Unit 6 Survival（复习讲义）英语外研版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语复习讲义以“主题意义引领”构建Unit 6 Survival知识体系，通过表格系统梳理The Wild Within与Plan B: Life on Mars?的论证结构，用对比框架呈现核心词汇（如react/reaction、expose/exposure）的用法差异，借助功能分类表归纳话题表达，形成“语篇复盘-词汇语法-写作应用”的逻辑脉络，清晰标注语言迁移重点及从句辨析难点。 讲义亮点在于“问题导向式”练习设计与分层指导，如针对学情诊断中“写作缺行动与感悟”问题，设计“危机-行动-结果-感悟”写作结构链，结合即时小练（如用however引导让步状语从句完成句子）和微写作任务（80-100词生存故事），培养学生逻辑思维与语言表达能力。多样化题型（语境词汇、语法迁移、阅读完形）适配不同层次学生，助力教师实施精准教学，提升学生自主复习效率。

外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 6 Survival（复习讲义） 复习要点 1. 理解城市野生动物迁移与人类生存选择的主题意义。 2. 复盘 The Wild Within 与 Plan B: Life on Mars? 的论证结构。 3. 掌握8个核心词汇、话题表达和 -ever / no matter 让步状语从句。 4. 能用80-100词写一则结构完整的 survival story。 复习重难点 重点：在城市生态、危机应对和太空生存语境中准确迁移目标语言。 难点：区分让步状语从句与名词性从句；从事实信息推断作者态度；写作中形成“危机-行动-结果-感悟”链。 学情诊断 常见问题：只背孤立词义；混淆 react/reaction、expose/exposure；漏用 cope with；把 however 与 but 连用；把 no matter 从句误作名词性从句；写作只罗列困难，缺少关键行动和主题感悟。 一、单元语篇复盘：从“城市共存”走向“人类生存选择” 1. The Wild Within 语篇起点 城市中频繁出现野生动物，看似“入侵”，实则与城市扩张、气候变化和食物来源有关。 原因与适应 城市提供栖息空间、较少天敌和大量食物；部分动物改变活动时间、觅食方式和解决问题的能力。 风险证据 玻璃建筑、交通和人类垃圾会制造新危险；个别物种难以及时改变迁徙路线或行为。 主题意义 城市生存不是人与动物的零和竞争；理解原因、减少诱因、设计安全通道，才能共享城市栖息地。 【关键句抓手】However animals adapt to urban life, people need to understand the causes and reduce avoidable conflict. 【长难句抓手】however + 主语 + 谓语构成让步状语从句；主句用 need to 明确人类责任。 【课堂追问】Why does the writer describe cities as both opportunities and dangers for wildlife? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. Plan B: Life on Mars? 问题提出 环境风险可能威胁地球，人类一面降低风险，一面思考是否需要“Plan B”。 为何选择火星 火星相对接近地球、环境较不敌对，并已成为无人探测和载人任务规划的重点。 可能与挑战 探测数据、封闭生态实验和植物培育带来希望；辐射、食物、水、氧气和漫长航程仍是难题。 作者立场 移居火星仍很遥远；探索值得继续，但当下最现实的选择是更好地照顾唯一的地球家园。 【结构复盘】地球风险 → 火星吸引力 → 探索进展与生存挑战 → 回到保护地球的现实责任。 【迁移任务】用一句 -ever / no matter 让步状语从句表达“探索火星与保护地球并不矛盾”。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________知识点1：核心词汇精讲 react / reaction：从刺激到回应 【教材语境】人们如何 react to 城市野生动物，决定了冲突会升级还是得到控制。 1. react vi. 作出反应。react to 对……作出反应；react against 反对；react with 与……发生反应。 2. reaction n. 反应。常用：one's reaction to...；in reaction to...。 3. 易错提醒：react是不及物动词，表示“对……反应”必须接介词to。 【即时小练】The fox did not ______ aggressively; its calm ______ surprised the residents.（react） crucial：关键而不可缺少 【教材语境】理解动物进入城市的原因，对制定有效共存措施至关重要。 1. crucial adj. 至关重要的。be crucial to/for...；It is crucial that...。 2. crucially adv. 关键地；最重要的是。近义 important 语气通常弱于 crucial。 3. 迁移表达：Clear communication is crucial to keeping a team safe in a crisis. 【即时小练】The plan was ______ to reducing conflict; ______, residents kept the bins closed.（crucial） cope：在困难中有效应对 【教材语境】从城市生态冲突到火星生存，人类都需要学习如何 cope with 不确定性。 1. cope vi. 应付；处理。cope with + 压力/变化/危机；不可直接接宾语。 2. 辨析：cope with强调设法应对；deal with范围更广；solve强调找到问题答案。 3. 常用：cope with pressure / a shortage / an emergency。 【即时小练】Good preparation helps explorers cope ______ unexpected changes. flourish：在合适条件下繁荣生长 【教材语境】城市中食物充足、天敌较少，一些“newcomers”因而 flourish。 1. flourish vi. 繁荣；茁壮成长；也可指思想、艺术等蓬勃发展。 2. flourishing adj. 繁荣的；发展良好的。注意 flourish 通常不用被动语态。 3. 迁移表达：Wildlife may flourish when safe habitats and food are available. 【即时小练】The riverbank became a ______ habitat where insects and birds could ______.（flourish） estimate：基于证据作出估计 【教材语境】说明文用 estimate 呈现规模或概率，读者还需关注依据和不确定性。 1. estimate v. 估计；估算。estimate sth at...；It is estimated that...。 2. estimate n. 估计；估价。make/give an estimate；a rough estimate。 3. 辨析：estimate强调根据已有信息判断，不等于精确统计或随意猜测。 【即时小练】Experts ______ the journey would take eight months, but the first ______ later changed.（estimate） expose / exposure：暴露与风险 【教材语境】火星旅行者可能 be exposed to 辐射；城市鸟类也会暴露于玻璃建筑风险。 1. expose vt. 使暴露；揭露。expose sb/sth to...；be exposed to...。 2. exposure n. 暴露；接触。exposure to cold/radiation；exposed adj. 无遮蔽的。 3. 易错提醒：be exposed to 中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词。 【即时小练】Without a spacesuit, astronauts would be ______ to radiation; long-term ______ is dangerous.（expose） wipe out：彻底消灭或毁掉 【教材语境】地球风险可能 wipe out 物种或生存条件，因此必须预防而非事后补救。 1. wipe out 彻底消灭；摧毁。可用于物种、群体、成果，也可表示使人筋疲力尽。 2. eliminate强调清除问题或因素；wipe out语气更强，突出完全毁灭。 3. 常用被动：be wiped out by disease / fire / habitat loss。 【即时小练】The storm nearly ______ the nesting site, but prompt action prevented the population from being ______.（wipe） consist of / consistent：组成与一致 【教材语境】封闭生态系统 consist of 相互依赖的部分，管理规则还必须与生存目标一致。 1. consist of 由……组成，不用于被动；consist in 在于；consist with 与……一致。 2. consistent adj. 一致的；持续的。be consistent with；consistency n. 一致性。 3. 辨析：consist of强调构成；be composed of / be made up of可用被动形式。 【即时小练】The emergency kit ______ three basic parts; its contents should be ______ with the guide.（consist） 知识点2：话题表达与语篇迁移 话题词汇与表达迁移 表达功能 核心表达 迁移句型 城市迁移 move into urban areas; natural habitat; take over Urban expansion may push animals towards places already occupied by people. 适应与繁衍 adapt to; fit in with; flourish; change living habits Species flourish when food, shelter and safe routes are available. 风险与共处 be exposed to; crash into; under construction; share habitats Safer design reduces conflict and helps humans share space with wildlife. 危机应对 react to; cope with; bring...under control; in the meantime In a crisis, react calmly and bring the immediate danger under control. 太空生存 unmanned spacecraft; orbit; resources; closed system A settlement must provide oxygen, water and food with limited outside support. 责任与选择 wipe out; renewable energy; take care of; make efforts However attractive Mars seems, we must take better care of Earth. 【运用原则】用“情境-原因-行动-结果-责任”组织词汇，让语言服务于判断与解决问题。 【迁移训练】围绕“Survival depends on adaptation and responsibility”写3句话：描述挑战、提出行动、升华主题。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 知识点3：-ever / no matter 让步状语从句与单元写作 让步状语从句：观察-比较-归纳-运用 【观察】Wherever animals go, they may meet human-built barriers. No matter how difficult a crisis is, calm decisions matter. 比较维度 -ever 引导让步状语从句 no matter 引导让步状语从句 基本意义 whatever / whoever / wherever / whenever = 无论…… no matter + what / who / where / when = 无论…… 方式程度 however + 形容词/副词 no matter how + 形容词/副词 位置与标点 可置于主句前或后；前置时通常用逗号隔开 位置规则相同，语气常更明确 功能边界 whatever/whoever 还可引导名词性从句 no matter 结构只引导让步状语从句，不能作主语或宾语 形式选择流程 ① 判断是否表达“无论……” → ② 确定疑问词所指的人/事/地点/时间/程度 → ③ 选择 -ever 或 no matter + 疑问词。 whatever/whichever/whoever；wherever/whenever；however + 形容词或副词。 等义转换：whatever = no matter what；wherever = no matter where；however = no matter how。 功能：whatever/whoever可引导名词性从句；no matter结构不能作主语或宾语。 即时训练 1. ______ the fox finds food, it may return.（where） 2. No matter ______ carefully you plan, emergencies can happen.（how） 3. ______ difficulties arise, the team stays together.（what） 4. 改写：Wherever you live, you should protect local habitats.（用no matter改写） ____________________________________________________________________________________________5. 改错：No matter what happens, but we will stay calm. ____________________________________________________________________________________________6. 完成：______ the journey takes, we will not give up.（无论多久） 单元写作：Writing a survival story 【任务】用80-100词写一则生存故事，交代危险情境、关键困难、应对行动、结果与感悟；至少使用2处 -ever / no matter 让步状语从句。 段落功能 内容任务 语言支架 背景设定 地点、人物、突发危险 It was...when... / I found myself... 危机升级 资源限制、环境变化、情绪反应 Wherever I looked,... / What worried me most was... 关键行动 判断、工具、合作与调整 No matter how..., I... / I managed to... 结果与感悟 获救/坚持到最后 + 生存主题 Whatever happens,... / The experience taught me that... ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【自检】□ 80-100词 □ 危机-行动-结果完整 □ 2处目标语法 □ 动作顺序清楚 □ 有主题感悟 （建议用时：45分钟　满分：60分　共34题） 一、语境词汇（每题1分，共8分） 1. The guide watched the bear's ______ (react) before leading the hikers away. 2. Clean water is ______ (crucial) to survival in any emergency. 3. A calm mind helps people cope ______ sudden changes. 4. Native plants ______ (flourish) after the riverbank was protected. 5. Experts ______ (estimate) that the repair would take three days. 6. Long-term ______ (expose) to extreme cold can be dangerous. 7. One severe storm nearly ______ the nesting site ______ (wipe). 8. The emergency kit ______ a compass, water and a signal mirror. (consist) 二、语法与句式迁移（每题2分，共12分） 9. ______ difficult the route becomes, the team must stay together. (how) 10. ______ the fox finds easy food, it is likely to return. (where) 11. No matter ______ plan the explorers choose, they must protect the habitat. 12. ______ happens, do not leave the group without telling the leader. 13. 改写：Even if the weather changes suddenly, the rescue team will continue. ____________________________________________________________________________________________14. 翻译：无论任务持续多久，宇航员都必须保持耐心和乐观。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________三、阅读理解（每题2.5分，共10分） When a City Makes Room for Wildlife At first, residents of Rivergate treated every wild animal in the city as the same kind of problem. Foxes opened rubbish bins, birds nested above shop doors, and small mammals crossed roads after dark. Complaints arrived from many neighbourhoods, so some residents demanded that the animals be removed. Before taking action, however, the city team mapped each report. The map showed that most repeated conflicts happened near three things: uncovered food waste, bright glass buildings and narrow green spaces cut apart by traffic. The team then linked each measure to a particular cause. Markets received bins with secure lids, while restaurants changed the time at which waste was collected. Window markers were added to several glass buildings so that birds could see the surface. Along the river, native plants formed a continuous route between two parks. The aim was not to create a perfect refuge in the middle of the city. It was to remove avoidable dangers and give animals a safer way through the urban area. Communication changed as well. Earlier notices had simply warned people about wildlife. The new notices explained what to do: keep a safe distance, never feed wild animals, protect pets and report an injured animal. Students helped record where and when animals were seen. Reports increased during the first month, but the team did not interpret this as proof of greater conflict. Residents had learnt which encounters were worth recording. Over the following months, repeated complaints from the original hot spots became less common. The project did not make wildlife disappear, and that was never its purpose. Success meant that encounters became safer and more predictable. Some residents still disliked the new waste rules, so officials adjusted collection times after listening to local businesses. Rivergate's experience suggests that coexistence is not passive. It requires people to ask what attracts an animal, how human behaviour can change and which risks can be designed out of a city. When planning begins with those questions, urban survival becomes a shared task rather than a battle for space. 15. What did the city team do before choosing its measures? A. It moved all wild animals to the river. B. It mapped reports to identify repeated patterns. C. It closed the markets that produced food waste. D. It asked residents to stop reporting encounters. 16. What does the word "linked" in paragraph 2 most nearly mean? A. Hid. B. Delayed. C. Matched. D. Limited. 17. What can be inferred from the rise in reports during the first month? A. Wildlife conflicts had suddenly become more dangerous. B. Residents had become better at recognising reportable encounters. C. Students were required to report every animal they saw. D. The city's new measures had failed in all three hot spots. 18. What is the main idea of the passage? A. City wildlife should be removed whenever residents complain. B. A single green route can solve every form of urban conflict. C. Public notices are more useful than changes to city design. D. Safer coexistence grows from cause-based design and public cooperation. 四、完形填空（每题1分，共15分） A hiking team of five was crossing a forest ridge when dark clouds moved in much earlier than forecast. Within minutes, heavy rain reduced visibility and a fallen tree blocked the path. The group 19 ______ to turn back, but water racing down the slope had already made the old route unsafe. Their leader, Mei, knew that a quick reaction was 20 ______, yet moving quickly did not mean acting without thought. First, she asked everyone to remain 21 ______ and check for injuries. Then the team compared their paper map with the shape of the ridge. A small ranger shelter was marked two kilometres east. 22 ______ none of their phones had a signal, the compass still worked. They moved together, 23 ______ splitting up, and tied pieces of bright cloth to branches so that rescuers could follow their route. At the shelter, they found the roof damaged but one corner dry. They used tarps to limit their 24 ______ to wind and rain. Next, they counted the food and shared it 25 ______, making sure nobody consumed too much. One hiker suggested walking out alone. Mei refused, explaining that 26 ______ confident he felt, the flooded streams made solo travel too dangerous. Her firm but respectful answer 27 ______ the situation under control. By morning, the rain had stopped. The hikers heard a helicopter, but the thick trees 28 ______ them from view. They carried an orange cloth to a nearby clearing and used a mirror to 29 ______ sunlight. After several attempts, the pilot noticed the flashes and circled back. The group was 30 ______ before noon. Later, Mei said their survival had depended less on strength 31 ______ on judgement, teamwork and simple tools. 32 ______ the weather had turned against them, they adapted one step at a time. The experience left every member with a lasting 33 ______: in a crisis, calm cooperation can be the most valuable equipment of all. 19. A. attempted B. promised C. forgot D. refused 20. A. optional B. crucial C. ordinary D. impossible 21. A. calm B. curious C. silent D. separate 22. A. Unless B. Although C. Because D. Once 23. A. because of B. along with C. instead of D. except for 24. A. access B. reaction C. exposure D. entrance 25. A. equally B. suddenly C. rarely D. separately 26. A. whenever B. however C. wherever D. whatever 27. A. brought B. turned C. took D. put 28. A. sheltered B. hid C. borrowed D. removed 29. A. reflect B. consume C. estimate D. orbit 30. A. warned B. examined C. rescued D. exposed 31. A. and B. than C. but D. or 32. A. Although B. Until C. Since D. If 33. A. doubt B. restriction C. lesson D. issue 五、微写作（15分） 34. 假定你在一次户外活动中遭遇暴雨并与队伍走散。请用80-100词写一则生存故事，包括危险、应对、结果与感悟；至少使用2处 -ever / no matter 让步状语从句。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/13 1/13 1/13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 6 Survival（复习讲义） 复习要点 1. 理解城市野生动物迁移与人类生存选择的主题意义。 2. 复盘 The Wild Within 与 Plan B: Life on Mars? 的论证结构。 3. 掌握8个核心词汇、话题表达和 -ever / no matter 让步状语从句。 4. 能用80-100词写一则结构完整的 survival story。 复习重难点 重点：在城市生态、危机应对和太空生存语境中准确迁移目标语言。 难点：区分让步状语从句与名词性从句；从事实信息推断作者态度；写作中形成“危机-行动-结果-感悟”链。 学情诊断 常见问题：只背孤立词义；混淆 react/reaction、expose/exposure；漏用 cope with；把 however 与 but 连用；把 no matter 从句误作名词性从句；写作只罗列困难，缺少关键行动和主题感悟。 一、单元语篇复盘：从“城市共存”走向“人类生存选择” 1. The Wild Within 语篇起点 城市中频繁出现野生动物，看似“入侵”，实则与城市扩张、气候变化和食物来源有关。 原因与适应 城市提供栖息空间、较少天敌和大量食物；部分动物改变活动时间、觅食方式和解决问题的能力。 风险证据 玻璃建筑、交通和人类垃圾会制造新危险；个别物种难以及时改变迁徙路线或行为。 主题意义 城市生存不是人与动物的零和竞争；理解原因、减少诱因、设计安全通道，才能共享城市栖息地。 【关键句抓手】However animals adapt to urban life, people need to understand the causes and reduce avoidable conflict. 【长难句抓手】however + 主语 + 谓语构成让步状语从句；主句用 need to 明确人类责任。 【课堂追问】Why does the writer describe cities as both opportunities and dangers for wildlife? 【参考】城市既提供食物、空间和较少天敌，也制造玻璃撞击、交通与垃圾依赖等风险；作者借此引导读者从驱赶转向理解和共存。 2. Plan B: Life on Mars? 问题提出 环境风险可能威胁地球，人类一面降低风险，一面思考是否需要“Plan B”。 为何选择火星 火星相对接近地球、环境较不敌对，并已成为无人探测和载人任务规划的重点。 可能与挑战 探测数据、封闭生态实验和植物培育带来希望；辐射、食物、水、氧气和漫长航程仍是难题。 作者立场 移居火星仍很遥远；探索值得继续，但当下最现实的选择是更好地照顾唯一的地球家园。 【结构复盘】地球风险 → 火星吸引力 → 探索进展与生存挑战 → 回到保护地球的现实责任。 【迁移任务】用一句 -ever / no matter 让步状语从句表达“探索火星与保护地球并不矛盾”。 【示例】Whatever progress humans make in exploring Mars, protecting Earth must remain our immediate responsibility. 知识点1：核心词汇精讲 react / reaction：从刺激到回应 【教材语境】人们如何 react to 城市野生动物，决定了冲突会升级还是得到控制。 1. react vi. 作出反应。react to 对……作出反应；react against 反对；react with 与……发生反应。 2. reaction n. 反应。常用：one's reaction to...；in reaction to...。 3. 易错提醒：react是不及物动词，表示“对……反应”必须接介词to。 【即时小练】The fox did not ______ aggressively; its calm ______ surprised the residents.（react） 【答案与点拨】react; reaction。第一空作谓语；第二空由形容词calm修饰，需用名词。错因：react后直接接宾语或把reaction误作动词。 crucial：关键而不可缺少 【教材语境】理解动物进入城市的原因，对制定有效共存措施至关重要。 1. crucial adj. 至关重要的。be crucial to/for...；It is crucial that...。 2. crucially adv. 关键地；最重要的是。近义 important 语气通常弱于 crucial。 3. 迁移表达：Clear communication is crucial to keeping a team safe in a crisis. 【即时小练】The plan was ______ to reducing conflict; ______, residents kept the bins closed.（crucial） 【答案与点拨】crucial; Crucially。第一空作表语；第二空用副词评价整句并位于句首。 cope：在困难中有效应对 【教材语境】从城市生态冲突到火星生存，人类都需要学习如何 cope with 不确定性。 1. cope vi. 应付；处理。cope with + 压力/变化/危机；不可直接接宾语。 2. 辨析：cope with强调设法应对；deal with范围更广；solve强调找到问题答案。 3. 常用：cope with pressure / a shortage / an emergency。 【即时小练】Good preparation helps explorers cope ______ unexpected changes. 【答案与点拨】with。cope为不及物动词，必须用cope with sth。 flourish：在合适条件下繁荣生长 【教材语境】城市中食物充足、天敌较少，一些“newcomers”因而 flourish。 1. flourish vi. 繁荣；茁壮成长；也可指思想、艺术等蓬勃发展。 2. flourishing adj. 繁荣的；发展良好的。注意 flourish 通常不用被动语态。 3. 迁移表达：Wildlife may flourish when safe habitats and food are available. 【即时小练】The riverbank became a ______ habitat where insects and birds could ______.（flourish） 【答案与点拨】flourishing; flourish。第一空用形容词修饰habitat；第二空位于情态动词could后用原形。 estimate：基于证据作出估计 【教材语境】说明文用 estimate 呈现规模或概率，读者还需关注依据和不确定性。 1. estimate v. 估计；估算。estimate sth at...；It is estimated that...。 2. estimate n. 估计；估价。make/give an estimate；a rough estimate。 3. 辨析：estimate强调根据已有信息判断，不等于精确统计或随意猜测。 【即时小练】Experts ______ the journey would take eight months, but the first ______ later changed.（estimate） 【答案与点拨】estimated; estimate。第一空为一般过去时谓语；第二空由the first判断用名词。 expose / exposure：暴露与风险 【教材语境】火星旅行者可能 be exposed to 辐射；城市鸟类也会暴露于玻璃建筑风险。 1. expose vt. 使暴露；揭露。expose sb/sth to...；be exposed to...。 2. exposure n. 暴露；接触。exposure to cold/radiation；exposed adj. 无遮蔽的。 3. 易错提醒：be exposed to 中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词。 【即时小练】Without a spacesuit, astronauts would be ______ to radiation; long-term ______ is dangerous.（expose） 【答案与点拨】exposed; exposure。be exposed to为固定结构；long-term后需要名词。 wipe out：彻底消灭或毁掉 【教材语境】地球风险可能 wipe out 物种或生存条件，因此必须预防而非事后补救。 1. wipe out 彻底消灭；摧毁。可用于物种、群体、成果，也可表示使人筋疲力尽。 2. eliminate强调清除问题或因素；wipe out语气更强，突出完全毁灭。 3. 常用被动：be wiped out by disease / fire / habitat loss。 【即时小练】The storm nearly ______ the nesting site, but prompt action prevented the population from being ______.（wipe） 【答案与点拨】wiped out; wiped out。第一空为一般过去时；第二空位于being后用过去分词构成被动。 consist of / consistent：组成与一致 【教材语境】封闭生态系统 consist of 相互依赖的部分，管理规则还必须与生存目标一致。 1. consist of 由……组成，不用于被动；consist in 在于；consist with 与……一致。 2. consistent adj. 一致的；持续的。be consistent with；consistency n. 一致性。 3. 辨析：consist of强调构成；be composed of / be made up of可用被动形式。 【即时小练】The emergency kit ______ three basic parts; its contents should be ______ with the guide.（consist） 【答案与点拨】consists of; consistent。主语kit为单数；第二空构成be consistent with。 知识点2：话题表达与语篇迁移 话题词汇与表达迁移 表达功能 核心表达 迁移句型 城市迁移 move into urban areas; natural habitat; take over Urban expansion may push animals towards places already occupied by people. 适应与繁衍 adapt to; fit in with; flourish; change living habits Species flourish when food, shelter and safe routes are available. 风险与共处 be exposed to; crash into; under construction; share habitats Safer design reduces conflict and helps humans share space with wildlife. 危机应对 react to; cope with; bring...under control; in the meantime In a crisis, react calmly and bring the immediate danger under control. 太空生存 unmanned spacecraft; orbit; resources; closed system A settlement must provide oxygen, water and food with limited outside support. 责任与选择 wipe out; renewable energy; take care of; make efforts However attractive Mars seems, we must take better care of Earth. 【运用原则】用“情境-原因-行动-结果-责任”组织词汇，让语言服务于判断与解决问题。 【迁移训练】围绕“Survival depends on adaptation and responsibility”写3句话：描述挑战、提出行动、升华主题。 【示例】Survival depends on adaptation and responsibility. Wherever animals enter cities, people should identify the causes before reacting. No matter how attractive another planet appears, caring for Earth remains our first duty. 知识点3：-ever / no matter 让步状语从句与单元写作 让步状语从句：观察-比较-归纳-运用 【观察】Wherever animals go, they may meet human-built barriers. No matter how difficult a crisis is, calm decisions matter. 比较维度 -ever 引导让步状语从句 no matter 引导让步状语从句 基本意义 whatever / whoever / wherever / whenever = 无论…… no matter + what / who / where / when = 无论…… 方式程度 however + 形容词/副词 no matter how + 形容词/副词 位置与标点 可置于主句前或后；前置时通常用逗号隔开 位置规则相同，语气常更明确 功能边界 whatever/whoever 还可引导名词性从句 no matter 结构只引导让步状语从句，不能作主语或宾语 形式选择流程 ① 判断是否表达“无论……” → ② 确定疑问词所指的人/事/地点/时间/程度 → ③ 选择 -ever 或 no matter + 疑问词。 whatever/whichever/whoever；wherever/whenever；however + 形容词或副词。 等义转换：whatever = no matter what；wherever = no matter where；however = no matter how。 功能：whatever/whoever可引导名词性从句；no matter结构不能作主语或宾语。 【高频错误】让步从句后再加but；however后漏形容词/副词；把no matter what误作动词宾语。 即时训练 1. ______ the fox finds food, it may return.（where） 【答案】Wherever / No matter where 2. No matter ______ carefully you plan, emergencies can happen.（how） 【答案】how 3. ______ difficulties arise, the team stays together.（what） 【答案】Whatever / No matter what 4. 改写：Wherever you live, you should protect local habitats.（用no matter改写） 【答案】No matter where you live, you should protect local habitats. 5. 改错：No matter what happens, but we will stay calm. 【答案】删除but；让步从句已表达转折，主句前不再加but。 6. 完成：______ the journey takes, we will not give up.（无论多久） 【答案】However long / No matter how long 单元写作：Writing a survival story 【任务】用80-100词写一则生存故事，交代危险情境、关键困难、应对行动、结果与感悟；至少使用2处 -ever / no matter 让步状语从句。 段落功能 内容任务 语言支架 背景设定 地点、人物、突发危险 It was...when... / I found myself... 危机升级 资源限制、环境变化、情绪反应 Wherever I looked,... / What worried me most was... 关键行动 判断、工具、合作与调整 No matter how..., I... / I managed to... 结果与感悟 获救/坚持到最后 + 生存主题 Whatever happens,... / The experience taught me that... 【参考范文】 A dust storm cut me off from the Mars base. Wherever I looked, the sky was red and the radio was silent. I checked my oxygen and followed the emergency map to a small shelter. No matter how anxious I felt, I moved slowly to save energy. Inside, I repaired the radio with spare wire and sent my position. Six hours later, a rover arrived. Whatever dangers explorers face, calm judgement, reliable tools and hope can keep them moving towards rescue. 【教师点拨】范文按“危机出现-资源判断-关键行动-获救-感悟”推进，并自然使用Wherever、No matter how和Whatever。 【自检】□ 80-100词 □ 危机-行动-结果完整 □ 2处目标语法 □ 动作顺序清楚 □ 有主题感悟 （建议用时：45分钟　满分：60分　共34题） 一、语境词汇（每题1分，共8分） 1. The guide watched the bear's ______ (react) before leading the hikers away. 2. Clean water is ______ (crucial) to survival in any emergency. 3. A calm mind helps people cope ______ sudden changes. 4. Native plants ______ (flourish) after the riverbank was protected. 5. Experts ______ (estimate) that the repair would take three days. 6. Long-term ______ (expose) to extreme cold can be dangerous. 7. One severe storm nearly ______ the nesting site ______ (wipe). 8. The emergency kit ______ a compass, water and a signal mirror. (consist) 【答案】1. reaction（名词作宾语）；2. crucial（作表语）；3. with（cope with）；4. flourished（过去时）；5 estimated（过去时）；6. exposure（名词）；7. wiped...out（短语过去时）；8. consists of（主谓一致）。 二、语法与句式迁移（每题2分，共12分） 9. ______ difficult the route becomes, the team must stay together. (how) 10. ______ the fox finds easy food, it is likely to return. (where) 11. No matter ______ plan the explorers choose, they must protect the habitat. 12. ______ happens, do not leave the group without telling the leader. 13. 改写：Even if the weather changes suddenly, the rescue team will continue. 14. 翻译：无论任务持续多久，宇航员都必须保持耐心和乐观。 【答案】 9. However / No matter how 10. Wherever / No matter where 11. which 12. Whatever / No matter what 13. No matter how suddenly the weather changes, the rescue team will continue. 14. However long / No matter how long the mission lasts, the astronauts must remain patient and optimistic. 【易错提醒】让步从句不能与but重复；however后必须接形容词或副词；no matter which可直接修饰名词plan。 三、阅读理解（每题2.5分，共10分） When a City Makes Room for Wildlife At first, residents of Rivergate treated every wild animal in the city as the same kind of problem. Foxes opened rubbish bins, birds nested above shop doors, and small mammals crossed roads after dark. Complaints arrived from many neighbourhoods, so some residents demanded that the animals be removed. Before taking action, however, the city team mapped each report. The map showed that most repeated conflicts happened near three things: uncovered food waste, bright glass buildings and narrow green spaces cut apart by traffic. The team then linked each measure to a particular cause. Markets received bins with secure lids, while restaurants changed the time at which waste was collected. Window markers were added to several glass buildings so that birds could see the surface. Along the river, native plants formed a continuous route between two parks. The aim was not to create a perfect refuge in the middle of the city. It was to remove avoidable dangers and give animals a safer way through the urban area. Communication changed as well. Earlier notices had simply warned people about wildlife. The new notices explained what to do: keep a safe distance, never feed wild animals, protect pets and report an injured animal. Students helped record where and when animals were seen. Reports increased during the first month, but the team did not interpret this as proof of greater conflict. Residents had learnt which encounters were worth recording. Over the following months, repeated complaints from the original hot spots became less common. The project did not make wildlife disappear, and that was never its purpose. Success meant that encounters became safer and more predictable. Some residents still disliked the new waste rules, so officials adjusted collection times after listening to local businesses. Rivergate's experience suggests that coexistence is not passive. It requires people to ask what attracts an animal, how human behaviour can change and which risks can be designed out of a city. When planning begins with those questions, urban survival becomes a shared task rather than a battle for space. 15. What did the city team do before choosing its measures? A. It moved all wild animals to the river. B. It mapped reports to identify repeated patterns. C. It closed the markets that produced food waste. D. It asked residents to stop reporting encounters. 16. What does the word "linked" in paragraph 2 most nearly mean? A. Hid. B. Delayed. C. Matched. D. Limited. 17. What can be inferred from the rise in reports during the first month? A. Wildlife conflicts had suddenly become more dangerous. B. Residents had become better at recognising reportable encounters. C. Students were required to report every animal they saw. D. The city's new measures had failed in all three hot spots. 18. What is the main idea of the passage? A. City wildlife should be removed whenever residents complain. B. A single green route can solve every form of urban conflict. C. Public notices are more useful than changes to city design. D. Safer coexistence grows from cause-based design and public cooperation. 【答案解析】 15. B　定位第一段：团队先绘制报告分布图并识别三类重复冲突。A、C未发生；D与后文鼓励合理报告相反。 16. C　第二段说明每项措施对应一个具体原因，linked在此意为matched。 17. B　第三段明确说居民学会识别值得记录的遭遇，因此报告上升不等于冲突加剧。 18. D　全文以“原因识别-针对性设计-公众沟通-调整反馈”说明城市共存需要设计与合作。 四、完形填空（每题1分，共15分） A hiking team of five was crossing a forest ridge when dark clouds moved in much earlier than forecast. Within minutes, heavy rain reduced visibility and a fallen tree blocked the path. The group 19 ______ to turn back, but water racing down the slope had already made the old route unsafe. Their leader, Mei, knew that a quick reaction was 20 ______, yet moving quickly did not mean acting without thought. First, she asked everyone to remain 21 ______ and check for injuries. Then the team compared their paper map with the shape of the ridge. A small ranger shelter was marked two kilometres east. 22 ______ none of their phones had a signal, the compass still worked. They moved together, 23 ______ splitting up, and tied pieces of bright cloth to branches so that rescuers could follow their route. At the shelter, they found the roof damaged but one corner dry. They used tarps to limit their 24 ______ to wind and rain. Next, they counted the food and shared it 25 ______, making sure nobody consumed too much. One hiker suggested walking out alone. Mei refused, explaining that 26 ______ confident he felt, the flooded streams made solo travel too dangerous. Her firm but respectful answer 27 ______ the situation under control. By morning, the rain had stopped. The hikers heard a helicopter, but the thick trees 28 ______ them from view. They carried an orange cloth to a nearby clearing and used a mirror to 29 ______ sunlight. After several attempts, the pilot noticed the flashes and circled back. The group was 30 ______ before noon. Later, Mei said their survival had depended less on strength 31 ______ on judgement, teamwork and simple tools. 32 ______ the weather had turned against them, they adapted one step at a time. The experience left every member with a lasting 33 ______: in a crisis, calm cooperation can be the most valuable equipment of all. 19. A. attempted B. promised C. forgot D. refused 20. A. optional B. crucial C. ordinary D. impossible 21. A. calm B. curious C. silent D. separate 22. A. Unless B. Although C. Because D. Once 23. A. because of B. along with C. instead of D. except for 24. A. access B. reaction C. exposure D. entrance 25. A. equally B. suddenly C. rarely D. separately 26. A. whenever B. however C. wherever D. whatever 27. A. brought B. turned C. took D. put 28. A. sheltered B. hid C. borrowed D. removed 29. A. reflect B. consume C. estimate D. orbit 30. A. warned B. examined C. rescued D. exposed 31. A. and B. than C. but D. or 32. A. Although B. Until C. Since D. If 33. A. doubt B. restriction C. lesson D. issue 【答案解析】 19. A　attempt to do表示“试图做”；后文说明原路已不安全。 20. B　quick reaction was crucial语义为“快速反应至关重要”。 21. A　remain calm与后文理性检查伤情一致。 22. B　无手机信号与指南针可用构成让步。 23. C　团队一起行动，而不是分散。 24. C　exposure to wind and rain为固定搭配。 25. A　食物按人公平分配，避免过量消耗。 26. B　however + 形容词confident引导让步状语从句。 27. A　bring the situation under control为固定表达。 28. B　树林把他们遮住，使直升机看不到。 29. A　镜子反射阳光形成求救信号。 30. C　飞行员发现闪光后，团队在中午前获救。 31. B　less...than...表示“与其说依靠力量，不如说依靠判断”。 32. A　恶劣天气与逐步适应之间构成让步关系。 33. C　冒号后内容概括他们获得的lasting lesson。 五、微写作（15分） 34. 假定你在一次户外活动中遭遇暴雨并与队伍走散。请用80-100词写一则生存故事，包括危险、应对、结果与感悟；至少使用2处 -ever / no matter 让步状语从句。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【评分标准】内容5分（危险、应对、结果、感悟完整）；结构3分；语言5分（含至少2处正确目标语法）；书写与规范2分。 【参考范文】 Last autumn, I was separated from my group when a storm hit the mountains. Wherever I looked, thick fog covered the path. I wanted to run downhill, but I remembered our guide's advice and stayed calm. No matter how frightened I felt, I checked my map, put on a raincoat and waited under a safe rock. I blew my whistle every few minutes. Two hours later, the rescue team found me. Whatever happens in the wild, clear thinking and simple preparation can turn fear into action. 1/13 1/13 1/13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $