UNIT 3 Section 3 “The Sixth Extinction”的新知学习环节(课件PPT)-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版）

“The Sixth Extinction” 的新知学习环节 Section 3 课时目标 1.熟记单词、短语的意思和用法，并能灵活运用。 2.掌握文章中的一些重要句型，并学以致用。   课前词汇默写 核心词汇突破 重点句式解构 随堂融通训练 Contents 目录 01 02 03 04 05 课时检测 3 01 课前词汇默写 一、阅读单词——知其义 1．wipe the tears　　　　　　　 _____眼泪 2．asteroids hitting the Earth 撞击地球的_______ 3．solar energy _____能 4．hatch the eggs ___蛋 5．restore the confidence _____信心 擦干 小行星 太阳 孵 恢复 二、重点单词——写其形 1．all _______ on Earth 地球上所有的物种 2．a sixth _____ extinction 第六次大灭绝 3．______ the children 责备孩子们 4．______ my decision 影响我的决定 species mass blame affect 三、活用单词——悉其变 unusual usual usually varied vary variety various decrease decrease increase endangered endanger danger 四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词) 1．unusual：un­-否定前缀　 ①unhappy adj.　　　　　 不快乐的；不高兴的 ②unfair adj. 不公平的；不合理的 ③unlucky adj. 幸的；倒霉的 ④unhealthy adj. 不健康的；有害健康的 2．endanger：en­-动词前缀　 ①enlarge　　　　　　　 　 使变大 ②enrich 使富足 ③encourage 鼓励 ④enable 使能够 3．反义动词对比记忆　 ①increase(增加)→decrease(减少) ②rise(上升)→fall (下降) ③enlarge(扩大)→reduce(减少) ④raise(提高)→lower(降低)   五、高级词块——通其用 1．_________________　　　 对……有影响 2．_______ 消失；绝迹，灭绝 3．_________ 彻底毁灭 4．___________ (对某事)负有责任 5．_________ 处境危险，受到威胁 have an impact on die out wipe out be to blame be at risk 6．_________________ 采取措施做某事 7．_______ 简而言之，总之 8．______ 由于 9．__________ 取决于；依赖；依靠 10．______ 建立；装配；开业；竖立 take steps to do sth. in short due to depend on set up 02 核心词汇突破 1．Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth's history. 物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。 ★wipe out彻底毁灭，全部摧毁 |用|法|感|知| ·(“建议”类佳句)In most cases, good communication can help wipe out misunderstanding and build a good relationship.　在大多数情况下，良好的沟通可以帮助消除误解，建立良好的关系。 ·(“动作描写”佳句)I wiped the sweat from my face, realizing that the exercise had made me tired. 我擦掉脸上的汗水，意识到锻炼使我感到疲惫。 [归纳点拨] wipe vt.　　　　　　　　　 擦；拭 wipe ... away from ... 把……从……擦掉 wipe ... away/off 擦掉……；抹掉…… wipe ... with ... 用……擦…… wipe up ... 把……擦干净 |应|用|融|会| (完成句子) ①A 0.9-­meter rise would ___________________ completely. 只要上升0.9米，它们的栖息地就会完全被摧毁。 ②He __________________ a handkerchief. 他用手帕擦眼泪。 ③He spilled the milk on the floor but ________________ at once. 他把牛奶洒在了地板上，但立刻把它擦掉了。 ④___________________________ before they were put away.　 杯子没擦干净就收起来了。 wipe out their habitat wiped his tears with wiped it away/off The glasses were not wiped up 2．These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species. 这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次大灭绝，那期间90%至96%的物种灭亡了。 ★mass adj.大量的，大批的；数量极多的；广泛的 n．质量；物质；团；块；堆；大量；许多 |用|法|感|知| ·(“节日介绍”佳句) The Spring Festival is the time of year that sees the largest annual mass migration on the planet when one sixth of the world's population travel home. 每年的春节将见证地球上最大的年度大规模迁徙，在那个时候，全球六分之一的人口会返乡。 ·(“景色描写”佳句)There were forests, mountains with snowy tops and masses of ice. 那里有森林、白雪皑皑的群山，以及大片的冰原。 归纳点拨 a mass of/masses of　　大量；大批；众多 the mass of 大部分的 the masses 群众 名师点津 a mass of/masses of既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词的单复数常由mass的数决定。 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空) ①There ____ (be) masses of children playing in the yard. ②________ (mass) of people attended the meeting that day. ③The mass ___ the population could not afford such goods. are Masses of 3．The reasons for extinctions are varied. 灭绝的原因各不相同。 ★varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 |用|法|感|知| ·(“饮食健康”佳句)It is essential that your diet should be varied and balanced. 重要的是你的饮食应当是多样且平衡的。 ·(“景物描写”佳句)The park had a variety of flowers blooming, from roses to tulips to daffodils. 公园里有各种各样的鲜花盛开，从玫瑰到郁金香到水仙花应有尽有。 归纳点拨 (1)vary vi.& vt.　 相异；多变；改变，使多样化 vary from ... 和……不同 vary with ... 随……而变化 vary in ... 在……方面不同/有差异 vary between ... and ... 在……到……之间变动 vary from ... to ... 由……到……情况不等 (2)variety n. 种类；多样化 a variety of＝varieties of　 各种各样的 (3)various adj. 各种各样的 名师点津 a variety of和varieties of既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，后面谓语动词的单复数要根据of后名词的单复数而定。 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①Every solid object will reflect a sound, ________ (vary) according to the size and nature of the object. ②As you can see, Chinese food is famous for its wide ________ (vary)． ③The old couple determined to move to the countryside for _______ (vary) reasons. varying variety various ④Opinions on the shared bikes vary from person ___ person. ⑤I want to know whether there are _________________________ for us to choose from. 我想知道是否有种类繁多的书可供我们选择。   to a variety of/varieties of books 4．According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. 科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。 ★decrease n．减少；减少的量 vi.& vt.减少，降低 |用|法|感|知| ·(名言警句)Growth in wisdom may be exactly measured by decrease in bitterness. 智慧的增长可用痛苦的减少来精确衡量。 ·(“建议”类佳句)We should often open windows to make air circulate to decrease disease transmission. 我们应该经常打开窗户，让空气流通，以减少疾病传播。 归纳点拨 (1)on the decrease　　　　 在减少 a decrease in 在……方面减少 (2)decrease to 减少到 decrease by 减少了 decrease from ... to ... 从……减少到…… (3)increase v．&n. 增加，增长 名师点津 (1)指“某事物的增长/减少”用an increase/a decrease in sth.，其中in不可用of替换。 (2)decrease to“减少到”，后跟最终数字；decrease by“减少了”，后跟减少的幅度。 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①Ever since the new policy was carried out, there has been an obvious decrease ___ traffic accidents. ②With a balanced diet and regular exercise，the chance of developing cancer will decrease ___ 50%. in by ③Due to the application of advanced equipment, the number of his employees has decreased _____ 2,000 ___ 1,500. ④The birth rate of babies in this area __________________________. 这个地方的婴儿出生率在下降。 from to is decreasing/on the decrease 5．This time, human activity will be to blame. 这一次，人类活动是主要原因。 ★be to blame (for ... )(对某事)负有责任(表示被动)，应(为……)受责备 |用|法|感|知| ·(“人际关系”佳句)To be honest, it was Su's fault but Li was also to blame — they were not calm enough and both said some really mean things. 老实说，这是苏的错，但李也有责任——他们不够冷静，都说了一些非常刻薄的话。 ·(“心理描写”佳句)The teacher blamed Jim for not finishing the homework on time, which made him feel very ashamed and promised to do better. 老师责备吉姆没有按时完成作业，这让他感到很羞愧并许诺做得更好。 归纳点拨 (1)blame vt.　　　　　 责怪；指责；归咎于 n. 指责；责备；责任 blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 责备某人(做了)某事 blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 (2)put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 accept/shoulder/take/get the blame for sth. 对某事负责任 名师点津 be to blame for ... 为主动形式表示被动意义，因此不能再用被动语态。 blame “责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于”，常用于 blame sb.for sth.“因某事指责某人”和blame sth.on sb.“把某事归咎于某人” Charge “控告；谴责”，常用于 charge sb.with sth.“指控某人某事” accuse “控告，指控；指责，谴责”，常用于 accuse sb. of (doing) sth.“指控某人(做了)某事” [易混辨析]　blame/charge/accuse |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①The bank manager was really ________ (blame), though he tried to pin it on a clerk. to blame (2)一句多译 她把婚姻的失败归咎于她的丈夫。 ②She ______________________ the failure of their marriage. (blame sb.for sth.) ③She _________________________________ her husband. (blame sth.on sb.) ④She _______________________________________________ her husband.(put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.) blamed her husband for blamed the failure of their marriage on put/laid the blame for the failure of their marriage on 6．If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out. 研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次灭绝，地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。 ★ die out消失；绝迹，灭绝 |用|法|感|知| ·(“语言文化”主题佳句)It is said that half of the languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century.据说当今世界上使用的语言中有一半可能在下个世纪消失。 ·(“动物保护”主题佳句)Many animals are in danger of dying out and a recent study shows that various kinds of wild animals have decreased sharply in the past decades. 许多动物正面临灭绝的危险，最近的一项研究表明，过去几十年来，各种野生动物的数量急剧下降。 [归纳点拨] (1)die for ...　　　　 为……而死 die away (声音、光或感情等)逐渐 减弱；渐渐消失 die down (火、风暴、疼痛等)逐渐减弱；逐渐平息 die of/from 死于 die off 相继死去 (2)dying adj. 垂死的；临终的；渴望的 be dying for sth. 渴望得到某物；很想要某物 dying to do sth. 渴望做某事；极想做某事 |应|用|融|会| (完成句子) ①___________________ is quite glorious. 为人民而死是十分光荣的。 ②Some rare birds in the area are in danger of __________ because of human activity. 由于人类活动，该地区的一些珍稀鸟类有灭绝的危险。 To die for the people dying out ③Although the wind _____________, the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat. 尽管风减弱了，雨仍然下着，因此你仍需要一件雨衣。 ④London was a new world to me and I __________________ more about it. 伦敦对于我来说是个新世界，我渴望更多地了解这个城市。 has died down was dying to find out 7．Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. 当然，由于人类的生存依赖很多种物种，我们也有可能濒临灭绝。 ★be at risk处境危险，受到威胁 |用|法|感|知| ·(“科技发展”主题佳句)We must do a lot to make intelligent robots beneficial to us, otherwise our future would be at risk. 我们必须做很多事情以使智能机器人对我们有利，否则我们的未来将面临风险。 ·(“运动健康”主题佳句)There is evidence that running can strengthen your immune system and reduce the risk of serious diseases. 有证据表明，跑步能增强你的免疫系统，降低患严重疾病的风险。 归纳点拨 (1)risk vt.　　　　 冒……的危险；使遭受危险 n. 危险，风险 risk one's life 冒生命危险 risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 (2)at all risks＝at any risk 无论冒什么险，无论如何 at the risk of (doing) sth. 冒(做)某事的危险 run/take a risk/risks　 冒险 run/take the risk of doing sth. 冒着做某事的危险 put ... at risk 使……处于危险之中 名师点津 risk用作及物动词，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，不接动词不定式。 |应|用|融|会| (1)单句语法填空 ①I would like to risk ______ (be) late for class to help him. ②The doctors were determined to put their lives ___ risk to save the patients who have suffered from infectious diseases. ③They would go to rescue the travellers ___ any risk. being at at (2)一句多译 消防队员们冒着生命危险帮助人们逃生。 ④The firefighters _____________________ people escape.(risk v．) ⑤The firefighters ___________________________ people escape. (risk n．) ⑥The firefighters _______________________________________ people escape.(risk n．) risked their lives to help put their lives at risk to help ran/took the risk of losing their lives to help 8．For example, we need to take steps to save endangered species ... 例如，我们需要采取措施拯救濒危物种…… ★endangered adj.濒危的 |用|法|感|知| ·(“倡议”类佳句)It is high time that we should take measures to protect endangered animals. 到了我们采取措施保护濒危动物的时候了。 ·(“环境保护”主题佳句)The excessive deforestation in the area endangers many species, which is a serious issue that demands our immediate attention. 该地区过度的森林砍伐危及了许多物种，这是一个需要我们立即关注的严重问题。 [归纳点拨] (1)endanger v．　　　　 使遭危险；危及；危害 (2)danger n. 危险，风险 in danger 处于危险之中 (3)dangerous adj. 有危险的；不安全的 It is dangerous for sb.to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是危险的 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空) ①This financial profit can help nations protect habitats where ___________ (endanger) animals and plants live. ②The people are ___ danger; we must help them off. ③It's dangerous for children _______ (play) with fire. endangered in to play 03 重点句式解构 1．Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度令人担忧。 在主句中，at which this is now happening 是“介词at＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，which指代前面的先行词the rate。 (1)在“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，不可用that，即只能是介词＋which/whom。 (2)关系代词前介词选择三原则： ①一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。 ②二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。 ③三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。 注意：(1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 (2)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词＋关系代词”结构可以与关系副词when、where和why互换。 (3)通常介词放在定语从句中的动词后面，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词不可放在关系代词前。 “两层级”学通用活句式 (1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构 (用定语从句将下列句子合并成复合句) ①The tree is the largest and oldest in the park.They had their picnic under the tree. →__________________________________________________________________________ The tree under which they had their picnic is the largest and oldest in the park. ②I wish to thank Professor Smith. Without Smith's help I would never have got this opportunity. →______________________________________________________________________________________ I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this opportunity. (2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用 ③阅读有很多益处，其中之一是它能帮助你培养阅读技巧。 Reading has a lot of advantages,_____________________________ ___________________. one of which is that it helps you develop reading skills ④他在当地的一个文法学校接受教育，之后他继续就读于剑桥大学。 He was educated at a local grammar school,___________________ _____________. ⑤她带来了三个朋友，其中没有一个是我以前见过的。 She brought with her three friends,__________________________ ______. after which he went on to Cambridge none of whom I had ever met before 2．It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. 显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。 本句中包含“It is clear that ...”句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。 it作形式主语的常见句型如下： ①It is＋n./adj./过去分词＋that从句； ②It is＋adj.＋(for/of sb.) to do sth.； ③It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.； ④It happens/seems/looks/appears that ...，句中的happen、seem等词是不及物动词。 注意： (1)“It is suggested/ordered ... that ...” 句型中，主句中的过去分词如果表示请求、建议、命令时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)，should 可以省略。 (2)“It is important/necessary/right/strange/natural ... that ...”句型中，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)，should可以省略。 (3)“It is a pity/a shame/no wonder ... that ...”句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)，should可以省略。表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 “两层级”学通用活句式 (1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构 ①He is said to be one of the best medical scientists in China. →____________ he is one of the best medical scientists in China. ②That light travels in straight lines is known to all. →____________________ light travels in straight lines. It is said that It is known to all that (2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用 ③很明显，气候变化是对我们星球的主要威胁。 ______________ climate change is a major threat to our planet. ④(2025·浙江1月高考写作)建议学校对在校园内使用手机制定明确的规则，这可以确保每个人都有一个更好的学习环境。 ____________________________________ clear rules about mobile phone use on campus, which can ensure a better learning environment for everyone. It is clear that It is suggested that schools (should) set up ⑤他有必要记住这些话。 It is necessary that he____________________________. (should) remember these words 04 随堂融通训练 课文缩写语法填空 根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not ①_______ (usual) in our Earth's history. In the last 500 million years, there have been five times ②_____ life on Earth has almost ended. Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction and human activity will be ③_________ (blame). It is clear that human activity has ④________ (negative) affected all others pecies on Earth and the rate unusual when to blame negatively ⑤___ which this is now happening is cause for concern. If a sixth mass ⑥__________ (extinct) occurs, we humans, who depend on so many species for our ⑦________ (survive), would also be at risk of dying out. If we want to survive, we need to stop ⑧__________ (destroy) the planet where we live ⑨ ____ start to take steps to save ⑩___________ (endanger) species. at extinction survival destroying and endangered 05 课时检测 第Ⅰ卷　语言基础训练 (一)单词拼写(8分) (1)This region is the home of many ________ (物种) of wild flowers. (2)He ______ (擦) his hands on a clean towel. (3)It's ________ (不平常的) for the plants to flower so early. (4)Their latest product is aimed at the ______ (大量的) market. species wiped unusual mass (5)The measures are intended to ______ (恢复) public confidence in the economy. (6)The number of new students _________ (减少) from 210 to 160 this year. (7)Don't ______ (责怪) me if you miss the bus! (8)Your opinion will not ______ (影响) my decision. restore decreased blame affect (二)单句语法填空(12分) (9)It's not ________ (usual) for young doctors to work a 70-­hour week. (10)During the cultural festival，you can enjoy or participate in _____________ (vary) activities. (11)As far as I can judge, all of them are ________ (blame)． unusual varied/various to blame (12)It can be seen that certain groups are more ___ risk than others. (13)The list of ____________ (endanger) species includes nearly 600 fishes. (14)It is claimed that the number of tigers in the forest is ___ the decrease. at endangered on (三)选词填空(16分) be to blame， wipe out， die out， in short， be at risk， due to， take action， set up (15)If the environment changes, this kind of species may _______. (16)The coast road is closed _______ the bad weather. (17)Can you tell me who ___________ for this accident? die out due to is to blame (18)Your health _________ if you don't stop smoking. (19)We need more time to see how things develop before we __________. (20)The government agreed to _______ a committee of inquiry. (21)________, I like online reading more than paper reading. (22)We'll _________ any enemy that dares to invade our territory. is at risk take action set up In short wipe out (四)完成句子(10分) (23)______________________________________, nobody but I doubted it. 虽然答案看起来有点奇怪，但除了我以外没有人怀疑它。 (24)______________ the drug does benefit some patients. 很明显，这种药物确实对一些病人有益。 Although the answer seemed a little strange It is clear that (25)____________________, you will be fined. 如果你违反规则将被罚款。 (26)____________________________ in recent years. 近几年发生了许多变化。 (27)I'd like to know ___________________________________. 我想知道这些物种将要灭绝的速度。 If you break the rules There have been many changes the rate at which the species will die out (五)主题微写作(15分) 仿照课文最后一段的说明方法(举例法)，写一个片段，介绍一下应对空气污染的措施(至少2个)。 参考范文： One effective measure to deal with air pollution is to increase the use of public transportation.For example, in big cities like Beijing and Shanghai, subways and buses are widely available.People can choose to take these instead of driving private cars.This not only reduces emissions but also eases traffic congestion. Promoting the use of clean energy is another way to tackle air pollution. For instance, solar and wind power can replace fossil fuels in many areas. These renewable resources emit little to no pollutants during generation. As more clean energy projects take off, air quality will gradually improve, bringing us fresher breaths and bluer skies. 第Ⅱ卷　语篇综合训练 (标 语篇配有教师讲评课件) 完形填空( ) My 5-­year-­old daughter Kai walked around a bus stop, picking up candy wrappers and plastic bottles and throwing them in the waste bin. We were a visiting family here, but she was cleaning the sidewalk, which didn't shock me, nor was I ___ when strangers looked at us. 1 Our cleanup project began when we drove past an empty field one day and Kai ___ the field was covered by ___ balloons. We had read about how animals could ___ balloons for food. “Stop，” Kai said, and I ___. Surprisingly, we found the field was full of much trash ___ the balloons. “Can we come back and clean it？” Kai asked. Then each Friday, we returned to have a(n) ___ cleaning. 2 3 4 5 6 7 However, it seems we can never ___ the trash completely. I feel something close to ___！ Why are we making kids clean up our ___？ It has everything to do with the planet we adults are leaving for kids. Plastic pollution is globally distributed and microplastics have even been discovered in human blood. It is not a ___ story that we have created trash but our next generation cleans up them. 8 9 10 11 Now Kai hopes to become a marine biologist to protect sharks one day. She still has many years to ___， if adults get serious about solving plastic pollution. We shouldn't leave our next generation a ___ planet and expect them to save it. 12 13 The last time our family was at the beach, we still picked up plastic bottles. Most ___， though, we saw an octopus (章鱼) playing around our feet, a ___ of a harmonious habitat worth protecting. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和女儿捡塑料垃圾的故事，号召人们停止使用塑料产品，并参与到清理塑料的行动中来。 14 15 1．A.embarrassed　　　　 B．discouraged C．concerned D．frightened √ 解析：根据上文“which didn't shock me”以及该句中的“when strangers looked at us”可推知，作者看到女儿正在清理人行道，对于陌生人的注意，作者并不感到尴尬。 2．A.apologized B．confirmed C．spotted D．explained √ 解析：根据上文“Our cleanup project began”以及该句中的“the field was covered by __________ balloons”可推知，此处应表示作者的女儿发现空地上布满了废弃的气球，于是准备清理这些。 3．A.loose B．magic C．processed D．abandoned √ 解析：根据上文“picking up candy wrappers and plastic bottles”可知，此处应表示作者和女儿清理废弃的气球。 4．A.trade B．mistake C．replace D．change √ 解析：根据上文提到作者和女儿准备清理废弃的气球，以及该句中的“balloons for food”可知，此处应表示作者读过关于动物如何把气球误认为食物的书。 5．A.pulled over B．blew up C．turned down D．gave in √ 解析：选A　根据上文“when we drove past an empty field”和“Stop”可知，作者听到女儿说的话后，把车停在了路边。pull over“靠边停车”；blow up“炸毁”；turn down“拒绝”； give in“屈服，让步”。 6．A.due to B．ahead of C．other than D．instead of √ 解析：根据上文“Surprisingly, we found the field was full of much trash”可知，此处应表示作者他们发现除了气球外，田野里到处都是垃圾。 7．A.official B．serious C．optional D．regular √ 解析：根据该句中的“Then each Friday”可知，此处应表示作者他们会定期回来打扫卫生。 8．A.deliver B．remove C．track D．produce √ 解析：根据上文提到的定期回来打扫卫生，以及该句中的“the trash completely”可知，此处应表示彻底清除垃圾。 9．A.stress B．comfort C．anger D．pride √ 解析：根据下文“Why are we making kids clean up our _____________？ It has everything to do with the planet we adults are leaving for kids.”可推知，作者对此现象是表示愤怒的。 10．A.mess B．platform C．court D．house √ 解析：根据下文“Plastic pollution is globally distributed and microplastics have even been discovered in human blood.”可知，此处应表示作者对让孩子帮我们收拾残局这个事实感到不解。 11．A.scary B．pleasant C．historic D．real √ 解析：根据下文“that we have created trash but our next generation cleans up them”可知，此处应表示这不是一个令人愉快的故事。 12．A.decide B．struggle C．survive D．contribute √ 解析：根据上下文可知，此处应表示如果成年人认真对待解决塑料污染问题，作者的女儿还有很多年的时间来决定是否要成为一名海洋生物学家。 13．A.safe B．giant C．distant D．sick √ 解析：根据下文“and expect them to save it”可知，作者认为不应该给我们的下一代留下一个病态的星球。 14．A.personally B．memorably C．technically D．universally √ 解析：根据上文“The last time our family was at the beach, we still picked up plastic bottles.”以及该句中的though引出的转折和下文内容可知，此处应表示最令人难忘的一次经历。 15．A.promise B．threat C．reminder D．favor √ 解析：根据句意以及该句中的“a harmonious habitat worth protecting”可知，此处应表示作者和女儿看到一只章鱼在他们的脚边玩耍，这提醒他们那是一个值得保护的和谐栖息地。 本课结束 $$