专题30 介词和介词短语（知识清单）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦介词和介词短语专题，涵盖分类功能、时间、方位、方式、原因、“除了”介词、高频介词及易混短语八大考点，通过知识脑图梳理核心脉络，搭建系统知识体系。 清单采用考点分层突破设计，每个考点含分类解析与用法示例，如时间介词区分at/on/in的具体场景，高频介词against归纳“反对、倚靠”等七大用法，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。配套即时训练、高考真题及名校模拟题，标注易混短语对比（如in front of/in the front of），助力学生精准突破重难点，教师可据此优化复习策略，提升备考效率。

专题30 介词和介词短语（知识清单） 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 介词分类和功能 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第3页，共13页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 知识点1 介词分类 知识点2 介词(短语)句法功能 考点二 时间介词 知识点1 时间介词分类 知识点2 时间介词用法 考点三 方位介词 知识点1 方位介词分类 知识点2 方位介词用法 考点四 方式介词 知识点1 方式介词分类 知识点2 方式介词用法 考点五 原因介词 知识点1 原因介词分类 知识点2 原因介词用法 考点六 “除了”介词 知识点1 “除了”介词分类 知识点2 “除了”介词用法 考点七 高频介词 知识点1介词against用法 知识点2介词by用法 知识点3 介词with用法 知识点4 介词for用法 知识点5低频介词用法 考点八 易混介词短语 知识点1 易混介词短语基础版 知识点2 易混介词短语进阶版 知识点3 易混介词短语拓展版 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 高考真题（形容词副词） 名校模拟（形容词副词）原创语填（王虹邓煜获菲尔兹奖） 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点1介词分类和功能 知识点1介词分类 知识点2介词(短语)句法功能 句子成分 示例 作定语 The book on the desk belongs to my deskmate.桌上的那本书是我同桌的。 作表语 All our hopes are in this final chance.我们所有希望都寄托在这次最终机会上。 作状语 We will hold the meeting in the school hall.我们将在学校礼堂召开这场会议。（地点状语） Before sunrise they set off for the mountain top.日出之前他们动身前往山顶。（时间状语） She solved the problem with great patience.她以极大耐心解决了这个难题。（方式状语） 作宾语补足语 We found the key under the wooden chair.我们在木椅下方找到了那把钥匙。 作主语补足语 The little boy was seen behind the tall tree.有人看见小男孩在那棵大树后面。 作宾语 He walked out from behind the old wall.他从旧墙体的后面走了出来。（介词之后，少见） 考点2 时间介词 知识点1时间介词分类 知识点2时间介词用法 1.表示时间的介词at, on, in ①at表示在某一时刻或时间点。如：at 8 a.m.。at dawn, at dusk, at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the moment, at Christmas, at New Year等。 ②on指具体的或特定的日子。如：on Monday, on Christmas Eve, on May Day, on a warm morning, on September 12th, on that day等。 ③in表示在某段时间内，年、月、日、周、季节、上午、下午等。如in the morning/afternoon/evening, in October, in 2008, in the 21st century, in summer, in the past, in the future, in five days等。 2.表示时间的for, since与from ①for后接时间段的名词词组，表示行为状态持续了多久。如： Mr. Brown lived in that little village for nearly thirty years. 布朗先生在那个小山村住了差不多30年。 ②since后接过去某一时间点，表示“自从……以来”，常与现在完成时、现在完成进行时连用。如： We have been friends since we entered high school. 入学以来我们一直是好朋友。 ③from“自……起”，可与多种时态连用。如： They are working from dawn to dusk to meet the deadline. 他们正从早到晚工作以赶在截止日期前完成。 The concert lasted from seven to nine last night. 昨晚音乐会七点开始九点结束。 3.表示时间的in与after ①in+时间段，一般用于将来时。 We will meet again in three working days.我们将在三个工作日后再次碰面。 ②after+时间段，一般用于过去时。 He came back home after two weeks.两周过后，他回到了自己家中。 注意：after+时间点，可用于过去时和将来时。 We will start our trip after eight o’clock. 八点之后我们将开启本次旅途。 She called me after she got off the bus. 她下车之后立刻给我打了电话。 4.表示时间的before, by, till/until, beyond ①before的用法：before “早于；在……之前”。 The new road will be completed before the end of the year. 这条新道路将在年底以前建成。 ②by的用法：表示“不迟于……”；表示“在……时间内”。 All of you are to arrive at school by seven o'clock.你们所有人必须在7点钟前到校。 He worked by night and slept by day.他晚上工作，白天睡觉。 ③until和 till 的用法：在肯定句中和延续性动词连用，表示动作一直持续到until后面的时间；在否定句中和非延续性动词连用，表示该动作直到 until 后面的时间才开始。till与until 相同。 We stayed indoors until the heavy rain stopped.我们待在室内直到那场大雨停歇。 ④beyond的用法：beyond表示“晚于，迟于”。 The shop closes beyond half past nine each day. 这家店每日九点半过后就打烊。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Hurry up, Nancy! The meeting will start ten minutes. 1. in 【解析】句意：快点，南希！会议将在10分钟后开始。根据The meeting will start ... ten minutes.可知，此处是in+一段时间表示“在……以后”，常用于一般将来时。 2.（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The Communist Party of China (CPC) was founded July 1, 1921. 2. on 【解析】句意：中国共产党成立于1921年7月1日。表示在具体某一天，用介词on。 3.（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）Her rule remained stable the year of 1768, when something began to threaten her people and her position — an ancient disease named smallpox. 3. until 【解析】句意：她的统治一直稳定到1768年，彼时一种名为天花的古老疾病开始威胁她的子民与地位。空后为表示时间的名词短语，结合句意，此处表示“直到……为止”使用介词until，符合语境逻辑。 4.（2026高三·全国·专题练习） Friday night, photos and videos showed bikes filling up a multi-lane road between the two cities, with cars squeezed to the sides and the crowd stretching for miles. 4. On 【解析】句意：周五晚上， 照片和视频显示，两座城市之间的一条多车道公路上挤满了自行车，汽车被挤到路边，人群绵延数英里。在具体某一天的晚上，需用介词on， 句首单词首字母需大写。 5.（25-26高三·广东·学业考试复习）The meeting will be held 3:00 p.m. Friday, and all department managers are required to attend. 5. at, on 【解析】考查介词。句意：会议将于周五下午 3 点举行，所有部门经理都必须参加。英语中具体时刻前用介词at，具体某一天前用介词on。故填at；on。 考点3 方位介词 知识点1方位介词分类 知识点2方位介词用法 1.表示方位的介词in, on, to, off 四个词都可表示两地之间的方位关系。in表示在某范围之内；to 表示在某范围之外；on 表示“毗邻”“接壤”；off 则强调两地间隔着一小段距离。如： Guangdong is in the south of China. 广东省在中国的南部。 North Korea lies on the east of China. 朝鲜与中国的东部接壤。 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东方。 There are some small islands off the southeast coast of China. 在中国东南沿海附近有一些小岛。 2.表示地点的介词at, in, on at表示在相对较小的地方;可用于门牌号码前；in表示在相对较大的地方，表示在某物的里面；on表示在物体表面。 My uncle lives at 105 Green Street. 我叔叔住在格林大街 105 号。 He arrived in Beijing on Wednesday. 他星期三到达了北京。 The cup is on the table. 杯子在桌子上。 3.表示穿越的介词through, across与over through指从内部穿过；across则指表面横穿；over指从上方过去、跨越。 She hurried safely across the busy main street. 她安全快步横穿繁忙的主干道。 The little cat jumped lightly over the wooden fence. 小猫轻盈跳过那道木制栅栏。 They were suddenly plunged into darkness as the train went through a tunnel. 火车穿过隧道,他们顿时陷入黑暗之中。 4.表示在……之间的介词between 和among ①between一般表示两者之间；有时虽然是三个以上的人或事物，但如果强调两两相互间的关系，仍用between。 You are to sit between your father and me. 你就坐在我和你父亲之间吧。 ②among多表示“在……之间(指三者或三者以上,或笼统的一群人或一些物之间)”。 I found the letter among his papers. 我在他的文件中找到了这封信。 The girl quickly disappeared among the crowd. 那个女孩很快就消失在人群之中。 Agreements were made between the different countries. 不同国家之间达成了协议。 5.表示上下的介词above, below, over, under, on, beneath above在某物的斜上方；below在某物的斜下方；over在某物的正上方；under在某物的正下方；on在某物的上面(两者接触)；beneath 在某物的下面(两者接触) We were flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。 Please do not write below this line. 请不要写到这条线下面。 She put a blanket over the sleeping child. 她给熟睡的孩子盖上毯子。 The dog squeezed under the gate and ran into the road. 小狗从大门底下挤过去，跑到了马路上。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（25-26高三·北京·一轮复习） On April 19, 2025, in Beijing, 20 humanoid robots set off the starting line, kicking off the world’s first humanoid robot half marathon. 1.from 【解析】句意：2025年4月19日，在北京，20台人形机器人从起跑线出发，开启全球首场人形机器人半程马拉松赛事。根据“the starting line”可知，此处指从起跑线出发，表示“从”用介词from。 2．（25-26高三·北京·一轮复习） the opposite side of the Huangpu River, stand a few Shanghai landmarks like Shanghai Tower. 2.On 【解析】考查介词。句意：在黄浦江的另一边，矗立着上海的一些地标性建筑，如上海中心大厦。on the opposite side of... 是固定短语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填On。 3．（25-26高三·江苏·三轮复习）The helicopter flew the city, and we could see clouds the mountains. 3. over, above 【解析】考查方位介词。句意：直升机飞过城市上空，我们看到山上的云朵。over表示“垂直正上方（城市上空）”；above表示“非垂直上方（山上的云）”。故填①over②above。 4．（24-25高三上·福建泉州·开学考试）I think Mrs Stark could be anywhere 50 and 60 years of age. 4.between 【解析】考查介词。句意：我觉得斯塔克夫人的年龄应该在50到60岁之间。between...and...是固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”，因此空格处是between。故填between。 5．（24-25高三·天津·三轮复习）The new railway winds its way to Jieyang, over mountains, tunnels and rivers. 5.through, across 【解析】考查介词。句意：这条新铁路越过群山，穿过隧道，跨过河流，蜿蜒到揭阳。介词through表示从物体内部通过，介词across表示从物体表面横过。第一空填through，表示“从隧道里面穿过”；第二空填across，表示“横穿河面”。故填①through ②across。 考点四 方式介词 知识点1 方式介词分类 知识点2 方式介词用法 1.by涉及交通工具名词且该名词前不加冠词和任何修饰语。by还表示"靠……手段,凭借……",后可接名词或动词-ing。by sea, by water, by land, by air, by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship We went to the airport by taxi yesterday. 昨天我们坐出租车去了机场。 You can make the cake by mixing eggs and flour. 把鸡蛋与面粉混合，你就可以做出那种蛋糕。 2.with表示"用,使用(某种工具、物品或材料等)"。所接名词前应加冠词或形容词性物主代词。 He sharpened his pencil with a knife. 他用小刀削铅笔。 We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。 3.in表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等。 He wrote his name in black ink on the paper. 他用黑墨水在纸上写下了自己的名字。 The girl answered the question in a soft voice. 女孩用轻柔的声音回答了这个问题。 We can solve the problem in this useful way. 我们可以用这种实用方法解决这个问题。 4.on表示"通过,使用,借助于”媒体工具。 We watch interesting programs on TV every weekend. 我们每周末在电视上看有趣的节目。 She shares daily life on WeChat with her classmates. 她在微信上和同学分享日常生活。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）We can improve our communication skills communicating with others actively in daily life. 1.by 【解析】句意：我们可以通过在日常生活中积极与人交流提高沟通技巧。此处表示“通过……方式”，应用介词by。 2．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Bulk goods are usually transported ship and train in international trade. 2.by 【解析】句意：在国际贸易中，大宗商品通常通过船舶和火车运输。表示“乘坐/通过某种交通工具”时，常用固定搭配by + 交通工具。 3.（26-27高一上·全国·课后作业）Every time I get into trouble and turn to him, he will do everything his power to help me out. 3.within 【解析】句意：每次我遇到麻烦并向他求助时，他都会尽他所能来帮助我。表示“在……范围内”用within，within one’s power为固定搭配，意为“尽某人所能”。 4．（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）Additionally, some valuable books were also taken away violence. 4.by 【解析】考查介词。句意：此外，一些有价值的书籍也被以暴力手段带走了。“by + 名词”表示“通过……方式”，此处指“通过暴力手段”，应用介词by。故填by。 5．（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）The artist displayed the splendid waterfall a unique manner. 5.in 【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家以一种独特的方式展示了壮丽的瀑布。根据句意及空后“a unique manner”可知，句中应用in a...manner“以一种……的方式”，为固定搭配。故填in。 6．（23-24高一上·吉林长春·期中）I am sure that your great efforts, you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here. 6.with 【解析】考查介词。句意：我相信，在你们的巨大努力下，你们将在这里享受丰富多彩、富有成果的生活。根据空后的your great efforts可知，空处应用介词，with常和effort搭配，表示“凭借”。故填with。 7．（23-24高一上·全国·课后作业）The house which I grew up in has been taken down(拆除)and replaced________ an office building. 7.with/by 【解析】考查介词。句意：我小时候住的房子已经拆掉了，取而代之的是一栋办公楼。be replaced with和be replaced by都表示“被替换为……”，此处指的是被一栋办公楼取代。故填with 或者by。 8．（22-23高一上·全国·单元测试）He decorated his room pictures of all his favourite sports stars. 8.with 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他用所有他喜欢的体育明星的照片装饰他的房间。分析句子可知，设空处位于两个名词之间，结合句意可知，此处表示“用……来装饰房间”，decorate with为固定搭配，表示“用……装饰”。故填with。 9．（23-24高一上·重庆·期末）Quora is a popular means which information and knowledge are exchanged. 9.by 【解析】考查介词。句意：Quora是一种流行的交流信息和知识的方式。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词which指代前文的先行词means，指物；先行词means应与介词by构成固定搭配by the means of，在从句中作方式状语，故填by。 10．（21-22高一下·吉林长春·期中）We must find a job as soon as possible, for our money is running out an alarming rate. 10.at 【解析】考查介词。句意：我们必须尽快找到一份工作，因为我们的钱正以惊人的速度快花光了。设空处应填介词at，介词短语at an alarming rate，意为“以惊人的速度”，在句中作状语。故填at。 考点五 原因介词 知识点1 原因介词分类 知识点2 原因介词分类用法 介词 用法 例句 for 常与闻名、奖罚等意义的单词连用 Xi'an is famous for its long history.西安因历史悠久著名。 at 常与喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词 He was surprised at the news.听到这个消息他很惊讶。 with 常与喜、怒、哀、乐等抽象名词连用 He shouted loudly with anger. 他气得大喊大叫。 from 常接抽象名词,表示自然或间接原因 She felt sick from tiredness.她累得浑身不对劲。 of 表示自身的原因;用于与情感形容词后 Her friend died of cancer.她的朋友死于癌症。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（26-27高一上·全国·随堂练习）He was awarded a prize his outstanding performance in the research project. 1.for 【解析】句意：他因为在这个研究项目中表现出色而获奖。空后内容说明获奖的原因，介词for可以表示‌“因为、由于”。 2．（25-26高一下·全国·课后作业） lack of confidence and afraid of being laughed at, he hesitated to run to the starting line. 2.For 【解析】句意：由于缺乏信心并且害怕被人嘲笑，他犹豫着没有跑到起跑线那里。for lack of是固定搭配，表示“因为没有……”，首字母大写。 3．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）Don’t criticise others their faults if you are not willing to admit your own. 3.for 【解析】考查介词。句意：如果你不愿意承认自己的错误，就不要因为别人的错误而批评他们。“criticise sb. for sth.”是固定搭配，表示“因某事而批评某人”，满足句意要求。故填for。 4．（25-26高三·北京·二轮复习） no collar to guide him, he had to go door-to-door until he found me. 4.With 【解析】考查介词。句意：由于没有项圈来给他指引方向，他不得不挨家挨户地寻找，直到找到我。本空后面接“no collar to guide him”这一名词短语，表示原因，用介词with，句首单词，首字母大写。With no collar to guide him为with的复合结构。故填With。 5．（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业） (give) the present circumstances, you’ve done really well. 5.Given 【解析】考查介词。句意：在目前的情况下，你已经做得很好了。根据句意和空格后的名词短语the present circumstances可知，空格处应该用介词given“考虑到；鉴于”，构成介词短语作原因状语；句首单词首字母大写。故填Given。 6．（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）Thanks the help of Project Hope, he was able to continue his education. 6.to 【解析】考查介词。句意：多亏了希望工程的帮助，他才能继续他的教育。固定短语thanks to表示“多亏，由于”，后接名词、代词或动名词，故填to。 7．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）Some school morning exercises have grown popular online due their local and special designs. 7.to 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：一些学校的早操因其地方性和特殊设计而在网上流行起来。due to是固定短语，意为“由于”，表示原因。故填to。 8．（23-24高一上·全国·课后作业）The restaurant’s success was due largely its new manager. 8.to 【解析】考查介词。句意：这家餐馆的成功在很大程度上要归功于它的新经理。根据句意，设空处考查短语due to，意为“由于，归功于”，设空处为介词to。故填to。 9．（22-23高一·全国·课后作业） (owe) to a lack of funds, the project will not continue next year. 9.Owing 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：由于缺乏资金，这项工程明年将不能继续进行。根据句意和所给动词owe以及空格后的介词to可知，此处是考查固定搭配owing to（由于）。故填Owing。 10．（22-23高二上·全国·课后作业） (give) your extensive experience in the field, we are glad to appoint you as our agent. 10.Given 【解析】考查介词。句意：鉴于你们在这一业务范围的丰富经验，我们很高兴指定你们为我们的代理。分析可知，“________ (give) your extensive experience in the field”为句子的状语，“介词+名词短语”可作状语，因此所填空应是介词。“give”，动词，意为“给与”，“given”既为其过去分词，也可单独作介词使用，意为“考虑到；如果，倘若”，“given+名词短语”，意为“考虑到”或“鉴于”，在句中作状语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Given。 考点六 “除了”介词 知识点1 “除了”介词分类 知识点2 “除了”介词分类 介词 用法 例句 besides “除了……还有”，与in addition to同义。 Two others were on duty besides Helen. 除海伦外还有两个人值班。 but 短语do nothing but do; have no choice but to do。 All but one student passed the exam. 除了一个学生，所有人都通过了考试。 except 从整体中除去一部分,排除部分与前面为同类。 Everyone was late except me. 除了我，所有人都迟到了。 except for 指从整体中除去一个细节。 The room is empty except for a chair. 房间里空荡荡的，只有一把椅子。 other than 相当于except, 但常用于否定句。 You can't get there other than by bus. 除了坐公交，你没办法到那里。 except that 后接从句，表示“除了……” He is reliable except that he is lazy.他为人靠谱只是懒散。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） for a few minor mistakes, your essay is excellent. 1.Except 【解析】考查介词。句意：除了几处小错误之外，你的文章写得很出色。except for为固定搭配，意为“除了……之外”，空处需填except，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Except。 2．（24-25高三下·全国·课后作业）When he reached the North Pole, he found nothing exciting except a sign marking the spot. 2.for 【解析】考查介词。句意：当他到达北极时，除了一个标记该地点的标志外，他没有发现任何令人兴奋的东西。固定短语except for，表示“除……以外”。故填for。 3．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The form cannot be signed by anyone other yourself. 3.than 【解析】考查介词固定搭配。句意：这份表格除了你本人外，不能由其他任何人签署。other than是固定短语，意为“除了……之外”，后常接名词、代词或动名词，用于表示除了某个特定的人或事物之外，没有其他的人或事物符合某种条件或要求，符合语境。故填than。 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）In addition an album, I gave him a pen and a pencil. 4.to 【解析】考查介词搭配。句意：除了一本相册，我还给了他一支钢笔和一支铅笔。此处为固定搭配in addition to意为“除……之外”符合句意，所以此处需用介词to。故填to。 5．（25-26高一下·全国·课后作业）Will there be anyone else we know at the party John and Lily? 5.besides 【解析】考查介词。句意：除了约翰和莉莉，我们还会认识其他人参加聚会吗？根据句意可知，空格处应填入表示“除了”的介词besides，表示除去已提到的人之外还包括其他人。故填besides。 考点七 高频介词 知识点1 介词against用法 1.表示反对（反义词for） Are you for or against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢? There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. 有20票赞成他，12票反对他。 2. 表示违背，违抗 What you have done is against the law. 所做的事情是违法的。 Jane married Jack against her own will. 简与杰克结婚，违背了自己的意愿。 3. 表示靠着；倚着 Place the ladder against the wall. 把梯子靠在墙上。 The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。 He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。 4. 表示迎着；逆着 You should fly your kite against the wind. 你应该迎着风放风筝。 We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind表示“顺风”) 我们的船正在逆风行驶。 5. 表示撞击，碰着 The rain was beating against the windows. 雨点拍打着窗户。 Tom hit his head against a tree in the dark.黑暗中汤姆的头撞在一棵树上。 6. 表示映衬；相映 The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。 The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods. 那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。 7. 表示不利于   an evidence against him 一个对他不利的证据 知识点2介词by用法 1.表示时间：by +将来时间 ：表示“到……末尾为止，在……之前”，主句时态通常用将来完成时。by+过去时间：表示“在……期间，到……时候为止”，主句时态通常用过去完成时。 We will have finished the task by the end of this month. 我们将在本月底完成这项任务。 By the time the movie started, I had already finished my homework. 电影开始的时候，我已经做完作业了。 2.表示通过方式或手段：by+交通工具：表示出行方式，如by car乘车、by bike骑自行车等。by doing sth：表示做某事的方式或手段。 He went to work by bus. 他乘公共汽车去上班。 We can learn English by listening to songs. 我们可以通过听歌学英语。 3.表示方位：by意为“靠近，在……旁边”或“沿着”。 She stood by the window.她站在窗户旁边。 We walked by the lake. 我们沿着湖边走。 4.表示被动：用于引导动作执行者，表示被动。 He was knocked down by a bus.他被公共汽车撞倒了。 I was frightened by the noise.我被那响声吓坏了。 5.表示原因：by表示原因，含有“因为，由于”之意。by mistake 由于疏忽，无意中；by chance/accident碰巧地、偶然地。 I took your umbrella by mistake. 我误拿了你的雨伞。 They met by chance.他们不期而遇。 6.表示程度、数量：by与动词increase, reduce, surpass, go by等连用，表示程度、数量增减。 The bullet missed him by two inches.子弹只差两英寸就击中他了。 House prices went up by 10%.房价上涨了10%。 7.表示时间或量度单位：by +the +hour/metere/yard/表示“按……计算”。 They're paid by the hour.他们的报酬是按小时计算的。 We only sell it by the metre.我们只按米出售。 8.表示乘除运算 6 multiplied by 2 equals 12.6乘以2等于12。 6 divided by 2 equals 3.6除以2等于3。 9.表示肢体接触：“by+身体部位名词或衣服名词”表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分。 Suddenly she caught him by the ear. 突然间她抓住了他的耳朵。 The policeman took the thief by the hand. 警察抓住了小偷的手。 10.用于固定搭配：by means of用……方法，by hand 手工地，by heart 熟记，牢记，by oneself 独自地，单独地；day by day 一天天地，little by little 渐渐；逐渐地。 He supported himself by means of a nearby post. 他倚在旁边的子上。 The fabric was painted by hand. 这个织品是手染的。 His English is improving little by little. 他的英语正在逐步提高。 知识点3介词with用法 1. 表示伴随：with用来描述伴随的人或物。 I went to the party with my friend.我和我的朋友一起去参加了派对。 2. 表示工具或手段：with用来描述进行某项活动时所使用的工具或手段。 He cut the bread with a knife. 他用刀切面包。 3.表示特征或状态：with用来描述某物的特征、外观或状态。 A house with a red roof.一个带有红色屋顶的房子。 4. 表示因果关系：with用来表示某种情况的原因或条件。 He was trembling with fear.他因害怕而颤抖。 5. 表示人际关系：with用来描述事物之间的关系或相互作用。 She has a good relationship with her boss.她与她的老板关系很好。 6. 表示方法或方式：with用来描述进行某事的方法。 She solved the problem with ease.她轻松地解决了这个问题。 7. 表示支持或反对：with用来表示同意或反对某事。 Are you with me on this decision? 你支持我的这个决定吗？ 8.表示时间：with用来描述时间相关的情况。 With winter coming, the days are getting shorter.随着冬天的到来，白天变得越来越短。 9.表示妥协或对比：with用来描述在不同条件下的对比或妥协。 With all her faults, I still like her.尽管她有很多缺点，我还是喜欢她。 10. with复合结构：with用于复合宾语结构，在句中作定语或状语。 With tears rolling down her cheeks, the girl stared at the broken vase. 泪水顺着脸颊滑落，女孩盯着破碎的花瓶。 With his favorite toy broken, little Tom buried his face in the pillow. 心爱的玩具坏了，小汤姆把脸埋进枕头里。 知识点4介词for用法 1.表示原因：因为；由于 Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。 For several reasons, I’d rather not meet her. 由于种种原因，我宁愿不见她。 2.表示目的地或方向：前往 They’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。 Is this the train for Shanghai? 这是开往上海的火车吗？ 3. 表示支持；赞成（反义词against） Are you for or against the plan？你是支持还是反对这个计划？ 4. 表示就…而言；相对…来说（表示相对来说不寻常） He’s done well for a beginner. 作为新手，他干得很好。 5. 表示至于；关于 It would be excellent experience for him to travel a little.对他来说，偶尔出去旅游会是很不错的经历。 6.表示时间、距离、数量：持续，达 For a few minutes she sat on her bed watching the clock..她坐在床上盯着时钟看了几分钟。 7.表示目的或功能：为了；用于 They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 8.表示不定式逻辑主语：某人做某事 It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己过马路很危险。 9.用于一些短语中：for good永远地, for short 简称, for the first time 第一次, for the sake of…为了…, word for word 逐字逐句地, for fear that +从句，唯恐, for example例如, except for…除了, leave for…动身去, prepare for准备stand for代表 知识点5 低频介词 1.unlike表示“不像；与…… 不同”，置于句首，引出对比对象；放在句中，紧跟系动词。 Unlike most teenagers, he prefers reading to short videos. 和大多数青少年不同，比起短视频他更喜欢阅读。 Her personality is totally unlike her elder sister’s. 她的性格和姐姐完全不一样。 2.despite表示“尽管，不管，虽然”， 后面只能接名词、代词、动名词，相当于in spite of。 Despite the fact that he failed many times, he never gave up. 尽管他多次失败，却从未放弃。 Despite feeling tired, she insisted on finishing her homework. 尽管感到疲惫，她仍坚持写完作业。 3.under表示“正在…… 之中”，用于固定搭配中。 Under no circumstances should you give up easily. 你绝不应该轻易放弃。 His injured leg is under treatment in the ward. 他受伤的腿部正在病房接受治疗。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习） most ancient Chinese sites that follow one tradition, this temple brings together Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. 1.Unlike 【解析】句意：与遵循单一传统的中国大多数古遗址不同，这座寺庙融合了佛教、道教和儒家思想。此处表示“与……不同”，应用介词unlike，位于句首，首字母需大写。 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业） so many difficulties in front of her, she didn’t lose heart. 2.Despite 【解析】句意：尽管前面有这么多困难，但她没有气馁。由句意可知设空处表示“尽管”，其后是名词短语应用介词despite，句首单词首字母大写。 3．（25-26高三·北京·一轮复习） the doubts and concerns over the country’s ability to maintain its economic growth momentum (势头), a major one is whether China’s economy has peaked or not due to a decrease in labor supply. 3.Among 【解析】句意：在对该国能否保持经济增长势头的诸多质疑和担忧中，一个主要的质疑是：受劳动力供给减少影响，中国经济是否已经见顶。表示“在众多……之中”，用介词Among。位于句首首字母大写。 4．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）Recently, more people have been booking lion dances their birthday parties and weddings. 4.for 【解析】句意：最近，越来越多的人为他们的生日派对和婚礼预订舞狮表演。结合句意，此处表示目的，所以此处使用介词for可表示“为了、用于”，符合语境搭配。 5．（26-27高一上·全国·课后作业）This year, an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. 5.with 【解析】句意：今年，我怀着开放的心态和全新的知识，走进了又一场小组面试，同时告诉自己我就是那为很酷的学长。我成功获得了一个领导职位。with an open mind“怀着开放的心态”是常用搭配。 6．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）Books and movies are two different forms of media and therefore have different rules. this in mind, perhaps we should judge a movie in its own right. 6.With 【解析】考查介词。句意：书籍和电影是两种不同的媒介形式，因此它们有不同的规则。牢记这一点，或许我们应该根据电影本身的价值来评判它。分析句子可知，此处需要填一个介词，此处短语结构为介词+宾语+宾补，再结合语意，可知应该用介词with，放在句首，首字母需要大写。故填With。 7．（22-23高一下·福建厦门·期中） the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away. 7.With 【解析】考查介词。句意：随着现代社会的发展和新思想的传播，一些传统可能会逐渐消失。分析句子可知，句中指“随着”现代社会的发展和新思想的传播，故空格处应用介词“with”，意为“随着”，句首单词首字母大写。故填With。 8．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The old man makes a living selling vegetables in the market every morning. 8.by 【解析】句意：这位老人靠每天早上在市场卖菜谋生。表示“通过做某事谋生”，用介词by+doing，表示方式、手段。 9．（23-24高一上·重庆·期末）Quora is a popular means which information and knowledge are exchanged. 9.by 【解析】考查介词。句意：Quora是一种流行的交流信息和知识的方式。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词which指代前文的先行词means，指物；先行词means应与介词by构成固定搭配by the means of，在从句中作方式状语，故填by。 10．（24-25高三·全国·一轮复习）I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ______________ (recognise). 10.recognition 【解析】考查名词。句意：自从Sara还是个小女孩的时候我就没见过她了，她变得认不出来了。根据空前beyond可知，空处需用名词作介词beyond的宾语；recognise的名词形式是recognition，beyond recognition是固定短语，意为“认不出来”。故填recognition。 考点八 易混介词短语 知识点1 易混介词短语基础版 1. in front of, in the front of in front of在…… 外部的前面（范围外）；in the front of在…… 内部的前面（范围内）。 A little girl is standing in front of the door. 一个小女孩正站在门前面。 The driver sits in the front of the car. 司机坐在汽车的前部。 2. in charge of, in the charge of in charge of表示“负责，主管”，in the charge of表示“由……负责”。 She is in charge of the marketing department. 她负责市场部。 The marketing department is in the charge of her. 市场部由她负责。 3. in possession of, in the possession of in possession of表示“拥有”, in the possession of表示“被……拥有”。 The company is in possession of the latest technology. 这家公司掌握着最新的技术。 The latest technology is in the possession of the company. 最新的技术由这家公司掌握。 4.in the end, at the end of, by the end of in the end 意为"最后，终于"，相当于at last、finally；at the end of必须后接介词，表示"在……末尾"，可以指时间或地点；by the end of，表示"到……末为止"，句子一般要用完成时态。 In the end, they had to move out of the flat. 最后，他们不得不搬出了该公寓。 There is a coffee shop at the end of the street. 街道的尽头有间咖啡馆。 By the end of last month, we had finished the project. 到上个月月底为止，我们已完成了这项工程。 知识点2 易混介词短语进阶版 1.of one's own, on one's own of one's own 属于某人自己的；on one's own 独自地,独立地。 We built a library of our own. 我们建了一个自己的图书馆。 She prefers to do the work on her own. 她更希望独自做这项工作。 2.with ease, at ease with ease表示“轻易地、毫不费力地”，相当于easily，作方式状语。at ease表示“安逸自在的，心神放松”，多用于be/feel at ease，形容人的心理状态。 He solved the tough math problem with ease. 他轻松解出了这道棘手的数学题。 His gentle words made me feel at ease right away. 他温和的话语立刻让我放松下来。 3.except for, except that, except what, except when except for用于排除整体中的局部例外，前后通常是不同类的事物（整体 + 局部差异）; except that 后接从句，从句多完整句子；except what后接从句，what 引导的从句作宾语；except when后接时间状语从句，强调“除了…… 的时间之外”。 Her essay is perfect except for a few spelling mistakes. 她的文章很完美，除了几个拼写错误。 The trip was great except that the hotel was too noisy at night. 这次旅行很棒，除了酒店晚上太吵。 He told me everything except what really happened that day. 他把一切都告诉我了，除了那天实际发生的事情。 The library is open daily except when it’s a public holiday. 图书馆每天开放，除非是公共假期。 知识点3 易混介词短语拓展版 1.at+名词 10 / 30 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 at war 交战 at ease 自在 at midnight在午夜 at dawn在黎明 at sunset在日落时分 at Christmas at present目前 at length详细地 2.in+名词 in action 在运转 in progress 在进行 in operation 在运行中 in use 开始使用 in sight 看得见 in store 贮藏着 in trouble 处于困境中 in danger 处于危险中 in need 处于需要中 in order 有序 in public 在公共场合 in private 在私人场合 in detail 详细地 in general 总体来说 in person 亲自 in total 总共 in short 简言之 in turn 依次 in advance 提前 in addition 此外 in case 以防万一 3.on+名词 on foot 步行 on purpose 故意 on sale 打折出售 on fire 着火 on display 展出 on average 平均来说 on guard 在值勤 on strike 在罢工 4.under+名词 under control 在被控制之中 under discussion 在被讨论中 under observation 在被观察中 under test 在被测试  under construction 在被建设中 underconsideration 在被考虑中         under repair 在被修理中 under arrest 被被逮捕中               under attack 在被袭击中 under pressure 处于压力下 5.beyond+名词 30 / 30 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 beyond belief 难以置信 beyond control 无法控制 beyond compare 无可比拟 beyond description 难以形容 beyond expression 无法表达 beyond suspicion 无可怀疑 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. A blackboard hangs in _________ front of our bright classroom. 2. The project is in _________ charge of an experienced senior engineer. 3. The rare coin is in _________ possession of a private collector. 4. We kept trying hard and succeeded _________ the end eventually. 5. We will hold a small party _________ the end of this busy month. 6. The little boy can finish his homework _________ his own now. 7. He can solve all difficult math problems _________ ease. 8. Sitting by the lake, she felt completely _________ ease and relaxed. 9. The room looks tidy except _________ a few scattered books. 10. I never argue with him except _________ he loses his temper suddenly. 【答案】 1. the 2. the 3. the 4. in 5. at 6. on 7. with 8. at 9. for 10. when 优题精练·专题实战通关 高考真题分类精炼（形容词副词比较等级） 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（2026年全国一卷）Before heading home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly __________ (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. 1.cheaper 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：在回家之前，他们会把从当地农民那里买来的新鲜水果和蔬菜塞满购物袋，价格比超市里的便宜得多。提示词作后置定语修饰prices，且设空处后有“than”，应用比较级cheaper。 2.（2025北京卷）When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly __________ (long). 2. longer 【解析】考查比较级。句意：也许今天早上你还在纠结是起床还是多睡一会儿。此处表示“多睡一会儿”，应用比较级longer，表示“更久”。故填longer。 3.（2023浙江1月卷）Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and __________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. 3. simpler 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。 4.（2022北京卷）That’s a big problem and it is getting even _________ (bad). The use of those plastics has increased by 300% since 2019. 4. worse 【解析】考查比较级。句意：这是个大问题，而且越来越严重。even“甚至”常置于比较级前，所以此处用worse，故填worse。 5.（2021新课标I卷）The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____________ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? 5. hotter 【解析】考查形容词。句意：温泉的奇妙之处在于，气温越低，泉水就越热！很奇怪，不是吗？此处相当于“the more..., the more...”结构，意为“越……越……”。前面用的是the colder，所以此处用the hotter。 6.（2021全国甲卷）After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ____________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history! 6. better 【解析】句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。 7.（2021浙江1月卷）This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including ____________ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 7.lower 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人们面临一些不利条件，包括收入和教育水平较低、健康食品成本较高，以及体育设施较少。此处and连接三个并列结构，形式应保持一致；由higher与fewer可知，此处应填low的比较级lower。 8.（2020北京卷）They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____________(smart) than the Neanderthals. 8. smarter 【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意：但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为were设空处应用形容词，设空处后的than表示比较，应用比较级。故答案为smarter。 9.（2022全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the 69 (large) United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 9. largest 【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。 10.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ____________ (high) mountain. 10. highest 【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。 11.（2022全国乙卷）As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ____________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 11.largest 【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。 12.（2020全国III卷）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ____________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. 12. finest 【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。 13. (2018•全国I)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life __________walking, cycling or swimming. 13.than 【解析】考查形容词比较级。本句是逆向考查，给出了比较级，后边考查比较级的连接词用法，故答案是than。 14.(2018•全国II) He screams the __________ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. 14.loudest 【解析】考查形容词最高级级。句意：他的吼叫声最大。就在这只雄性捶着胸膛朝我猛冲过来时，那声响震得树木都在摇晃。of all暗示用最高级。故填loudest。 15.(2017•全国I) As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even __________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 15.worse 【解析】考查形容词比较级。even worse是固定搭配，表示“更糟糕的是”。故答案是worse。 16. (2016•北京) To make it ________(easy) to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. 16.easier 【解析】考查形容词比较级。结合语境应用比较级，注意easy比较级的规则变法。故答案是easier。 名校模拟分类精炼（形容词和副词） 1．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The best hours for sightseeing are the early morning and late afternoon when the temperatures are lower and colors are (clear). 1.clearer 【解析】句意：观光的最佳时段是清晨和傍晚，此时气温更低，景物色彩也更清晰明艳。根据句意可知，前文对比早晚与其他时段气温更低，色彩也更鲜明，用形容词比较级clearer和lower并列呼应。 2．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Before heading home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. 2.cheaper 【解析】句意：在回家之前，他们会从当地农民那里买些新鲜的水果和蔬菜装满购物袋，价格比超市里的要便宜得多。根据空后“than those found in supermarkets”可知，此处含有比较含义，应用形容词cheap的比较级cheaper，作prices的后置定语。 3．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）The (fast) the news gets around, the (many) people will know the truth. 3. faster, more 【解析】句意：消息传播得越快，知道真相的人就会越多。根据“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构可知，此处应用比较级；fast的比较级为faster，many的比较级为more。 4．（24-25高一上·海南·期末）There are a lot of signs showing men are (likely) to have heart attacks than women. 4.more likely 【解析】句意：有许多迹象表明，男性比女性更容易患心脏病。此处由than可知，此处需用比较级，likely为多音节形容词，其比较级为more likely，构成be more likely to do sth.结构，意为“更可能做某事”。 5．（25-26高二下·北京·期中）However, perhaps we are (close) to the rest of the world than we think. 5.closer 【解析】句意：然而，也许我们比自己想象的更接近世界其他地方。根据空后“than we think”可知，此处使用形容词比较级closer，表示“更接近”。 6．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Mount Qomolangma is the world’s (high) mountain. 6.highest 【解析】句意：珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。此处指珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山，high的最高级形式是highest。 7．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）This is one of the (touching) stories I have ever read in my life. 7.most touching 【解析】句意：这是我一生中读过的最感人的故事之一。“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”是固定结构，意为“最……之一”，句中“I have ever read”明确了比较范围，需使用最高级，touching的最高级形式为most touching。 8．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）Cloth-based heavy color painting, a vivid art form with rich textured works, is far more than a craft for Tibetan painter Sonam Pema, but a way to express her innermost feelings and help more people understand Tibetan women, much like the Galsang flowers of the snowy plateau, who possess determined liveliness and the purest and (kind) hearts. 8.kindest 【解析】句意：以布料为载体的浓重色彩绘画，是一种充满活力且富有丰富纹理的作品形式，对于藏族画家索朗白玛而言，它远不止是一种技艺，更是一种表达内心情感的方式，同时也能帮助更多的人了解藏族女性。就像雪域高原上的格桑花一样，它们有着坚定的活力和最纯净、最善良的心灵。and连接并列形容词最高级，与the purest对应，需用kind的最高级 kindest，共同修饰hearts。 9．（25-26高二下·广东惠州·期中）His painting helped him gain a reputation as one of the __________ (influence) painters of his generation. 9. most influential 【解析】句意：他的画作帮助他赢得了声誉，成为他那个时代最具影响力的画家之一。形容词influential，表示“有影响力的” ，在句中作定语修饰painters。one of后接形容词最高级。 10．（25-26高一下·江苏·阶段检测）Winter is coming, and we are experiencing the (sharp) drop in temperature this year. 10.sharpest 【解析】考查最高级。句意：冬天即将来临，而我们正经历着今年最急剧的降温。根据“Winter is coming”可知，此处是指今年最急剧的降温，应用形容词最高级sharpest表示“最急剧的”作定语。故填sharpest。 11．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The (hard) you work, the more progress you will make in your daily study. 11.harder 【解析】句意：你越努力，日常学习中取得的进步就越大。此处为the+比较级，the+比较级结构。 12．（25-26高三·北京·二轮复习）According to a recent study, runners live three years (long) than non-runners. 12.longer 【解析】句意：根据一项近期研究，跑步者比不跑步的人平均多活三年。根据后文than可知，此处应用副词long的比较级longer。 13．（25-26高三·北京·二轮复习）The first or last phrase spoken is memorised (good) than the conversation as a whole. 13.better 【解析】句意：人们对谈话中最先说出或最后说出的语句，记忆效果要比对整段对话更好。根据than可知，结合给出的形容词good“好的”，可知此处应用副词well的比较级better，表示“更好地”。 14．（25-26高三下·河北衡水·阶段检测）My visit to the orphanage made me realize that no matter how tough my life seemed,many children there were far (badly) off than I had ever been. 14.worse 【解析】考查副词比较级。句意：我对孤儿院的访问让我意识到，无论我的生活看起来多么艰难，那里的许多孩子的生活比我曾经经历过的要艰难得多。根据空后than可知，此处应用副词badly的比较级worse“更差，更糟糕”。故填worse。 15．（25-26高三·北京·二轮复习）Last but not (little), in an interview you should start with a firm handshake with the interviewer. 15.least 【解析】考查最高级。句意：最后但同样重要的是，在面试中，你应该从与面试官有力的握手开始。last but not least是固定短语，译为“最后但同样重要的”用副词最高级least。故填least。 重点语法填空原创（介词和介词短语） 王虹、邓煜两位中国数学家首获菲尔兹奖 Two Chinese Mathematicians Make History at the 2026 Fields Medal Ceremony The 2026 International Congress of Mathematicians opened in Philadelphia recently, bringing exciting news to China's mathematics community. Two Chinese scholars 1 (honor) with the Fields Medal, widely viewed as the top award in mathematics. The International Mathematical Union presents the prize every four years and restricts candidates 2 those under 40. The two medal winners both studied at Peking University for their undergraduate degrees, yet they built totally different research systems. One commtted 3 (he) to exploring mathematical rules linking micro and macro physical movements, 4 the other focused on long-term efforts to solve a world-famous geometric puzzle. Their joint efforts have pushed forward progress in both pure and applied maths. Leading international mathematicians spoke 5 (high) of their achievements. They pointed out that the two laureates' success offered powerful 6 (evident) that China's basic matheducation has achieved remarkable advances. For decades, overseas researchers 7 (occupy) adominant position in this award 8 the two Chinese experts broke this long-standing pattern this year. Many young students across the country are greatly inspired by their stories. Teachers encourage teenagers to value persistent research rather than short-term talent. Countless young learners are determined to make new breakthroughs in basic sciences. Researchers hold the belief that their work will be 9 (influence) enough to change global mathematical development. More young Chinese scientists are expected to step onto world-class academic platforms in the coming years, and their success will motivate more teens 10 (devote) to fundamental science. 【答案】1. were honored 2. to 3. himself 4. while 5. highly 6. evidence 7. have occupied 8. until 9. influential 10. to be devoted 【导读】7月23日，2026年国际数学家大会在美国费城揭晓菲尔兹奖名单，我国数学家王虹、邓煜双双获奖，实现中国籍数学家在这项“数学界诺贝尔奖”上零的突破。王虹攻克百年三维挂谷猜想，邓煜在希尔伯特第六问题上取得关键进展。这份沉甸甸的荣誉，印证了我国基础数学研究的长足进步，也激励广大中学生潜心钻研数理知识，树立科研理想，脚踏实地奔赴科学理想。 【解析】 1.考查动词时态语态。句意：2026年国际数学家大会近期于费城开幕，为中国数学界传来振奋人心的喜讯。两位中国学者荣获菲尔兹奖 —— 该奖项被公认为数学界最高荣誉。结合语境这里描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时；同时又是被动行为。故填were honored。 2.考查介词。句意：国际数学联盟每四年颁发一次此奖，且限定获奖者年龄不得超过40周岁。结合语境这里考查restrict...to...表示“把……限制到”。故填to。 3.考查代词。句意：一人潜心钻研关联微观与宏观物理运动的数学规律，另一人则长期深耕，致力于攻克一道世界级几何难题。结合语境这里考查commit oneself to doing...短语表示“致力于做某事”。故填himself。 4.考查连词。句意：同上。结合语境这里考查while位于句中表示前后对比，意为“然而”。故填while。 5.考查副词。句意：国际顶尖数学家对他们的成果给予高度评价，并表示两位获奖者的成功有力证明了中国基础数学教育已取得长足进步。结合语境这里考查speak highly of...表示“高度评价”。故填highly。 6.考查名词。句意：同上。结合语境这里应用名词eveidence表示“证明，证据”，后面that引导同位语从句。故填evidence。 7.考查动词时态。句意：数十年来，海外学者长期垄断该奖项，而今年这两位中国专家打破了这一延续已久的格局。结合语境For decades暗示与现在完成时连用。故填have occupied。 8.考查连词。句意：同上。结合语境海外学者长期垄断该奖项一直到这两位中国专家打破了这一格局。故填until。 9.考查形容词。句意：科研工作者坚信，他们的研究成果将产生足以影响全球数学发展走向的深远作用。结合语境这里应用形容词influential作表语，表示“有影响力的”。故填influential。 10.考查非谓语。句意：未来数年，预计会有更多中国青年科学家登上世界级学术舞台，他们的成功也将激励更多青少年投身基础科学研究。结合语境motivate sb to do sth表示“激励某人做某事”；同时devote oneself to=be devoted to表示“致力于”。故填to be devoted。 $专题30 介词和介词短语（知识清单） 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 介词分类和功能 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第2页，共13页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 知识点1 介词分类 知识点2 介词(短语)句法功能 考点二 时间介词 知识点1 时间介词分类 知识点2 时间介词用法 考点三 方位介词 知识点1 方位介词分类 知识点2 方位介词用法 考点四 方式介词 知识点1 方式介词分类 知识点2 方式介词用法 考点五 原因介词 知识点1 原因介词分类 知识点2 原因介词用法 考点六 “除了”介词 知识点1 “除了”介词分类 知识点2 “除了”介词用法 考点七 高频介词 知识点1介词against用法 知识点2介词by用法 知识点3 介词with用法 知识点4 介词for用法 知识点5低频介词用法 考点八 易混介词短语 知识点1 易混介词短语基础版 知识点2 易混介词短语进阶版 知识点3 易混介词短语拓展版 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 高考真题（形容词副词） 名校模拟（形容词副词）原创语填（王虹邓煜获菲尔兹奖） 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点1介词分类和功能 知识点1介词分类 知识点2介词(短语)句法功能 句子成分 示例 作定语 The book on the desk belongs to my deskmate.桌上的那本书是我同桌的。 作表语 All our hopes are in this final chance.我们所有希望都寄托在这次最终机会上。 作状语 We will hold the meeting in the school hall.我们将在学校礼堂召开这场会议。（地点状语） Before sunrise they set off for the mountain top.日出之前他们动身前往山顶。（时间状语） She solved the problem with great patience.她以极大耐心解决了这个难题。（方式状语） 作宾语补足语 We found the key under the wooden chair.我们在木椅下方找到了那把钥匙。 作主语补足语 The little boy was seen behind the tall tree.有人看见小男孩在那棵大树后面。 作宾语 He walked out from behind the old wall.他从旧墙体的后面走了出来。（介词之后，少见） 考点2 时间介词 知识点1时间介词分类 知识点2时间介词用法 1.表示时间的介词at, on, in ①at表示在某一 或时间点。如：at 8 a.m.。at dawn, at dusk, at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the moment, at Christmas, at New Year等。 ②on指具体的或特定的日子。如：on Monday, on Christmas Eve, on May Day, on a warm morning, on September 12th, on that day等。 ③in表示在 时间内，年、月、日、周、季节、上午、下午等。如in the morning/afternoon/evening, in October, in 2008, in the 21st century, in summer, in the past, in the future, in five days等。 2.表示时间的for, since与from ①for后接 的名词词组，表示行为状态持续了多久。如： Mr. Brown lived in that little village for nearly thirty years. 布朗先生在那个小山村住了差不多30年。 ②since后接 ，表示“自从……以来”，常与现在完成时、现在完成进行时连用。如： We have been friends since we entered high school. 入学以来我们一直是好朋友。 ③from“ ”，可与 时态连用。如： They are working from dawn to dusk to meet the deadline. 他们正从早到晚工作以赶在截止日期前完成。 The concert lasted from seven to nine last night. 昨晚音乐会七点开始九点结束。 3.表示时间的in与after ①in+时间段，一般用于 。 We will meet again in three working days.我们将在三个工作日后再次碰面。 ②after+时间段，一般用于 。 He came back home after two weeks.两周过后，他回到了自己家中。 注意：after+ ，可用于过去时和将来时。 We will start our trip after eight o’clock. 八点之后我们将开启本次旅途。 She called me after she got off the bus. 她下车之后立刻给我打了电话。 4.表示时间的before, by, till/until, beyond ①before的用法：before “早于； ”。 The new road will be completed before the end of the year. 这条新道路将在年底以前建成。 ②by的用法：表示“ ……”；表示“在……时间内”。 All of you are to arrive at school by seven o'clock.你们所有人必须在7点钟前到校。 He worked by night and slept by day.他晚上工作，白天睡觉。 ③until和 till 的用法：在肯定句中和 连用，表示动作一直持续到until后面的时间；在否定句中和 连用，表示该动作直到 until 后面的时间才开始。till与until 相同。 We stayed indoors until the heavy rain stopped.我们待在室内直到那场大雨停歇。 ④beyond的用法：beyond表示“ ， ”。 The shop closes beyond half past nine each day. 这家店每日九点半过后就打烊。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Hurry up, Nancy! The meeting will start ten minutes. 2.（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The Communist Party of China (CPC) was founded July 1, 1921. 3.（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）Her rule remained stable the year of 1768, when something began to threaten her people and her position — an ancient disease named smallpox. 4.（2026高三·全国·专题练习） Friday night, photos and videos showed bikes filling up a multi-lane road between the two cities, with cars squeezed to the sides and the crowd stretching for miles. 5.（25-26高三·广东·学业考试复习）The meeting will be held 3:00 p.m. Friday, and all department managers are required to attend. 考点3 方位介词 知识点1方位介词分类 知识点2方位介词用法 1.表示方位的介词in, on, to, off 四个词都可表示两地之间的 关系。in表示在某范围之 ；to 表示在某范围之 ；on 表示“ ”“接壤”；off 则强调两地间隔着一小段 。 Guangdong is in the south of China. 广东省在中国的南部。 North Korea lies on the east of China. 朝鲜与中国的东部接壤。 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东方。 There are some small islands off the southeast coast of China. 在中国东南沿海附近有一些小岛。 2.表示地点的介词at, in, on at表示在相对 的地方;可用于 前；in表示在相对 的地方，表示在某物的 ；on表示在物体 。 My uncle lives at 105 Green Street. 我叔叔住在格林大街 105 号。 He arrived in Beijing on Wednesday. 他星期三到达了北京。 The cup is on the table. 杯子在桌子上。 3.表示穿越的介词through, across与over through指从 穿过；across则指 横穿；over指从 过去、跨越。 She hurried safely across the busy main street. 她安全快步横穿繁忙的主干道。 The little cat jumped lightly over the wooden fence. 小猫轻盈跳过那道木制栅栏。 They were suddenly plunged into darkness as the train went through a tunnel. 火车穿过隧道,他们顿时陷入黑暗之中。 4.表示在……之间的介词between 和among ①between一般表示 之间；有时虽然是三个以上的人或事物，但如果强调 相互间的关系，仍用between。 You are to sit between your father and me. 你就坐在我和你父亲之间吧。 ②among多表示“在……之间(指 或 以上,或笼统的一群人或一些物之间)”。 I found the letter among his papers. 我在他的文件中找到了这封信。 The girl quickly disappeared among the crowd. 那个女孩很快就消失在人群之中。 Agreements were made between the different countries. 不同国家之间达成了协议。 5.表示上下的介词above, below, over, under, on, beneath above在某物的 ；below在某物的 ；over在某物的 ；under在某物的 ；on在某物的 (两者接触)；beneath 在某物的 (两者接触) We were flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。 Please do not write below this line. 请不要写到这条线下面。 She put a blanket over the sleeping child. 她给熟睡的孩子盖上毯子。 The dog squeezed under the gate and ran into the road. 小狗从大门底下挤过去，跑到了马路上。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（25-26高三·北京·一轮复习） On April 19, 2025, in Beijing, 20 humanoid robots set off the starting line, kicking off the world’s first humanoid robot half marathon. 2．（25-26高三·北京·一轮复习） the opposite side of the Huangpu River, stand a few Shanghai landmarks like Shanghai Tower. 3．（25-26高三·江苏·三轮复习）The helicopter flew the city, and we could see clouds the mountains. 4．（24-25高三上·福建泉州·开学考试）I think Mrs Stark could be anywhere 50 and 60 years of age. 5．（24-25高三·天津·三轮复习）The new railway winds its way to Jieyang, over mountains, tunnels and rivers. 考点四 方式介词 知识点1 方式介词分类 知识点2 方式介词用法 1.by涉及 工具名词且该名词前不加冠词和任何修饰语。by还表示"靠……手段,凭借……",后可接名词或 。by sea, by water, by land, by air, by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship We went to the airport by taxi yesterday. 昨天我们坐出租车去了机场。 You can make the cake by mixing eggs and flour. 把鸡蛋与面粉混合，你就可以做出那种蛋糕。 2.with表示"用,使用( 、物品或材料等)"。所接名词前应加冠词或形容词性物主代词。 He sharpened his pencil with a knife. 他用小刀削铅笔。 We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。 3.in表示用 等。 He wrote his name in black ink on the paper. 他用黑墨水在纸上写下了自己的名字。 The girl answered the question in a soft voice. 女孩用轻柔的声音回答了这个问题。 We can solve the problem in this useful way. 我们可以用这种实用方法解决这个问题。 4.on表示"通过,使用,借助于” 工具。 We watch interesting programs on TV every weekend. 我们每周末在电视上看有趣的节目。 She shares daily life on WeChat with her classmates. 她在微信上和同学分享日常生活。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）We can improve our communication skills communicating with others actively in daily life. 2．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Bulk goods are usually transported ship and train in international trade. 3.（26-27高一上·全国·课后作业）Every time I get into trouble and turn to him, he will do everything his power to help me out. 4．（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）Additionally, some valuable books were also taken away violence. 5．（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）The artist displayed the splendid waterfall a unique manner. 6．（23-24高一上·吉林长春·期中）I am sure that your great efforts, you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here. 7．（23-24高一上·全国·课后作业）The house which I grew up in has been taken down(拆除)and replaced________ an office building. 8．（22-23高一上·全国·单元测试）He decorated his room pictures of all his favourite sports stars. 9．（23-24高一上·重庆·期末）Quora is a popular means which information and knowledge are exchanged. 10．（21-22高一下·吉林长春·期中）We must find a job as soon as possible, for our money is running out an alarming rate. 考点五 原因介词 知识点1 原因介词分类 知识点2 原因介词分类用法 介词 用法 例句 for 常与闻名、奖罚等意义的单词连用 Xi'an is famous for its long history.西安因历史悠久著名。 at 常与喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词 He was surprised at the news.听到这个消息他很惊讶。 with 常与喜、怒、哀、乐等抽象名词连用 He shouted loudly with anger. 他气得大喊大叫。 from 常接抽象名词,表示自然或间接原因 She felt sick from tiredness.她累得浑身不对劲。 of 表示自身的原因;用于与情感形容词后 Her friend died of cancer.她的朋友死于癌症。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（26-27高一上·全国·随堂练习）He was awarded a prize his outstanding performance in the research project. 2．（25-26高一下·全国·课后作业） lack of confidence and afraid of being laughed at, he hesitated to run to the starting line. 3．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）Don’t criticise others their faults if you are not willing to admit your own. 4．（25-26高三·北京·二轮复习） no collar to guide him, he had to go door-to-door until he found me. 5．（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业） (give) the present circumstances, you’ve done really well. 6．（25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）Thanks the help of Project Hope, he was able to continue his education. 7．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）Some school morning exercises have grown popular online due their local and special designs. 8．（23-24高一上·全国·课后作业）The restaurant’s success was due largely its new manager. 9．（22-23高一·全国·课后作业） (owe) to a lack of funds, the project will not continue next year. 10．（22-23高二上·全国·课后作业） (give) your extensive experience in the field, we are glad to appoint you as our agent. 考点六 “除了”介词 知识点1 “除了”介词分类 知识点2 “除了”介词分类 介词 用法 例句 besides “除了……还有”，与in addition to同义。 Two others were on duty besides Helen. 除海伦外还有两个人值班。 but 短语do nothing but do; have no choice but to do。 All but one student passed the exam. 除了一个学生，所有人都通过了考试。 except 从整体中除去一部分,排除部分与前面为同类。 Everyone was late except me. 除了我，所有人都迟到了。 except for 指从整体中除去一个细节。 The room is empty except for a chair. 房间里空荡荡的，只有一把椅子。 other than 相当于except, 但常用于否定句。 You can't get there other than by bus. 除了坐公交，你没办法到那里。 except that 后接从句，表示“除了……” He is reliable except that he is lazy.他为人靠谱只是懒散。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） for a few minor mistakes, your essay is excellent. 2．（24-25高三下·全国·课后作业）When he reached the North Pole, he found nothing exciting except a sign marking the spot. 3．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The form cannot be signed by anyone other yourself. 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）In addition an album, I gave him a pen and a pencil. 5．（25-26高一下·全国·课后作业）Will there be anyone else we know at the party John and Lily? 考点七 高频介词 知识点1 介词against用法 1.表示 （反义词for） Are you for or against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢? There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. 有20票赞成他，12票反对他。 2. 表示 What you have done is against the law. 所做的事情是违法的。 Jane married Jack against her own will. 简与杰克结婚，违背了自己的意愿。 3. 表示 Place the ladder against the wall. 把梯子靠在墙上。 The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。 He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。 4. 表示 You should fly your kite against the wind. 你应该迎着风放风筝。 We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind表示“顺风”) 我们的船正在逆风行驶。 5. 表示 The rain was beating against the windows. 雨点拍打着窗户。 Tom hit his head against a tree in the dark.黑暗中汤姆的头撞在一棵树上。 6. 表示 The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。 The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods. 那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。 7. 表示    an evidence against him 一个对他不利的证据 知识点2介词by用法 1.表示时间：by + 时间 ：表示“到……末尾为止，在……之前”，主句时态通常用 。by+过去时间：表示“在……期间，到……时候为止”，主句时态通常用 。 We will have finished the task by the end of this month. 我们将在本月底完成这项任务。 By the time the movie started, I had already finished my homework. 电影开始的时候，我已经做完作业了。 2.表示通过方式或手段：by+ ：表示出行方式，如by car乘车、by bike骑自行车等。by doing sth：表示做某事的方式或手段。 He went to work by bus. 他乘公共汽车去上班。 We can learn English by listening to songs. 我们可以通过听歌学英语。 3.表示 ：by意为“靠近，在……旁边”或“沿着”。 She stood by the window.她站在窗户旁边。 We walked by the lake. 我们沿着湖边走。 4.表示 ：用于引导动作执行者，表示被动。 He was knocked down by a bus.他被公共汽车撞倒了。 I was frightened by the noise.我被那响声吓坏了。 5.表示 ：by表示原因，含有“因为，由于”之意。by mistake 由于疏忽，无意中；by chance/accident碰巧地、偶然地。 I took your umbrella by mistake. 我误拿了你的雨伞。 They met by chance.他们不期而遇。 6.表示 、数量：by与动词increase, reduce, surpass, go by等连用，表示程度、数量增减。 The bullet missed him by two inches.子弹只差两英寸就击中他了。 House prices went up by 10%.房价上涨了10%。 7.表示 或量度单位：by + +hour/metere/yard/表示“按……计算”。 They're paid by the hour.他们的报酬是按小时计算的。 We only sell it by the metre.我们只按米出售。 8.表示 6 multiplied by 2 equals 12.6乘以2等于12。 6 divided by 2 equals 3.6除以2等于3。 9.表示 ：“by+身体部位名词或衣服名词”表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分。 Suddenly she caught him by the ear. 突然间她抓住了他的耳朵。 The policeman took the thief by the hand. 警察抓住了小偷的手。 10.用于固定搭配： 用……方法， 手工地， 熟记，牢记， 独自地，单独地； 一天天地， 渐渐；逐渐地。 He supported himself by means of a nearby post. 他倚在旁边的子上。 The fabric was painted by hand. 这个织品是手染的。 His English is improving little by little. 他的英语正在逐步提高。 知识点3介词with用法 1. 表示 ：with用来描述伴随的人或物。 I went to the party with my friend.我和我的朋友一起去参加了派对。 2. 表示 或手段：with用来描述进行某项活动时所使用的工具或手段。 He cut the bread with a knife. 他用刀切面包。 3.表示 或状态：with用来描述某物的特征、外观或状态。 A house with a red roof.一个带有红色屋顶的房子。 4. 表示 ：with用来表示某种情况的原因或条件。 He was trembling with fear.他因害怕而颤抖。 5. 表示 ：with用来描述事物之间的关系或相互作用。 She has a good relationship with her boss.她与她的老板关系很好。 6. 表示 或方式：with用来描述进行某事的方法。 She solved the problem with ease.她轻松地解决了这个问题。 7. 表示 或反对：with用来表示同意或反对某事。 Are you with me on this decision? 你支持我的这个决定吗？ 8.表示 ：with用来描述时间相关的情况。 With winter coming, the days are getting shorter.随着冬天的到来，白天变得越来越短。 9.表示妥协或 ：with用来描述在不同条件下的对比或妥协。 With all her faults, I still like her.尽管她有很多缺点，我还是喜欢她。 10. with ：with用于复合宾语结构，在句中作定语或状语。 With tears rolling down her cheeks, the girl stared at the broken vase. 泪水顺着脸颊滑落，女孩盯着破碎的花瓶。 With his favorite toy broken, little Tom buried his face in the pillow. 心爱的玩具坏了，小汤姆把脸埋进枕头里。 知识点4介词for用法 1.表示 ：因为；由于 Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。 For several reasons, I’d rather not meet her. 由于种种原因，我宁愿不见她。 2.表示目的地或 ：前往 They’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。 Is this the train for Shanghai? 这是开往上海的火车吗？ 3. 表示 ；赞成（反义词against） Are you for or against the plan？你是支持还是反对这个计划？ 4. 表示 ；相对…来说（表示相对来说不寻常） He’s done well for a beginner. 作为新手，他干得很好。 5. 表示 It would be excellent experience for him to travel a little.对他来说，偶尔出去旅游会是很不错的经历。 6.表示 ：持续，达 For a few minutes she sat on her bed watching the clock..她坐在床上盯着时钟看了几分钟。 7.表示 ：为了；用于 They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 8.表示 ：某人做某事 It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己过马路很危险。 9.用于一些短语中： 永远地, 简称, 第一次, …为了…, 逐字逐句地, +从句，唯恐, for example例如, …除了, …动身去, 准备 代表 知识点5 低频介词 1.unlike表示“ ； ”，置于句首，引出对比对象；放在句中，紧跟系动词。 Unlike most teenagers, he prefers reading to short videos. 和大多数青少年不同，比起短视频他更喜欢阅读。 Her personality is totally unlike her elder sister’s. 她的性格和姐姐完全不一样。 2.despite表示“ ，虽然”， 后面只能接名词、代词、动名词，相当于in spite of。 Despite the fact that he failed many times, he never gave up. 尽管他多次失败，却从未放弃。 Despite feeling tired, she insisted on finishing her homework. 尽管感到疲惫，她仍坚持写完作业。 3.under表示“ ”，用于固定搭配中。 Under no circumstances should you give up easily. 你绝不应该轻易放弃。 His injured leg is under treatment in the ward. 他受伤的腿部正在病房接受治疗。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习） most ancient Chinese sites that follow one tradition, this temple brings together Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业） so many difficulties in front of her, she didn’t lose heart. 3．（25-26高三·北京·一轮复习） the doubts and concerns over the country’s ability to maintain its economic growth momentum (势头), a major one is whether China’s economy has peaked or not due to a decrease in labor supply. 4．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）Recently, more people have been booking lion dances their birthday parties and weddings. 5．（26-27高一上·全国·课后作业）This year, an open mind and new knowledge in mind, I walked into another group interview while telling myself I was that cool senior. I managed to secure a leadership position. 6．（24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）Books and movies are two different forms of media and therefore have different rules. this in mind, perhaps we should judge a movie in its own right. 7．（22-23高一下·福建厦门·期中） the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away. 8．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The old man makes a living selling vegetables in the market every morning. 9．（23-24高一上·重庆·期末）Quora is a popular means which information and knowledge are exchanged. 10．（24-25高三·全国·一轮复习）I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ______________ (recognise). 考点八 易混介词短语 知识点1 易混介词短语基础版 1. in front of, in the front of in front of在…… 外部的前面（ ）；in the front of在…… 内部的前面（ ）。 A little girl is standing in front of the door. 一个小女孩正站在门前面。 The driver sits in the front of the car. 司机坐在汽车的前部。 2. in charge of, in the charge of in charge of表示“ ”，in the charge of表示“ ”。 She is in charge of the marketing department. 她负责市场部。 The marketing department is in the charge of her. 市场部由她负责。 3. in possession of, in the possession of in possession of表示“ ”, in the possession of表示“ ”。 The company is in possession of the latest technology. 这家公司掌握着最新的技术。 The latest technology is in the possession of the company. 最新的技术由这家公司掌握。 4.in the end, at the end of, by the end of in the end 意为" "，相当于at last、finally；at the end of必须后接介词，表示" "，可以指 ；by the end of，表示" "，句子一般要用 时态。 In the end, they had to move out of the flat. 最后，他们不得不搬出了该公寓。 There is a coffee shop at the end of the street. 街道的尽头有间咖啡馆。 By the end of last month, we had finished the project. 到上个月月底为止，我们已完成了这项工程。 知识点2 易混介词短语进阶版 1.of one's own, on one's own of one's own ；on one's own 。 We built a library of our own. 我们建了一个自己的图书馆。 She prefers to do the work on her own. 她更希望独自做这项工作。 2.with ease, at ease with ease表示“ ”，相当于easily，作 。at ease表示“ ”，多用于 ，形容人的心理状态。 He solved the tough math problem with ease. 他轻松解出了这道棘手的数学题。 His gentle words made me feel at ease right away. 他温和的话语立刻让我放松下来。 3.except for, except that, except what, except when except for用于排除整体中的局部例外，前后通常是 （整体 + 局部差异）; except that 后接 ，从句多完整句子；except what后接 ，what 引导的从句作 ；except when后接 状语从句，强调“除了…… 的时间之外”。 Her essay is perfect except for a few spelling mistakes. 她的文章很完美，除了几个拼写错误。 The trip was great except that the hotel was too noisy at night. 这次旅行很棒，除了酒店晚上太吵。 He told me everything except what really happened that day. 他把一切都告诉我了，除了那天实际发生的事情。 The library is open daily except when it’s a public holiday. 图书馆每天开放，除非是公共假期。 知识点3 易混介词短语拓展版 1.at+名词 6 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 at war 交战 at ease 自在 at midnight在午夜 at dawn在黎明 at sunset在日落时分 at Christmas at present目前 at length详细地 2.in+名词 in action 在运转 in progress 在进行 in operation 在运行中 in use 开始使用 in sight 看得见 in store 贮藏着 in trouble 处于困境中 in danger 处于危险中 in need 处于需要中 in order 有序 in public 在公共场合 in private 在私人场合 in detail 详细地 in general 总体来说 in person 亲自 in total 总共 in short 简言之 in turn 依次 in advance 提前 in addition 此外 in case 以防万一 3.on+名词 on foot 步行 on purpose 故意 on sale 打折出售 on fire 着火 on display 展出 on average 平均来说 on guard 在值勤 on strike 在罢工 4.under+名词 under control 在被控制之中 under discussion 在被讨论中 under observation 在被观察中 under test 在被测试  under construction 在被建设中 underconsideration 在被考虑中         under repair 在被修理中 under arrest 被被逮捕中               under attack 在被袭击中 under pressure 处于压力下 5.beyond+名词 19 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 beyond belief 难以置信 beyond control 无法控制 beyond compare 无可比拟 beyond description 难以形容 beyond expression 无法表达 beyond suspicion 无可怀疑 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. A blackboard hangs in _________ front of our bright classroom. 2. The project is in _________ charge of an experienced senior engineer. 3. The rare coin is in _________ possession of a private collector. 4. We kept trying hard and succeeded _________ the end eventually. 5. We will hold a small party _________ the end of this busy month. 6. The little boy can finish his homework _________ his own now. 7. He can solve all difficult math problems _________ ease. 8. Sitting by the lake, she felt completely _________ ease and relaxed. 9. The room looks tidy except _________ a few scattered books. 10. I never argue with him except _________ he loses his temper suddenly. 优题精练·专题实战通关 高考真题分类精炼（形容词副词比较等级） 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（2026年全国一卷）Before heading home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly __________ (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. 2.（2025北京卷）When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly __________ (long). 3.（2023浙江1月卷）Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and __________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. 4.（2022北京卷）That’s a big problem and it is getting even _________ (bad). The use of those plastics has increased by 300% since 2019. 5.（2021新课标I卷）The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____________ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? 6.（2021全国甲卷）After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ____________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history! 7.（2021浙江1月卷）This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including ____________ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 8.（2020北京卷）They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____________(smart) than the Neanderthals. 9.（2022全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the 69 (large) United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 10.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ____________ (high) mountain. 11.（2022全国乙卷）As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ____________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 12.（2020全国III卷）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ____________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. 13. (2018•全国I)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life __________walking, cycling or swimming. 14.(2018•全国II) He screams the __________ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. 15.(2017•全国I) As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even __________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 16. (2016•北京) To make it ________(easy) to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. 名校模拟分类精炼（形容词和副词） 1．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The best hours for sightseeing are the early morning and late afternoon when the temperatures are lower and colors are (clear). 2．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Before heading home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. 3．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）The (fast) the news gets around, the (many) people will know the truth. 4．（24-25高一上·海南·期末）There are a lot of signs showing men are (likely) to have heart attacks than women. 5．（25-26高二下·北京·期中）However, perhaps we are (close) to the rest of the world than we think. 6．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Mount Qomolangma is the world’s (high) mountain. 7．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）This is one of the (touching) stories I have ever read in my life. 8．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）Cloth-based heavy color painting, a vivid art form with rich textured works, is far more than a craft for Tibetan painter Sonam Pema, but a way to express her innermost feelings and help more people understand Tibetan women, much like the Galsang flowers of the snowy plateau, who possess determined liveliness and the purest and (kind) hearts. 9．（25-26高二下·广东惠州·期中）His painting helped him gain a reputation as one of the __________ (influence) painters of his generation. 10．（25-26高一下·江苏·阶段检测）Winter is coming, and we are experiencing the (sharp) drop in temperature this year. 11．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The (hard) you work, the more progress you will make in your daily study. 12．（25-26高三·北京·二轮复习）According to a recent study, runners live three years (long) than non-runners. 13．（25-26高三·北京·二轮复习）The first or last phrase spoken is memorised (good) than the conversation as a whole. 14．（25-26高三下·河北衡水·阶段检测）My visit to the orphanage made me realize that no matter how tough my life seemed,many children there were far (badly) off than I had ever been. 15．（25-26高三·北京·二轮复习）Last but not (little), in an interview you should start with a firm handshake with the interviewer. 重点语法填空原创（介词和介词短语） 王虹、邓煜两位中国数学家首获菲尔兹奖 Two Chinese Mathematicians Make History at the 2026 Fields Medal Ceremony The 2026 International Congress of Mathematicians opened in Philadelphia recently, bringing exciting news to China's mathematics community. Two Chinese scholars 1 (honor) with the Fields Medal, widely viewed as the top award in mathematics. The International Mathematical Union presents the prize every four years and restricts candidates 2 those under 40. The two medal winners both studied at Peking University for their undergraduate degrees, yet they built totally different research systems. One commtted 3 (he) to exploring mathematical rules linking micro and macro physical movements, 4 the other focused on long-term efforts to solve a world-famous geometric puzzle. Their joint efforts have pushed forward progress in both pure and applied maths. Leading international mathematicians spoke 5 (high) of their achievements. They pointed out that the two laureates' success offered powerful 6 (evident) that China's basic matheducation has achieved remarkable advances. For decades, overseas researchers 7 (occupy) adominant position in this award 8 the two Chinese experts broke this long-standing pattern this year. Many young students across the country are greatly inspired by their stories. Teachers encourage teenagers to value persistent research rather than short-term talent. Countless young learners are determined to make new breakthroughs in basic sciences. Researchers hold the belief that their work will be 9 (influence) enough to change global mathematical development. More young Chinese scientists are expected to step onto world-class academic platforms in the coming years, and their success will motivate more teens 10 (devote) to fundamental science. $