专题32 构词法（知识清单）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统梳理了构词法专题，涵盖派生法、转化法、合成法及截断法等核心构词类型，通过知识脑图搭建体系框架，分考点深研前缀后缀、词性转换等高频内容，配套高考真题与模拟题精练模块。 清单采用分层突破设计，如派生法细分否定、时间等9类前缀及形容词变名词等5类后缀，每个知识点附即时训练与真题实例，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特设易错点提示（如形容词变副词特殊规则）和记忆技巧（如否定前缀搭配规律），助力学生自主构建知识网络，教师可据此精准指导复习，提升备考效率。

专题32 构词法（知识清单） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共11页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 派生法 知识点1 英语构词法分类 知识点2 派生法-否定前缀 知识点3 派生法-表示时间的前缀 知识点4 派生法-表示数字的前缀 知识点5派生法-表示动词的前缀 知识点6 派生法-表示属性的前缀 知识点7 派生法-表示程度的前缀 知识点8 派生法-表示方位的前缀 知识点9派生法-其它前缀 知识点10派生法-形容词变名词的后缀 知识点11 派生法-形容词变名词的后缀 知识点12派生法-名词形容词变动词的后缀 知识点13 派生法-形容词变副词的后缀 考点二 转化法 知识点01转化法 知识点2高考真题与转化法 考点三 其他构词法 知识点1 截断法 知识点2 混合法 知识点3 缩略法 9 / 33 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 高考真题分类精炼（词类转换） 名校模拟分类精炼（词类转换） 原创语法分类精炼（名词活用动词） 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点1派生法 考点1 派生法 知识点1英语构词法分类 知识点2派生法-否定前缀 派生法指通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词的方法，用派生法构成的词叫做派生词。一般词根决定词义，前缀改变词义，后缀决定词性。 前缀 特点 例词 im- 用于以“m”“b”开头的词，表示“不是”或“无” impossible 不可能的 imperfect 不完美的 immoral 不道德的 immature不成熟的 il- 用于以“l”开头的词，表示“不是”或“无” illegal 非法的 illogical 不合逻辑的 illegible 难以辨认的 illiterate不识字的 ir- 用于以“r”开头的词，表示“不是”或“无” irrational 不理性的 irregular不规则的 irresistible无法抗拒的 irrelevant不相关的 un- 用于名词、动词、形容词前，表示“不是”或“相反” unhappy 不快乐 unusual 不寻常的 undress脱下衣服 unlock解锁 dis- 用于名词、动词、形容词前，表示“相反”、“不”或“去除” disagree 不同意 disappear 消失 dishonest不诚实的 disadvantage不利条件 non- 用于名词、形容词前，表示“没有”或“不属于某种类别” nonexistent 不存在的 nonprofit非盈利的 nonmetal非金属 nonsense 胡说，废话 mis- 加在动词、名词之前，表示“错误”或否定 misunderstand误解 misjudge误判 misleading误导 misfortune不幸 anti- 加在名词、形容词之前，表示“反”，“抗”。 anti-Japanese 抗日的 anti-social反社会的 antibiotic抗生素 antimagnetic防磁的 counter- 加在名词、动词前，表示“反” counterpart对手 counterattack反攻，反击 de- 加在名词，形容词之前，表示“去掉”“降低” degrade使降级 decolor脱色，漂白 decrease减少 devalue  贬值 ab- 加在形容词，动词之前，表示“偏离，脱离，与其相反” abnormal不正常的 absent缺席的 abuse滥用 abstract提取 特殊记忆：equal adj. 平等的 →unequal adj. 不平等的→inequality n. 不平等 comfort n. 舒适；安慰v. 安慰→uncomfortable adj. 不舒适的 →discomfort n. 不适；不安 fortune n. 幸运；财富 →unfortunate adj. 不幸的→ misfortune n.厄运；倒霉 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Cheating someone's feelings is an ___________(moral) act that hurts deeply. 2.Stealing others’ belongings is ___________(legal) and can lead to serious consequences. 3.She used a unique password to ___________(lock) the encrypted file on her laptop. 4.A person who often lies is ___________(honest) and cannot be trusted easily. 5.The ___________(normal) heat this summer may be a sign of climate change. 6. Normally he gets up at six, but it is ___________(usual) for him to remain in bed till noon. 7. Unlike profit driven companies, this ___________(profit) group never seeks money from its members. 8. Confidence is a great advantage, and shyness turns into a serious ___________(advantage) in public speeches. 9. He bore his ___________(fortune) with great courage and never gave up hope. 10. Regular exercise matters, yet his ___________(regular) lifestyle weakens his body gradually. 【参考答案】 1. immoral 2. illegal 3. unlock 4. dishonest 5. abnormal 6. unusual 7. nonprofit 8. disadvantage 9. misfortune 10. irregular 知识点3 派生法-表示时间的前缀 前缀 特点 例词 ante- 加在名词、形容词前，before之前 ante-room前厅 antecedent先行的，先时的 ex- 加在名词前，前任的 ex-president前任总统 ex-wife 前妻 fore- 加在名词、动词前，before前．预先 forecast预测，预报 forehead前额 pre- 加在名词前，before之前 prehistory史前 preface前言 pro- 加在名词、动词前，预先的 programme 计划 prologue序幕 proto- 原始，初 protoplasm原生质 protoplast原物，原型 post- after之后 postwar战后 postgraduate研究生 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Students are supposed to ___________(view) new lessons before their regular English classes. 2. No expert can exactly ___________(tell) what great changes the future will bring us. 3. The ___________(president) refused to take part in any of the present government’s meetings. 4. Few written records exist, so we learn about ___________(history) mainly from ancient stone tools. 5. Many new factories were built to improve people’s lives during the ___________(war) years. 【参考答案】 1. preview 2. foretell 3. expresident 4. prehistory 5. postwar 知识点4 派生法-表示数字的前缀 前缀 特点 例词 hemi-，semi- 半 semiautomatic半自动的semimechanized半机械化的 uni- 单一 unipolar单极的unicellular单细胞的 ambi-，amphi- 两 ambiguous有两个意义的，暧昧的amphibian两栖的 bi-，di- 二，双 biweekly双周(刊)dioxide二氧化物 tri- 三 triangle三角形tricycle三轮车 centi- 百，百分之一 centimetre厘米(百分之一米)centipede蜈蚣(百脚虫) kilo- 千 kilometer千米kilogram公斤，千克 milli- 千 millennial千年的milligram毫克 ulti- 许多 multi-coloured颜色多样的multi-national多民族的 【跟踪训练】结合语境给出划线单词的汉语意思。 1.The museum’s exhibit uses multimedia to engage visitors with historical stories. 2.Climate patterns vary significantly between the two hemispheres of the planet. 3.His ambiguous reply made it hard to determine whether he agreed or not. 4.The roof’s triangular design provides both strength and aesthetic appeal. 5.I bought two kilograms of fresh strawberries at the farmers’ market this morning. 6.This millennial ancient tower has survived countless natural disasters over time. 7.The club sends out its biweekly magazine to all its registered members now. 8.You can draw a stable triangle with three straight lines on your paper. 9.Factories widely use this semiautomatic tool for simple production tasks today. 10.This multinational country values mutual respect among its various groups. 【参考答案】 1.多媒体 2.半球 3.模棱两可的4. 三角形 5. 千克 6.千年的7.两周一次的8.三角形9.半自动的10.多民族的 知识点5派生法-表示动词的前缀 前缀 特点 例词 be- 使……加强 belittle使缩小，贬低befriend友好相待，帮助 en- 使…… enlarge扩大enable使……能够（形容词前） endanger使濒危 encourage鼓励（名词前） em- 使进入某种状态 embrace v. 拥抱；欣然接受embody体现，使具体化 re 重新，再；回 rewrite重写rebuild重建 dis- 否定、分开、除去 disagree不同意disconnect断开 over 过度；越过 overwork过度工作overestimate高估 under 在下面；不足 underdevelop发展不足 underfeed喂养不足 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Local people began to ___________(build) their homes after the big storm. 2.He tried to ___________(friend) the lonely boy who seldom talked with others. 3.Good habits ___________(able) us to face difficulties with more confidence. 4.We should not ___________(estimate) our own ability in hard situations. 5.Many young people ___________(brace) new ideas from different cultural backgrounds. 【参考答案】 1. rebuild 2. befriend 3. enable 4. overestimate 5. embrace 知识点6 派生法-表示属性的前缀 前缀 特点 例词 mini- small小 miniskirt超短裙minibus小公共汽车 micro-  small微 microwave微波microscope显微镜 tele- far远的，终端 teleprinter电传打字机telescope望远镜 auto- self自动 automate使自动化automobile汽车； 知识点7 派生法-表示程度的前缀 前缀 特点 例词 sur- 超；超过 surface表面；surpass超越； out- 超过，外，出， outlive比……长寿outdo胜过 super- 在上，超；超过 superheat过热supermarket超级市场 知识点8 派生法-表示方位的前缀 前缀 特点 例词 over-, up- 在…之上；向上 overhead 头顶的upright 垂直的 sub- 下，其次, 低于，不足 subway 地道submarine 水下的 under- 在..之下；低于，次于 underline在……下划线underground地下的 inter- 在……间；互相 interpersonal 人与人之间的 international国际的 intro- 到……之中 introduce介绍introspect反省 mid- rniddle中，中间 midair半空中midstream中流 ex-,extra- 在……外，向外 external外部的extraordinary非常的 trans- 转换，横过，越过 transmit传送transplant移植 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.This old ___________(wave) works well, so we seldom heat food over the gas fire. 2.The old grandma ___________(live) all her brothers and sisters in the big family. 3.When reading texts, good students ___________(line) key points for later review work. 4.Good ___________(personal) abilities play a key part in our future social career development. 5.With steady efforts, his grades ___________(pass) those of most classmates in his grade. 【参考答案】 1. microwave 2. outlived 3. underline 4. interpersonal 5. surpass 知识点9派生法-其它前缀 前缀 特点 例词 hydr- water水 hydrogen氢hydroelectric水电的 dia- 通过，借以，分离 diagraph绘图仪diagnosis诊断 re- back，again回，再 refuel重新加油relive再生，复活 co- 与……一起 cooperate合作co-auther合著者 col-；com- 共同 collect收集commemorate纪念 con-；cor- conference会议corruption腐败 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The team’s poor performance left fans feeling _______. (courage→加前缀反义) 2. Online rumors may _______ people into making wrong decisions. (lead→加前缀反义) 3. It’s _______ to park here without a permit. (legal→加前缀反义) 4. The _______ of fresh water has become a global issue. (available→加前缀反义，填名词) 5. She remained _______ about her future plans. (certain→加前缀反义) 6. His _______ behavior made everyone in the room uncomfortable. (polite→加前缀反义) 7. The data collected from the experiment was _______, so we had to redo it. (accurate→加前缀反义) 8. _______ workers often face difficulties in finding stable jobs. (employ→加前缀反义，填名词) 9. The _______ of the meeting made it hard to reach a conclusion. (order→加前缀反义) 10. Parents should not _______ their children from trying new things. (courage→加前缀反义，表“劝阻”) 11. _______ resources like coal and oil will run out one day. (renewable→加前缀反义) 12. The sudden storm caused an _______ delay in the flight. (expected→加前缀反义) 13. Cultural _______ can happen when people from different backgrounds communicate. (understand→加前缀反义) 14. It’s _______ to judge a book by its cover. (fair→加前缀反义) 15. The old building has been _______ for years, with no one living in it. (active→加前缀反义) 【参考答案】 1. discouraged 2. mislead 3. illegal 4. unavailability 5. uncertain 6. impolite 7. inaccurate 8. Unemployed 9. disorder 10. discourage 11. Non-renewable 12. unexpected 13. misunderstandings 14. unfair 15. inactive 知识点10派生法-形容词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 －age short → shortage不足；短缺 －cy efficient → efficiency效率accurate → accuracy准确性 －dom free → freedom自由；自主wise → wisdom明智；智慧 －ence confident →confidence信心dependent →dependence依赖 －ness weak → weakness虚弱；弱点aware→awareness意识 －th young → youth年轻true → truth真理 －ty secure→security安全loyal→loyalty忠诚 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（25-26高一上·福建三明·阶段检测）It’s our (responsible) to learn advanced science and technology to build our country. 1.responsibility 【解析】句意：学习先进的科学技术来建设我们的国家是我们的责任。分析句子结构，our为形容词性物主代词，其后需接名词；responsible的名词形式为responsibility，意为“责任”，在句中作表语。 2．（25-26高一上·湖北荆州·开学考试）The long silence after the exam caused him some (anxious), making him increasingly anxious. 2.anxiety 【解析】句意：考试过后漫长的沉寂带给他几分焦虑，使他愈发焦躁不安。空处作动词caused的宾语，用名词形式，anxious是形容词，其名词形式是anxiety，表示“焦虑”，不可数。 3.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Sometimes a person may be in a position where he has to reject other people’s_________ (critical) and stick to his own ideas. 3.criticism 【解析】句意：有时候，一个人可能会处于这样的境地：他不得不拒绝他人的批评，并坚持自己的想法。other people’s为所有格，后跟名词，critical是形容词，其名词criticism“批评”满足句意需求，作reject的宾语。 4.（2026高二·全国·专题练习）The course can develop children’s imagination, (creative), team-work spirit and communication skills. 4.creativity 【解析】句意：这门课程可以培养孩子们的想象力、创造力、团队合作精神和沟通能力。分析句子结构，imagination、team-work spirit和communication skills均为名词，空格处需用名词与之并列，作宾语；creative的名词形式为creativity，意为“创造力”，是不可数名词。 5．（2026高二·全国·专题练习）She’d need all her strength and (brave) to cope with what lay in store. 5.bravery 【解析】句意：她需要用尽全部力气和勇气，去应对即将到来的一切。and连接并列名词，strength是名词，空格处同样需要名词；brave为形容词，名词形式bravery，意为“勇气”。作宾语。 知识点11 派生法-形容词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 －age short → shortage不足；短缺 －cy efficient → efficiency效率accurate → accuracy准确性 －dom free → freedom自由；自主wise → wisdom明智；智慧 －ence confident →confidence信心dependent →dependence依赖 －ness weak → weakness虚弱；弱点aware→awareness意识 －th young → youthth年轻true → truth真理 －ty secure→security安全loyal→loyalty忠诚 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（25-26高一上·福建三明·阶段检测）The countryside is suitable for me; I have a (prefer) for peaceful life. 1.preference 【解析】句意：乡村很适合我；我偏爱宁静的生活。冠词a后面需要接名词。prefer的名词形式是 preference，表示“偏爱，偏好”。构成固定搭配：have a preference for…“偏爱……”。 2．（25-26高一上·湖北荆州·开学考试）I followed my teacher’s (recommend) and found the recommended book very useful. 2.recommendation 【解析】句意：我听从了老师的推荐，发现那本被推荐的书非常实用。名词所有格teacher’s后面需要接名词，动词recommend对应的名词形式是recommendation，意为“推荐、建议”，在句中作followed的宾语。 3．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Income, education and (occupy) all play a part in determining a person’s smoking habit. 3.occupation 【解析】句意：收入、教育以及职业，都会对一个人的吸烟习惯产生影响。and并列三个名词：Income（收入）、education（教育）、occupation（职业）共同作主语。occupy名词形式为occupation“职业”，符合语境。 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）I apologized to you that I can’t give you the telephone number without Mr. Brown’s (permit) . 4.permission 【解析】句意：我向你致歉，未经布朗先生的许可我不能把这个电话号码给你。名词所有格Mr. Brown’s后面需要接名词，动词permit对应的名词形式permission意为“许可、准许”，without one’s permission是固定搭配。 5.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）All (submit) must be handed in by the end of this week. 5.submissions 【解析】句意：所有提交的材料必须在本周末之前上交。本空在All后面作句子主语，需要用名词submission“提交物，申报材料”，all后接可数名词复数。 知识点12派生法-名词形容词变动词的后缀 后缀 例词 －en（adj+en） broad → broaden使变宽hard → harden使变硬 －en（n+en） strength→strengthen加强length→lengthen加长 －ify class → classify把……分类beauty → beautify美化 －ize apology → apologize道歉emphasis → emphasize强调 -ate activate 激活 separate 分开 graduate 毕业 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Travelling around different places can __________(broad) our minds and open our eyes. 2.Frequent communication will __________(strength) the bond between close friends. 3.Scientists __________(class) these plants according to their special growth features. 4.He had to __________(apology) to his teammate for his careless rude words. 5.Teachers always __________(emphasis) the importance of careful reading in exams. 【答案】 1. broaden 2. strengthen 3. classify 4. apologize 5. emphasize 知识点13 派生法-形容词变副词的后缀 后缀 例词 一般形容词直接加-ly strong→strongly 强烈地exact→exactly精确地 以-y 结尾的形容词变y为i 加-ly angry→angrily生气地 busy→busily忙碌地 以-ic结尾的词形容词加-ally basic→basically 基本上scientific→scientifically 科学上 以-ll结尾形容词只须加- y full→fully充分地 dull→dully枯燥地 以-ing结尾形容词直接加-ly amazing→ amazingly令人惊叹地interesting→ interestingly有趣地 以-ed结尾形容词直接加-ly excited→ excitedly兴奋地repeated→repeatedly 反复地 以-le结尾的形容词去e加-ly simple→simply仅仅；简直possible→possibly 可能地 以-e结尾的形容词直接加-ly definite→definitely明确地 extreme→extremely极其 特殊易错 shy→shyly害羞地 public-publicly whole-wholly全部地 true-truly真实地 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（26-27高一上·安徽亳州·开学考试）You can (simple) turn off the machine if you don’t use it. 1.simply 【解析】句意：如果你不用这台机器，你只需把它关掉就行。空处修饰动词短语turn off，应用副词simply“仅仅，只是”作状语。 2.（2026高二·全国·专题练习）The lights switch off (automatic) when you leave the room. 2.automatically 【解析】句意：当你离开房间时，灯会自动熄灭。此处修饰动词短语switch off，需要用副词automatically作状语。 3.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Don’t worry. There is no harm in your staying up late ________ (occasion). 3.occasionally 【解析】句意：别担心，偶尔熬夜没什么害处。空格处用副词occasionally修饰staying up，occasionally意为“偶尔”。 4.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The entire experience was (incredible) refreshing. 4.incredibly 【解析】句意：整个经历令人难以置信地耳目一新。分析句子结构，refreshing为形容词，需用副词修饰；incredible的副词形式为incredibly，意为“难以置信地”。 5．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Network learning has (increase) become an important means for people to acquire knowledge and solve problems. 5.increasingly 【解析】句意：网络学习已日益成为人们获取知识和解决问题的重要方式。空处修饰动词become，副词increasingly符合题意，意为“越来越多地，不断增加地”，作状语。 考点2 转化法 知识点01转化法 后缀 例词 动词转化为名词 Let me have a try. 让我试试。 Let's go out for a drive next Sunday.下周日我们驾车出游吧。 名词转化为动词 Hand me the knife, please.把刀子递给我，谢谢。 He chaired the meeting.他主持了这场会议。 形容词转化为动词 Don't dirty my shoes.不要弄脏我的鞋。 They tried to perfect the working conditions.他们努力改善工作条件。 形容词转化为名词 The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.他不辨是非。 个别词转化为名词 Life is full of ups and downs.人生有得意时也有失意时。 Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。 知识点2高考真题与转化法 1.(2026 全国一卷・阅读 B) Local villagers crowd into the open‑air market early on festival days. 2.(2026 全国一卷・阅读 C) Bright street food aromas draw large numbers of passers‑by towards the market stands. 3.(2026 全国一卷・七选五) The project targets teenagers who lack access to practical hands‑on training resources. 4.(2026 全国一卷・完形) Many local families surplus some home‑grown crops for seasonal market trade. 5.(2026 全国一卷・读后续写) He slowed his pace to steady his shaking hands before making the speech. 6.(2026 全国一卷・阅读 D) The new policy will ground some old wrong ideas among ordinary citizens. 7.(2026 全国二卷・阅读 A) The coach eases our tension and guides us through every gentle tai‑chi movement. 8.(2026 全国二卷・阅读 B) The writer shaped his real‑life experiences into the content of this popular novel. 9.(2026 全国二卷・完形) We anchored our hope on small daily efforts rather than sudden lucky chances. 10.(2026 全国二卷・七选五) Students floor their teachers with creative answers to those open‑ended questions. 11.(2026 全国二卷・读后续写) The long‑time loneliness sharpened his senses to small changes around him. 12.(2026 全国二卷・阅读 C) Volunteers shelter homeless travellers against cold wind and heavy rainfall. 13. (2025全国一卷第44题) That left a house still stuffed with things that, while not particularly 45 valuable, didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场). 14. (2025全国二卷第41题) Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma. She only started to exercise seven years ago after having a wake-up call. 15. (2024新课标I卷第54题) I’ve matured a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever goals I set for myself, they just have to be my own. 16. (2024九省联考卷第53题) Soiling his clothes, working on a hot September afternoon, this man saved a college student from disaster, just because she could have been his daughter. 17. (2023新课标I卷第52题) As for Bailey, she is more confused about why her act is considered a big deal. 18. (2023新课标I卷第53题) Although the two young women were strangers before the meet, they’ve since become friends. 19. (2023浙江1月卷第50题) Sitting on a branch, he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. 20. (2024全国甲卷第50题) Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework. 【参考答案】 1.crowd n. 人群 → vi. 涌入；聚集 2.draw n. 吸引力；平局 → vt. 吸引；牵引 3.target n. 目标；对象 → vt. 以…… 为对象；针对 4.surplus n. 剩余，盈余 → vt. 剩余产出；拿出…… 作剩余物资 5.steady adj. 稳定的；平稳的 → vt. 使平稳；稳住 6.ground n. 地面；依据 → vt. 使立足于；破除 7.ease n. 安逸；轻松 → vt. 缓解；减轻 8.shape n. 形状；外形 → vt. 塑造；使成形 9.anchor n. 锚 → vt. 使扎根；使依托 10.floor n. 地板 → vt. 使大为惊讶；使折服 11.sharp adj. 锋利的；尖锐的 → vt. 使敏锐；加剧 12.shelter n. 庇护所；避难处 → vt. 庇护；为…… 提供遮蔽 13. stuff n. 东西；物品；材料→vt. 填满；塞满；装满 14. exercise n. 锻炼；运动；练习→vt. 锻炼；训练；运用 15. mature adj. 成熟的；稳重的→vi. 成熟；长成 16. soil n. 土壤；土地→vt. 弄脏；污染 17. deal vt. 处理；应对；交易→n. 交易；协议；事情 18. meet vt. 遇见；会面；满足→n. 相遇；会面；集会 19. inch n. 英寸→vi. 缓慢移动；渐进 20. favor n. 偏爱；好感；支持 →vt. 偏爱；支持；有利于 【即时训练】根据语境猜测划线词的词性和词义。 1.The survey results mirror the public’s growing concern about environmental issues. 2.Don’t forget to water the flowers—they’re drying out.. 3.When it comes to pests, red fire ants would probably top everyone’s list. 4.First, you should take an active part in the discussions and freely voice your opinion. 5. The company’s inbox was flooded with customer complaints after the product recall. 6. I’ll email you the report by the end of the day. 7. She googled the restaurant and found great reviews. 8.He pocketed the extra change without telling us. 9.You can’t park here—this is a no-parking zone. 10.The team was cornered in the final minutes but still scored. 【参考答案】 1.反映 2.浇水 3.位居榜首 4.表达 5.塞满 6.发邮件7.谷歌搜索8.放入口袋，私吞9.停车10.逼入绝境 考点3 合成法 知识点1 合成法-合成名词 构成方式 例词 名词＋名词 bookstore书店notebook笔记本 名词＋动词 sunbathe日光浴sleepwalk梦游 名词＋动名词 handwriting书法birdwatching观鸟 名词＋动词＋er/or pain-killer止痛药songwriter词曲作者 名词＋介词＋名词 sister-in-law嫂子editor-in-chief总编辑 代词＋名词 she-wolf母狼，he-goat公羊 动词＋名词 pickpocket扒手washroom洗手间 动名词＋名词 reading-room阅览室sitting-room起居室 形容词＋名词 freshman大一新生greenhouse温室 副词＋动词 outlook景色，风光input输入 介词＋名词 afterbrain后脑underground地铁 知识点2 合成法-合成形容词 构成方式 例词 名词＋形容词 duty-free免税的world-famous举世闻名的 名词＋现在分词 French-speaking讲法语的time-consuming耗时的 名词＋to＋名词 one-to-one一对一的way-to-success成功之路 名词＋过去分词 man-made人造的state-owned国有的 数词＋名词 one-way单行道的two-hour两小时的 数词＋名词＋形容词 three-year-old三岁的two-inch-thick两英寸厚的 数词＋名词＋ed ten-storeyed十层的three-legged三条腿的 动词＋副词 breakdown故障checkout结账 形容词＋名词 high-quality高质量的greenhouse温室 形容词＋名词＋ed noble-minded高尚的short-sighted近视的 形容词＋形容词 light-green浅绿色的dark-blue深蓝色的 形容词＋现在分词 ordinary-looking相貌一般的easy-going随和的 副词＋形容词 ever-green常青的under-developed欠发达的 副词＋现在分词 hard-working辛勤的far-reaching影响深远的 副词＋过去分词 well-known著名的newly-built新建的 副词＋名词 fast-food提供快餐的onlooker旁观者 介词＋名词 in-depth深入的off-line离线的；线下的 【即时训练】根据构词法和语境猜测划线词的汉语意思。 1.(2026 全国一卷) Its calendar is always packed with headline‑grabbing events. 2.(2026 全国一卷) Guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color‑coded digital parking pass. 3.(2026 全国‑卷) While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide‑eyed: “How can there be this many words?” 4.(2026 全国一卷)“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car‑centric lifestyle,” she said. 5.(2026 全国一卷) The questions were never‑ending when I studied in another state. 6.(2026 全国一卷) SoFi Stadium is the go‑to destination in the heart of Los Angeles for sports fans. 7.(2026 全国‑卷) Local experts warn us of ground‑level ozone in hot summer days. 8.(2026 全国一卷) This community‑based project aims to improve local urban green spaces. 9.(2026 全国一卷) Many youth‑oriented activities will be held in the city library this summer. 10.(2026 全国一卷) This climate‑related report draws wide public attention across the whole country. 11.(2026 全国一卷) The skill‑focused training helps teenagers improve their practical abilities. 12.(2026 全国一卷) We need some kid‑friendly materials for our environmental‑protection lecture. 13.(2026 全国一卷) This data‑driven study shows clear changes in local bird populations. 14.(2026 全国一卷) Most stress‑related symptoms will disappear with enough rest and exercise. 15.(2026 全国一卷) The volunteer‑led program offers free services for elderly people nearby. 16.(2026 全国二卷) Reserve a spot indoors, at its chef's counter, or covered dog‑friendly patio. 17.(2026 全国二卷) It is made with local materials, has a flat roof, wood paneling, and custom‑made furniture. 18.(2026 全国二卷) This not‑so‑hidden‑anymore fine restaurant serves tasty Sichuan cuisine in the city. 19.(2026 全国二卷) This family‑run restaurant has won high praise from local customers for years. 20.(2026 全国二卷) We took part in several hands‑on activities during our field study trip. 21.(2026 全国二卷) The teacher gives many thought‑provoking questions in each literature class. 22.(2026 全国二卷) This energy‑saving equipment can greatly cut down daily electricity costs. 23.(2026 全国二卷) Health‑promoting tai chi exercises become popular among city middle‑aged citizens. 24.(2026 全国二卷) The risk‑warning system can remind people of possible natural disasters. 25.(2026 全国二卷) Our student‑designed posters are shown on the wall of the school hall now. 26.(2026 全国二卷) The tradition‑rooted festival still keeps its ancient customs up to today. 27.(2026 全国二卷) Many time‑consuming tasks will be finished with the help of modern tools. 28.(2026 全国二卷) The paper‑based reading experience cannot be fully replaced by digital screens. 29.(2026 全国二卷) The rule‑abiding citizens will get more respect from the whole community. 30.(2026 全国二卷) The culture‑rich old town attracts thousands of visitors every single year. 【答案】 1. headline‑grabbing 抢占头条的、引人注目的2. color‑coded 颜色编码的3. wide‑eyed 睁大眼睛的；十分惊奇的4. car‑centric 以汽车为中心的5. never‑ending 永无止境的6. go‑to 首选的、最常求助的7. ground‑level 地面层面的8. community‑based 以社区为基础的9. youth‑oriented 面向青少年的10. climate‑related 与气候相关的 11. skill‑focused 侧重技能的12. kid‑friendly 适合儿童的13. data‑driven 数据驱动的14. stress‑related 和压力相关的15. volunteer‑led 志愿者主导的16. dog‑friendly对宠物狗友好的17. custom‑made 定制的18. not‑so‑hidden‑anymore 不再那么隐秘的19. family‑run 家庭经营的20. hands‑on 实操性的、亲自动手的 21. thought‑provoking 发人深思的22. energy‑saving 节能的23. health‑promoting 促进健康的24. risk‑warning 风险预警的25. student‑designed 学生设计的26. tradition‑rooted 植根于传统的27. time‑consuming 耗时的28. paper‑based 纸质载体的29. rule‑abiding 遵守规则的30. culture‑rich 文化底蕴丰厚的 知识点3合成法-合成动词 构成方式 例词 名词＋动词 sleep-walk梦游typewrite 打字 形容词＋动词 white-wash粉刷safeguard保护 副词＋动词 overwhelm压倒，制服overthrow 推翻 【即时训练】根据构词法和语境猜测划线词的汉语意思。 1.(2025 全国一卷) In local bird surveys, native species outnumber those newly introduced to the area. 2.(2025 全国一卷) Some ancient traditions outlive several dynasties and still influence modern citizens. 3.(2025 全国一卷) Careful training helps ordinary players outperform more experienced competitors in matches. 4.(2025 全国一卷) The benefits of community service outweigh the efforts we devote to those voluntary tasks. 5.(2025 全国二卷) Do not overestimate your strengths when you are faced with tough real‑life challenges. 6.(2025 全国二卷) We often underestimate the small but steady power of daily long‑term efforts. 7.(2025 全国二卷) Bad living habits may overwork our bodies and cause various hidden health risks. 8.(2025 全国二卷) This new policy will counteract the bad effects brought by previous unreasonable rules. 9.(2026 全国一卷) Many young people multitask, handling messages while finishing their school assignments. 10.(2026 全国一卷) Such unexpected events may overturn our former understanding of local social changes. 11.(2026 全国一卷) Modern tools outpace manual work and greatly raise production efficiency in factories. 12.(2026 全国二卷) Never outdo yourself in pursuit of prizes, or you may suffer from huge mental pressure. 13.(2026 全国二卷) Poor sleep will undercut our energy and weaken our performance in daily study and work. 14.(2026 全国二卷) The system will redirect waste resources and put them into new practical production. 15.(2026 全国二卷) Such terrible conditions may overheat the machine and bring about unexpected equipment failures. 【答案】 1. outnumber 数量上超过2. outlive 比…… 活得长久；比… 经久3. outperform 胜过；表现优于4. outweigh 比…… 更重要；重于5. overestimate 高估 6. underestimate 低估7. overwork 使过度劳累8. counteract 抵消；抵制9. multitask 同时处理多项任务10. overturn 推翻；颠覆11. outpace (速度上) 超过12. outdo 胜过；超过13. undercut 削弱；损害14. redirect 使改变方向；转移15. overheat 使过热 考点4 其他构词法 知识点1 截断法 截短法（Clipping）是构词法中通过截取原词的一部分（前缀、后缀或中间部分）形成新词的方法，新词通常保留原词的核心含义，且更简洁、口语化。 构成方式 例词 截去词尾 advertisement—ad广告 examination—exam测试 laboratory---lab实验室 gymnasium—gym健身房application—app应用程序 截去词头 telephone—phone电话earthquake—quake地震 minibus---bus公共汽车 aeroplane---plane飞机 截去词头和词尾 influenza—flu 流感refrigerator—fridge冰箱 mathematics—maths数学 知识点1 截断法知识点2 混合法 混合法就是取两个词各一部分拼接新词，多为名词，公式：词 A (前部)+ 词 B (后部)。 构成方式 例词 词首+词尾 brunch=breakfast + lunch 早午餐 smog=smoke + fog烟雾 motel=motor + hotel 汽车旅馆 词首+词首 sci-fi =science + fiction科幻小说/电影 modem =modulator +demodulator调制解调器 lidar =light +dar 激光雷达 词首+整词 medicare =medical +care医疗保险 Eurasia =`Europe + Asia欧亚大陆 blog =blend + log博客 整词 + 词尾 newscast = news + broadcast新闻广播 netizen = net + citizen网民 workaholic = work + alcoholic工作狂 知识点3 缩略法 缩略法就是两个以上单词取首字母，缩略为一个新的单词，多用作名词。 构成方式 例词 字母大写，读单个字母 UN=United Nations 联合国 DIY =Do It Yourself己动手做 VIP =Very Important Person贵宾 CEO=Chief Executive Officer首席执行官 GPS=Global Positioning System全球定位系统 WTO= World Tread Organization世界贸易组织 BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司 读作一个词 NATO= North Atlantic Treaty Organization北大西洋公约组织 TOEFL=Test of English as a Foreign Language 托福 laser= lightwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation激光 UNESCO =the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizatio联合国教科文组织 【即时训练】根据构词法和语境猜测划线词的来源和词义。 1. The hotel’s brunch buffet offers a wide range of dishes, from eggs Benedict to pastries. 2. The delivery company uses GPS to monitor the real-time movement of its trucks across the country. 3. Getting a flu vaccine every year can effectively reduce the risk of infection. 4. As a VIP member, you’ll receive exclusive discounts and early access to new products. 5. I prefer giving DIY presents, like hand-painted mugs or homemade candles. 6. This handy app helps students organize their daily study plans well. 7. We store fresh fruit and vegetables inside our home fridge every day. 8. Travellers by car choose this cheap motel near the main highway road. 9. NASA carries out many spaceexploration projects for human progress. 10. The GDP data reflects the overall economic condition of one whole country. 【参考答案】 1. brunch=breakfast+lunch早午餐2. GPS=Global Positioning System全球定位系统3. flu=influenza流感4. VIP =Very Important Person贵宾5. DIY =Do It Yourself动手做的 6. app = application 应用程序 7. fridge = refrigerator冰箱 8. motel = motor + hotel汽车旅馆 9. NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration美国国家航空航天局 10. GDP = Gross Domestic Product国内生产总值 优题精练·专题实战通关 高考真题分类精炼（词类转换） 考点01 考查动词转化为名词16例 1.（2026年全国二卷）Angela, a tai chi __________ (instruct) with twenty-eight years of experience, says that a successful hour of tai chi is an hour with no negative thoughts. 1. instructor 【解析】考查名词。句意：拥有二十八年经验的太极老师安吉拉说，一节圆满的太极课是无杂念的一课。本空为指代人Angela的同位语，用名词instructor“教练，老师”。 2.（2026北京卷）When the cashier rang everything up, my dad reached for his wallet and froze. He had forgotten to take it. I remember the 12 (embarrass) on his face. 2.考查名词。句意：我记得他脸上的窘迫。作remember宾语，the后需要名词，embarrass是动词，此空填其名词形式embarrassment，意为“尴尬、窘迫”。 3. （2026浙江1月卷）She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes watching the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, 60 (excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! 3.考查名词。句意：她会带着我们在厨房里左右跳舞，我们的眼睛盯着微波炉，仿佛那是火箭发射的倒计时，兴奋和紧张的情绪在最后一刻不断累积：叮！本空与后面的tension为并列关系，共同作主语，需用excite的名词形式excitement“兴奋”。故填excitement。 4.（2025全国一卷）“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your 59 (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 4. guidance 【解析】考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。 5.（2025浙江 1月卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing. 5. solution 【解析】考查词性转换。句意：塔尼娅经营的店铺面向女性提供时装租赁服务，而非直接售卖成衣，为人们出席一次性活动的穿搭需求提供了一种性价比更高的解决方案。由空白处前a可知，空白处应填名词形式。 6.（2025八省联考卷）As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 65 (innovate), and its inclusiveness. 6. innovation 【解析】考查名词。句意：随着越来越多的外国人开始学习中文和体验中国文化，世界将更好地了解中国及其丰富的历史、勤劳的人民、通过创新实现的发展以及包容性。此处作介词through的宾语，应用名词innovation“创新”。故填innovation。 7. (2024新课标II卷） The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 7. engineering 【解析】考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 8.（2024全国甲卷）They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68 ( complete ) of their journey. 8. completion 【解析】考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 9.（2024浙江1月卷）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the __________ (criticize) that they lead to waste. 9. criticism 【解析】考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。 10. (2023新课标II卷）Since June 2017, right before the __________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 10. arrival 【解析】考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。 11.（2023全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty __________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 11. warning 【解析】考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 12.（2022全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect). 12. protection 【解析】考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。 13.（2022浙江 1月卷）When the answer, was no, she, declined the ___________(invite). 13. invitation 【解析】考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。 14.（2021新课标II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 14. representative 【解析】考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。 15.（2021全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educate about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _____________(develop) of the local areas. 15. development 【解析】考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。 16.（2021浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ (marry)ceremony in 1842. 16. marriage 【解析】考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。 考点02 考查形容词转化为名词 17.（2026年全国一卷）The exact dates and __________ (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. 17. frequency 【解析】考查名词。句意：大集的确切日期和频率因地区而异。提示词与名词“dates”并列作主语，应用名词形式frequency，表示“频率”，不可数名词。 18.（2025全国二卷）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 63 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoonswith lots of fresh air. 18. absence 【解析】考查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。 19.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England. 19. richness 【解析】考查名词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 20. （2024新课标II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 62 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. 20. visibility 【解析】考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。 21.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a __________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 21. responsibility 【解析】考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。 考点03 考查动词转化为形容词 22.（2026年全国二卷）The movements have __________ (describe) names like “holding the bowl” and “grabbing the bird’s tail.” 22. descriptive 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这些招式有着形象生动的名字，如“捧碗”和“揽雀尾”。本空修饰名词names，作定语，用形容词descriptive“描绘性的，形象的”。 23.（2024新课标I卷）In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants. 23. closed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 24.（2022浙江卷）Blind people recognize shapes with their ____________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of sighted people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. 24.existing 【解析】考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语，修饰sense。故填existing。 25.（2022浙江卷）Blind people recognize shapes with their existing senses, in a way similar to that of ____________ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. 25. sighted 【解析】考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people，表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填sighted。 26.（2022新课标I卷）Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____________ (astonish). 26. astonished 【解析】考查形容词。句意：很奇怪，不是吗？但大自然就是这样 —— 总是让我们惊叹不已。此处说明“us”的状态，所以用astonished。 27.（2021新课标II卷）I was so ____________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half. 26. excited 【解析】考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。 考点04 考查名词转化为形容词 28. (2025全国一卷）Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ___________ (strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 28 strategic 【解析】考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement，需用形容词strategic“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic。 29. (2025全国二卷）Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, where bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ___________ (center) heating doesn’t exist. 29. central 【解析】考查形容词。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。故填central。 30. (2025北京卷）Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s ____________ (peace), especially around sunset. 30. peaceful 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这里很宁静，尤其是在日落时分。“is”后接形容词作表语，“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”，意为“宁静的”。故填peaceful。 31. (2025全国一卷）Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ___________ (strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 31. strategic 【解析】考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement，需用形容词strategic“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic。 32. (2025全国二卷）Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, where bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ___________ (center) heating doesn’t exist. 32. central 【解析】考查形容词。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。故填central。 33. (2024新课标I卷）The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful. 33. functional 【解析】考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。 34.（2023新课标I卷）Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 34.tasty 【解析】考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。 35.（2023新课标II卷）Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 37 (confidence) speaking English. 35.confident 【解析】考查形容词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。 36.（2023全国甲卷） 67 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 36.Different 【解析】考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。 37（2023全国乙卷）The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 37.remarkable 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。 38.（2023浙江1月卷）The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by (space) homes and walled gardens. 38. spacious 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。 39.（2022新课标II卷）On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ____________ (sleep) while watching TV. 39. asleep 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。 40.（2022全国甲卷）Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ____________ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. 40. meaningful 【解析】考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。 41.（2021新课标II卷）I told him how ____________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 41. harmful 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。 42.（2021全国甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____________ (day) routines. 42. daily 【解析】句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。 43.（2021全国乙卷）·Provide ____________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. 43. financial 【解析】句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。 44.（2020新课标卷）In the 18th and 19th centuries, ____________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. 44. wealthy 【解析】考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。 45.（2020北京卷）Oliver says if you're____________ (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them if you can join in when it's possible. 45. lucky 【解析】考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。 考点05 考查形容词转化为副词 46.（2026年全国二卷）For the first 15 minutes of my tai chi (太极) class, we remain __________ (entire) in one spot to warm up. 46. entirely 【解析】考查副词。句意：太极课的前十五分钟，我们全程待在原地热身。本空修饰动词remain，作状语，用副词entirely“完全地，全程地”。 47.（2026年浙江1月卷）Life is full of so many __________ (seeming) uneventful moments, but we can turn any of them into a celebration. 47. seemingly 【解析】考查副词。句意：生活中充满了许多看似平淡无奇的时刻，但我们可以把其中任何一个变成庆祝。此处修饰形容词uneventful，应用副词seemingly“看似”，作状语。故填seemingly。 48.（2025全国一卷）Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 65 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 48. digitally 【解析】考查副词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally“数字地”，作状语。故填digitally。 49. （2025天津3月卷）Much evidence suggests that the sea floors are ________moving, and continually being created and destroyed. A. instantly B. occasionally C. constantly D. temporarily 49. C 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：大量证据表明，海底在不断地移动，并且持续地被创造和破坏。A.instantly立即；马上；B.occasionally偶尔；间或；C. constantly不断地；持续地；temporarily暂时地；临时地。根据continually being created and destroyed.可知，海底在不断地移动。故选C项。 50.（2024九省联考卷）Today, a writer (simple) throws an empty pen away and gets a new one. 50.simply 【解析】考查副词。句意：今天，一个作家只是把一支空笔扔掉，再买一支新的。空格处作状语修饰动词throws，应用副词形式。故填simply。 51.（2023浙江1月卷）The term “hutong”, (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 51. originally 【解析】考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。 52.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ____________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 52. eventually 【解析】考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。 53.（2022新课标II卷）When he looked down, he ____________ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. 53. accidentally 【解析】考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。 54.（2021新课标I卷）The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 54. undoubtedly 【解析】考查副词。句意：山脚下的温泉是你登山后必须尝试的体验，它无疑能让你重新焕发活力！修饰动词help，用副词形式。 55.（2021北京卷）Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____________ (safe) wait for the police to take her home. 55. safely 【解析】考查副词。句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语，故填safely。 56.（2021浙江1月卷）But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ____________ (sharp). 56.sharply 【解析】考查副词。句意：但 30 年后，许多国家城乡居民的 BMI（身体质量指数）差异已大幅缩小。空处修饰谓语动词had narrowed，应用副词sharply。 57.（2020全国III卷）As the small boat moved ____________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 57. gently 【解析】句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。 58.（2023新课标II卷）So, what are they learning? 43 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. 58.Basically 【解析】考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。 59.（2023新课标I卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 59.rarely 【解析】考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。 60.（2021天津卷）As working from home becomes ____________(increasing) common, people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career. 60. increasingly 【解析】考查副词。句意：随着在家工作变得越来越普遍，人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易。increasingly越来越多地，渐增地。根据后文“people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career”可知人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易，是因为在家工作变得越来越普遍，increasingly符合语境。 名校模拟分类精炼（构词法） 1．（25-26高一上·福建三明·阶段检测）Every man is born equal, regardless of color, race, or (nation). 1.nationality 【解析】句意：人人生而平等，无论肤色、种族还是国籍。根据“of”以及“color, race, or”可知，此空是名词nationality，意为“国籍”，作宾语。 2．（25-26高一上·甘肃武威·开学考试）He hopes to make a (contribute) to medical research in the future. 2.contribution 【解析】句意：他希望未来能为医学研究做出一份贡献。本空作宾语，用名词形式contribution，构成固定搭配make a contribution to，表示“为……做贡献”。 3．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Usually a child’s behavior is a (reflect) of his family background. 3.reflection 【解析】句意：通常一个孩子的行为是其家庭背景的一种反映。空前有不定冠词a，后面需要接名词单数reflection“反映，体现”。 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）They will ask you to sign a (declare) allowing our doctor to disclose your medical details. 4.declaration 【解析】句意：他们会要求你签署一份声明，允许我们的医生披露你的医疗详细信息。设空处应填名词作sign的宾语，declare的名词是declaration，意为“声明”，前面有a修饰用单数。 5．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The strategy was designed to wear down the enemy’s (resist). 5.resistance 【解析】句意：该策略旨在消磨敌人的抵抗意志。本空位于名词所有格enemy’s后面，需要用名词作wear down的宾语。resist的名词形式为resistance“抵抗，反抗”。 6．（2026高三·北京·专题练习）The new policy aims to (courage) small and medium-sized enterprises to invest more in green energy projects. 6.encourage 【解析】考查动词。句意：这项新政策旨在鼓励中小企业在绿色能源项目上加大投资。根据“aim to do sth. (旨在做某事)”的固定搭配可知，此空应是动词原形encourage，意为“鼓励”。故填encourage。 7．（25-26高一上·山东青岛·阶段检测）It is suggested that you should practice more on daily basis to _________ (sharp) your badminton skills. 7.sharpen 【解析】考查动词。句意：建议你每天多练习，提高你的羽毛球技能。根据“to + 动词原形” 构成不定式表目的的用法可知，此空应是动词原形。所给词sharp是形容词，意为“锋利的；敏锐的”。其动词形式为sharpen，意为“提高；使敏锐”。“多练习”的目的是“提高羽毛球技能”，to sharpen your badminton skills在句中作目的状语。故填sharpen。 8．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）If bitten by a (poison) snake or insect, you are supposed to squeeze the poison out as soon as possible. 8.poisonous 【解析】句意：如果被有毒的蛇或昆虫咬伤，你应该尽快把毒液挤出来。本空修饰名词snake or insect，作定语，需要用形容词poisonous“有毒的”。 9．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）His idea was not (convince). At last I convinced him to change his mind to accept my idea. 9.convincing 【解析】句意：他的想法没有说服力。最后我说服他改变主意接受我的观点。空处作系动词was的表语，需用形容词convincing，意为“令人信服的”，修饰主语His idea。 10．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）And the next step is to remove the last (remain) invading species with dogs without harming the native animals. 10.remaining 【解析】句意：下一步就是借助犬类清除剩余的入侵物种，同时避免伤害本土动物。空格后是名词短语invading species，需要形容词作定语修饰该名词；动词remain转化为形容词remaining，含义为“剩余的、遗留的”。 11．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）He was born into a poor family, and only received a (limit) education in his childhood. 11.limited 【解析】句意：他出身贫困家庭，童年时期只接受过有限的教育。空处修饰名词education，需用形容词作定语，limit的形容词形式为limited，意为“有限的”。 12．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）You may well need to look outside your preferred area to find _________ (afford) accommodation. 12.affordable 【解析】句意：你很可能需要到自己心仪区域以外的地方寻找价格实惠的住宿。修饰名词accommodation用形容词affordable，意为“负担得起的；价格合理的”，作定语。 13．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The woman was staring (eager) at the girl, trying to make a conversation. 13.eagerly 【解析】句意：这位女士急切地盯着女孩，想要开启一段对话。修饰动词短语was staring at，需用副词eagerly，作状语。 14．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）She looked at her parents (anxious) as if asking for forgiveness. 14.anxiously 【解析】句意：她焦虑地看着父母，仿佛在请求原谅。本空修饰动词短语looked at her parents，作状语，用副词anxiously“焦虑地”。 15．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Even worse, some would rather break the law to satisfy their financial desire or seek their fortune (legal) . 15.illegally 【解析】句意：更糟糕的是，有些人宁愿触犯法律，非法地满足自己的金钱欲望或是谋取财富。修饰动词satisfy和seek，需用副词illegally，作状语。 16．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） (current), car insurance is not optional in the annual inspection; all the vehicles are required to register insurance. 16.Currently 【解析】句意：目前，汽车保险在年检中不是可选的；所有车辆都必须登记保险。分析句子结构，空格处修饰整个句子，需用副词作状语；current的副词形式为Currently，意为“目前、当前”，句首单词首字母需大写。 17．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） (evident), many days are routine and uninteresting for them, especially in winter. 17.Evidently 【解析】句意：显然，对他们来说，很多日子都是平淡无趣的，尤其是在冬天。分析句子结构，空格处修饰整个句子，需用副词作状语；evident的副词形式为evidently，意为“显然地”，句首单词首字母需大写。 18．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）It is said that he (narrow) escaped being killed in the traffic accident the other day. 18.narrowly 【解析】句意：据说前几天他在那场交通事故中险些丧命。空格修饰动词escaped，要用副词；形容词narrow的副词形式是narrowly，narrowly escaped意为“侥幸逃脱、险些遭遇不幸”。 19．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Our monitor is enthusiastic about creating a (harmony) campus and he often launches some campaigns to promote it. 19.harmonious 【解析】句意：我们的班长热衷于创建和谐校园，他经常发起一些活动来推动这件事。设空处应填形容词修饰名词campus作定语，harmony的形容词是harmonious，意为“和谐的”。 20．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）To achieve this (ambition) goal, Chinese scientists must conduct extensive research before launching the rockets. 20.ambitious 【解析】句意：为实现这一宏伟目标，中国科学家必须在发射火箭前开展大量研究。 空格后为名词goal，需要形容词修饰名词。所给词ambition是名词，意为“抱负、雄心”，其形容词形式ambitious表示“宏大的、雄心勃勃的”。 原创语法分类精炼（转化法） 1. She booked a table at the riverside restaurant for dinner. 2. They mapped out a plan to finish the project ahead of time. 3. He phoned his teammate to confirm the meeting time. 4. She emailed the application form to the company’s HR department. 5. The student penciled notes in the margin of his textbook. 6. The cook knifed the meat into small cubes for the stew. 7. He forked some salad onto his plate and started eating. 8. She fingered the delicate fabric of the dress carefully. 9. He shouldered the heavy backpack and set off for the hike. 10. All the team members backed her choice to change the strategy. 11. We headed for the train station as soon as we packed our bags. 12. They footed the final stretch of the road when the bus didn’t arrive. 13. The manager eyed the latecomer with a questioning expression. 14. He mouthed “good luck” to his sister before her performance. 15. She handed the gift to her friend with a warm smile. 16. The guards were armed with riot shields to maintain order. 17. We have to face the fact that the task is more difficult than expected. 18. Many residents voiced their concerns about the new construction. 19. She lipped a silent greeting to her neighbor across the street. 20. She brushed her hair gently before attending the meeting. 21. He combed through the report to find the hidden mistake. 22. They nailed the wooden board to the frame to fix it firmly. 23. She taped the broken page of the book to keep it intact. 24. He pocketed the receipt and left the supermarket quickly. 25. He penned a thank-you note to his mentor after receiving valuable help. 26. She hammered the loose nail into the wooden shelf to make it stable. 27. They roped the camping gear tightly to the roof of the car before the trip. 28. He spooned some honey into his tea to sweeten it a little. 29. The rescuers laddered up the cliff to reach the injured hiker. 30. He chained his bike to the street rail before entering the café. 31. The nurse bandaged the patient’s cut finger to stop the bleeding. 32. She masked her anxiety with a calm expression during the interview. 33. The fishermen netted a basket of fresh shrimp by the riverbank. 34. He hooked his backpack onto the chair to keep it from falling. 35. She stuck a photo of her family on the office desk. 36. They bottled the homemade jam and gave it to friends as gifts. 37. My mom canned the fresh tomatoes from the garden for winter. 38. She shelled the peanuts and put them into a bowl for guests. 39. He padded the box with bubble wrap to protect the fragile item. 40. The cat nosed out the mouse hiding behind the cabinet. 【参考答案】 1. book n. 书 vt. 预订 2. map n. 地图 vt. 规划；绘制路线 3. phone n. 电话 vt. 给…… 打电话 4. email n. 电子邮件 vt. 给…… 发电子邮件 5. pencil n. 铅笔 vt. 用铅笔写 6. knife n. 刀 vt. 用刀切 7. fork n. 叉子 vt. 用叉子叉 8. finger n. 手指 vt. 用手指触碰；轻抚 9. shoulder n. 肩膀 vt. 承担；扛起 10. back n. 背部 vt. 支持；赞成 11. head n. 头 vi. 前往；朝…… 走去 12. foot n. 脚 vi. 步行；走 13. eye n. 眼睛 vt. 注视；审视 14. mouth n. 嘴 vt. 用嘴说；低语 15. hand n. 手 vt. 递给；交出 16. arm n. 手臂 vt. 武装；配备 17. face n. 脸 vt. 面对；正视 18. voice n. 声音 vt. 表达；吐露 19. lip n. 嘴唇 vt. 用嘴唇示意；轻声说 20. brush n. 刷子 vt. 刷；梳理 21. comb n. 梳子 vt. 梳理；仔细搜寻 22. nail n. 钉子 vt. 钉住；固定 23. tape n. 胶带；磁带 vt. 用胶带粘；录制 24. pocket n. 口袋 vt. 把…… 装入袋中 25. pen n. 钢笔 vt. 用钢笔写 26. hammer n. 锤子 vt. 用锤子敲；击打 27. rope n. 绳子 vt. 用绳子捆扎；系牢 28. spoon n. 勺子 vt. 用勺子舀；盛取 29. ladder n. 梯子 vt. 用梯子攀爬；借助梯子到达 30. chain n. 链条 vt. 用链条拴住 31. bandage n. 绷带 vt. 用绷带包扎 32. mask n. 口罩；面具 vt. 掩饰；戴口罩 33. net n. 网 vt. 用网捕捉；网住 34. hook n. 钩子 vt. 用钩子钩住；挂住 35. stick n. 树枝；棍子 vt. 粘贴；插入 36. bottle n. 瓶子 vt. 用瓶子装；把…… 装入瓶中 37. can n. 罐头；罐子 vt. 把…… 装罐保存 38. shell n. 贝壳；果壳 vt. 剥壳；去壳 39. pad n. 垫子；便签本 vt. 用垫子衬垫；填充 40. nose n. 鼻子 vt. 嗅出；探寻 $专题32 构词法（知识清单） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共11页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 派生法 知识点1 英语构词法分类 知识点2 派生法-否定前缀 知识点3 派生法-表示时间的前缀 知识点4 派生法-表示数字的前缀 知识点5派生法-表示动词的前缀 知识点6 派生法-表示属性的前缀 知识点7 派生法-表示程度的前缀 知识点8 派生法-表示方位的前缀 知识点9派生法-其它前缀 知识点10派生法-形容词变名词的后缀 知识点11 派生法-形容词变名词的后缀 知识点12派生法-名词形容词变动词的后缀 知识点13 派生法-形容词变副词的后缀 考点二 转化法 知识点01转化法 知识点2高考真题与转化法 考点三 其他构词法 知识点1 截断法 知识点2 混合法 知识点3 缩略法 4 / 33 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 高考真题分类精炼（词类转换） 名校模拟分类精炼（词类转换） 原创语法分类精炼（名词活用动词） 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点1派生法 考点1 派生法 知识点1英语构词法分类 知识点2派生法-否定前缀 派生法指通过在词根上加________或者________构成一个新词的方法，用派生法构成的词叫做________。一般词根决定词义，前缀改变________，后缀决定________。 前缀 特点 例词 im- 用于以“m”“b”开头的词，表示“不是”或“无” impossible 不可能的 imperfect 不完美的 immoral 不道德的 immature不成熟的 il- 用于以“l”开头的词，表示“不是”或“无” illegal 非法的 illogical 不合逻辑的 illegible 难以辨认的 illiterate不识字的 ir- 用于以“r”开头的词，表示“不是”或“无” irrational 不理性的 irregular不规则的 irresistible无法抗拒的 irrelevant不相关的 un- 用于名词、动词、形容词前，表示“不是”或“相反” unhappy 不快乐 unusual 不寻常的 undress脱下衣服 unlock解锁 dis- 用于名词、动词、形容词前，表示“相反”、“不”或“去除” disagree 不同意 disappear 消失 dishonest不诚实的 disadvantage不利条件 non- 用于名词、形容词前，表示“没有”或“不属于某种类别” nonexistent 不存在的 nonprofit非盈利的 nonmetal非金属 nonsense 胡说，废话 mis- 加在动词、名词之前，表示“错误”或否定 misunderstand误解 misjudge误判 misleading误导 misfortune不幸 anti- 加在名词、形容词之前，表示“反”，“抗”。 anti-Japanese 抗日的 anti-social反社会的 antibiotic抗生素 antimagnetic防磁的 counter- 加在名词、动词前，表示“反” counterpart对手 counterattack反攻，反击 de- 加在名词，形容词之前，表示“去掉”“降低” degrade使降级 decolor脱色，漂白 decrease减少 devalue  贬值 ab- 加在形容词，动词之前，表示“偏离，脱离，与其相反” abnormal不正常的 absent缺席的 abuse滥用 abstract提取 特殊记忆：equal adj. 平等的 →________adj. 不平等的→________ n. 不平等 comfort n. 舒适；安慰v. 安慰→________ adj. 不舒适的 →________ n. 不适；不安 fortune n. 幸运；财富 →________ adj. 不幸的→ ________ n.厄运；倒霉 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Cheating someone's feelings is an ___________(moral) act that hurts deeply. 2.Stealing others’ belongings is ___________(legal) and can lead to serious consequences. 3.She used a unique password to ___________(lock) the encrypted file on her laptop. 4.A person who often lies is ___________(honest) and cannot be trusted easily. 5.The ___________(normal) heat this summer may be a sign of climate change. 6. Normally he gets up at six, but it is ___________(usual) for him to remain in bed till noon. 7. Unlike profit driven companies, this ___________(profit) group never seeks money from its members. 8. Confidence is a great advantage, and shyness turns into a serious ___________(advantage) in public speeches. 9. He bore his ___________(fortune) with great courage and never gave up hope. 10. Regular exercise matters, yet his ___________(regular) lifestyle weakens his body gradually. 知识点3 派生法-表示时间的前缀 前缀 特点 例词 ante- 加在名词、形容词前，before之前 ante-room前厅 antecedent先行的，先时的 ex- 加在名词前，前任的 ex-president前任总统 ex-wife 前妻 fore- 加在名词、动词前，before前．预先 forecast预测，预报 forehead前额 pre- 加在名词前，before之前 prehistory史前 preface前言 pro- 加在名词、动词前，预先的 programme 计划 prologue序幕 proto- 原始，初 protoplasm原生质 protoplast原物，原型 post- after之后 postwar战后 postgraduate研究生 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Students are supposed to ___________(view) new lessons before their regular English classes. 2. No expert can exactly ___________(tell) what great changes the future will bring us. 3. The ___________(president) refused to take part in any of the present government’s meetings. 4. Few written records exist, so we learn about ___________(history) mainly from ancient stone tools. 5. Many new factories were built to improve people’s lives during the ___________(war) years. 知识点4 派生法-表示数字的前缀 前缀 特点 例词 hemi-，semi- 半 semiautomatic半自动的semi-mechanized半机械化的 uni- 单一 unipolar单极的unicellular单细胞的 ambi-，amphi- 两 ambiguous有两个意义的，暧昧的amphibian两栖的 bi-，di- 二，双 biweekly双周(刊)dioxide二氧化物 tri- 三 triangle三角形tricycle三轮车 centi- 百，百分之一 centimetre厘米(百分之一米)centipede蜈蚣(百脚虫) kilo- 千 kilometer千米kilogram公斤，千克 milli- 千 millennial千年的milligram毫克 ulti- 许多 multi-coloured颜色多样的multi-national多民族的 【跟踪训练】结合语境给出划线单词的汉语意思。 1.The museum’s exhibit uses multimedia to engage visitors with historical stories. 2.Climate patterns vary significantly between the two hemispheres of the planet. 3.His ambiguous reply made it hard to determine whether he agreed or not. 4.The roof’s triangular design provides both strength and aesthetic appeal. 5.I bought two kilograms of fresh strawberries at the farmers’ market this morning. 6.This millennial ancient tower has survived countless natural disasters over time. 7.The club sends out its biweekly magazine to all its registered members now. 8.You can draw a stable triangle with three straight lines on your paper. 9.Factories widely use this semiautomatic tool for simple production tasks today. 10.This multinational country values mutual respect among its various groups. 知识点5派生法-表示动词的前缀 前缀 特点 例词 be- 使……加强 belittle使缩小，贬低befriend友好相待，帮助 en- 使…… enlarge扩大enable使……能够（形容词前） endanger使濒危 encourage鼓励（名词前） em- 使进入某种状态 embrace v. 拥抱；欣然接受embody体现，使具体化 re 重新，再；回 rewrite重写rebuild重建 dis- 否定、分开、除去 disagree不同意disconnect断开 over 过度；越过 overwork过度工作overestimate高估 under 在下面；不足 under-develop发展不足 underfeed喂养不足 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Local people began to ___________(build) their homes after the big storm. 2.He tried to ___________(friend) the lonely boy who seldom talked with others. 3.Good habits ___________(able) us to face difficulties with more confidence. 4.We should not ___________(estimate) our own ability in hard situations. 5.Many young people ___________(brace) new ideas from different cultural backgrounds. 知识点6 派生法-表示属性的前缀 前缀 特点 例词 mini- small小 miniskirt超短裙minibus小公共汽车 micro-  small微 microwave微波microscope显微镜 tele- far远的，终端 teleprinter电传打字机telescope望远镜 auto- self自动 automate使自动化automobile汽车； 知识点7 派生法-表示程度的前缀 前缀 特点 例词 sur- 超；超过 surface表面；surpass超越； out- 超过，外，出， outlive比……长寿outdo胜过 super- 在上，超；超过 superheat过热supermarket超级市场 知识点8 派生法-表示方位的前缀 前缀 特点 例词 over-, up- 在…之上；向上 overhead 头顶的upright 垂直的 sub- 下，其次, 低于，不足 subway 地道submarine 水下的 under- 在..之下；低于，次于 underline在……下划线underground地下的 inter- 在……间；互相 interpersonal 人与人之间的 international国际的 intro- 到……之中 introduce介绍introspect反省 mid- middle中，中间 midair半空中midstream中流 ex-,extra- 在……外，向外 external外部的extraordinary非常的 trans- 转换，横过，越过 transmit传送transplant移植 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.This old ___________(wave) works well, so we seldom heat food over the gas fire. 2.The old grandma ___________(live) all her brothers and sisters in the big family. 3.When reading texts, good students ___________(line) key points for later review work. 4.Good ___________(personal) abilities play a key part in our future social career development. 5.With steady efforts, his grades ___________(pass) those of most classmates in his grade. 知识点9派生法-其它前缀 前缀 特点 例词 hydr- water水 hydrogen氢hydroelectric水电的 dia- 通过，借以，分离 diagraph绘图仪diagnosis诊断 re- back，again回，再 refuel重新加油relive再生，复活 co- 与……一起 cooperate合作co-author合著者 col-；com- 共同 collect收集commemorate纪念 con-；cor- conference会议corruption腐败 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The team’s poor performance left fans feeling _______. (courage→加前缀反义) 2. Online rumors may _______ people into making wrong decisions. (lead→加前缀反义) 3. It’s _______ to park here without a permit. (legal→加前缀反义) 4. The _______ of fresh water has become a global issue. (available→加前缀反义，填名词) 5. She remained _______ about her future plans. (certain→加前缀反义) 6. His _______ behavior made everyone in the room uncomfortable. (polite→加前缀反义) 7. The data collected from the experiment was _______, so we had to redo it. (accurate→加前缀反义) 8. _______ workers often face difficulties in finding stable jobs. (employ→加前缀反义，填名词) 9. The _______ of the meeting made it hard to reach a conclusion. (order→加前缀反义) 10. Parents should not _______ their children from trying new things. (courage→加前缀反义，表“劝阻”) 11. _______ resources like coal and oil will run out one day. (renewable→加前缀反义) 12. The sudden storm caused an _______ delay in the flight. (expected→加前缀反义) 13. Cultural _______ can happen when people from different backgrounds communicate. (understand→加前缀反义) 14. It’s _______ to judge a book by its cover. (fair→加前缀反义) 15. The old building has been _______ for years, with no one living in it. (active→加前缀反义) 知识点10派生法-形容词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 －age short → shortage不足；短缺 －cy efficient → efficiency效率accurate → accuracy准确性 －dom free → freedom自由；自主wise → wisdom明智；智慧 －ence confident →confidence信心dependent →dependence依赖 －ness weak → weakness虚弱；弱点aware→awareness意识 －th young → youth年轻true → truth真理 －ty secure→security安全loyal→loyalty忠诚 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（25-26高一上·福建三明·阶段检测）It’s our (responsible) to learn advanced science and technology to build our country. 2．（25-26高一上·湖北荆州·开学考试）The long silence after the exam caused him some (anxious), making him increasingly anxious. 3.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Sometimes a person may be in a position where he has to reject other people’s_________ (critical) and stick to his own ideas. 4.（2026高二·全国·专题练习）The course can develop children’s imagination, (creative), team-work spirit and communication skills. 5．（2026高二·全国·专题练习）She’d need all her strength and (brave) to cope with what lay in store. 知识点11 派生法-形容词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 －age short → shortage不足；短缺 －cy efficient → efficiency效率accurate → accuracy准确性 －dom free → freedom自由；自主wise → wisdom明智；智慧 －ence confident →confidence信心dependent →dependence依赖 －ness weak → weakness虚弱；弱点aware→awareness意识 －th young → youth年轻true → truth真理 －ty secure→security安全loyal→loyalty忠诚 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（25-26高一上·福建三明·阶段检测）The countryside is suitable for me; I have a (prefer) for peaceful life. 2．（25-26高一上·湖北荆州·开学考试）I followed my teacher’s (recommend) and found the recommended book very useful. 3．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Income, education and (occupy) all play a part in determining a person’s smoking habit. 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）I apologized to you that I can’t give you the telephone number without Mr. Brown’s __________ (permit) . 5.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）All (submit) must be handed in by the end of this week. 知识点12派生法-名词形容词变动词的后缀 后缀 例词 －en（adj+en） broad → broaden使变宽hard → harden使变硬 －en（n+en） strength→strengthen加强length→lengthen加长 －ify class → classify把……分类beauty → beautify美化 －ize apology → apologize道歉emphasis → emphasize强调 -ate activate 激活 separate 分开 graduate 毕业 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Travelling around different places can __________(broad) our minds and open our eyes. 2.Frequent communication will __________(strength) the bond between close friends. 3.Scientists __________(class) these plants according to their special growth features. 4.He had to __________(apology) to his teammate for his careless rude words. 5.Teachers always __________(emphasis) the importance of careful reading in exams. 知识点13 派生法-形容词变副词的后缀 后缀 例词 一般形容词直接加-ly strong→strongly 强烈地exact→exactly精确地 以-y 结尾的形容词变y为i 加-ly angry→angrily生气地 busy→busily忙碌地 以-ic结尾的词形容词加-ally basic→basically 基本上scientific→scientifically 科学上 以-ll结尾形容词只须加- y full→fully充分地 dull→dully枯燥地 以-ing结尾形容词直接加-ly amazing→ amazingly令人惊叹地interesting→ interestingly有趣地 以-ed结尾形容词直接加-ly excited→ excitedly兴奋地repeated→repeatedly 反复地 以-le结尾的形容词去e加-ly simple→simply仅仅；简直possible→possibly 可能地 以-e结尾的形容词直接加-ly definite→definitely明确地 extreme→extremely极其 特殊易错 shy→shyly害羞地 public-publicly whole-wholly全部地 true-truly真实地 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（26-27高一上·安徽亳州·开学考试）You can (simple) turn off the machine if you don’t use it. 2.（2026高二·全国·专题练习）The lights switch off (automatic) when you leave the room. 3.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Don’t worry. There is no harm in your staying up late ________ (occasion). 4.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The entire experience was (incredible) refreshing. 5．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Network learning has (increase) become an important means for people to acquire knowledge and solve problems. 考点2 转化法 知识点01转化法 后缀 例词 动词转化为名词 Let me have a try. 让我试试。 Let's go out for a drive next Sunday.下周日我们驾车出游吧。 名词转化为动词 Hand me the knife, please.把刀子递给我，谢谢。 He chaired the meeting.他主持了这场会议。 形容词转化为动词 Don't dirty my shoes.不要弄脏我的鞋。 They tried to perfect the working conditions.他们努力改善工作条件。 形容词转化为名词 The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.他不辨是非。 个别词转化为名词 Life is full of ups and downs.人生有得意时也有失意时。 Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。 知识点2高考真题与转化法 1.(2026 全国一卷・阅读 B) Local villagers crowd into the open‑air market early on festival days. 2.(2026 全国一卷・阅读 C) Bright street food aromas draw large numbers of passers‑by towards the market stands. 3.(2026 全国一卷・七选五) The project targets teenagers who lack access to practical hands‑on training resources. 4.(2026 全国一卷・完形) Many local families surplus some home‑grown crops for seasonal market trade. 5.(2026 全国一卷・读后续写) He slowed his pace to steady his shaking hands before making the speech. 6.(2026 全国一卷・阅读 D) The new policy will ground some old wrong ideas among ordinary citizens. 7.(2026 全国二卷・阅读 A) The coach eases our tension and guides us through every gentle tai‑chi movement. 8.(2026 全国二卷・阅读 B) The writer shaped his real‑life experiences into the content of this popular novel. 9.(2026 全国二卷・完形) We anchored our hope on small daily efforts rather than sudden lucky chances. 10.(2026 全国二卷・七选五) Students floor their teachers with creative answers to those open‑ended questions. 11.(2026 全国二卷・读后续写) The long‑time loneliness sharpened his senses to small changes around him. 12.(2026 全国二卷・阅读 C) Volunteers shelter homeless travellers against cold wind and heavy rainfall. 13. (2025全国一卷第44题) That left a house still stuffed with things that, while not particularly 45 valuable, didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场). 14. (2025全国二卷第41题) Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma. She only started to exercise seven years ago after having a wake-up call. 15. (2024新课标I卷第54题) I’ve matured a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever goals I set for myself, they just have to be my own. 16. (2024九省联考卷第53题) Soiling his clothes, working on a hot September afternoon, this man saved a college student from disaster, just because she could have been his daughter. 17. (2023新课标I卷第52题) As for Bailey, she is more confused about why her act is considered a big deal. 18. (2023新课标I卷第53题) Although the two young women were strangers before the meet, they’ve since become friends. 19. (2023浙江1月卷第50题) Sitting on a branch, he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. 20. (2024全国甲卷第50题) Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework. 【即时训练】根据语境猜测划线词的词性和词义。 1.The survey results mirror the public’s growing concern about environmental issues. 2.Don’t forget to water the flowers—they’re drying out.. 3.When it comes to pests, red fire ants would probably top everyone’s list. 4.First, you should take an active part in the discussions and freely voice your opinion. 5. The company’s inbox was flooded with customer complaints after the product recall. 6. I’ll email you the report by the end of the day. 7. She googled the restaurant and found great reviews. 8.He pocketed the extra change without telling us. 9.You can’t park here—this is a no-parking zone. 10.The team was cornered in the final minutes but still scored. 考点3 合成法 知识点1 合成法-合成名词 构成方式 例词 名词＋名词 bookstore书店notebook笔记本 名词＋动词 sunbathe日光浴sleepwalk梦游 名词＋动名词 handwriting书法birdwatching观鸟 名词＋动词＋er/or pain-killer止痛药songwriter词曲作者 名词＋介词＋名词 sister-in-law嫂子editor-in-chief总编辑 代词＋名词 she-wolf母狼，he-goat公羊 动词＋名词 pickpocket扒手washroom洗手间 动名词＋名词 reading-room阅览室sitting-room起居室 形容词＋名词 freshman大一新生greenhouse温室 副词＋动词 outlook景色，风光input输入 介词＋名词 afterbrain后脑underground地铁 知识点2 合成法-合成形容词 构成方式 例词 名词＋形容词 duty-free免税的world-famous举世闻名的 名词＋现在分词 French-speaking讲法语的time-consuming耗时的 名词＋to＋名词 one-to-one一对一的way-to-success成功之路 名词＋过去分词 man-made人造的state-owned国有的 数词＋名词 one-way单行道的two-hour两小时的 数词＋名词＋形容词 three-year-old三岁的two-inch-thick两英寸厚的 数词＋名词＋ed ten-storeyed十层的three-legged三条腿的 动词＋副词 breakdown故障checkout结账 形容词＋名词 high-quality高质量的greenhouse温室 形容词＋名词＋ed noble-minded高尚的short-sighted近视的 形容词＋形容词 light-green浅绿色的dark-blue深蓝色的 形容词＋现在分词 ordinary-looking相貌一般的easy-going随和的 副词＋形容词 ever-green常青的under-developed欠发达的 副词＋现在分词 hard-working辛勤的far-reaching影响深远的 副词＋过去分词 well-known著名的newly-built新建的 副词＋名词 fast-food提供快餐的onlooker旁观者 介词＋名词 in-depth深入的off-line离线的；线下的 【即时训练】根据构词法和语境猜测划线词的汉语意思。 1.(2026 全国一卷) Its calendar is always packed with headline‑grabbing events. 2.(2026 全国一卷) Guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color‑coded digital parking pass. 3.(2026 全国‑卷) While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide‑eyed: “How can there be this many words?” 4.(2026 全国一卷)“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car‑centric lifestyle,” she said. 5.(2026 全国一卷) The questions were never‑ending when I studied in another state. 6.(2026 全国一卷) SoFi Stadium is the go‑to destination in the heart of Los Angeles for sports fans. 7.(2026 全国‑卷) Local experts warn us of ground‑level ozone in hot summer days. 8.(2026 全国一卷) This community‑based project aims to improve local urban green spaces. 9.(2026 全国一卷) Many youth‑oriented activities will be held in the city library this summer. 10.(2026 全国一卷) This climate‑related report draws wide public attention across the whole country. 11.(2026 全国一卷) The skill‑focused training helps teenagers improve their practical abilities. 12.(2026 全国一卷) We need some kid‑friendly materials for our environmental‑protection lecture. 13.(2026 全国一卷) This data‑driven study shows clear changes in local bird populations. 14.(2026 全国一卷) Most stress‑related symptoms will disappear with enough rest and exercise. 15.(2026 全国一卷) The volunteer‑led program offers free services for elderly people nearby. 16.(2026 全国二卷) Reserve a spot indoors, at its chef's counter, or covered dog‑friendly patio. 17.(2026 全国二卷) It is made with local materials, has a flat roof, wood paneling, and custom‑made furniture. 18.(2026 全国二卷) This not‑so‑hidden‑anymore fine restaurant serves tasty Sichuan cuisine in the city. 19.(2026 全国二卷) This family‑run restaurant has won high praise from local customers for years. 20.(2026 全国二卷) We took part in several hands‑on activities during our field study trip. 21.(2026 全国二卷) The teacher gives many thought‑provoking questions in each literature class. 22.(2026 全国二卷) This energy‑saving equipment can greatly cut down daily electricity costs. 23.(2026 全国二卷) Health‑promoting tai chi exercises become popular among city middle‑aged citizens. 24.(2026 全国二卷) The risk‑warning system can remind people of possible natural disasters. 25.(2026 全国二卷) Our student‑designed posters are shown on the wall of the school hall now. 26.(2026 全国二卷) The tradition‑rooted festival still keeps its ancient customs up to today. 27.(2026 全国二卷) Many time‑consuming tasks will be finished with the help of modern tools. 28.(2026 全国二卷) The paper‑based reading experience cannot be fully replaced by digital screens. 29.(2026 全国二卷) The rule‑abiding citizens will get more respect from the whole community. 30.(2026 全国二卷) The culture‑rich old town attracts thousands of visitors every single year. 知识点3合成法-合成动词 构成方式 例词 名词＋动词 sleep-walk梦游typewrite 打字 形容词＋动词 white-wash粉刷safeguard保护 副词＋动词 overwhelm压倒，制服overthrow 推翻 【即时训练】根据构词法和语境猜测划线词的汉语意思。 1.(2025 全国一卷) In local bird surveys, native species outnumber those newly introduced to the area. 2.(2025 全国一卷) Some ancient traditions outlive several dynasties and still influence modern citizens. 3.(2025 全国一卷) Careful training helps ordinary players outperform more experienced competitors in matches. 4.(2025 全国一卷) The benefits of community service outweigh the efforts we devote to those voluntary tasks. 5.(2025 全国二卷) Do not overestimate your strengths when you are faced with tough real‑life challenges. 6.(2025 全国二卷) We often underestimate the small but steady power of daily long‑term efforts. 7.(2025 全国二卷) Bad living habits may overwork our bodies and cause various hidden health risks. 8.(2025 全国二卷) This new policy will counteract the bad effects brought by previous unreasonable rules. 9.(2026 全国一卷) Many young people multitask, handling messages while finishing their school assignments. 10.(2026 全国一卷) Such unexpected events may overturn our former understanding of local social changes. 11.(2026 全国一卷) Modern tools outpace manual work and greatly raise production efficiency in factories. 12.(2026 全国二卷) Never outdo yourself in pursuit of prizes, or you may suffer from huge mental pressure. 13.(2026 全国二卷) Poor sleep will undercut our energy and weaken our performance in daily study and work. 14.(2026 全国二卷) The system will redirect waste resources and put them into new practical production. 15.(2026 全国二卷) Such terrible conditions may overheat the machine and bring about unexpected equipment failures. 考点4 其他构词法 知识点1 截断法 截短法（Clipping）是构词法中通过截取原词的一部分（前缀、后缀或中间部分）形成新词的方法，新词通常保留原词的核心含义，且更简洁、口语化。 构成方式 例词 截去词尾 advertisement—ad广告 examination—exam测试 laboratory---lab实验室 gymnasium—gym健身房application—app应用程序 截去词头 telephone—phone电话earthquake—quake地震 minibus---bus公共汽车 aeroplane---plane飞机 截去词头和词尾 influenza—flu 流感refrigerator—fridge冰箱 mathematics—maths数学 知识点1 截断法知识点2 混合法 混合法就是取两个词各一部分拼接新词，多为名词，公式：词 A (前部)+ 词 B (后部)。 构成方式 例词 词首+词尾 brunch=breakfast + lunch 早午餐 smog=smoke + fog烟雾 motel=motor + hotel 汽车旅馆 词首+词首 sci-fi =science + fiction科幻小说/电影 modem =modulator +demodulator调制解调器 lidar =light +dar 激光雷达 词首+整词 medicare =medical +care医疗保险 Eurasia =`Europe + Asia欧亚大陆 blog =blend + log博客 整词 + 词尾 newscast = news + broadcast新闻广播 netizen = net + citizen网民 workaholic = work + alcoholic工作狂 知识点3 缩略法 缩略法就是两个以上单词取首字母，缩略为一个新的单词，多用作名词。 构成方式 例词 字母大写，读单个字母 UN=United Nations 联合国 DIY =Do It Yourself己动手做 VIP =Very Important Person贵宾 CEO=Chief Executive Officer首席执行官 GPS=Global Positioning System全球定位系统 WTO= World Tread Organization世界贸易组织 BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司 读作一个词 NATO= North Atlantic Treaty Organization北大西洋公约组织 TOEFL=Test of English as a Foreign Language 托福 laser= lightwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation激光 UNESCO =the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizatio联合国教科文组织 【即时训练】根据构词法和语境猜测划线词的来源和词义。 1. The hotel’s brunch buffet offers a wide range of dishes, from eggs Benedict to pastries. 2. The delivery company uses GPS to monitor the real-time movement of its trucks across the country. 3. Getting a flu vaccine every year can effectively reduce the risk of infection. 4. As a VIP member, you’ll receive exclusive discounts and early access to new products. 5. I prefer giving DIY presents, like hand-painted mugs or homemade candles. 6. This handy app helps students organize their daily study plans well. 7. We store fresh fruit and vegetables inside our home fridge every day. 8. Travellers by car choose this cheap motel near the main highway road. 9. NASA carries out many spaceexploration projects for human progress. 10. The GDP data reflects the overall economic condition of one whole country. 优题精练·专题实战通关 高考真题分类精炼（词类转换） 考点01 考查动词转化为名词16例 1.（2026年全国二卷）Angela, a tai chi __________ (instruct) with twenty-eight years of experience, says that a successful hour of tai chi is an hour with no negative thoughts. 2.（2026北京卷）When the cashier rang everything up, my dad reached for his wallet and froze. He had forgotten to take it. I remember the 12 (embarrass) on his face. 3. （2026浙江1月卷）She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes watching the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, 60 (excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! 4.（2025全国一卷）“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your 59 (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 5.（2025浙江 1月卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing. 6.（2025八省联考卷）As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 65 (innovate), and its inclusiveness. 7. (2024新课标II卷） The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 8.（2024全国甲卷）They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68 ( complete ) of their journey. 9.（2024浙江1月卷）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the __________ (criticize) that they lead to waste. 10. (2023新课标II卷）Since June 2017, right before the __________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 11.（2023全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty __________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 12.（2022全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect). 13.（2022浙江 1月卷）When the answer, was no, she, declined the ___________(invite). 14.（2021新课标II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 15.（2021全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educate about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _____________(develop) of the local areas. 16.（2021浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ (marry)ceremony in 1842. 考点02 考查形容词转化为名词 17.（2026年全国一卷）The exact dates and __________ (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. 18.（2025全国二卷）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 63 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air. 19.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England. 20. （2024新课标II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 62 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. 21.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a __________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 考点03 考查动词转化为形容词 22.（2026年全国二卷）The movements have __________ (describe) names like “holding the bowl” and “grabbing the bird’s tail.” 23.（2024新课标I卷）In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants. 24.（2022浙江卷）Blind people recognize shapes with their ____________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of sighted people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. 25.（2022浙江卷）Blind people recognize shapes with their existing senses, in a way similar to that of ____________ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist. 26.（2022新课标I卷）Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____________ (astonish). 27.（2021新课标II卷）I was so ____________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half. 考点04 考查名词转化为形容词 28. (2025全国一卷）Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ___________ (strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 29. (2025全国二卷）Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, where bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ___________ (center) heating doesn’t exist. 30. (2025北京卷）Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s ____________ (peace), especially around sunset. 31. (2025全国一卷）Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ___________ (strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 32. (2025全国二卷）Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, where bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ___________ (center) heating doesn’t exist. 33. (2024新课标I卷）The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful. 34.（2023新课标I卷）Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 35.（2023新课标II卷）Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 37 (confidence) speaking English. 36.（2023全国甲卷） 67 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 37（2023全国乙卷）The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 38.（2023浙江1月卷）The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by (space) homes and walled gardens. 39.（2022新课标II卷）On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ____________ (sleep) while watching TV. 40.（2022全国甲卷）Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ____________ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. 41.（2021新课标II卷）I told him how ____________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 42.（2021全国甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____________ (day) routines. 43.（2021全国乙卷）·Provide ____________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. 44.（2020新课标卷）In the 18th and 19th centuries, ____________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. 45.（2020北京卷）Oliver says if you're____________ (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them if you can join in when it's possible. 考点05 考查形容词转化为副词 46.（2026年全国二卷）For the first 15 minutes of my tai chi (太极) class, we remain __________ (entire) in one spot to warm up. 47.（2026年浙江1月卷）Life is full of so many __________ (seeming) uneventful moments, but we can turn any of them into a celebration. 48.（2025全国一卷）Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 65 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 49. （2025天津3月卷）Much evidence suggests that the sea floors are ________moving, and continually being created and destroyed. A. instantly B. occasionally C. constantly D. temporarily 50.（2024九省联考卷）Today, a writer (simple) throws an empty pen away and gets a new one. 51.（2023浙江1月卷）The term “hutong”, (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 52.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ____________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 53.（2022新课标II卷）When he looked down, he ____________ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. 54.（2021新课标I卷）The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 55.（2021北京卷）Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____________ (safe) wait for the police to take her home. 56.（2021浙江1月卷）But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ____________ (sharp). 57.（2020全国III卷）As the small boat moved ____________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 58.（2023新课标II卷）So, what are they learning? 43 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. 59.（2023新课标I卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 60.（2021天津卷）As working from home becomes ____________(increasing) common, people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career. 名校模拟分类精炼（构词法） 1．（25-26高一上·福建三明·阶段检测）Every man is born equal, regardless of color, race, or (nation). 2．（25-26高一上·甘肃武威·开学考试）He hopes to make a (contribute) to medical research in the future. 3．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Usually a child’s behavior is a (reflect) of his family background. 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）They will ask you to sign a (declare) allowing our doctor to disclose your medical details. 5．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The strategy was designed to wear down the enemy’s (resist). 6．（2026高三·北京·专题练习）The new policy aims to (courage) small and medium-sized enterprises to invest more in green energy projects. 7．（25-26高一上·山东青岛·阶段检测）It is suggested that you should practice more on daily basis to _________ (sharp) your badminton skills. 8．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）If bitten by a (poison) snake or insect, you are supposed to squeeze the poison out as soon as possible. 9．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）His idea was not (convince). At last I convinced him to change his mind to accept my idea. 10．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）And the next step is to remove the last (remain) invading species with dogs without harming the native animals. 11．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）He was born into a poor family, and only received a (limit) education in his childhood. 12．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）You may well need to look outside your preferred area to find _________ (afford) accommodation. 13．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The woman was staring (eager) at the girl, trying to make a conversation. 14．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）She looked at her parents (anxious) as if asking for forgiveness. 15．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Even worse, some would rather break the law to satisfy their financial desire or seek their fortune (legal) . 16．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） (current), car insurance is not optional in the annual inspection; all the vehicles are required to register insurance. 17．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） (evident), many days are routine and uninteresting for them, especially in winter. 18．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）It is said that he (narrow) escaped being killed in the traffic accident the other day. 19．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Our monitor is enthusiastic about creating a (harmony) campus and he often launches some campaigns to promote it. 20．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）To achieve this (ambition) goal, Chinese scientists must conduct extensive research before launching the rockets. 原创语法分类精炼（转化法） 1. She booked a table at the riverside restaurant for dinner. 2. They mapped out a plan to finish the project ahead of time. 3. He phoned his teammate to confirm the meeting time. 4. She emailed the application form to the company’s HR department. 5. The student penciled notes in the margin of his textbook. 6. The cook knifed the meat into small cubes for the stew. 7. He forked some salad onto his plate and started eating. 8. She fingered the delicate fabric of the dress carefully. 9. He shouldered the heavy backpack and set off for the hike. 10. All the team members backed her choice to change the strategy. 11. We headed for the train station as soon as we packed our bags. 12. They footed the final stretch of the road when the bus didn’t arrive. 13. The manager eyed the latecomer with a questioning expression. 14. He mouthed “good luck” to his sister before her performance. 15. She handed the gift to her friend with a warm smile. 16. The guards were armed with riot shields to maintain order. 17. We have to face the fact that the task is more difficult than expected. 18. Many residents voiced their concerns about the new construction. 19. She lipped a silent greeting to her neighbor across the street. 20. She brushed her hair gently before attending the meeting. 21. He combed through the report to find the hidden mistake. 22. They nailed the wooden board to the frame to fix it firmly. 23. She taped the broken page of the book to keep it intact. 24. He pocketed the receipt and left the supermarket quickly. 25. He penned a thank-you note to his mentor after receiving valuable help. 26. She hammered the loose nail into the wooden shelf to make it stable. 27. They roped the camping gear tightly to the roof of the car before the trip. 28. He spooned some honey into his tea to sweeten it a little. 29. The rescuers laddered up the cliff to reach the injured hiker. 30. He chained his bike to the street rail before entering the café. 31. The nurse bandaged the patient’s cut finger to stop the bleeding. 32. She masked her anxiety with a calm expression during the interview. 33. The fishermen netted a basket of fresh shrimp by the riverbank. 34. He hooked his backpack onto the chair to keep it from falling. 35. She stuck a photo of her family on the office desk. 36. They bottled the homemade jam and gave it to friends as gifts. 37. My mom canned the fresh tomatoes from the garden for winter. 38. She shelled the peanuts and put them into a bowl for guests. 39. He padded the box with bubble wrap to protect the fragile item. 40. The cat nosed out the mouse hiding behind the cabinet. $