Unit 3 Section Ⅱ LESSON 1 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION(Word教参)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版)

本高中英语讲义围绕“第六次物种大灭绝”核心主题，系统梳理地球历史上五次大灭绝的背景，剖析当前第六次灭绝的成因（人类活动）、影响（物种加速消亡）及应对措施。通过Pre-reading问题导入、While-reading分层阅读（主旨、细节、结构）、Post-reading语言与思维训练，构建完整学习支架。 资料亮点突出语言能力培养，含语块翻译、熟词生义及长难句分析；注重思维品质提升，通过数据引用（如物种灭绝率）、因果论证深化逻辑；渗透文化意识，强调生态保护与人类命运共同体。任务型阅读与合作讨论结合，课中助力教师高效授课，课后通过分层作业帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。

Section Ⅱ　LESSON 1　THE SIXTH EXTINCTION 　　Extinctions， where entire species are wiped out①， are not unusual in our Earth’s history②． In fact， over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct．In the last 500 million years③， there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended．These include the third mass extinction④， known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species．And the fifth event， which occurred 66 million years ago， caused the death of the dinosaurs⑤．The reasons for extinctions are varied．According to scientists， they include volcanic eruptions， asteroids hitting the Earth from space⑥， changes in sea levels， the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming⑦．Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction．This time， human activity will be to blame⑧． 　　Although it is not unusual for species to die out⑨ naturally， the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern．A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US， looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes， that is， the “background extinction rate”． ［1］They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal． ［2］There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out： air and water pollution， forests being destroyed， factory farming and overfishing． It is clear that human activity⑩ has negatively affected all other species on Earth， including animals and plants． 　　【释疑难】　［1］句是一个主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句；1，000 times faster than normal是倍数表达法。 　　【赏靓点】　［2］句中的a long list of属于高级词汇，要比many更形象又恰到好处，使语言更地道。 　　If a sixth mass extinction occurs， scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to⑪ three quarters of all species on Earth could die out．Of course， as we humans depend on⑫ so many species for our survival， we would also be at risk⑬ of dying out．Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants．［3］ Without forests， we would have no air to breathe， and without clean water we would be unable to survive． 　　Can a sixth extinction be avoided？ Experts say that it is not yet too late， if we take action⑭ now．［4］This would mean we have to significantly change the way we live． For example， we need to take steps⑮ to save endangered species⑯， including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected．We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner， more natural sources of energy， such as wind and solar energy⑰．We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water， air and land pollution． ［5］ In short⑱， if we want to survive， we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it． 　　【释疑难】　［3］句是一个并列句。and连接两个并列分句，其中without与no构成双重否定。 　　［4］本句是一个主从复合句。we have to significantly change the way we live为宾语从句，其中we live为定语从句，修饰先行词the way。 　　【赏靓点】　［5］句使用表示总结性的词语in short，起到概括总结前文的作用，使要点得以升华。 语块翻译 Para． 1 ①彻底毁灭 ②在地球的历史上 ③在过去的五亿年中 ④第三次灭绝 ⑤恐龙的灭亡 ⑥从太空 ⑦全球变暖 ⑧对（某事）负有责任 Paras． 2－3 ⑨消失；绝迹，灭绝 ⑩人类活动 ⑪多达 ⑫依赖，依靠 ⑬处境危险，受到威胁 Para． 4 ⑭采取行动 ⑮采取措施 ⑯拯救濒临灭绝的物种 ⑰太阳能 ⑱总之 熟词生义 1.last （Para． 1） 熟义：adj．最后的 文中义：adj．最近的 2.mass （Para． 1） 熟义： n．质量 文中义：adj．大规模的 3.hit （Para． 1） 熟义：v．打击，碰撞 文中义：v．击中 4.step （Para． 4） 熟义：n．步骤 文中义：n．手段 　 参考译文 　　物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。事实上，曾经存在的物种中90%以上现在都已经灭绝。在过去的五亿年中，地球上出现过五次生物几乎全部灭绝的情况。这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝，那期间 90%至 96%的物种灭亡了。 6，600 万年前发生的第五次灭绝导致了恐龙的灭亡。关于灭绝的原因各不相同。科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。许多科学家认为地球的第六次大灭绝即将来临。这一次，人类活动是主要原因。 　　虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 2015年在美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家进行的一项研究，调查了物种自然状态下灭亡的速度，即“背景灭绝率”。他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1，000倍。这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多：空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化畜牧和过度捕捞。显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。 　　研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次灭绝，地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。当然，由于人类的生存依赖很多种物种，我们也有可能濒临灭绝。我们的世界和我们的生命依赖于动植物之间的自然平衡。没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。 　　第六次灭绝可以避免吗？专家说，如果我们现在采取行动还为时不晚。这意味着我们必须极大地改变我们的生活方式。例如，采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的物种，包括建立动植物的特殊保护区。通过使用更清洁、更自然的能源，例如风能和太阳能来改变我们的工作和出行方式。我们还需要改进耕作方式，减少水、空气和土地污染。简而言之，如果我们想要生存，就需要停止破坏我们生活的星球并开始保护它。 Step One：Pre－reading How much do you know about extinction？ Answer the following questions according to your knowledge． 1.How many times up to today has life on Earth almost died out？ Five times． 2.About what percent of all species on Earth became extinct during the mass extinction known as the “Great Dying”？ 90%－96%． 3.What do scientists think will cause the next mass extinction？ Human activity． Step Two：While－reading Ⅰ．Read for the main idea Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer． 　What’s the main idea of the text？（　　） A．Six secret processes in the history of mankind． B．Some ways for man to save birds from extinction． C．Some measures to avoid extinction of the human race． D．The characteristics and preventive measures of the sixth extinction． 答案：D Ⅱ．Read for details Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer． 1.What is one of the reasons for extinction？（　　） A．Earthquakes． B．Changes in sea levels． C．Rise in oxygen． D．Drop in temperature． 2.What are scientists mainly concerned about as to species’ dying out？（　　） A．Results． B．Ways． C．Numbers．　 D．Rates． 3.What does the author mainly tell us in paragraph 3？（　　） A．What a sixth mass extinction is． B．The reasons for a sixth mass extinction． C．How a sixth mass extinction will happen． D．The consequences of a sixth mass extinction． 4.How can we avoid the sixth extinction？（　　） A．By producing more species． B．By stopping destroying the planet． C．By taking action to protect ourselves． D．By moving to another planet immediately． 答案：1－4　BDDB Ⅲ．Read for the structure Read the passage again and fill in the blanks． Step Three：Post－reading Ⅰ．品课文佳句 1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence to list the reasons for extinctions． According to scientists， they include volcanic eruptions， asteroids hitting the Earth from space， changes in sea levels， the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming． 2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that develop the passage by listing figures． （1）In fact， over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct． （2）In the last 500 million years， there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended． （3）These include the third mass extinction， known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species． （4）And the fifth event， which occurred 66 million years ago， caused the death of the dinosaurs． （5）They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal． 3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to develop the passage by using parallel structures． （1）Without forests， we would have no air to breathe， and without clean water we would be unable to survive． （2）We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner， more natural sources of energy， such as wind and solar energy．We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water， air and land pollution．In short， if we want to survive， we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it． Ⅱ．长难句分析 1.These include the third mass extinction， known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species． 句式分析： 自主翻译：这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝，那期间90%至96%的物种灭亡了。 2.Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally， the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern． 句式分析： 自主翻译：虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 3.If a sixth mass extinction occurs， scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out． 句式分析： 自主翻译：研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次灭绝，地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。 Ⅲ．讨论 1.What text type is this piece of writing？ What is its communicative purpose？ This piece of writing is an exposition （说明文）．The purpose of the writing is to explain what the sixth mass extinction is and its effects and call on people to take action to prevent it from happening． 2.What ways of argument does the writer use to convince readers？ Are you convinced？ Why or why not？ The writer uses ways such as citing ideas from experts or authorities，giving examples and using data．I believe that if we take action now， it is not too late to save other species from extinction．The black robins were saved from extinction when only a few remained， so I think it is possible to save any species if we take action right now． 写作词汇集释 1.wipe out 彻底毁灭 教材原句　Extinctions， where entire species are wiped out， are not unusual in our Earth’s history． 物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。 【用法】 wipe ．．．with ．．．用……擦…… wipe away 　　擦掉，擦干 wipe sth off/from ．．．把某物从……处擦掉（消除掉） wipe up　　擦拭；擦干净 【佳句】　The small village was completely wiped out by the floods．（环境描写） 这个小村庄被洪水彻底摧毁了。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①These measures will help to wipe out poverty in rural areas． ②He wiped his plate clean with a piece of bread． 【写美】　完成句子 ③She bent down and wiped the dirt off/from her shoes using a dry cloth．　（动作描写） 她弯下腰，用一块干布把鞋上的泥土擦掉。 2.decrease n．减少；减少的量 vi．& vt． 减少 教材原句　According to scientists， they include volcanic eruptions， asteroids hitting the Earth from space， changes in sea levels， the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming． 科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。 【用法】 （1）decrease to ．．．　　　　 减少到…… decrease by ．．．　　减少了…… decrease from ．．．to ．．．　　从……减少到…… （2）on the decrease　　正在减少 【佳句】　The temperature decreased by 10 degrees overnight， causing everyone to wear warmer clothes． 温度在一夜之间下降了10度，每个人穿上了更暖和的衣服。 （2025•全国二卷）Our study showed that there was 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant－rich workplaces． 我们的研究表明，在绿植丰富的工作环境中工作的人，病假天数减少了 30%。 【练透】　语块表达 ①The number of students in the computer club decreased from 40 to 25 （从40减少到25） this year， as many graduated． ②As far as I know， the number of visitors has decreased to （减少到） less than three hundred． ③The number of traffic accidents may decrease by （减少） 30% if all drivers strictly follow traffic rules every day． 【写美】　完成句子 ④Because of the destruction of their habitats， the number of some rare animals is on the decrease．（decrease n．） 由于它们的栖息地遭到破坏，一些稀有动物的数量正在减少。 3.blame vt．责怪，指责 n．责备；指责 教材原句　This time， human activity will be to blame． 这一次，人类活动是主要原因。 【用法】 （1）blame sb for （doing） sth 某人因（做了）某事而受到责备 blame sth on ．．．　　 把某事归咎于…… be to blame （for ．．．） 　　应（为……）承担责任； 该（为……）受责备 （2）take the blame for sth　　对某事负责任 lay/put the blame on sb　　把责任归咎于某人 【佳句】　“Was I to blame for all these embarrassments？ ” I guiltily thought to myself．　（心理描写） “这些尴尬都怪我吗？”我内疚地想。 We shouldn’t blame all our failures on bad luck but should find our own mistakes instead． 我们不应该把所有的失败都归咎于运气不好，而应该找出自己的错误。 【练透】　语块表达 ①After the event was ruined， they put/laid the blame on （归咎于） the weather， forgetting that the preparation was poorly managed． ②You should take the blame for （对……负责任） what you have done． 【写美】　完成句子 ③He realised that he was to blame for the misunderstanding between him and his friend． ④Blamed for the failure of the performance， Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help crying bitterly．　（心理描写） 由于演出失败而受到责备，蒂姆感到一阵悲伤袭来，忍不住痛哭起来。 4.die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝 教材原句　Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally， the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern． 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 【用法】 die away （声音、风、光等）慢慢变弱；渐渐消失 die down 　　（兴奋、火等）渐弱；渐息；平息 be dying for sth/to do sth 　　迫切想要（做）某事 die of 　　因……而死（一般指死于内因，如疾病、饥饿、情感原因等） die from 　　因……而死（一般指死于外因，如外伤、车祸、污染等） 【佳句】　The old language is dying out， with only a few elderly speakers remaining in the village． 这种古老的语言正在消亡，村里只剩下几位老年人会说这种语言。 The sound of the fireworks slowly died away as the night returned to its former quietness． 烟花的声响渐渐消散，夜晚又恢复了往日的宁静。 【练透】　用适当的介词或副词填空 ①This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed． ②The sound of the engine died away as the car drove into the distance． ③It is reported that many fishes in the river die from serious pollution． ④After a long and tiring journey under the hot sun， the travelers are dying for a quiet place to rest and have some cold fresh water． ⑤Many poor people in some areas die from hunger and serious diseases every year without enough medical care． 【写美】　词汇升级 ⑥Having been walking for nearly an hour， I am eager for a good sleep in bed． →Having been walking for nearly an hour， I am dying for a good sleep in bed． 重点句型解构 ◇ 句型公式：倍数表达法 教材原句　They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal． 他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1，000倍。 【用法】 常见的倍数表达法： （1）A＋be＋倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than＋B （2）A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋B （3）A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词（size/weight/length/．．．）＋of＋B （4）A＋be＋倍数＋what从句 【佳句】　The new library is three times bigger than the old one， providing more space for students． 新图书馆比旧图书馆大三倍，为学生提供了更多空间。 【写美】　完成句子/句型转换 ①Their newly－built school is almost twice the size of the old one． 他们新建的学校几乎是老学校的两倍大。 ②Jack’s coat is three times as expensive as mine． →Jack’s coat is three times the price of mine． →Jack’s coat is three times what I have paid for mine． →Jack’s coat is twice more expensive than mine． 维度一：品句填词 1.A mass （大量） of clouds gathered in the sky， signaling an approaching storm． 2.He noticed an unusual （不平常的） silence in the house， which was usually full of laughter． 3.The solar （太阳能的） panels on the roof generate enough energy to power the house． 4.This species （物种） of butterfly is unique to the island and can’t be found anywhere else． 5.She wiped （擦） the tears from her eyes and smiled bravely． 6.The number of birds in the area has significantly decreased due to habitat loss． 维度二：词形转换 1.Her varied （vary） skills， which include cooking， painting， and playing musical instruments， make her stand out among her peers． 2.This rare bird has become an endangered （endanger） species． 3.The dog followed its owner everywhere， a clear sign of the affection （affect） it had for him， making them inseparable． 4.The restoration （restore） of the old building brought back its original beauty and made it a popular spot for tourists． 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.Many endangered species are dying out （消失） due to habitat loss and climate change． 2.The wildfire wiped out （彻底毁灭） large areas of forest， leaving wildlife with no place to live． 3.Your health is at risk （处境危险） if you don’t stop smoking． 4.Don’t always blame your own failure on others （把你的失败归咎于他人）．Sometimes you yourself are to blame （应受到责备）． 5.You’d better go there by train．The train ticket is three times cheaper than （比……便宜三倍） the airplane ticket． Ⅰ．阅读理解 　　（2026•东北师大附中高二检测）Two pig farmers in Suffolk， East England have succeeded in feeding one million bees after participating in a project that saw them turn over half of their land to wildflowers．Four years ago， brothers Mark and Paul Hayward decided to fill 81 acres of their farm land with wildflowers．This week， a study was carried out monitoring insect activity on the flower－covered land， which found they were feeding one million bees at any time． 　　“This was our target when we started， to grow enough flowers to feed a million bees on a single day，” Mark said．“We are acutely aware that bees are under threat from modern farming methods and that East England is one of the worst places where bees are seriously suffering from lack of foraging （觅食） diversity．” 　　“Every third bite of food you eat can come from bees and we wanted to create an operation on our farm that did not push nature out but rather hugged it — as a central part of our ecology system and our food cycle，” he said． 　　The farm uses all kinds of seeds which can produce many different wild plants and of course， the bees can get food from different wildflowers． 　　“We are taking a very small role in helping society restore a balance and this starts with plant diversity to encourage insects， bees， small mammals （哺乳动物）， and birds，” said Paul．“At the end of the day， we see ourselves as caretakers of this land．Between us we have six children and we owe it to them to farm sustainability （持续性） and set an example for the generations to come，” added Paul． 　　According to the Bee Conservation Trust， many types of bees have seen their populations decline by 70%， and two species have become extinct in the last century． 　　Gill Perkins， CEO of the Bee Conservation Trust said， “Thanks to Mark and Paul， at least here， 1 million bees can keep living — a beacon （灯塔） of hope demonstrating what’s possible， which is of great significance for humans now and future．” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两位农民兄弟将一半的土地种上野花，为蜜蜂提供了食物来源，保护了蜜蜂的生存环境，为生态保护做出了贡献。 1.What can we know about the brothers from the first paragraph？（　　） A．They have about 160 acres of land． B．They grow wildflowers for pigs． C．They are not good at growing wildflowers． D．They have to support 1，000，000 bees on their land． 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知，兄弟俩共有（81×2=）162英亩土地，大约160英亩。 2.Why are bees under threat in East England according to Mark？（　　） A．They are affected by climate change． B．There are not enough wildflower varieties for food． C．Modern farming methods use too many pesticides． D．They are hunted by other animals． 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，东英格兰的蜜蜂受到威胁是因为没有足够的野花品种作为食物。 3.What does Paul mean by saying “we see ourselves as caretakers of this land” in paragraph 5？（　　） A．They feel responsible for protecting the land sustainably． B．They are paid to take care of the land by the government． C．They want to pass the land to their children as inheritance． D．They believe caring for the land is their job as farmers． 解析：A　句意理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，Paul说他们有六个孩子，他们应该为他们的农场可持续发展做出贡献，并为子孙后代树立榜样。由此可知，we see ourselves as caretakers of this land意为“对土地承担可持续保护的责任”。 4.What does Gill Perkins think of the brothers’ action？（　　） A．It has little impact on bee conservation． B．It’s a significant contribution to the world． C．It should be criticized for being too small－scale． D．It is only beneficial for the brothers’ farm． 解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Gill Perkins认为兄弟俩的行动是对世界的重大贡献。 Ⅱ．完形填空 　　An elderly woman rushed into action when she saw what she believed was a（n）　5　 baby hedgehog （刺猬） on the side of a 　6　 in England． 　　After a night without seeing the fuzzy （毛茸茸的） ball move or eat， the 　7　 lover rushed it to a wildlife hospital in Cheshire． 　　“The lady　8　 with a box．She said she had 　9　 this baby hedgehog on the roadside and it was cold and she 　10　 it up with a brush，” the wildlife hospital manager Janet Kotze said．“I took the box from her and 　11　 it．I couldn’t believe what I was seeing．I 　12　：‘It’s not a hedgehog．Perhaps it’s some other kind of fuzzy animal．’” 　　As soon as she picked up the fuzzy ball， Kotze realized it wasn’t　13　 at all．“　14　 with the weight， I could feel that it wasn’t a hedgehog or any animal at all，” Kotze said．“I put it back and said to the lady， ‘It’s 　15　 a bobble （绒线球） off a bobble hat．’” 　　The lady was very embarrassed， according to Kotze，　16　 whether the manager was “　17　” before walking out of the hospital with her box and bobble． 　　“She was very　18　 — the kind soul had thought she was rescuing a weak baby hedgehog， but her care and love knew no bounds，” Kotze said．“I don’t think she’ll make the same 　19　 again．I think she’ll check next time．” 语篇解读： 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国一位老妇人在路边捡到了一个“小刺猬”，送到医院却被告知是一顶泡泡帽上的泡泡球的故事。 5.A．angry　 B．noisy C．wet　 D．sick 解析：D　根据第二段中的rushed it to a wildlife hospital可知，老妇人以为小刺猬生病了。 6.A．tree　 B．road C．hill　 D．river 解析：B　根据第三段中的this baby hedgehog on the roadside可知，老妇人是在路边看到的小刺猬。 7.A．animal　 B．food C．baby　 D．sports 解析：A　根据最后一段中的she was rescuing a weak baby hedgehog可知，她是动物爱好者。 8.A．went by　 B．went off C．came in　 D．came across 解析：C　根据上文中的rushed it to a wildlife hospital in Cheshire可知，老妇人拿着盒子走进了医院。 9.A．found　 B．bought C．kept　 D．fed 解析：A　根据空后的this baby hedgehog on the roadside and it was cold可知，她是在路边发现了这只小刺猬。 10.A．wound　 B．picked C．woke　 D．gave 解析：B　根据空后的it up with a brush可知，他用柴枝捡起了小刺猬。 11.A．filled　 B．opened C．shook　 D．locked 解析：B　根据下句I couldn’t believe what I was seeing．可知，Kotze打开了盒子。 12.A．replied　 B．explained C．thought　 D．promised 解析：C　根据空后的It’s not a hedgehog．Perhaps it’s some other kind of fuzzy animal．可知，这里是Kotze心里的想法。 13.A．alive　 B．easy C．happy　 D．safe 解析：A　根据下句中的I could feel that it wasn’t a hedgehog or any animal at all可知，这个东西不是活物。 14.A．Regularly　 B．Unusually C．Significantly　 D．Obviously 解析：D　根据空后的with the weight， I could feel that it wasn’t a hedgehog or any animal at all可知，根据重量，Kotze明显感到它根本不是活物。 15.A．hardly　 B．nearly C．actually　 D．hopefully 解析：C　根据空后的a bobble （绒线球） off a bobble hat可知，这个东西实际上是一顶泡泡帽上的泡泡球。 16.A．showing　 B．asking C．learning　 D．examining 解析：B　根据空后的whether the manager was可知，老妇人在询问经理。 17.A．joking　 B．lying C．nodding　 D．laughing 解析：A　根据上段中的a bobble （绒线球） off a bobble hat可知，经理告知了真相，老妇人询问是不是在“开玩笑”。 18.A．shy　 B．slow C．smart　 D．sweet 解析：D　根据空后的the kind soul可知，老妇人十分可爱善良。 19.A．effort　 B．decision C．mistake　 D．change 解析：C　根据第四段最后一段可知，老妇人错把毛球看成了小刺猬，犯了一个错误。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $