写作评分（15分） 内容与结构 目标语法 语言与规范 5分：文化信息完整 6分：至少5处且结构准确 4分：词汇、拼写、标点规范 课后自评：我最容易错的是 □ 主动/被动 □ be动词 □ 过去分词 □ 句式转换；订正计划：________________。 Unit 4 Folk customs · 核心语法精讲精练 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $