Unit 4 Folk customs 单词短语句型语法（教材考点精练）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级上册

**基本信息** 以“民俗文化”为主题，通过词汇夯实、语法专项（被动语态）及语篇理解的层级训练，强化语言能力与文化意识的融合。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |小题夯基|39题（含单词填空、语法单选）|聚焦单元核心词汇变形与被动语态基础应用|从词汇形义（如“ancestors”“sausages”）到语法规则（被动语态时态/主谓一致），构建基础语言能力| |综合攻坚|34题（含语法选择、阅读、完形等）|以民俗文本（如“打铁花”“古代名马”）为载体，考查语篇理解与综合运用|从单句语法到语篇逻辑，渗透文化意识（如传统民俗认知），提升思维品质与学习能力|

Unit 4 Folk customs 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、根据首字母填空（共6小题，每小题1分，共6分） 1．The little girl likes looking at herself in the m________. 【答案】mirror/irror 【详解】句意：这个小女孩喜欢看着镜子里的自己。根据“looking at herself in the...”，结合生活常识，对着某个物品看自己的常见场景是照镜子，结合空前给出的首字母“m”，可以推断出对应的名词是mirror，in the mirror是固定搭配，意为“在镜子里”。 2．She looks beautiful in this white silk b________. 【答案】blouse/louse 【详解】句意：她穿着这件白色的丝绸衬衫看起来很漂亮。根据“She looks beautiful in this white silk...”，句子描述的是女孩穿着某件白色丝质衣物，看起来很漂亮的场景，结合给出的首字母“b”，可知对应单词为blouse，意为“女式衬衫”。 3．You can a________ your dream if you keep practising. 【答案】achieve/chieve 【详解】句意：如果你坚持练习，就可以实现你的梦想。根据“your dream”及结合首字母a提示，此处表达“实现（梦想）”，对应单词achieve，achieve one’s dream“实现某人的梦想”，是固定搭配；情态动词can后接动词原形。 4．The Dragon Boat Festival is on the fifth day of May in Chinese l________ month. 【答案】lunar/unar 【详解】句意：端午节在中国农历五月的第五天。农历的，对应单词lunar。 5．He always wears a s________ and a tie to work. 【答案】suit/uit 【详解】句意：他上班总是穿西装、打领带。西装对应单词suit，可数名词，不定冠词a后接可数名词单数形式。故填suit。 6．The sugar painter uses a s________ to draw beautiful patterns. 【答案】spoon/poon 【详解】句意：这位糖画艺人使用一把勺子绘制精美的图案。勺子对应的名词为spoon，空格前面有不定冠词a，后面需要填入可数名词单数形式，故填spoon。 二、根据汉语提示填空（共8小题，每小题1分，共8分） 1．My mother prepares chicken ________ (三明治) for my breakfast every morning. 【答案】sandwiches 【详解】句意：我妈妈每天早上都会为我的早餐准备鸡肉三明治。 根据括号内中文提示 “三明治”，对应的英文单词为sandwich；句中没有“a”或“the”，通常用复数形式表泛指，故填sandwiches。 2．Many new inventions are on display in this ________ (展览). 【答案】exhibition 【详解】句意：这次展览展出了许多新发明。this后加可数名词单数exhibition“展览”。故填exhibition。 3．Don’t trust people who hide their real i________ (身份) on the Internet. 【答案】identity/dentity 【详解】句意：不要相信在网上隐藏真实身份的人。根据首字母i以及中文提示“身份”，确定单词identity，real identity意为“真实身份”。 4．They want to go to places where their __________（祖先）lived. 【答案】ancestors 【详解】句意：他们想去他们祖先居住过的地方。根据中文提示“祖先ancestor”，又结合their，应该是用复数形式，因为这里说的是他们的祖先，故填ancestors。 5．We know the true ________ (价值) of persistence. 【答案】value 【详解】句意：我们明白坚持的真正价值。形容词true后面需要接名词，中文提示“价值”对应的英文单词是value。 6．We hope for peace and ________ (和谐). 【答案】harmony 【详解】句意：我们希望和平与和谐。“和谐”对应的英文单词是harmony 。空格前有并列连词and和名词peace，此处需要接名词作宾语 。harmony是名词（不可数），符合要求 。 7．We ________ (得出结论) that most students liked outdoor activities and reported the result to our teacher. 【答案】concluded 【详解】句意：我们得出结论，大多数学生喜欢户外活动，并将结果报告给了老师。“得出结论”可译为conclude，动词。根据后半句“reported”可知，句子应用一般过去时。conclude的过去式为concluded。 8．They bought one kilo of ________ (香肠), and they must put them in the fridge. 【答案】sausages 【详解】句意：他们买了一公斤香肠，他们必须把它们放在冰箱里。sausage“香肠”，是可数名词，由“one kilo of”可知，用名词复数。故填sausages。 三、用单词的适当形式填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1．These old photos are really ________ (value) for our family. 【答案】valuable 【详解】句意：这些老照片对我们家来说真的很有价值。空格处需要使用形容词作表语，value是名词，形容词形式为valuable，意为“有价值的”。 2．Before the Internet ________, people had to rely on books for information. (exist) 【答案】existed 【详解】句意：在互联网出现之前，人们不得不依靠书籍获取信息。根据“Before the Internet..., people had to rely on books for information.”可知，句中“before”引导时间状语从句，主句中“had to”（不得不）是过去式，表明动作发生在过去，从句也需用一般过去时，“exist”是动词，意为“存在”，其过去式为“existed”。故填existed。 3．The traffic problem has ________ for just a few years. (existence) 【答案】existed 【详解】句意：这个交通问题仅仅存在了几年。空格前有助动词“has”，谓语需用现在完成时，结构为“has+过去分词”。“existence”的动词形式为“exist”，意为“存在”，其过去分词为“existed”。 4．What’s your ________ (conclude) after the discussion? 【答案】conclusion 【详解】句意：讨论后你有什么结论？空格前的your是形容词性物主代词，后面需要接名词，括号内给出的动词conclude对应的名词形式是conclusion，意为“结论”，此处指得出某个结论，填单数形式。 5．He eats too many ________ (sandwich). It’s bad for his health. 【答案】sandwiches 【详解】句意：他吃太多三明治。这对他身体有害。空格处在句中作及物动词eats的宾语。由于其前有表示数量的修饰词“too many”，其后必须接可数名词的复数形式。sandwich的复数形式为sandwiches。 6．This job is ________ (suit) for people who are patient and careful. 【答案】suitable 【详解】句意：这份工作适合有耐心且细心的人。固定搭配be suitable for，意为“适合……”，suit是动词，其形容词形式为suitable。 7．The ________ (exhibit) of ancient relics attracted many young visitors. 【答案】exhibition 【详解】句意：古代文物的展览吸引了许多年轻的参观者。空格前有定冠词The，空格后是介词of，说明此处需要填名词作句子的主语，括号内给出的动词exhibit意为“展览、展出”，对应的名词形式exhibition表示“展览（活动）”，此处特指某一次文物展览，所以用单数名词。 8．It’s a great ________ (achieve) for a teenage student. 【答案】achievement 【详解】句意：对于一个青少年学生来说，这是一项伟大的成就。形容词great后面需要接名词，动词achieve对应的名词形式是achievement。 9．We are supposed ________ (arrive) at school on time every weekday morning. 【答案】to arrive 【详解】句意：我们应该在每个工作日的早上准时到校。短语be supposed to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”，supposed后接动词不定式，故填to arrive。 10．If you go on a long trip, take some bread or ________ (biscuit) because they don’t go bad quickly. 【答案】biscuits 【详解】句意：如果你去长途旅行，带一些面包或饼干，因为它们不会很快变质。空格前有some，后面需要可数名词复数。biscuit是可数名词，复数形式为biscuits。 四、单项选择（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 1．It is ________ that terrorism is a great threat to world peace. A．widely accepting B．widely accepted C．wide accepted D．wide accepting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：恐怖主义是对世界和平的巨大威胁，这是被广泛接受的。 widely副词，广泛地，修饰动词；wide形容词，宽阔的，修饰名词。本句为被动结构is accepted，用副词widely修饰accepted。It is widely accepted that...为固定句型，意为“人们普遍认为……”。 2．It will be a great honor if I ________ to the charity evening party next Monday. A．invite B．will invite C．was invited D．am invited 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果下周一我被邀请参加慈善晚会，那将是一大荣幸。 主句是一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，需用一般现在时；主语I与invite之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。一般现在时被动语态结构为am/is/are done。故选D。 3．Many trees and flowers ________ in our school every spring. A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每年春天我们学校都会种植许多树木和花卉。 根据时间状语“every spring”可知，句子应用一般现在时，排除C和D；主语“Many trees and flowers”和动词plant为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为be done；主语为复数，be动词应用are，动词plant的过去分词为planted，排除A。故选B。 4．The rain forests are disappearing, so most newspapers ________ on recycled paper. A．are printing B．were printed C．printed D．are printed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：雨林正在消失，所以大多数报纸被印刷在再生纸上。 主语newspapers与动词 print 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除主动语态选项A、C；根据前句are disappearing可知描述的是当前的状况，应用一般现在时，排除过去时选项B；D是一般现在时的被动语态，符合语境。 5．Look! The cow ________ to a big tree, so it can only eat the grass nearby. A．ties B．tied C．is tied D．was tied 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看！那头牛被拴在一棵大树上，所以它只能吃附近的草。 考查被动语态。ties拴，第三人称单数主动形式；tied拴，过去式或过去分词；is tied被拴，一般现在时被动语态；was tied被拴，一般过去时被动语态。根据句首“Look!”提示，此处描述当前正在发生的状态，且牛是被拴在树上的，需用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 6．Once the mess in the rooms ________, we can start moving in the new furniture. A．are cleaned out B．is cleaned out C．clean out D．cleans out 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一旦房间里的杂物被清理干净，我们就可以开始搬进新家具了。 考查被动语态和主谓一致。根据句意，杂物是被清理，应用被动语态；主语“the mess”为不可数名词，谓语需用单数。故选B。 7．In most countries cigarettes ________ to anyone under 18. A．don’t sell B．are not sold C．didn’t sell D．were not sold 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在大多数国家，香烟不卖给任何18岁以下的人。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。don’t sell不卖，主动语态的一般现在时；are not sold不被卖，被动语态的一般现在时；didn’t sell不卖，主动语态的一般过去时；were not sold不被卖，被动语态的一般过去时。主语“cigarettes”是动作“sell”的承受者，且该规定是普遍性的客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 8．Many children don’t know that wood ________ paper. A．used to make B．is used to making C．is used to make D．are used to make 【答案】C 【详解】句意：许多孩子不知道木头是用来造纸的。 考查被动语态及固定搭配。used to make过去常常制作，一般过去时的主动语态；is used to making习惯于制作，一般现在时的主动语态；is used to make被用来制作，一般现在时的被动语态；are used to make被用来制作，一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子可知，主语wood与动词use之间为被动关系，应使用被动语态，且wood表示“木头”，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。故选C。 9．English _______ by most people in the country. A．speaks B．is speaking C．can speak D．is spoken 【答案】D 【详解】句意：该国大多数人都说英语。 考查被动语态。speaks主动语态的一般现在时；is speaking主动语态的现在进行时；can speak含有情态动词的主动语态；is spoken一般现在时的被动语态。由于主语English与动词speak是动宾关系，所以是被动语态。故选D。 10．Some paintings ________ on the wall after our flat decoration ________. A．will be hunged, is finished B．will be hung, will be finished C．will be hung, is finished D．are hung, will be finished 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的公寓装修完成后，墙上会挂一些画。 考查时态和语态。after引导的时间状语从句遵循主将从现原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，排除选项B和D；两空都是被动语态，hang的过去分词“hung”，排除A。故选C。 11．Many silly pictures ________ on her Moments (朋友圈) every day and I’ve decided to block her. A．posted B．have posted C．are posted D．post 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每天都有很多愚蠢的照片发布在她的朋友圈上，我决定屏蔽她。 考查被动语态。句子主语Many silly pictures和谓语post“发布”之间是被动关系，用被动语态be done。故选C。 12．I’m not sure whether the newspaper _____________once a week or not. A．has published B．will publish C．is published D．publishes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不确定这份报纸是否每周出版一次。 考查被动语态。主语newspaper和动词publish之间是被动关系，结合“once a week”可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选C。 13．The famous fairy tale Three Little Pigs _______ by almost all the children throughout the world. A．is read B．are read C．is reading D．are reading 【答案】A 【详解】句意：世界上几乎所有的孩子都在读著名的童话《三只小猪》。 考查被动语态。主语The famous fairy tale和谓语read之间是被动关系，用被动语态be done，且主语是单数，be动词用is。故选A。 14．It’ll be a great honor if I ________ to the charity evening party next week. A．invite B．will invite C．will be invited D．am invited 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果我能被邀请参加下周的慈善晚会，那将是我莫大的荣幸。 考查宾语从句和一般现在时的被动语态。根据“It’ll be a great honor if I...to the charity evening party next week.”可知，句子是含if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，时态遵从”主将从现“，主句是一般将来时，此时从句用一般现在时，从句的主语I及动词invite之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语结构是am/is/are done。故选D。 15．Jane spends half of her pocket money on books. The rest _________ for future use. A．is saved B．are saved C．was saved D．have been saved 【答案】A 【详解】句意：简花了一半的零用钱用来买书。剩下的存起来以后用。 考查一般现在时的被动语态及主谓一致。由“spends”可知，句子应用一般现在时；又由“The rest”可知，此处是指剩下的零用钱，零用钱与动词“save”存在被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+动词过去分词，钱为不可数名词，be动词用is。故选A。 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、语法选择（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） Some sports are now played across the world. So far, most people 1 of sports like football, basketball, and baseball. However, in most countries, people also play unusual sports with strange and interesting rules. People go swimming in the Atlantic Ocean in winter. The water temperature can drop to as 2 as 0℃. People believe 3 swimming in the cold water is good for their health. In China, people enjoy watching the dragon boat race. A dragon boat is a traditional Chinese boat with a painted 4 head on one end. Dragon boat racing is also popular in Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The caber toss is 5 ancient Scottish sport. In this sport, people compete by throwing a large piece of wood which 6 a caber (松木棒). The caber has no official size or shape but it is usually the size of a small tree. Students in Indonesia play fireball 7 the month of Ramadan (斋月). The ball is made 8 coconut shells (椰壳). Before the game, players pour salt on 9 and then set the ball on fire. The players play fireball without wearing their shoes. In Turkey, camel wrestling is a very old sport. The largest camel wrestling competition takes place in Ephesus every year and 10 people come to watch. However, sometimes this sport can be dangerous. 1．A．will hear B．are hearing C．have heard 2．A．low B．lower C．the lowest 3．A．if B．that C．what 4．A．dragons B．dragons’ C．dragon’s 5．A．a B．an C．the 6．A．calls B．was called C．is called 7．A．to welcome B．welcoming C．welcome 8．A．in B．from C．to 9．A．they B．their C．themselves 10．A．thousand B．thousands C．thousands of 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了世界各地流行的体育运动，包括常见的足球、篮球和棒球，以及一些具有独特规则和文化的非常规运动，如冬泳、龙舟赛、投掷松木棒、火球比赛和骆驼摔跤等。 1．句意：到目前为止，大多数人都听说过足球、篮球和棒球等运动。 will hear将会听到，一般将来时结构；are hearing正在听到，现在进行时结构；have heard听说过，现在完成时结构。根据“So far”可知，此处时态用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响。故选C。 2．句意：水温会低至0℃。 low低的，形容词原级；lower更低的，形容词比较级；the lowest最低的，the+形容词最高级。此句为“as+形容词或副词原级+as”结构，表示“与……一样……”，空处用形容词原级。故选A。 3．句意：人们相信在冷水中游泳对他们的健康有益。 if如果；that那个；what什么。此句是宾语从句，且从句中不缺任何成分，从句在陈述一件事，用that引导宾语从句。故选B。 4．句意：龙舟是一种传统的中国船，一端有一个彩绘的龙头。 dragons龙，可数名词复数；dragons’龙的，可数名词复数的所有格；dragon’s龙的，可数名词单数的所有格。空处位于名词“head”前，且空前有“a”修饰，用单数名词所有格，表示所属关系。故选C。 5．句意：投掷松木棒是一项古老的苏格兰运动。 a一个，表示泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，表示泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the这个，表示特指。“sport”为可数名词单数，此处泛指一项古老的苏格兰运动，且“ancient”以元音音素开头，用an修饰。故选B。 6．句意：在这项运动中，人们通过投掷一根被称为松木棒的大木头来比赛。 calls称呼，动词第三人称单数形式；was called被称呼，一般过去时态的被动语态；is called被称为，一般现在时态的被动语态。此处描述事实，时态用一般现在时，主语“a large piece of wood”与动词“call”是逻辑上的动宾关系，用一般现在时态的被动语态。故选C。 7．句意：印尼学生在斋月期间玩火球以示欢迎。 to welcome欢迎，动词不定式；welcoming欢迎，动名词/现在分词；welcome欢迎，动词原形。此处表示玩火球的目的，用动词不定式。故选A。 8．句意：球是用椰壳制成的。 in在……里；from从……；to到……。根据“coconut shells”可知，此处指球由椰壳制成，be made from“由……制成”。故选B。 9．句意：比赛前，球员们在他们自己身上撒盐，然后点燃球。 they他们，主格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；themselves他们自己，反身代词。根据“players pour salt”可知，空处与主语都指球员们，用反身代词作宾语。故选C。 10．句意：以弗所每年都会举行规模最大的骆驼摔跤比赛，成千上万的人前来观看。 thousand千；thousands数千；thousands of成千上万的。空前无基数词，空后无of，此处表示模糊数字，用thousands of“成千上万的”。故选C。 二、阅读理解（共6小题，每小题2分，满分12分） The Iron Flower Show, or Da Tie Hua, is an amazing old Chinese art with a history of more than 1000 years. People mainly enjoy it during the Spring Festival in places like Hebei and Jiangxi. To 1 this wonderful show, artists need special tools and careful preparation, and they throw hot melted iron—it is over 1000℃—high into the air or against hard walls. 2 , thousands of bright sparks (火花) come out, just like shining stars in the sky. Before the iron flower show, a two-story (层) eight-sided building is built in the middle of the large square. It is more than ten feet high, with the first floor four metres tall and the second floor one and a half metres tall. A tall pole 3 in the center, with firecrackers hung on it. Nearby, there is a small stove to melt the iron, and the workers use a special long iron spoon that is as thick as a fist and as long as a ruler. These tools are very important for the smooth performance. During the show, workers take off their shirts, 4 the iron spoon with hot melted iron in one hand and a thin stick in the other. They quickly pick up the hot iron and throw it high into the air. Several workers move around to make beautiful sparks of different sizes. At the same time, firecrackers are set off, and a dragon dance team joins in. The dragon dancers run through the falling sparks, making the show 5 and full of life. As an old folk art, Da Tie Hua not only shows ancient Chinese iron workers’ great skills but also carries people’s best 6 for a happy life. The show at Kaifeng Long Live Mountain was once shown on CCTV News. Now it is a famous art in Kaifeng and one of the top ten folk arts in the Yellow River area. 1．A．put on B．depend on C．talk about D．agree on 2．A．Certainly B．However C．Then D．Instead 3．A．lies B．stands C．rises D．arrives 4．A．repairing B．sticking C．holding D．painting 5．A．wonderful B．strange C．common D．modern 6．A．excuses B．regrets C．praise D．wishes 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．D 【导语】本文介绍了中国传统民间艺术“打铁花”的历史、表演形式和象征意义。 【详解】1．句意：为了呈现这场精彩的表演，艺术家需要特殊工具和精心准备。 根据“artists need special tools and careful preparation, and they throw hot melted iron”可知，表演需要工具和准备，说明是为了“呈现”这场表演，put on“上演，呈现”符合。depend on“依靠”与表演无关，talk about“谈论”与表演动作不符，agree on“同意”与语境无关。 2．句意：然后，成千上万明亮的火花迸发出来。 工人把铁水抛向空中，“然后”火花迸发，表示先后顺序，Then“然后”符合。Certainly“当然”表肯定，However“然而”表转折，Instead“相反”表替代，均与顺序不符。 3．句意：一根高杆立在中央。 根据“in the center,”可知，杆子在广场中央“立着”，stands“站立，位于”符合。lies“躺”与竖立不符，rises“上升”与静态位置不符，arrives“到达”与位置无关。 4．句意：工人脱掉衬衫，一手拿着装满热铁水的铁勺。 工人表演时需要“拿着”铁勺，holding“拿着”符合。repairing“修理”与拿工具无关，sticking“粘贴”与动作不符，painting“画画”与工具无关。 5．句意：使表演精彩而充满活力。 龙舞演员在火花中穿行，使表演“精彩”，wonderful“精彩的”符合。strange“奇怪的”与正面评价不符，common“普通的”与精彩不符，modern“现代的”与表演风格无关。 6．句意：作为一种古老的民间艺术，打铁花不仅展现了中国古代铁匠的高超技艺，也寄托了人们对幸福生活的美好祝愿。 根据“carries people’s best…for a happy life.”可知，打铁花承载着人们对美好生活的“祝愿”，wishes“祝愿”符合。excuses“借口”，regrets“遗憾”，praise“赞扬”，均与美好祝愿不符。 三、完形填空（共6小题，每小题2分，满分12分） Chitu (赤兔) is also called “Red Hare,” because it had a red coat and ran very fast like a hare. At first, Chitu’s owner was Lü Bu, a warlord of the Three Kingdoms period. After Lü Bu’s defeat, it was passed to a heroic general called Guan Yu. Legend says Chitu could run “a thousand li” (about 400 km) in one day! What super speed! Dilu (的卢) was special with a white spot on its forehead. In legends, it saved its owner, Liu Bei, by running fast and jumping across a wide river during an escape. Dilu’s story later became an allusion and was widely used by writers and poets. Wuzhui (乌骓) was a strong and brave horse of Xiang Yu, the “Hegemon-King of Western Chu.” Its body was pure black and smooth like a bolt of silk, while its four hooves were as white as snow. After his owner died at the Wu River, this loyal (忠诚的) horse jumped into the same river, following its owner even in death. 1．Who was the first owner of the horse named Chitu according to the passage? A．Guan Yu. B．Liu Bei. C．Lü Bu. D．Xiang Yu. 2．What was the special physical feature of Dilu? A．A red coat. B．Pure black body. C．Four white hooves. D．A white spot on its forehead. 3．What did Wuzhui do after its owner’s death? A．It jumped into a river. B．It ran 1000 li in one day. C．It was passed to another general. D．It was known for its pure black color. 4．The word “allusion” (in the passage about Dilu) most probably means ________. A．a long and exciting story B．a true historical event C．a reference to a well-known story D．a famous painting or picture 5．The author writes “What super speed!” at the end of the first paragraph to ________. A．ask a question about the horse’s speed B．express excitement and admiration C．state a scientific fact clearly D．compare Chitu with other horses 6．Which of the following best describes the common quality of these three horses? A．They were all owned by kings. B．They all saved their owners’ lives. C．They all had unusual coat colors. D．They were all famous for their loyalty. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国历史上三匹著名的宝马：赤兔、的卢和乌骓，分别讲述了它们的主人、外貌特征和传奇故事。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一部分“At first, Chitu’s owner was Lü Bu”可知，赤兔最初的主人是吕布。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二部分“Dilu was special with a white spot on its forehead”可知，的卢的特殊身体特征是额头上有白点。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三部分“After his owner died...this loyal horse jumped into the same river”可知，乌骓在主人死后跳进了河里。故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据第二部分“Dilu’s story later became an allusion and was widely used by writers and poets.”可知，的卢的故事后来成为一个“典故”，被作家和诗人广泛使用。“allusion”在这里表示“典故，引用著名故事”的意思。故选C。 5．推理判断题。作者在第一段末尾用“What super speed!”这一感叹句，是为了表达对赤兔马惊人速度的兴奋和赞叹之情。故选B。 6．推理判断题。三匹马都体现了忠诚：赤兔马追随关羽、的卢马救刘备、乌骓马随项羽赴死，这是它们的共同特质。故选D。 四、任务型阅读（共6小题，每小题2分，满分12分） Ancient Tree-Planting: The Perfect Combination of Reality and Ideal Chinese people have a deep love for all things in the world, and trees are no exception, of course. Although the ancients didn’t have a fixed day to plant trees like the Tree-Planting Day we have now, the culture of planting trees has been there for thousands of years. Back then, it was always sunny and rainy around the Qingming Festival in spring, creating an ideal (理想的) environment for tree growth. The trees planted around this time always had a better survival rate and an advantage in growing. Therefore, the ancients gradually formed the custom of planting trees around this traditional Festival. There are thousands of kinds of trees. However, mulberry trees (桑树) and fruit trees were especially popular in ancient times. Silkworms (蚕) took mulberry leaves as their food. Silk was produced from the cocoons of the silkworms, and then skillfully made into silk cloth and traded between the east and west of the world. Needless to say, fruit trees were the ancients’ favorite. Li Heng, from the Three Kingdoms Period, left his future generations more than a thousand citrus trees (柑橘树), calling them “wooden servants”. Moreover, ancient Chinese culture saw trees as powerful symbols. Bamboo, for example, was highly respected for being hollow inside and growing straight upward. These features were seen as signs of a good heart and a strong character. These are the qualities the ancients looked for in kind and honest people. Similarly, pine trees (松树) were admired for staying green even in winter snow. Poets compared them to ________. Today, as we celebrate Tree-Planting Day, we continue to carry forward the tradition of planting trees. 1．Did ancient Chinese people celebrate the Tree-Planting Day? 2．When did ancient Chinese people plant trees? 3．Why did ancient Chinese people plant mulberry trees? 4．What does the phrase “wooden servants” in the third paragraph refer to? 5．What can be filled in the blank in the fourth paragraph? 6．How do you understand the title of the article? 【答案】1．No, they didn’t. 2．Around the Qingming Festival in spring. 3．Because silkworms took mulberry leaves as their food and silk was produced from the cocoons of the silkworms. 4．Citrus trees. 5．Brave people.（答案不唯一，合理即可） 6．The title means that ancient tree-planting not only considered practical factors like the ideal environment for tree growth but also embodied the ancients’ ideals and pursuits, such as promoting economic development and symbolizing good qualities through trees. 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国古代植树文化，包括古代是否有植树节、植树时间、种植桑树的原因、“木仆”的含义、对诗中空白处内容的推测以及对文章标题的理解。 【详解】1．根据“Although the ancients didn’t have a fixed day to plant trees like the Tree-Planting Day we have now”可知，古代中国人没有像我们现在这样的植树节来庆祝。故填No, they didn’t. 2．根据“Back then, it was always sunny and rainy around the Qingming Festival in spring, creating an ideal (理想的) environment for tree growth. The trees planted around this time always had a better survival rate and an advantage in growing. Therefore, the ancients gradually formed the custom of planting trees around this traditional Festival.”可知，古代中国人在春季清明节前后植树。故填Around the Qingming Festival in spring. 3．根据“Silkworms (蚕) took mulberry leaves as their food. Silk was produced from the cocoons of the silkworms, and then skillfully made into silk cloth and traded between the east and west of the world.”可知，古代中国人种桑树是因为蚕以桑叶为食，丝绸由蚕茧制成，然后巧妙地制成丝绸布，在世界东西方之间进行贸易。故填Because silkworms took mulberry leaves as their food and silk was produced from the cocoons of the silkworms. 4．根据“Needless to say, fruit trees were the ancients’ favorite. Li Heng, from the Three Kingdoms Period, left his future generations more than a thousand citrus trees (柑橘树), calling them ‘wooden servants’.”可知，“木仆”指的是柑橘树。故填Citrus trees. 5．根据“Similarly, pine trees (松树) were admired for staying green even in winter snow.”可知，松树即使在冬雪中也保持翠绿，令人钦佩，所以诗人常将它们比作勇敢的人或具有高尚品质的人。故填Brave people.（答案不唯一，合理即可） 6．文章标题“Ancient Tree-Planting: The Perfect Combination of Reality and Ideal”的意思是“古代植树：现实与理想的完美结合”。根据文章内容可知，古代植树既考虑了现实因素，如清明节前后的气候适宜树木生长，又体现了理想追求，如通过种植桑树和果树促进经济发展，通过树木象征美好的品质。故填The title means that ancient tree-planting not only considered practical factors like the ideal environment for tree growth but also embodied the ancients’ ideals and pursuits, such as promoting economic development and symbolizing good qualities through trees. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Folk customs 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、根据首字母填空（共6小题，每小题1分，共6分） 1．The little girl likes looking at herself in the m________. 2．She looks beautiful in this white silk b________. 3．You can a________ your dream if you keep practising. 4．The Dragon Boat Festival is on the fifth day of May in Chinese l________ month. 5．He always wears a s________ and a tie to work. 6．The sugar painter uses a s________ to draw beautiful patterns. 二、根据汉语提示填空（共8小题，每小题1分，共8分） 1．My mother prepares chicken ________ (三明治) for my breakfast every morning. 2．Many new inventions are on display in this ________ (展览). 3．Don’t trust people who hide their real i________ (身份) on the Internet. 4．They want to go to places where their __________（祖先）lived. 5．We know the true ________ (价值) of persistence. 6．We hope for peace and ________ (和谐). 7．We ________ (得出结论) that most students liked outdoor activities and reported the result to our teacher. 8．They bought one kilo of ________ (香肠), and they must put them in the fridge. 三、用单词的适当形式填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1．These old photos are really ________ (value) for our family. 2．Before the Internet ________, people had to rely on books for information. (exist) 3．The traffic problem has ________ for just a few years. (existence) 4．What’s your ________ (conclude) after the discussion? 5．He eats too many ________ (sandwich). It’s bad for his health. 6．This job is ________ (suit) for people who are patient and careful. 7．The ________ (exhibit) of ancient relics attracted many young visitors. 8．It’s a great ________ (achieve) for a teenage student. 9．We are supposed ________ (arrive) at school on time every weekday morning. 10．If you go on a long trip, take some bread or ________ (biscuit) because they don’t go bad quickly. 四、单项选择（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 1．It is ________ that terrorism is a great threat to world peace. A．widely accepting B．widely accepted C．wide accepted D．wide accepting 2．It will be a great honor if I ________ to the charity evening party next Monday. A．invite B．will invite C．was invited D．am invited 3．Many trees and flowers ________ in our school every spring. A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted 4．The rain forests are disappearing, so most newspapers ________ on recycled paper. A．are printing B．were printed C．printed D．are printed 5．Look! The cow ________ to a big tree, so it can only eat the grass nearby. A．ties B．tied C．is tied D．was tied 6．Once the mess in the rooms ________, we can start moving in the new furniture. A．are cleaned out B．is cleaned out C．clean out D．cleans out 7．In most countries cigarettes ________ to anyone under 18. A．don’t sell B．are not sold C．didn’t sell D．were not sold 8．Many children don’t know that wood ________ paper. A．used to make B．is used to making C．is used to make D．are used to make 9．English _______ by most people in the country. A．speaks B．is speaking C．can speak D．is spoken 10．Some paintings ________ on the wall after our flat decoration ________. A．will be hunged, is finished B．will be hung, will be finished C．will be hung, is finished D．are hung, will be finished 11．Many silly pictures ________ on her Moments (朋友圈) every day and I’ve decided to block her. A．posted B．have posted C．are posted D．post 12．I’m not sure whether the newspaper _____________once a week or not. A．has published B．will publish C．is published D．publishes 13．The famous fairy tale Three Little Pigs _______ by almost all the children throughout the world. A．is read B．are read C．is reading D．are reading 14．It’ll be a great honor if I ________ to the charity evening party next week. A．invite B．will invite C．will be invited D．am invited 15．Jane spends half of her pocket money on books. The rest _________ for future use. A．is saved B．are saved C．was saved D．have been saved 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、语法选择（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） Some sports are now played across the world. So far, most people 1 of sports like football, basketball, and baseball. However, in most countries, people also play unusual sports with strange and interesting rules. People go swimming in the Atlantic Ocean in winter. The water temperature can drop to as 2 as 0℃. People believe 3 swimming in the cold water is good for their health. In China, people enjoy watching the dragon boat race. A dragon boat is a traditional Chinese boat with a painted 4 head on one end. Dragon boat racing is also popular in Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The caber toss is 5 ancient Scottish sport. In this sport, people compete by throwing a large piece of wood which 6 a caber (松木棒). The caber has no official size or shape but it is usually the size of a small tree. Students in Indonesia play fireball 7 the month of Ramadan (斋月). The ball is made 8 coconut shells (椰壳). Before the game, players pour salt on 9 and then set the ball on fire. The players play fireball without wearing their shoes. In Turkey, camel wrestling is a very old sport. The largest camel wrestling competition takes place in Ephesus every year and 10 people come to watch. However, sometimes this sport can be dangerous. 1．A．will hear B．are hearing C．have heard 2．A．low B．lower C．the lowest 3．A．if B．that C．what 4．A．dragons B．dragons’ C．dragon’s 5．A．a B．an C．the 6．A．calls B．was called C．is called 7．A．to welcome B．welcoming C．welcome 8．A．in B．from C．to 9．A．they B．their C．themselves 10．A．thousand B．thousands C．thousands of 二、阅读理解（共6小题，每小题2分，满分12分） The Iron Flower Show, or Da Tie Hua, is an amazing old Chinese art with a history of more than 1000 years. People mainly enjoy it during the Spring Festival in places like Hebei and Jiangxi. To 1 this wonderful show, artists need special tools and careful preparation, and they throw hot melted iron—it is over 1000℃—high into the air or against hard walls. 2 , thousands of bright sparks (火花) come out, just like shining stars in the sky. Before the iron flower show, a two-story (层) eight-sided building is built in the middle of the large square. It is more than ten feet high, with the first floor four metres tall and the second floor one and a half metres tall. A tall pole 3 in the center, with firecrackers hung on it. Nearby, there is a small stove to melt the iron, and the workers use a special long iron spoon that is as thick as a fist and as long as a ruler. These tools are very important for the smooth performance. During the show, workers take off their shirts, 4 the iron spoon with hot melted iron in one hand and a thin stick in the other. They quickly pick up the hot iron and throw it high into the air. Several workers move around to make beautiful sparks of different sizes. At the same time, firecrackers are set off, and a dragon dance team joins in. The dragon dancers run through the falling sparks, making the show 5 and full of life. As an old folk art, Da Tie Hua not only shows ancient Chinese iron workers’ great skills but also carries people’s best 6 for a happy life. The show at Kaifeng Long Live Mountain was once shown on CCTV News. Now it is a famous art in Kaifeng and one of the top ten folk arts in the Yellow River area. 1．A．put on B．depend on C．talk about D．agree on 2．A．Certainly B．However C．Then D．Instead 3．A．lies B．stands C．rises D．arrives 4．A．repairing B．sticking C．holding D．painting 5．A．wonderful B．strange C．common D．modern 6．A．excuses B．regrets C．praise D．wishes 三、完形填空（共6小题，每小题2分，满分12分） Chitu (赤兔) is also called “Red Hare,” because it had a red coat and ran very fast like a hare. At first, Chitu’s owner was Lü Bu, a warlord of the Three Kingdoms period. After Lü Bu’s defeat, it was passed to a heroic general called Guan Yu. Legend says Chitu could run “a thousand li” (about 400 km) in one day! What super speed! Dilu (的卢) was special with a white spot on its forehead. In legends, it saved its owner, Liu Bei, by running fast and jumping across a wide river during an escape. Dilu’s story later became an allusion and was widely used by writers and poets. Wuzhui (乌骓) was a strong and brave horse of Xiang Yu, the “Hegemon-King of Western Chu.” Its body was pure black and smooth like a bolt of silk, while its four hooves were as white as snow. After his owner died at the Wu River, this loyal (忠诚的) horse jumped into the same river, following its owner even in death. 1．Who was the first owner of the horse named Chitu according to the passage? A．Guan Yu. B．Liu Bei. C．Lü Bu. D．Xiang Yu. 2．What was the special physical feature of Dilu? A．A red coat. B．Pure black body. C．Four white hooves. D．A white spot on its forehead. 3．What did Wuzhui do after its owner’s death? A．It jumped into a river. B．It ran 1000 li in one day. C．It was passed to another general. D．It was known for its pure black color. 4．The word “allusion” (in the passage about Dilu) most probably means ________. A．a long and exciting story B．a true historical event C．a reference to a well-known story D．a famous painting or picture 5．The author writes “What super speed!” at the end of the first paragraph to ________. A．ask a question about the horse’s speed B．express excitement and admiration C．state a scientific fact clearly D．compare Chitu with other horses 6．Which of the following best describes the common quality of these three horses? A．They were all owned by kings. B．They all saved their owners’ lives. C．They all had unusual coat colors. D．They were all famous for their loyalty. 四、任务型阅读（共6小题，每小题2分，满分12分） Ancient Tree-Planting: The Perfect Combination of Reality and Ideal Chinese people have a deep love for all things in the world, and trees are no exception, of course. Although the ancients didn’t have a fixed day to plant trees like the Tree-Planting Day we have now, the culture of planting trees has been there for thousands of years. Back then, it was always sunny and rainy around the Qingming Festival in spring, creating an ideal (理想的) environment for tree growth. The trees planted around this time always had a better survival rate and an advantage in growing. Therefore, the ancients gradually formed the custom of planting trees around this traditional Festival. There are thousands of kinds of trees. However, mulberry trees (桑树) and fruit trees were especially popular in ancient times. Silkworms (蚕) took mulberry leaves as their food. Silk was produced from the cocoons of the silkworms, and then skillfully made into silk cloth and traded between the east and west of the world. Needless to say, fruit trees were the ancients’ favorite. Li Heng, from the Three Kingdoms Period, left his future generations more than a thousand citrus trees (柑橘树), calling them “wooden servants”. Moreover, ancient Chinese culture saw trees as powerful symbols. Bamboo, for example, was highly respected for being hollow inside and growing straight upward. These features were seen as signs of a good heart and a strong character. These are the qualities the ancients looked for in kind and honest people. Similarly, pine trees (松树) were admired for staying green even in winter snow. Poets compared them to ________. Today, as we celebrate Tree-Planting Day, we continue to carry forward the tradition of planting trees. 1．Did ancient Chinese people celebrate the Tree-Planting Day? 2．When did ancient Chinese people plant trees? 3．Why did ancient Chinese people plant mulberry trees? 4．What does the phrase “wooden servants” in the third paragraph refer to? 5．What can be filled in the blank in the fourth paragraph? 6．How do you understand the title of the article? 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $