Unit 6 Survival-【正禾一本通】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修2同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版）

本讲义围绕“城市发展与野生动物关系”及“火星生存”核心主题，构建“阅读输入-词汇语法内化-写作输出”的学习支架。从《The Wild Within》文本分析入手，通过主旨匹配、细节理解等任务梳理动物城市迁徙原因与适应策略，衔接urban、commit等核心词汇辨析及“no matter+疑问词”等语法结构，最终落脚于求生故事写作，形成完整语言学习链。 资料以新课标核心素养为导向，突出语言能力与思维品质培养。阅读环节设计“段落主旨匹配-细节信息提取-深层推理判断”三阶任务，如通过伦敦狐狸、旧金山山狮案例分析动物适应策略，提升学生文本解读与逻辑分析能力。词汇语法模块结合教材原句与高考真题，如“only+状语”倒装句的讲练结合，强化语言应用能力。课后分层练习与写作指导（如求生故事框架搭建），既辅助教师课堂授课，又助力学生自主查漏补缺，实现语言能力与学习能力的协同发展。

Good morning, everyone! I'm Xiaohe．Today, I want to talk about the relationship between urban development and wildlife．As our cities grow, wild animals' habitats are being restricted．Many species are dying from pollution or lack of food．It's terrifying to think that some might be wiped out forever．But I'm optimistic．We can figure out ways to balance development and nature．Let's commit to reducing pollution, saving resources, and creating green spaces．Together, we can get rid of the threats and build a better world for all living beings．Thank you! Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas Step One　Lead­in Why are wild animals increasingly appearing in urban areas? Because humans have moved into their territories and cities offer new habitats with food and safety． Step Two　Read for the main idea Match the main idea with each paragraph． Para．1　　A．Reasons behind wild animals' migration． Para．2 B．The crime in a city． Para．3 C．Benefits a city can offer to wild inhabitants． Para．4 D．How wild animals adapt to the city． Para．5 E．What we humans should do． Para．6 F．Dangers for those that don't adapt． 答案：Para．1—B　Para．2—A　Para．3—C　 Para．4—D　Para．5—F　Para．6—E Step Three　Read for details Ⅰ．Read Para．1 carefully and do the following exercise． Why does the author mention the crime in the first paragraph? To introduce the topic of the whole passage and attract readers' attention． Ⅱ．Read Para．2 carefully and do the following exercise． People often wonder about the reason behind this mass urban migration． Ⅲ．Read Para．3 carefully and do the following exercises． 1．What is one reason that animals are attracted to urban areas according to the passage? A．The abundance of natural predators in cities． B．The presence of tall buildings like the Shard． C．The availability of food in gardens and waste． D．The lack of human activity in cities． 2．Which of the following best describes the situation of foxes in London mentioned in the passage? A．Foxes are rarely seen in urban areas of London． B．Foxes have adapted well to life in London． C．Foxes are only found in the construction sites． D．Foxes struggle to survive in the city environment． 答案：1．C　2．B Ⅳ．Read Para．4 carefully and do the following exercise． Compared with wild animals： urban racoons: figure out difficult problems such as how to 1．open rubbish bins and other containers urban foxes: come out in daylight if 2．the reward is good enough Ⅴ．Read Para．5 carefully and do the following exercise． Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass, birds 1．crash into windows and some birds have to 2．change their migratory routes． Ⅵ．Read Para．6 carefully and do the following exercises． 1．According to the paragraph, what is essential for humans to achieve harmonious coexistence with urban wildlife? A．Ignoring the presence of wild animals． B．Understanding and appreciating wild neighbours． C．Preventing wild animals from entering cities． D．Teaching wild animals to adapt to humans． 2．What can be inferred about the presence of wild animals in cities from the passage? A．It is a temporary phenomenon． B．It is an unusual occurrence． C．It is likely to be permanent． D．It is a result of biological diversity． 答案：1．B　2．C Step Four　Consolidation Discuss the following question with your partners and present your answer to the class． How would you describe the relationship between people and urban animals in the passage? Your presentation： A balanced and harmonious relationship．People live in the cities and some animals also see them as habitats．At the same time, people and animals can get what they need from the cities． ◎ The Wild Within The crime① took place② in a seaside③ suburb④ of Cape Town．[1]Spotting⑤ the car with its window left open, the greedy⑥ thief⑦ didn't hesitate．Within seconds⑧， he had reached inside and run away with a bag of shopping．[2]No matter how many crimes he committed⑨， the police were powerless to arrest him．You see, this was no ordinary criminal⑩：it was a chacma baboon⑪．Once almost unheard of, scenes like this one in Cape Town are now common all over the world．With foxes⑫ in London, mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong, it is almost [3]as if our cities are being taken over⑬ by wild animals． [1]动词­ing短语作时间状语。 [2]“No matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句。 [3]as if引导表语从句，as if意为“似乎，好像”。 People often wonder about the reasons behind this mass urban⑭ migration⑮．Most of us would assume⑯ that urban development and climate change are responsible for⑰ pushing the animals out of their natural habitats．[4]However true this is, we also need to consider that some of these so­called “urban animals” have never moved at all—[5]it's we humans who have moved into their territory⑱．[6]Wherever they go, animals find towns and cities in their way．With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but to⑲ move in with us． [4]However引导让步状语从句。 [5]本句为强调句，强调主语we humans。 [6]Wherever引导让步状语从句。 Yet, for its newest and wildest inhabitants, a city can offer many benefits．[7]As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing⑳ spaces to animals [8]looking for㉑ new habitats．Out of reach from many of their natural predators㉒, these newcomers㉓ often flourish㉔ in their new city lives．Today, foxes can be seen all over London—one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction㉕! What's more, hungry animals are finding plenty to eat in our gardens and in the leftovers㉖ [9]we throw away㉗． [7]As引导时间状语从句，as意为“随着”。 [8]动词­ing短语作后置定语，修饰名词animals。 [9]we throw away为省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词leftovers。 One thing crucial㉘ to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt．There is evidence [10]that urban racoons㉙ are more intelligent than their wild cousins, [11]as they frequently have to figure out㉚ difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers㉛ which they would not find in the wild．Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with㉜ their new homes．Although naturally active at night, urban foxes come out in daylight if the reward is good enough．Their city location also means that they are getting a taste for the multicultural cuisine on offer㉝ from the garbage㉞, such as hamburgers, lamb㉟ kebabs㊱ and even garlic㊲ bread! [10]that引导同位语从句，作名词evidence的同位语。 [11]as引导原因状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词other containers。 For those animals [12]that don't adapt，the city can be a dangerous or even deadly㊳ place．Unable to distinguish㊴ between blue sky and glass, birds crash into㊵ windows at speeds of㊶ about 50 kilometres per hour．Recent studies estimate㊷ that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from㊸ window impacts each year in the US alone．Shockingly, these deaths amount to㊹ around ten per cent of the total US bird population．Some species are more affected than others．One theory behind this is [13]that these birds have yet to change their migratory㊺ routes that take them through cities with high­rise buildings． [12]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词those animals。 [13]第一个that引导表语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词routes。 [14]However they adapt to our ways of urban living, [15]it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate㊻ our wild neighbours．[16]Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats． [17]Whatever the reasons behind these species entering our cities, one thing is for sure㊼—as it's often a means of㊽ their survival, they could be with us to stay． [14]However引导让步状语从句。 [15]it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。 [16]本句为“only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句。 [17]Whatever引导让步状语从句。 ◎ ①crime n．罪，罪行 ②take place 发生；举行 ③seaside adj．海滨的 n．海边 ④suburb n．郊区，城郊 ⑤spot v．注意到；发现 ⑥greedy adj．贪婪的，贪心的 ⑦thief n．小偷，贼 ⑧within seconds几秒钟之内 ⑨commit v．犯(错误或罪行) ⑩criminal n．罪犯 ⑪chacma baboon 南非大狒，大狒狒 ⑫fox n．狐狸 ⑬take over占领；接管 ⑭urban adj．城镇的，城市的 ⑮migration n．迁徙 ⑯assume v．假定，假设；认为 ⑰be responsible for．．．对……有责任的；为……负责 ⑱territory n．地盘；领地 ⑲have no choice but to do sth．别无选择只能做某事 ⑳appealing adj．有吸引力的 ㉑look for寻找 ㉒predator n．掠食动物，捕食性动物 ㉓newcomer n．新来者 ㉔flourish v．生长茂盛，兴盛 ㉕under construction 在建设中 ㉖leftover n．吃剩的食物，残羹剩饭；遗留物，残存物 ㉗throw away扔掉 ㉘crucial adj．至关重要的，关键性的 ㉙racoon n．浣熊 ㉚figure out理解，弄清楚 ㉛container n．容器 ㉜fit in with 适应；符合；与……一致 ㉝on offer 提供的，供使用的；待售的 ㉞garbage n．垃圾 ㉟lamb n．羔羊肉 ㊱kebab n．烤(肉)串 ㊲garlic n．(大)蒜 ㊳deadly adj．致命的 ㊴distinguish v．区分，辨别 ㊵crash into撞上 ㊶at speeds of以……的速度 ㊷estimate v．估计，估算 ㊸die from死于 ㊹amount to 达到，总计 ㊺migratory adj．迁徙的 ㊻appreciate v．欣赏；赏识 ㊼for sure肯定地；无疑地 ㊽a means of 一种……的方式 ◎ 城中的野生动物 在开普敦的一个海滨郊区发生了一起犯罪活动。贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后，没有丝毫犹豫就行动了。几秒之间，他把手伸进车窗，抓出一袋东西逃之夭夭。不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。要知道，这可不是普通的罪犯：它是一只大狒狒。以前，在开普敦发生的这种事几乎闻所未闻，但现在这种事在世界各地都时有发生。伦敦出现了狐狸，旧金山出现了美洲狮，香港出现了野猪，我们的城市就像是被野生动物给占领了。 人们总想知道这种大规模城市迁徙背后的原因。我们大多数人会认为，城市发展和气候变化是造成这些动物离开其自然栖息地的原因。无论事实如何，我们必须得明白，在这些所谓的“城市动物”中，有一些根本就没有迁徙过——是我们人类搬到了它们的领地里。动物不论走到哪里，都发现有城镇拦路。既然没有别处可以安家，它们别无选择，只好搬来和我们一起生活。 不过，城市提供给这些最新的也是最野生的居民许多好处。随着我们的城市绿化越来越好，它们越来越吸引着寻找新栖息地的动物。由于远离自然界中的许多天敌，这些新来者往往在新城市生活中繁衍生息。现在，伦敦随处都可以见到狐狸——有一只甚至生活在当时在建的夏德大厦72楼！而且，饥饿的动物们从我们的花园里和我们扔掉的垃圾中找寻到大量的食物。 对这些越来越多的“城市动物”来说，适应能力是关键。有证据显示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聪明，因为它们时常要想办法解决难题，比如怎么打开垃圾桶以及其他它们在野外不会见到的容器。为了适应新的家园，有些动物甚至改变了习性。尽管狐狸天生昼伏夜出，但如果(白天)能获得更多东西，城市里的狐狸会在白天出来。城市的位置也意味着它们可以吃到来自垃圾里的多元文化的菜肴，比如汉堡包、烤羊肉串甚至香蒜面包！ 对无法适应环境的动物来说，城市是个危险甚至致命的地方。无法分辨蓝天和玻璃的鸟类会以每小时50千米的速度撞向窗户。近期研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而亡。令人震惊的是，这一死亡数量约占全美鸟类总量的10%。有些种类的鸟受此影响更大。一种理论认为，这些鸟类还未调整它们的迁徙路线以使它们能够在这些有高楼大厦的城市中穿梭。 不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居是非常重要的。只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。无论这些物种进入我们城市的原因是什么，有一件事是肯定的——既然它们这么做通常是为了生存，那么它们就可以留下来和我们一起生活。 spot v．发现；认出；弄脏 n．地点；场所；斑点；污点(联想：spotted adj．有斑点的) 【教材原句】　Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn't hesitate．贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后，没有丝毫犹豫就行动了。 【要点归纳】 (1)on the spot 立即；在现场 put sb．on the spot (故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题)使某人难堪 (2)spot sb．doing sth． 发现某人正在做某事 be spotted with 满是……斑点；点缀着…… 【佳句必背】　Not only will all kinds of paper­cutting works be on display, but the craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes on the spot．(应用文之活动介绍) 不仅将展出各种剪纸作品，工匠们还将现场向参观者展示如何将纸剪成各种形状。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The white shirt was spotted (spot) with ink when he was writing, which made him a bit annoyed． ②She wore a lovely spotted (spot) dress to the party, which made her outstanding in the crowd． ③The teacher put the student on the spot by asking him a very difficult question． ④I spotted my classmate reading (read) a book in the corner of the library when I passed by． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ⑤此外，长江沿岸的风景也令人惊叹，有许多著名的观光景点。 Moreover, the scenery along the Yangtze River is amazing, with many well­known sightseeing spots． greedy adj．贪婪的，贪心的；渴望的(联想：greed n． 贪心，贪婪　greedily adv．贪婪地，贪心地) 【教材原句】　Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn't hesitate． 贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后，没有丝毫犹豫就行动了。 【要点归纳】 be greedy for．．．　　　　 对……贪婪/渴望 be greedy to do sth． 渴望做某事 【佳句必背】　He looked at the shop window with greedy eyes and apparently, he wanted more toys．(读后续写之心理描写) 他用渴望的目光盯着商店的橱窗，显然，他还想要更多的玩具。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Some businessmen seem to be greedy for profit, ignoring the impact of their actions． ②After hours of hiking, the exhausted hikers greedily (greedy) drank water from their bottles． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③(应用文之建议信)得知你渴望尽快适应新的环境，我写信给你提供一些建议。 Learning that you are greedy to adapt to new surroundings as soon as possible, I am writing to offer you some suggestions． commit v．犯(错误或罪行)；承诺；全心全意投入(联想：commitment n．承诺；献身，奉献　committed adj．尽心尽力的；坚信的) 【教材原句】　No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him．不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。 【要点归纳】 (1)commit an error/a crime/suicide 做错事/犯罪/自杀 commit oneself to (doing) sth． 专心致志于(做)某事；承诺/保证(做)某事 commit．．．to．．． 投入(钱、时间、人力等) (2)make a commitment to 对……作出承诺 (3)be committed to (doing) sth． 全身心地投入(做)某事 【佳句必背】　Committed to education, he committed every minute to studying and teaching, eventually his commitment finally paid off．(应用文之人物介绍) 他一心扑在教育事业上，把每一分钟都用于学习和教学中，最终他的付出得到了回报。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①He was a good man who was committed (commit) to his family as well as to his work． ②Many companies have made a commitment to reducing (reduce) their carbon emissions． ③She committed herself (she) to helping the homeless by volunteering at the local shelter． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④她每天全身心地投入到勤奋学习中，目标是在所有科目上都取得优异的成绩。 She is committed to/commits herself to studying diligently every day, aiming to achieve excellent grades in all her subjects． estimate v．& n．估计，估算(联想：estimation n．估计；评价) 【教材原句】　Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone．近期研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而亡。 【要点归纳】 estimate．．．at．．． 估算/估计……为…… be estimated to be/have 估计有…… It is estimated that．．． 据估计…… 【佳句必背】　Thanks to your timely help and guidance, it took us only half of the estimated time to finish the task．(应用文之感谢信) 多亏你的及时帮助和指导，我们只用了预计时间的一半就完成了这项任务。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①The architect estimated the cost of the new building at ＄2 million． ②The number of plastic bottles thrown away daily in this city is estimated (estimate) to be over one million． ③The company's marketing team made a careful estimation (estimate) of the market demand before launching the new product． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④据估计，人工智能技术将对我们的日常生活产生深远影响。 It is estimated that AI technology will have a profound effect on our daily life． appreciate v．欣赏；赏识；感激，感谢(联想：appreciation n．欣赏；感激　appreciative adj．欣赏的；感激的) 【教材原句】　However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours．不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居是非常重要的。 【要点归纳】 (1)appreciate＋n．/pron．/v．­ing 欣赏/感激…… I would appreciate it if．．． 假如……，我将不胜感激 (2)show/convey/express one's appreciation 表达感激 【佳句必背】　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I would appreciate it if you could agree to my request and accept my invitation．(应用文之申请信)如果你能同意我的请求并接受我的邀请，我将不胜感激。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①She appreciates helping (help) her mother with the housework every weekend． ②I appreciate being given (give) the opportunity to join you in the volunteering activity． ③We can show our appreciation (appreciate) of the volunteers' hard work by writing thank­you letters． ④The students were very appreciative (appreciate) of the teacher's efforts in helping them prepare for the exam． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ⑤如果你能给我一些关于如何摆脱坏习惯的建议，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to get rid of bad habits． crucial adj．至关重要的，关键性的 【教材原句】　One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt． 对这些人越来越多的“城市动物”来说，适应能力是关键。 【要点归纳】 (1)a crucial factor/decision 关键性的因素/决定 at the crucial moment 在紧要关头 (2)be crucial to 对……至关重要 be of crucial importance 至关重要 play a crucial role in 在……中起重要作用 It is crucial that．．． ……是至关重要的 【佳句必背】　It is crucial that we (should) take urgent measures to protect oceans from being further destroyed．(应用文之倡议书) 我们应该采取紧急措施来保护海洋免受进一步的破坏，这是至关重要的。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Being able to communicate effectively is crucial to getting (get) along well with classmates and teachers in school． ②To keep fit, it is of crucial importance that you maintain a balanced diet and do regular exercise． 【写成佳句】　完成句子/翻译句子 ③良好的沟通技巧在建立成功的人际关系方面起着重要作用。 Good communication skills play a crucial role in building successful relationship． ④我们应该立即采取措施挽救濒危物种，这是至关重要的。 It is crucial that we take immediate measures to rescue the endangered species． restrict v．限制，控制；约束(联想：restriction n．限制，约束　restricted adj．受限制的；受约束的) 【教材原句】　Some environmentalists argue that we should restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals． 一些环保主义者认为，我们应该限制城市发展，为野生动物留下足够的自然栖息地。 【要点归纳】 (1)restrict sb．to (doing) sth． 约束某人(做)某事 restrict．．．to．．． 把……限制/控制/在…… (2)be restricted to 限制(在某范围) 【佳句必背】　We'd better restrict screen time to one hour at a time and then we can take exercise indoors．(应用文之建议信) 我们最好把屏幕时间限制在一个小时，然后我们可以在室内锻炼。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①It's crucial that access to the club should be restricted to members only． ②In the meantime, this licence allows you to travel anywhere without restriction (restrict)． ③Parents shouldn't restrict children to staying indoors．Instead, encourage them to go out and explore the world． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④学生在电子设备上花费的时间应被限制在合理范围内。 The time students spend on electronic devices should be restricted to a reasonable range． fit in with适应；符合；与……一致 【教材原句】　Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes．为了适应新的家园，有些动物甚至改变了习性。 【要点归纳】 (1)fit 　　　　　　 v．(对某人)合身；符合；使胜任 adj．健康的；合适的 fit sb．/sth． 适合某人/某物 fit in 相适应；相融合 be fit for 适合 keep fit 保持健康 (2)fitness n．健康；适合 【佳句必背】　It's important for new students to fit in with their classmates as quickly as possible so that they can feel comfortable at school．(应用文之建议信) 对于新生来说，尽快与同学们融洽相处是很重要的，这样他们就能在学校里感到舒适。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①She is fit for the position of manager because of her excellent leadership skills and rich work experience． ②Regular exercise is essential for maintaining good fitness (fit) and overall health． ③It's important for teenagers to feel like they fit in, as it contributes to their self­esteem． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④许多人选择每天早上跑步来保持健康并享受新鲜空气。 Many people choose to run every morning to keep fit and enjoy the fresh air． ⑤她很难适应新工作中快节奏的工作环境。 She has a hard time fitting in with the fast­paced work environment at her new job． “only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装 【教材原句】　Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats． 只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。 【要点归纳】 (1)“only＋状语(副词/介词短语)”置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。 (2)“only＋状语从句”置于句首时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 【佳句必背】　Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to endangered wildlife and to our planet．(应用文之环境保护) 只有当我们学会与大自然和谐共处时，我们才不会成为濒危野生生物和地球的威胁。 【写成佳句】　完成句子/句型转换 ①(应用文之建议信)只有通过这种方式，我们才能为我们的家庭和社会做出贡献。 Only in this way can we make contributions to our family and society． ②I only realized how much I loved them when I left my parents for Italy． →Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them． ③Endangered species can be saved only when wildlife habitats are protected． →Only when wildlife habitats are protected can endangered species be saved． flourish A．v．繁荣；昌盛　B．v． 茁壮成长　C．n．(为引起注意的)夸张动作　D．v．(为引起注意)挥舞 ①As the curtain rose, the lead actor entered the stage with a flourish, immediately capturing the audience's attention． C ②The new policy has encouraged small businesses to flourish． A ③She flourished the letter in front of her friends, showing off the good news she had just received． D ④The students flourished under the guidance of their dedicated teachers, achieving remarkable progress in their studies． B [课后分层练16] (时间：45分钟　满分：76分) Ⅰ．单词拼写(每小题1分，共8分) 1．The new shopping mall in the suburb (城郊) has become a popular destination for local residents． 2．Properly sorting garbage (垃圾) plays a vital role in reducing environmental pollution． 3．It is generally considered that the medical service in urban (城市的) areas is better than that in rural areas． 4．Honest communication is crucial (至关重要的) in friendships, preventing misunderstandings and strengthening bonds． 5．The seaside (海滨的) town is known for its beautiful beaches and fresh seafood, attracting many tourists every summer． 6．The thief (小偷) who broke into the house last night was finally caught by the police this morning． 7．Our company organized a welcome party for the newcomers (新来者), helping them integrate into the team more quickly． 8．Whoever commits a crime (罪行) can never escape being punished． Ⅱ．单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．To gain a more precise estimation (estimate) of the data, we decide to put off the meeting． 2．He listened to the story greedily (greedy), eager to hear every detail and not wanting to miss a single word． 3．The library has a strict restriction (restrict) on the number of books you can borrow at one time． 4．The police eventually captured the criminal (crime) who had committed a series of burglaries across the city． 5．The company's commitment (commit) to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success． 6．I put leftovers in a plastic container (contain) and placed it in the fridge for tomorrow's lunch． 7．By no means can we use smartphones in school．We have no choice but to put (put) them away． 8．The fallen tree was in our way, so we had to find another route to get to the campsite． Ⅲ．完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．所有作业都按时提交后，学生们终于松了口气，能够放松一下了。 With all assignments submitted on time, students could finally breathe a sigh of relief and were able to relax．(with的复合结构) 2．无论数学题有多难，她总是尽最大努力去解答。 No matter how difficult the math problems are, she always tries her best to solve them．(“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句) 3．当她终于完成任务时，仿佛有一块巨石从她肩头卸下。 It was as if a heavy weight had been lifted from her shoulders when she finally finished her assignment．(as if引导表语从句) 4．只有当暴风雨结束后，我们才能再次外出，享受清新的空气和阳光。 Only when the storm had ended could we go outside again, enjoying the fresh air and sunshine．(only＋状语置于句首) 5．他别无选择，只能接受这项新任务，尽管这意味着他不得不加班。 He had no choice but to accept the new assignment, even though it meant working extra hours．(have no choice but to do) Ⅳ．课文语法填空(每小题1．5分，共15分) People often wonder about the reasons behind wild animals' mass urban 1migration (migrate)．Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are responsible 2for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats．With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but 3to move (move) in with us． As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals 4looking (look) for new habitats．One thing crucial 5to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt．There is evidence 6that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they 7frequently (frequent) have to figure out difficult problems that they would not find in the wild． For those animals that don't adapt, the city can be a 8dangerous (danger) or even deadly place．Between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone．Some species 9are affected (affect) more seriously than others because they have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high­rise buildings． However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it is important that we get a 10better (good) understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours． Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2．5分，共20分) A (2025·江苏苏州高二上期末)Driving home from work, Will spotted a For Sale sign on the last remaining farm in the city of Milwaukee．An idea flashed through Will's head．He could grow food here． Most people in the neighborhood were not eating well．“Folks were living in what I call a food desert，” Will says, “I knew I had to do something, because you can't have a healthy community without healthy food．” Will hired some neighborhood teenagers to help him get started．They “grew” new soil by composting, which means collecting food waste and piling it up until it breaks down and turns into soil．Then they made good natural fertilizer (肥料) before starting growing food．Today, Growing Power Community Food Center is growing enough food to feed people in the neighborhood．In the winter, the compost gives off enough heat to keep the greenhouses warm as it breaks down into soil．Goats, chickens, and turkeys live behind the greenhouses．Red­eyed fish are swimming in aquariums (水族箱) at the center of the greenhouses．The fish are for eating, but they also help the plants grow．The water they swim in, enriched by the fish droppings, is channeled toward the pots containing vegetables．Then it is cleaned by other plants, and returned to the fish tank as pure water．“We don't waste anything here，” Will says． “The city farm of the future is a multi­storied building, angled toward the sun．This idea, called ‘vertical (垂直的) farming’， is a new way to feed more people．You grow fish on the bottom floor and pump the water up to the top．Then the water is piped down from floor to floor, through beds of growing plants, ranging from leafy greens up high to mushrooms lower down．By the time the water returns to the fish on the bottom floor, it's clean again．” Will says, “Growing food is powerful and it can change the world！” [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Will在密尔沃建立生态农场，并设想未来垂直农场，认为种植食物能改变世界。 1．Why did Will decide to grow food in Milwaukee? A．To enable people to eat better． B．To make some profits by farming． C．To build a harmonious community． D．To transform the desert into a farm． 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段的描述可知，Will所在社区的大多数人饮食不健康，他认为没有健康的食物就没有健康的社区，所以他种植食物是为了让人们吃得更好。故选A。 2．What do we know about Will's food center? A．It works like a forest and wastes nothing． B．It is a greenhouse and provides heat in winter． C．It is a city farm that uses chemical fertilizers． D．It collects conventional soil and uses animal waste． 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段的描述可知，Will的食品中心通过堆肥制造新土壤、利用鱼的粪便为植物提供养分、水循环利用等，可知这个食物中心的运作就像一个森林生态系统一样，没有任何浪费。故选A。 3．Which of the following can best describe Will? A．Thoughtful and faithful． B．Adventurous and generous． C．Creative and ambitious． D．Humorous and farsighted． 解析：选C。推理判断题。Will不仅创建了一个社区食品中心，还通过堆肥、循环利用等方式实现了可持续的农业生产。此外，他还提出了“垂直农业”的概念，这是一种创新的农业模式，旨在解决城市空间有限的问题。这些行为表明Will具有创新精神和远大的抱负，因此选项C“有创造力且有抱负”最能描述他。故选C。 4．What is Will talking about in the last paragraph? A．The procedure of water cleaning． B．The influence of vertical farming． C．The vision for future city farming． D．The description of a future building． 解析：选C。主旨大意题。在最后一段中，Will描述了一种新型的城市农业模式——“垂直农业”。他详细介绍了这种模式的工作原理，包括在多层建筑中种植食物、利用鱼缸中的水循环灌溉植物等。这些内容都是关于未来城市农业的设想，因此选项C“未来城市农业的愿景”是正确的。故选C。 B (2025·山东师大附中高二上期中)As cities continue to grow, the need for efficient and sustainable food production has never been greater．UrbanSprout, an innovative company, has introduced Rooftop Green, a garden system that transforms urban rooftops into vibrant green spaces providing fresh produce directly to city residents． Rooftop Green is designed to be adaptable, serving small households as well as large commercial buildings．By developing otherwise unused rooftop space, it provides a practical solution to the problem of urban food deserts．The system is remarkably easy to maintain and promises a constant supply of organic vegetables and herbs． The technology behind Rooftop Green includes smart sensors and an automatic watering system．The latter optimizes plant growth with minimal water use．Connected to a mobile app, the sensors give users insights into plant health, growth stages, and proper harvest times．The app ensures that even green­hand gardeners can successfully cultivate their crops with confidence． By creating green oases (绿洲) in urban areas, Rooftop Green not only cuts the carbon footprint associated with food transport but also enhances urban biodiversity．Furthermore, it reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers, making it an environmentally friendly option for conscientious citizens． UrbanSprout employees incorporate the company's eco­friendly values in their daily routines．They actively participate in community gardening and conservation projects, promoting sustainability within and beyond the workplace．“Our goal is to cultivate a culture that values green living，” explained an UrbanSprout representative． Rooftop Green is more than an agricultural innovation．It is part of a broader movement towards sustainable urban living．For those looking to make a positive environmental impact, it offers an accessible and impactful way to engage with sustainability． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个新型花园系统，其可以利用城市屋顶种植有机蔬菜和草药。 5．What is the main purpose of Rooftop Green? A．To generate profits through commercial farming． B．To provide fresh produce by rooftop gardening． C．To conduct scientific research on plant growth． D．To provide decorations for urban buildings． 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段的描述可知，UrbanSprout公司推出的Rooftop Green花园系统旨在将城市的屋顶空间转变为绿色空间，直接种植新鲜的蔬菜和草药，为城市居民提供新鲜的农产品。故选B。 6．What's the function of smart sensors? A．Decreasing the need for watering． B．Speeding up the growth of plants． C．Observing the gardening process． D．Building confidence of beginners． 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的描述可知，系统配备了智能传感器和自动浇水系统。传感器通过连接到移动应用程序，为用户提供关于植物健康、生长阶段和最佳收获时间的观察信息。这表明传感器的主要功能是观察和监测植物生长过程。故选C。 7．What does Rooftop Green suggest? A．The change of workplace culture． B．A green and long­lasting city life． C．The total reliance on technologies． D．A trend towards independent living． 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的描述，该系统不仅减少了与食物运输相关的碳足迹，还增强了城市的生物多样性，并减少了对化学肥料的依赖。此外，员工积极参与社区园艺和环保项目，推广可持续生活方式。这些内容表明，Rooftop Green倡导的是一种绿色、可持续的城市生活。故选B。 8．What's the best title of the text? A．The Role of Technology in Urban Gardening B．Enhancing Urban Biodiversity with Sensors C．Rooftop Solutions for Urban Food Deserts D．Innovations in Agricultural Technology 解析：选C。标题归纳题。根据文章第一段以及后文的描述可知，文章主要介绍了Rooftop Green系统如何解决城市食品荒漠问题，并提供了一种可持续的城市生活解决方案。C项“城市食物沙漠的屋顶解决方案”为最佳标题。故选C。 Ⅱ．完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·安徽鼎尖名校高二上期末)Growing up, I spent countless hours in the woods behind my childhood home．Each tree had a story, a memory 1 to it．I remember the 2 of friends echoing (回响) in the woods as we played hide and seek, and the sun shines through the leaves, casting shadows on the forest floor． When I 3 home after five years in college, I was 4 by how much the ecosystem had changed．With climate change getting 5 and more buildings being built, I was 6 about what's happening．The colorful memories of my childhood are 7 ．In its place lies a landscape marked by change—change that feels invasive (入侵的) and strange．Now many trees were cut down, 8 by housing developments that have no 9 and character． I can't just 10 and do nothing．I began to educate myself about conservation efforts, driven by the changes I 11 in my environment．I have joined local conservation groups, participating in tree­planting initiatives to 12 native species and fight against plants that don't belong here．Besides, I make efforts to raise 13 in my community about the importance of preserving our natural spaces． As we face the realities of a changing climate, may we find 14 not only in our memories but also in our collective capacity to create a good future for both people and the planet, where we live together 15 ， taking care of all the living things． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了作者童年时在树林中的美好回忆，以及多年后回到家乡发现生态系统发生巨大变化后的感慨和行动。 1． A．addicted B．committed C．exposed D．attached 解析：选D。作者的童年是在树林里度过，所以应是每棵树都有一个故事，一段回忆被附带(attached)在上面。故选D。 2． A．laughter B．songs C．scream D．whispers 解析：选A。和朋友们玩捉迷藏，应是高兴的事，所以是他们的笑声(laughter)在树林里回荡。故选A。 3． A．moved B．returned C．left D．rang 解析：选B。当作者在大学五年后回到(returned)家乡时，被生态系统的巨大变化所震惊。故选B。 4． A．amused B．attacked C．struck D．stuck 解析：选C。作者家乡的变化很大，所以作者被生态系统的巨大变化所触动，be struck by被……触动/影响。故选C。 5． A．worse B．colder C．drier D．better 解析：选A。随着气候变化越来越严重(worse)，建筑越来越多，作者很担心正在发生的事情。故选A。 6． A．curious B．worried C．positive D．particular 解析：选B。根据下文第11空后的描述可知，作者加入当地的环保组织，参与了保护本地物种的植树活动，所以是为正在发生的事情感到担心(worried)才会采取行动，符合逻辑。故选B。 7． A．flooding in B．calming down C．setting out D．falling apart 解析：选D。作者的童年记忆被以变化为标志的景观所代替，所以是童年的多彩记忆正在散去。flooding in涌入；calming down平静下来；setting out出发；falling apart崩溃。故选D。 8． A．detected B．ruined C．replaced D．attracted 解析：选C。许多童年记忆中的树木被砍伐，取而代之的(replaced)是没有生命和特色的住宅。故选C。 9． A．life B．color C．emphasis D．history 解析：选A。此处是拿住宅和树木作对比，所以住宅是没有生命(life)和特色的。故选A。 10．A．think B．advertise C．quit D．watch 解析：选D。作者开始采取行动保护环境，不能只是观看(watch)这一切了。故选D。 11．A．caused B．brought C．witnessed D．prevented 解析：选C。在作者所目睹(witnessed)的环境变化的推动下，作者开始告诫自己如何保护环境。故选C。 12．A．spread B．restore C．buy D．water 解析：选B。作者加入了当地的环保组织，参与植树活动，以恢复(restore)本地物种，并与不属于这里的植物作斗争。故选B。 13．A．awareness B．funds C．pay D．standards 解析：选A。此外，作者努力提高社区对保护自然空间重要性的认识(awareness)。故选A。 14．A．entertainment B．certainty C．circumstance D．comfort 解析：选D。当我们面对气候变化的现实时，愿我们不仅能从回忆中找到慰藉(comfort)。故选D。 15．A．harmoniously B．competitively C．distinctly D．apparently 解析：选A。在那里，我们和谐(harmoniously)共处，呵护所有生灵。故选A。 Section Ⅱ　Using language— Adverbial clauses with ­ever and no matter 观察下列教材原句，注意黑体部分的用法 ①No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him． ②Wherever they go, animals find towns and cities in their way． ③However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours． ④Whatever the reasons behind these species entering our cities, one thing is for sure—as it's often a means of their survival, they could be with us to stay． 【我的感悟】 (1)第①句中，no matter＋疑问词引导让步状语从句。 (2)第②③④句中，疑问词后加­ever引导让步状语从句。 一、“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句 “no matter＋疑问词(what/who/which/when/where/how 等)”意为“无论……”，常引导让步状语从句。 ①No matter what you do, as long as you have perseverance and devotion to do it, you will succeed． 无论你做什么，只要你有毅力和奉献精神去做，你就会成功。 ②No matter when you decide to travel, make sure to check the weather forecast beforehand． 无论你决定何时去旅行，都要提前查看天气预报。 ③No matter which book you choose from this shelf, you will find something interesting to read． 无论你从这排书架上选哪一本书，你都会发现有有趣的内容可读。 ————即学即练1———— 完成句子 ①我必须说清楚，不管发生什么，我都会永远支持你。 I must make it clear that I will support you forever, no matter what happens． ②无论一份工作有多么平凡，它在社会中都起着作用，因此值得我们尊重。 No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our respect． 二、“疑问词＋­ever”引导的让步状语从句 在英语中，“疑问词＋­ever”引导让步状语从句时，意为“无论……”，可与“no matter＋疑问词”相互替换。 ①Whatever the challenges you face, stay determined and keep pushing forward． 无论你面临什么挑战，都要保持坚定，继续前进。 ②Wherever life takes us, we should never abandon our dreams． 无论生活将我们带向何方，我们都绝不应该放弃梦想。 ③However busy I am, I always make time for my family and friends． 不管我有多忙，我总是抽出时间陪伴家人和朋友。 ④Whenever I travel to a new place, I make sure to try the local cuisine and explore the culture． 每当我到一个新的地方旅行，我一定要尝试当地的美食和探索文化。 ⑤Whichever path you choose, success will come to those who work hard． 无论你选择哪条道路，成功总会降临到那些努力工作的人身上。 ————即学即练2———— 完成句子 ①无论中国人生活在哪里，他们都会庆祝每年的中秋节。 Wherever the Chinese live, they will celebrate the Mid­Autumn Festival each year． ②无论何时我们遇到挫折，保持积极的态度很重要。 Whenever we encounter setbacks, it is important to maintain a positive attitude． ③无论我们有多忙，我们都应该抽出一些时间陪伴父母。 However busy we are, we ought to spare some time to accompany our parents． 三、“疑问词＋­ever”不可与“no matter＋疑问词”互换的情况： whatever, whoever和whichever除了引导让步状语从句外，还可引导名词性从句，此时不可与no matter what, no matter who和 no matter which互换。 ①We should respect whatever opinions others hold, as everyone can express their thoughts freely． 我们应该尊重他人持有的任何观点，因为每个人都可以自由表达思想。 ②Whoever has a strong will and never gives up can achieve their goals． 任何有坚强意志且永不放弃的人都能实现他们的目标。 ③You can choose whichever book you like from the library． 你可以从图书馆里挑选任意一本你喜欢的书。 ————即学即练3———— 单句语法填空 ①The club is open to whoever shares our passion for reading and is willing to join in our discussions． ②Whatever arouses his interest can be found in the school library． ③You can take whichever toy you like． 根据括号中所给提示补全语篇 Last summer, I participated in a volunteer activity at a nursing home, which was truly rewarding． 1．Whenever I visited the elderly (每当我去看望老人们), I always brought them warmth and joy．2．No matter how tired I was (无论我有多么疲惫) after a long­day's work, I never complained．3．Whatever the tasks were (无论是什么任务), like chatting with them or helping with simple chores, I did them whole­heartedly．4．Wherever there was a need (不管哪里有需要), I offered my help．5．However difficult it was (不管有多难) to communicate with those with hearing problems, I tried my best to make them understand．6．Whichever elderly person I talked to (不管和哪个老人交谈), I could feel their loneliness and longing for care． This experience taught me that love and patience can break all barriers． 用适当的引导词填空 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I've come to accept whatever goals I set for myself, they just have to be my own． 2．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family． 3．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down． 4．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality． 5．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left wanting more next time． 6．(2022·全国甲卷)Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world． [课后分层练17] (时间：45分钟　满分：76．5分) Ⅰ．单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．After a long day of hiking, the exhausted hiker finally reached the summit, where he was rewarded with a breathtaking view．(hike) 2．The rise in consumption (consume) of organic food reflects people's growing awareness of health． 3．Our school holds a monthly (month) sports day to encourage students to stay active and healthy． 4．An experienced teacher will be in charge of that class to bring the children under control． 5．His reaction (react) to the unexpected news was one of shock．He stood there, speechless for a moment． 6．Facing rapid technological changes, companies need to constantly innovate to cope with the competition． 7．Students are generally optimistic about the new semester, looking forward to learning more． 8．You had better think of some good ways to get rid of the bad habits． Ⅱ．链接写作——完成句子(每题2分，共12分) 1．不管我们遇到什么困难，妈妈总是积极乐观，并鼓励我们克服困难。 Whatever/No matter what difficulties we meet, Mother always stays positive and encourages us to overcome them． 2．每当我向她寻求帮助时，她都会耐心地给我提供有用的建议。 Whenever/No matter when I turn to her for help, she always patiently offers me useful advice． 3．无论你在哪里，你总能通过社交媒体与你的亲人保持联系。 Wherever/No matter where you are, you can always connect with your family through social media． 4．不管我们离得多远，有多忙，我们都会设法回家庆祝中秋节。 No matter how far away and busy we are, we will try to come home to celebrate the Mid­Autumn Festival． 5．想加入戏剧社的同学，需在下周五前报名，以便我们安排相关培训。 Whoever hopes to join the drama club should sign up before next Friday so that we can arrange relevant training． 6．老师时刻愿意帮助学生解决学习过程中遇到的任何问题。 Teachers are always ready to help students solve whatever problems they encounter during the learning process． Ⅲ．链接写作——完成语段(每题1．5分，共9分) Hello, everyone．I'm Anna．It's a great honour to be here．I loved dancing from a young age, but 1no matter how much I loved it (无论我多么喜欢它), a car accident at five took my leg and my dream．I was hopeless, and 2whoever tried to talk to me (不管是谁想和我说话), I'd get angry．Then, my dance teacher gave me Helen Keller's book．3No matter how many times I read it (无论我读过多少次), her story inspired me．I realised 4no matter how hard (无论多么困难) life gets, I must keep going．So, I studied literature and became a writer．5No matter what challenges I faced (不管面对什么挑战), I never gave up．Now, I've written 16 novels．Remember, 6whenever you feel hopeless (每当你感到无助时), things will get better．No matter when you face difficulties, stay strong． Thank you． Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2．5分，共20分) A (2025·山西太原高二上期末)Most people tend to think of cities as places lacking nature, but indeed cities aren't just concrete (混凝土) jungles but are actually bustling with wildlife and nature．According to a study in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, urban landscapes are more than just human habitats; they also provide special opportunities for wildlife conservation． “As a city kid growing up during the 1980s, I was fascinated with birds nesting on the top of my neighbour's roof, which sparked my interest in birds and nature，” said Frank La Sorte, a researcher at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology．He believes that by observing our feathered friends in the city, we can see nature as an essential part of our well­being．Protecting nature is like giving ourselves a high­five． To document the value of cities to birds, the research team from Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Auburn University, and Rutgers University, decided to put cities under the microscope．They mixed and matched bird sightings from citizen scientists of eBird program, endangered species lists, critical habitats, and 2020 U．S．census (普查) data．The team found that natural areas within cities could mean increased access to resources, warmer temperatures and shelters from natural disasters for birds．They also suggest that these green spaces should even allow for unique reappearing opportunities for species, which is not possible in their natural habitats． But, they also caution that cities aren't always the safest choice for wildlife, which means updating our views of cities as places where we can connect with nature is the first step to stop biodiversity loss．So, next time you're taking a walk down the street, look up, and look around．You might just spot a nature scene that's right beside you．Our urban jungles have thrived．Cities are the new frontier for wildlife conservation． [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了城市为野生动物保护提供了特殊机会。 1．What is the updated idea about the relation between the city and nature? A．Cities are friendly to wildlife． B．Cities hold no place for nature． C．Cities have no impact on nature． D．Cities are rich in natural resources． 解析：选A。细节理解题。 文章第二段提到城市不仅仅是人类的栖息地，还为野生动物保护提供了特殊机会。此外，第四段提到城市中的自然区域为鸟类提供了更多的资源、温暖的温度以及自然灾害中的庇护所。这些信息表明城市对野生动物是友好的。故选A。 2．What inspired Frank La Sorte's passion for birds? A．His interest shared with his friends． B．His childhood spent in the countryside． C．His sighting of birds in the neighborhood． D．His research in Cornell Lab of Ornithology． 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As a city kid growing up during the 1980s, I was fascinated with birds nesting on the top of my neighbour's roof, which sparked my interest in birds and nature”可知，Frank对鸟类的热情来自他在邻居屋顶看到的鸟类。故选C。 3．How can cities contribute to the protection of birds? A．By providing natural areas to shelter birds． B．By reducing the number of birds' enemies． C．By making cities less exposed to disasters． D．By introducing new species to the rural areas． 解析：选A。推理判断题。第三段提到研究团队发现城市中的自然区域对鸟类意味着能更多地获取资源、更温暖的温度和躲避自然灾害的庇护所。由此可推断出城市通过提供自然区域来庇护鸟类。故选A。 4．What does the author call on people to do in the last paragraph? A．Have a healthy and balanced lifestyle． B．Be an observer of nature in cities． C．Stop urbanization to keep biodiversity． D．Make frequent visits to the jungles． 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“So, next time you're taking a walk down the street, look up, and look around．You might just spot a nature scene that's right beside you．”可知，作者呼吁人们在城市中做自然的观察者。故选B。 B (2025·安徽合肥六校高二上期末)Air pollution is among the biggest threats against humans, which causes seven million early deaths a year．To fight this problem, four friends put their heads together and designed CityTree, which is a mobile structure that can capture as many pollutants as a forest made up of 275 trees．What makes the “tree” special is that it's not a regular tree at all; it is made up of moss cultures (苔藓培养物) that do a great job of absorption． “Moss cultures have a much larger surface than any other plant，” Zhengliang Wu, co­founder of Green City Solutions, explained to CNN．“That means we can capture more pollutants．” The entire “tree” sustains itself using solar panels that generate electricity so that it can collect rainwater itself．To monitor the health of the moss, the CityTree has sensors which measure temperature and water quality． Now, about 20 CityTrees can be found in major cities like Oslo, and Paris．The team also has plans to introduce the CityTree to cities in lower­income countries, which may have worse air pollution． However, Gary Fuller, an expert on air pollution, thinks that the concept of an urban air purifier might be too ambitious．“Even if you had a perfect air cleaner, getting the surrounding air in contact with it is really hard，” he said．Pollution made by cars, for example, spreads upwards a few kilometers into the air．“Efforts would be better put into stopping the pollution from forming in the first place，” he added． In response, the CityTree inventors say that they are aware of this and choose the location of each CityTree carefully．They are also testing a system to create their own air flow that draws the pollution to the “tree”． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“CityTree”的工作原理以及好处，比如可以改善空气污染。 5．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about concerning the CityTree? A．Its appearance． B．Its operating process． C．How it works． D．How it gets powered． 解析：选C。主旨大意题。第二段首先提到苔藓培养物表面积大，能吸收更多污染物；接着讲整个 “树” 通过太阳能电池板发电来维持自身运转，还能收集雨水；并且有传感器来监测苔藓的健康状况，包括测量温度和水质。所以是在介绍 CityTree 的工作原理。故选C。 6．What is Gary Fuller's attitude to the CityTree? A．Doubtful． B．Intolerant． C．Worried． D．Unclear． 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，Gary Fuller 认为城市空气净化器这个概念可能太宏大了，并且举例说明即使有完美的空气净化器，让周围空气与其接触也很难，他还说最好把精力放在从源头阻止污染形成上。由此可知，他对 CityTree 是持怀疑态度的。故选A。 7．What will the CityTree inventors probably do? A．Develop a new type of air cleaner． B．Make improvements to the structure． C．Redirect efforts to make greener cars． D．Expand their business in rich countries． 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，面对 Gary Fuller 的质疑，CityTree 的发明者表示他们已经意识到问题所在，并且会仔细选择 CityTree 的放置位置，还在测试一个能制造自己的气流来把污染物引向 “树” 的系统，这说明他们可能会对 CityTree 的结构进行改进。故选B。 8．Which of the following is the best title for this text? A．Global Efforts in Planting Trees B．The Alarming Trend of Air Pollution C．A Structure That Will Change the World D．The “Tree” with the Green Benefits of a Forest 解析：选D。标题归纳题。根据第一段的描述可知，这棵“树”的特别之处在于，它根本不是一棵普通的树；它是由苔藓培养物组成的，吸收效果很好。并结合文章主要介绍了“城市树”可以改善空气污染，以及其工作原理和好处可知，D项“具有森林绿色效益的‘树’”为最佳标题。故选D。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2．5分，共12．5分) (2025·重庆八中高二上期末) Go Gardening Gardening provides numerous benefits beyond just fresh vegetables and flowers．It can also aid in weight management, fitness, and mental sharpness．There are more advantages． It's a fun workout． 1( ) But if you find the idea of working in a garden a bit dull, knowing it's doing you good physically might make it more entertaining．You plant seeds, pull up weeds, move pots, and push a lawnmower (剪草机) etc．2( ) Even better, whatever your age, it is an activity with a purpose—and one that might keep you in motion longer than traditional exercise． It reduces your risk of heart disease． Even though gardening may not involve high­intensity exercise, it still provides heart­health benefits．3( ) The benefits come from a combination of physical exercise and the stress reduction that “playing in the dirt” provides． 4( ) Having dirt under your fingernails may be a sign of poor hygiene (卫生), but scientists say it could also be a mark of good health．Thanks to beneficial bacteria found in soil, gardening may improve your immune system, helping you get sick less and fight off infections easier, according to research that includes a 2015 study published in the international journal Immuno Targets and Therapy． It increases co­ordination (配合) and strength． Hand and finger strength, flexibility and coordination are essential for everyday tasks like opening jars, carrying packages and picking up children．5( ) A．It boosts your immune system． B．It helps you stay fit physically and mentally． C．It's nice to get out in the garden on a sunny day to give it a tidy． D．In fact, gardening can contribute to reducing the risk of a heart attack． E．Gardening is a great way to maintain those fine motor (肌肉运动的) skills and muscles． F．The gardening tasks actually provide a whole­body workout for adults over 65 years old． G．More than just good exercise for your body, gardening provides a workout for your brain． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了从事园艺活动的好处。 1．解析：选C。根据下文“But if you find the idea of working in a garden a bit dull, knowing it's doing you good physically might make it more entertaining．”可推断出，本空与下文为转折关系，要表达与“在花园里工作好”有关的话题，C项“在一个阳光明媚的日子里到花园里去整理一下真是太好了。”能引起下文，符合题意。故选C。 2．解析：选F。上文介绍了一些园艺活动：播种，拔草，搬花盆，推割草机。结合下文“更棒的是，无论你的年龄多大，这都是一项有意义的活动。”可知，F项“园艺工作实际上为65岁以上的成年人提供了一种全身锻炼。”能承上启下，符合题意。故选F。 3．解析：选D。这一段的小标题是“它降低你患心脏病的风险”。D 项“事实上，园艺有助于降低心脏病发作的风险。”与小标题相呼应，并且具体说明了园艺对降低心脏病风险的作用。故选D。 4．解析：选A。设空处为本段小标题。根据本段内容可知，这一段主要讲园艺对免疫系统的好处。A项“它增强你的免疫系统。”符合这一段的主题。故选A。 5．解析：选E。根据这一段的小标题It increases co­ordination (配合) and strength．和上文“Hand and finger strength, flexibility and coordination are essential for everyday tasks like opening jars, carrying packages and picking up children．”可知E 项“园艺是保持那些精细肌肉运动技能和肌肉的好方法。”符合语境，进一步说明了园艺对保持这些技能和肌肉的作用，与小标题和上文内容相符。故选E。 Ⅲ．语法填空(每小题1．5分，共15分) (2025·浙江杭州高二期末)Recently, researchers in China have found a new way to turn soil fertile, making 1 possible for humans to develop agriculture on the moon．In September, special bacteria 2 (introduce) into the soil and consequently they discovered that phosphorus, an important nutrient for plants, increased．By the end of October 2024, the researchers had conducted numerous 3 (experiment) and finally they made it．They grew a plant linked with the tobacco plant and used volcanic soil from the Changbai Mountains in Jilin Province, 4 is similar to lunar soil．They treated the moon­like soil with three different kinds of bacteria．By 5 (compare), the plants raised in the bacteria­treated soil grew 6 (well) than plants that grew in the soil without the bacteria． Xia Yitong, 7 co­author of the study, said carrying food, oxygen and water to people on the moon would be 8 (incredible) expensive．He added, “A plant cultivation system on the moon will meet long­term food and oxygen requirements for humans, thus contributing 9 the human life on the moon．Other plans to grow food on the moon that do not need soil are more costly as they require materials 10 (transport) from Earth．” [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国研究人员发现通过特殊细菌使土壤肥沃的新方法，可能实现月球农业发展的突破。 1．解析：it。考查代词。此处为“make＋it＋adj．＋for sb．to do sth．”结构，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。故填it。 2．解析：were introduced。考查时态和语态。空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语In September可知，应用一般过去时，主语special bacteria与动词introduce之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数形式，be动词用were。故填were introduced。 3．解析：experiments。考查名词复数。根据空前的numerous可知，此处应用可数名词复数形式。故填experiments。 4．解析：which。考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为volcanic soil，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 5．解析：comparison。考查名词。根据空前介词By可知，此处应用名词作宾语，compare的名词形式为comparison，意为“比较”，by comparison是固定短语，意为“通过比较；相比之下”。故填comparison。 6．解析：better。考查副词比较级。根据空后than可知，此处应用副词well的比较级better，修饰动词grew。故填better。 7．解析：a。考查冠词。co­author是可数名词，此处表示“一位共同作者”，表泛指，且co­author发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 8．解析：incredibly。考查副词。此处修饰形容词expensive，应用副词incredibly作状语，表示“极其；难以置信地”。故填incredibly。 9．解析：to。考查介词。此处考查短语contribute to，意为“为……做出贡献”，所以此处应用介词to。故填to。 10．解析：to be transported。考查非谓语动词。require．．． to do sth．表示“需要……做某事”，且materials与transport之间是被动关系，应用不定式的被动形式to be done。故填to be transported。 Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas Step One　Lead­in Do you think humans might be able to live on Mars? Why or why not? I think humans are able to live on Mars．Because Mars is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets． Step Two　Read for the main idea Step Three　Read for details Ⅰ．Read Para．1 and do the following exercise． Paragraph 1 is about the 1．risks of living on earth, which are 2．nuclear missiles and 3．environmental problems．And the solutions are turning from coal and oil to 4．renewable energy． Ⅱ．Read Para．2 and do the following exercise． Why is Mars our Plan B? Because Mars is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets． Ⅲ．Read Para．3 and do the following exercise． How have human beings explored the Mars? Human beings have explored Mars by sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars and planning manned missions to Mars． Ⅳ．Read Para．4 and do the following exercise． Ⅴ．Read Para．5 and do the following exercise． What should we do according to the last paragraph? A．Settle on Mars immediately． B．Stop all human activities at once． C．Take better care of the Earth． D．Conduct more space research． 答案：C Step Four　Consolidation Discuss the following questions with your partners and present your answers to the class． Which is better, to live on Mars or to solve Earth's problems? Why? Your presentation： I think that it is better to try to solve Earth's problems．On the one hand, Earth is the place where life began, where life has lived for billions of years．On the other hand, it is easier and safer for us to protect and save our planet than to move to another distant planet． ◎ Plan B: Life on Mars①？ In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was [1]that the human race, and possibly all advanced② life forms on the planet, could be wiped③ out by nuclear④ missiles, just at the push of a button⑤．Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth．Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy⑥．But they are also preparing for the worst：what can we do if the terrifying⑦ scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life? What is our Plan B for Earth? [1]that引导标语从句 One option is [2]to explore other planets to see if we could live on them．The most likely choice is Mars, [3]which is relatively⑧ close to Earth and has an environment less hostile⑨ than that of other planets．Mars has fascinated⑩ people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before．Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity．More governments and organisations are making efforts to⑪ educate the public on the Red Planet, for example, the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars Village in North­west China's Qinghai Province． [2]动词不定式短语to explore other planets作表语；动词不定式短语to see if we could live on them作目的状语；if引导宾语从句。 [3]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Mars; that用作替代词。 Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned⑫ spacecraft⑬ to Mars．Our probes have orbited⑭ the planet, [4]sending back valuable data and stunning⑮ images．Our robots have explored the Martian surface, [5]testing the soil and searching for⑯ resources, water and signs⑰ of life．[6]Encouraged by discoveries over the years, space agencies⑱ of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars [7]that could take place within the next 25 years． [4]动词­ing短语作伴随状语。 [5]动词­ing短语作伴随状语。 [6]过去分词短语作原因状语。 [7]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词missions。 There is no doubt [8]that humankind is drawn⑲ towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home．However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence of the human race．[9]While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, [10]travelling through dangerous solar radiation⑳．[11]And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth—ever．Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere㉑ 2 experiment, not impossible．As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert．It consisted㉒ of a closed space [12]in which people, animals and plants could live together．The“closed”concept meant that the space was designed to function㉓ with its own oxygen, food and water, needing nothing from the outside world．Although the two­year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet．More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to㉔ that on Mars．That definitely is a big step forward． [8]that引导同位语从句，对名词doubt作进一步解释。 [9]While连接并列句，表对比，意为“而，然而”。 [10]动词­ing短语作伴随状语。 [11]even if引导让步状语从句，意为“即使，尽管”；do强调谓语动词reach。 [12]in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词space。 For now㉕, human settlement㉖ of Mars is still decades away．In the meantime㉗, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer．This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on㉘ the biosphere．Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own．Right now, it's the only one we have！ ◎ ①Mars n．火星 ②advanced adj．高级的；先进的 ③wipe v．擦，拭，揩 wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭 ④nuclear adj．核武器的 nuclear missile核导弹 ⑤at the push of a button按一下按钮 ⑥renewable energy可再生能源 ⑦terrifying adj．极其可怕的，骇人听闻的 ⑧relatively adv．相对地 ⑨hostile adj．(生长环境)恶劣的 ⑩fascinate v．深深吸引，迷住 ⑪make efforts to do．．．努力做…… ⑫unmanned adj．无人驾驶(操纵)的 ⑬spacecraft n．航天器，宇宙飞船 ⑭orbit v．环绕……运行 ⑮stunning adj．极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的 ⑯search for搜索，搜寻 ⑰sign n．迹象，征兆 ⑱agency n．机构；(尤指政府内的)局，部，处 ⑲draw v．吸引，使感兴趣 ⑳solar radiation太阳辐射 ㉑biosphere n．生物圈 ㉒consist v．组成 consist of由……构成，由……组成 ㉓function v．起作用，正常工作，运转 ㉔(be) similar to与……类似 ㉕for now 目前，暂时 ㉖settlement n．移民；殖民；开拓 ㉗in the meantime 在此期间，与此同时 ㉘have an effect on 对……有影响 ◎ B计划：在火星上生活？ 在20世纪60、70年代，最大的恐惧是，只需按下一个按钮，人类——甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命体——就可能被核导弹彻底毀灭。然而今天，环境问题已经变成地球上的生命面临的最大威胁。科学家们正在思考降低这一风险的方法，例如用各种可再生能源替代煤炭和石油。但他们也在做最坏的打算：如果《后天》等电影中的恐怖场景发生在现实生活中，我们该怎么办？对地球而言，我们的B计划是什么？ 一种选择是探索其他星球，看看我们能否在上面生活。最有可能的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境不像其他行星那么恶劣。火星自古以来就吸引着人们，我们现在对探索火星的兴趣比以往任何时候都更浓厚。像《火星救援》这样的电影在全世界都很受欢迎。越来越多的政府和组织正在努力对公众进行有关这颗红色星球的教育，例如美国犹他州的火星沙漠研究站和中国西北部青海省的火星村。 自20世纪60年代以来，我们一直在向火星发射无人飞船。我们的探测器已经绕火星轨道运行，并发回了宝贵的数据和令人惊叹的图像。我们的机器人已经探索了火星表面，测试了土壤并且在寻找资源、水和生命的迹象。受到多年来这些发现的鼓舞，各国航天机构正计划在未来25年内进行载人飞船登陆火星的任务。 毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二家园。然而，把人类送上火星将要求人类具备所有的技能、勇气和智慧。到达月球只需要几天的时间，而到达火星却需要数月的时间，并且期间要经历危险的太阳辐射。而且即使第一批移民者安全抵达火星，他们可能永远无法再回到地球。活着将会成为一个日常挑战，但正如“生物圈2号”实验所证明的，这也并非完全不可能。早在20世纪80年代，科学家们就在亚利桑那州的沙漠中建造了“生物圈2号”。它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以在这个空间里生活在一起。“封闭”的概念意味着这个空间被设计成可以依靠自身的氧气、食物和水来运作，而不需要外界的任何东西。尽管为期两年的实验并不成功，但它确实让我们更好地了解了人类如何能够在另一个星球上生活。最近，科学家们成功地在类似火星的环境中种植了各种各样的植物。这无疑是向前迈出的一大步。 目前，人类要在火星上定居还需要几十年的时间。同时，科学研究表明地球正在变暖。这种变化是由人类活动引起的，而且对生物圈产生了严重的影响。在我们最终能够生活在另一个星球上之前，我们需要更好地保护好我们自己的星球。现在，它是我们唯一一个赖以生存的星球！ optimistic adj．乐观的；乐观主义的(联想：optimism n．乐观；乐观主义　optimist n．乐观的人；乐天派) 【要点归纳】 【教材原句】　Robinson Crusoe is a clever and optimistic man．鲁滨孙·克鲁索是一个聪明乐观的人。 be optimistic about．．． 对……乐观，对……持乐观的态度 in an optimistic mood 以乐观的情绪 【佳句必背】　It was his optimistic attitude to life and hard work that finally led him to his successful career．(应用文之人物介绍) 正是他乐观的生活态度和努力工作最终使他获得了事业上的成功。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①There was optimism (optimistic) that an agreement could be reached． ②Somehow he remained an optimist (optimistic) despite all that had happened to him． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ③真正的幸福是对生活保持乐观，以工作为乐，对梦想充满热情。 The real happiness is that you are optimistic about life, happy to work, and enthusiastic about your dream． react v．(作出)反应；起(化学)反应；回应(联想：reaction n．反应) 【教材原句】　How do people and organisations react to these crises? 人们和组织如何应对这些危机呢？ 【要点归纳】 (1)react to 对……作出反应，起反应 react with 与……发生化学反应 react against 反对；反抗 (2)reaction to 对……反应/回应 a chemical reaction 化学反应 【佳句必背】　I can't imagine how my sister will react to the news that she will be employed by the big firm in the urban district． 我实在无法想象我姐姐听到自己将被那家位于市区的大公司录用的消息时会作何反应。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Which of the metals in the table reacts the most with oxygen and water? ②Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes． ③Knowing basic first­aid techniques will help you react quickly to emergencies． ④Nancy's first reaction (react) to the news was a strange mixture of joy and anger． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ⑤当你与朋友分享故事时，你会更加在意他们是如何反应的。 When you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more about how they react． advanced adj．高级的；先进的(联想：advance n．& v． 前进，发展) 【教材原句】　．．．and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button． ……甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命体——就可能被核导弹彻底毀灭。 【要点归纳】 (1)advanced equipment 先进的设备 advanced course 高级课程 (2)make an advance/advances in 在某方面取得进步/发展 in advance 提前 in advance of 在……之前；比……先进 【佳句必背】　The advanced technology and unique culture presented at the opening ceremony have strengthened my national pride．(应用文之活动报道) 开幕式上展示的先进技术和独特文化增强了我的民族自豪感。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance． ②We should make a detailed plan in advance of the project to ensure its smooth progress． ③Our school has advanced (advance) teaching facilities． ④Technology has advanced (advance) rapidly in the past few decades, changing our lives significantly． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ⑤(应用文之告知信)任何想要参加高级文学课程的人必须提前报名。 Anyone who wants to take the advanced literature course must sign up for it in advance． terrifying adj．极其可怕的，骇人听闻的(联想：terror n．惊恐，恐惧　terrify vt． 使恐惧，使惊吓 terrified adj． 害怕的，惊恐的) 【教材原句】　But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life？但他们也在做最坏的打算：如果《后天》等电影中的恐怖场景发生在现实生活中，我们该怎么办？ 【要点归纳】 (1)in terror 惊慌地 (2)terrify sb．into doing．．． 吓得某人做…… (3)be terrified of 对……感到惊恐 be terrified at/by/with．．． 被……吓了一跳 be terrified that．．． 恐惧，害怕 【佳句必背】　I was terrified by/at/with the terrifying howls of wild animals in the dark forest．I was terrified into running．(读后续写之心理描写)我被黑暗森林里野生动物可怕的嚎叫吓坏了。我被吓跑了。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①She finds it terrifying (terrify) to think about leaving her comfort zone and trying new things． ②The sudden thunderstorm, which caught everyone by surprise, left the children terrified (terrify)． ③She was terrified of speaking in public and would practice for hours to overcome her fear． ④The children ran away in terror when they saw the huge spider crawling towards them． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ⑤小女孩害怕失去她最喜欢的玩具，所以把它紧紧地抱在怀里。 The little girl was terrified that she would lose her favorite toy, so she hugged it tightly to her chest． consist v．组成(联想：consistent adj． 一贯的；连续的) 【教材原句】　It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together． 它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以在这个空间里生活在一起。 【要点归纳】 (1)consist of＝be composed of＝be made up of 由……构成，由……组成 consist in 在于，存在于 consist with 与……一致，与……相吻合 (2)be consistent with 与……相一致/吻合 【佳句必背】　Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness consists in struggle．Remember that your ideal life does not always consist with the reality．(读后续写之主旨升华) 生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成的，而快乐存在于拼搏之中。记住，理想的生活并不总是和现实相一致的。,【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①A medical team, consisting (consist) of five experienced doctors and ten skillful nurses, was sent there． ②Therefore, because of different values, the western concept of dragon is not consistent with that of the Chinese dragon． ③The findings of the study do not consist with previous research, suggesting a need for further investigation． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④健康的饮食应当包含多种水果、蔬菜、全谷物以及瘦肉蛋白，以确保身体健康。 A healthy diet should consist of a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins to ensure health． expose v．使暴露(于险境)；揭露；使接触(联想：exposed adj．无遮蔽的；无保护的　exposure n．暴露) 【教材原句】　．．．we can infer that the Moon is less exposed to dangerous radiation than Mars． ……我们可以推断出月球受到的危险辐射比火星少。 【要点归纳】 (1)expose．．．to．．． 把……暴露在……；使……接触…… expose oneself to．．． 接触……；使自己暴露于…… (2)be exposed to 接触……；暴露于…… 温馨提示：及物动词expose常使用被动形式；在expose．．．to．．．以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 【佳句必背】　As a super fan of sports, I am eager to expose myself to different sports­related activities．(应用文之申请信)作为一名体育迷，我渴望投身于各种与体育相关的活动中去。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①Exposing children to diverse cultures and languages at an early age is of great importance． ②Regular exposure (expose) to nature and outdoor activities can significantly reduce stress． ③To better understand the culture, he chose to expose himself (he) to local customs and traditions by living with a host family． 【写成佳句】　一句多译 ④尽可能多地接触英语对你来说是学好英语的好办法。 →Being exposed to as much English as possible is a good way for you to learn English well．(exposed) →Exposing yourself to as much English as possible is a good way for you to learn English well．(expose) bring．．．under control 使……处于控制之下 【教材原句】　Firefighters bring blaze under control．消防队员控制住了火势。 【要点归纳】 take/lose control of 取得/失去对……的控制 have control over/of 能控制…… keep control of 保持对……的控制；牢牢掌控 be under control 被控制住 bring．．．under control 将……控制住；使……恢复正常状态 be in control of 控制着，掌管着 be/get/run out of control 失去控制 【佳句必背】　He lost control of the car, crashed into the truck and got seriously injured．(读后续写之动作链描写)他失去了对汽车的控制，撞上了卡车，受了重伤。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①It took firefighters two hours before the fire was under control． ②Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning． ③The captain was in control of the ship during the stormy weather． ④Many people believe that we have control over/of our own destiny． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ⑤经过深呼吸练习之后，她成功地控制住了自己的焦虑情绪。 After deep breathing exercises, she managed to bring her anxiety under control． get rid of 摆脱，除去；丢弃；辞掉 【教材原句】　Plus, it also includes a free poster illustrating new plans to get rid of the Ebola virus once and for all．此外，它还包括一张免费海报，海报展示了彻底清除埃博拉病毒的新计划。 【要点归纳】 (1)be rid of sb．/sth． 摆脱某人/某物 rid sb．/sth．of．．． (使某人/某物)去除…… rid yourself of sb．/sth． 摆脱；从……中解脱 (2)get rid of old toys 扔掉旧玩具 get rid of the bad habit 改掉坏习惯 get rid of the terrible smell 除去难闻的气味 【佳句必背】　We must understand that a habit is difficult and sometimes almost impossible to get rid of once formed．(应用文之建议信)我们必须明白：习惯一旦形成，就很难甚至有时几乎不可能改掉。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①They were eventually rid of debt after years of hard work． ②He tried his best to rid himself (he) of the bad influence of the past experience． ③The city council plans to rid the neighborhood of pollution by introducing stricter environmental regulations． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ④一个人可以通过以下方法保持健康：保持均衡的饮食、定期锻炼，以及改掉坏习惯。 One can keep fit by the following ways: keep a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and get rid of bad habits． that 用作替代词 【教材原句】　The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets．最有可能的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境不像其他行星那么恶劣。 【要点归纳】 替代词that, those, it, one, ones的区别： (1)that表特指，代替上文出现的同类的单数可数名词或不可数名词，相当于“the＋单数名词”。 (2)those表特指，代替上文出现的复数名词，相当于“the＋复数名词”。 (3)it表特指，用来指代上文提到的同一个事物，可替代单数可数名词或不可数名词。 (4)one表泛指，代替上文出现的同类的单数可数名词，相当于“a/an＋单数可数名词”。代替复数名词时，使用ones。 【练透考点】　单句语法填空 ①They bought a house, but they need to clean it before they can move in． ②Few pleasures can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day． ③Winning first prize was an exciting moment, one I'll never forget． ④I want to buy some apples, the ones that look fresh． ⑤The computers in your office are more expensive than those in our school． 【写成佳句】　完成句子 ⑥(应用文之观点态度)最大的快乐莫过于事业上的成功。 There's no greater happiness than that of succeeding in one's career． [课后分层练18] (时间：45分钟　满分：78．5分) Ⅰ．单词拼写(每小题1分，共8分) 1．Most people would agree that nuclear (核能的) science should be developed to benefit the human beings． 2．The astronauts (宇航员) were so struck by the beauty of nature that they took lots of pictures in space． 3．Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry．Within seconds, he'd slid down the trunk (树干) and was back on the ground． 4．The satellite, launched last month, orbits (环绕) Earth every 90 minutes． 5．Mary had struggled for months to find a job, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency (机构)． 6．In view of the rainy weather, the event will now be held indoors (在室内)． 7．The fierce (极端的) heatwave that hit the region last summer damaged crops, leading to serious loss． 8．Solar energy is a kind of clean fuel (燃料) that can be used to generate electricity． Ⅱ．单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin, so we should decrease the direct exposure to sunlight．(expose) 2．Experts advise consumers not to buy more groceries until they've already been consumed．This is called rational consumption．(consume) 3．Watching the terrifying horror movie alone left her terrified and unable to sleep for days．(terrify) 4．She's studying for her exams, and in the meantime, her friends are planning a surprise party for her． 5．Every monthly (month) exam helps us review what we've learned and see where we need to improve． 6．With the help of advanced (advance) technology, our school has introduced online learning platforms． 7．The hurricane wiped out the entire coastal village, leaving nothing but ruins behind． 8．She has learned to cope with her anxiety by participating in various entertaining activities． Ⅲ．完成句子(每小题2分，共10分) 1．我的梦想是成为一名医生。通过帮助有需要的人，我想真正改变人们的生活。 My dream is to become a doctor．By helping those in need, I can make a real difference in people's lives．(动词不定式作表语) 2．我高中英语老师的教学方法和我初中英语老师的教学方法截然不同。 The teaching method of my Senior English teacher is quite different from that of my Junior English teacher．(that用作替代词) 3．毫无疑问，学习一门新语言可能会很有挑战性，但也很值得。 There is no doubt that learning a new language can be challenging but rewarding．(that引导同位语从句) 4．她喜欢旅行和探索新文化，而她的丈夫则更喜欢待在家里。 She loves to travel and explore new cultures，while her husband prefers to stay at home．(while 连词，意为“而，然而”) 5．虽然理解中国诗歌有点困难，但读它们还是很有趣的。 Even though it is a little bit difficult to understand Chinese poems, it is interesting to read them．(Even though引导让步状语从句) Ⅳ．课文语法填空(每空1．5分，共15分) Today, environmental problems have become the 1greatest (great) risk to life on Earth．Scientists are thinking of ways 2to lower (lower) this risk, but they are also preparing for the worst．One option is 3to explore (explore) other planets to see if we could live on them．The most likely choice is Mars, which is 4relatively (relative) close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets．Mars 5has fascinated (fascinate) people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before．Since 6the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars．7Encouraged (encourage) by discoveries over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars 8that/which could take place within the next 25 years． There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home．However, 9sending (send) people there will require all the skill, courage and 10intelligence (intelligent) of the human race． For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away．Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own． Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2．5分，共10分) (2025山东济南高二上期末)For decades, Jean Moffatt has been reaching out over the airwaves．As an amateur radio operator, Moffatt has connected with people worldwide．“By sending signals to satellites, I've talked to people from the Arctic to the Antarctic，” Moffatt said．And on Wednesday at the Ontario Science Centre, the 96­year­old got to go even further． An amateur radio connection allowed the senior students to speak with Commander Luca aboard the International Space Station．By connection, Moffatt told the astronaut she was very excited, admitting that this was a bucket­list wish she had for many years．Then Moffatt asked if Luca could keep the space station clean and tidy, adding that as a “mature woman” she had done lots of cleaning in her life． When Moffatt was a young girl, she moved to Toronto with her family, hoping there would be chances for a girl interested in science．She desperately wanted to go to university, but moving house placed a significant burden on their finances．Not discouraged, she took a course in amateur radio, then a popular technology, and shortly after she got her licence．After retiring, Moffatt started volunteering at the Ontario Science Center．Armed with her radio licence, she helped set up the center's first radio shack (无线电设备室)． The idea to connect with the International Space Station came just after Moffatt's 36th birthday．Finally after 60 years with the help of amateur radio operators and NASA, Moffatt made her connection．While the connection wasn't very clear, she was moved to tears, telling those who had gathered to watch that it was the “highlight” of her life． Moffatt plans to keep volunteering at the center, introducing younger people to the older form of technology, and to keep speaking to anyone who can pick up her signal．“It's a technology even older than me and I love amateur radio，” Moffatt added． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了96岁的业余无线电爱好者Jean Moffatt通过无线电与国际空间站实现通话，达成毕生梦想的故事。 1．What can we learn about Moffatt from the first two paragraphs? A．She attempted an Internet talk． B．She was an environmentalist． C．She was into space exploration． D．She achieved a lifetime goal． 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段的内容可知，Moffatt通过业余无线电与世界各地的人联系，并且在96岁时通过业余无线电与国际空间站的宇航员进行了对话，这是她多年来的愿望。通过前两段我们可以了解到Moffatt实现了毕生的梦想。故选D。 2．Why did Moffatt and her family move to Toronto? A．To pursue a radio licence． B．To seek better opportunities． C．To attend a radio school． D．To survive financial troubles． 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话 “When Moffatt was a young girl, she moved to Toronto with her family, hoping there would be chances for a girl interested in science．”可知，Moffatt和她的家人搬到多伦多是为了寻求更好的机会。故选B。 3．What does Moffatt plan to do further? A．Promote radio communication． B．Continue her passion for radio． C．Start her radio shack business． D．Acquire new scientific ability． 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Moffatt plans to keep volunteering at the center, introducing younger people to the older form of technology, and to keep speaking to anyone who can pick up her signal．”可知，Moffatt将继续她对无线电的热情。故选B。 4．Which of the following can best describe Moffatt? A．Creative and ambitious． B．Out­spoken and energetic． C．Passionate and determined． D．Broad­minded and generous． 解析：选C。推理判断题。Moffatt从小就对科学感兴趣，尽管经济困难，她没有放弃，而是学习无线电技术并获得了执照。退休后，她继续在科学中心做志愿者，并且实现了与国际空间站通话的梦想。这些都表明她是一个充满热情且有决心的人。故选C。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2．5分，共12．5分) (2025·湖北部分高中高二上期末)There's one thing for certain—we're all getting older．And while the older among us may be no spring chickens any more, growing old gracefully is no bad thing．1( ) However, as the world population ages, will there be enough people to replace our younger selves? A situation where there are more old people than young certainly has an effect on the world．2( ) According to it, globally the number of people over 65 years old will triple (增至三倍) by 2050, greatly changing some countries' demographic make­up (人口组成)． This growing and dependent population means that there is an increased demand for health and social care．Governments will struggle to provide satisfactory pensions (养老金), which are ultimately funded by taxes paid by the working population．And long­term, a smaller population of economically­active people may be a problem for companies trying to employ staff． 3( ) The Pew Research Center survey found that 87% of Japanese people were most concerned about it, while only 26% of people from the USA were anxious about it．Here, immigration is helping to boost the younger workforce．Some countries thought the elderly should take care of themselves, while others thought it was the responsibility of the family．Many thought the government should be responsible． But old age shouldn't just be seen negatively．4( ) Some have wealth which they can spend helping the economy．Some have the passion to help society by doing voluntary or charity work．5( ) These include increasing the retirement age, encouraging people to save for the future, persuading skilled and educated migrants to fill labour shortages, or even convincing people to have more children． A．A report was made by the Pew Research Center． B．Of course, solutions are needed to solve the issue． C．Therefore, an ageing population leads to improvements that benefit all age groups． D．Elderly people have knowledge and experience they can pass on． E．With age comes wisdom． F．Attitudes to an ageing population vary around the world． G．The ageing population presents an opportunity for economic diversification (多元化)． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人口老龄化这一现象以及其带来的好处和挑战。 1．解析：选E。根据上文“And while the older among us may be no spring chickens any more, growing old gracefully is no bad thing．”以及下文“However, as the world population ages, will there be enough people to replace our younger selves？”可以推断出此处需要一个承上启下的句子。E项“随着年龄的增长而来的是智慧。”既总结了上文的观点，又引出了下文关于人口老龄化的讨论。故选E。 2．解析：选A。下文提到“According to it．．．”，这里的 “it”显然是指某个报告或研究。A项“皮尤研究中心做了一个报告。”符合语境，说明了信息的来源。故选A。 3．解析：选F。下文提到皮尤研究中心的调查结果显示不同国家对人口老龄化的担忧程度不同。F项“对老龄化人口的态度因国家而异。”概括了这一内容，为下文的具体数据提供了铺垫。故选F。 4．解析：选D。上文提到老年人不应该只被看作是负面的。而下文则列举了一些老年人可以做出的积极贡献。D项“老年人有他们可以传授的知识和经验。”连接了这两部分内容，说明了老年人有其独特的价值和作用。故选D。 5．解析：选B。下文列举了一些解决人口老龄化问题的方案，如提高退休年龄、鼓励储蓄等。B项“当然，需要解决方案来解决这个问题。”引出了这些方案，表明作者已经认识到问题的严重性，并提出了相应的解决思路。故选B。 Ⅲ．完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·福建厦门外国语学校高二上期中)Green design is the creation of energy­efficient buildings which are flexible and designed for long life．It should have a minimal 1 on the environment, both in terms of products and materials 2 in the construction and in the functionality of the building． A sustainable design should always 3 to merge (融合) together 4 outcomes throughout the whole life­cycle of the building．If a building can adapt over generations and still remain environmentally friendly, it is truly 5 ．This is what is at the 6 of sustainable design, the ability to 7 changes through time． Designing for the future is a key part of design, and is of particular importance in green design．How the space will 8 for its original purpose and how it could be used in the future are equally essential to this 9 ． What's more, sustainable building considers whether a space can be used for 10 purposes at different periods during its lifetime．Meanwhile, factors such as how easy the space can be 11 and retrofitted (翻新), and 12 the impact the building will have on the environment will make it more sustainable． Green design can often be viewed as a(n) 13 concept, but it is actually simple．It means creating products that last longer and use 14 resources in order to help us create a more sustainable world for future generations．Green design is 15 for society, businesses and the environment． [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了绿色设计(可持续设计)的理念，包括其含义、重点，以及它对社会、企业和环境的意义。 1． A．balance B．focus C．investment D．impact 解析：选D。绿色设计理念应该对环境产生最小的影响(impact)。故选D。 2． A．wasted B．collected C．used D．distributed 解析：选C。无论是在建筑中使用(used)的产品和材料方面，还是在建筑的功能方面。故选C。 3． A．happen B．seek C．refuse D．pretend 解析：选B。可持续设计应该在建筑的整个生命周期中始终寻求(seek)将环境优先的结果融合在一起。故选B。 4． A．user­oriented B．financially­supported C．environmentally­preferred D．data­based 解析：选C。可持续设计理念是指对环境产生最小的影响，故其应该在建筑的整个生命周期中始终寻求将环境优先的(environmentally­preferred)结果融合在一起。故选C。 5． A．sustainable B．popular C．attractive D．different 解析：选A。如果一座建筑能够经过几代人的改造而仍然保持环保，那么它就是真正的可持续(sustainable)建筑。故选A。 6． A．expense B．risk C．crossroads D．core 解析：选D。这就是可持续设计的核心(core)，随着时间的推移而适应变化的能力。故选D。 7． A．adjust to B．refer to C．stick to D．contribute to 解析：选A。那么它就是真正的可持续建筑，即可持续设计的核心是随着时间的推移，不断适应(adjust to)变化的能力。故选A。 8． A．remain B．expand C．function D．account 解析：选C。这一概念中，空间如何发挥原有功能(function)以及未来如何利用空间同样重要。故选C。 9． A．project B．concept C．debate D．program 解析：选B。在绿色设计中这个概念(concept)中，面向未来的设计是设计的关键部分，其具体体现在空间将如何发挥原有功能以及在未来如何使用，二者同样重要。故选B。 10．A．original B．recreational C．similar D．multiple 解析：选D。更重要的是，可持续建筑考虑的是一个空间是否可以在其生命周期的不同时期用于多种(multiple)目的。故选D。 11．A．measured B．cleared C．changed D．designed 解析：选C。同时，诸如空间的改变(changed)和翻新的容易程度，and连接两个近义词。故选C。 12．A．lessening B．predicting C．managing D．judging 解析：选A。减少(lessening)建筑对环境的影响的因素，才能实现建筑物的可持续性。故选A。 13．A．precise B．complicated C．confusing D．imaginative 解析：选B。绿色设计通常被视为一个复杂的(complicated)概念，但实际上它很简单。故选B。 14．A．extra B．rarer C．local D．fewer 解析：选D。这意味着创造更耐用、使用更少(fewer)资源的产品，以帮助我们为子孙后代创造一个更可持续的世界。故选D。 15．A．difficult B．beneficial C．affordable D．available 解析：选B。绿色设计对社会、企业和环境都有好处(beneficial)。故选B。 Section Ⅳ　Writing—Writing a survival story 本单元的写作任务是写一个有关生存的故事。该类作文以叙述事件为主，写作时要注意把记叙文的六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。文章的末尾可以发表自己的感悟、感想。 Ⅰ．谨记写作范式 Ⅱ．积累话题素材 [常用词汇] ①set off for a place 动身去一个地方 ②an unforgettable experience 一次难忘的经历 ③look back on the past 回望过去 ④remind me of the event 让我想起那件事 ⑤show our determination 表明我们的决心 ⑥be worth having a try 值得一试 ⑦feel nervous 感到紧张 ⑧make it out of the woods 走出树林 ⑨encounter a terrifying situation 遇到可怕的情况 ⑩feel a sense of despair 感到绝望 [出彩佳句] 1．故事发生的背景 ①I did have an unforgettable experience when I was a child． 当我还是孩子的时候，确实有过一次难忘的经历。 ②Last week, my friends and I went on a camping journey in the woods, and we went through an unforgettable adventure． 上周，我和朋友们在树林里露营，我们经历了一次难忘的冒险。 2．讲述求生经过 ①When I came to myself，I found I was lying in bed in the hospital． 当我苏醒的时候，我发现我躺在医院的床上。 ②When I just went to the middle of the street，a car suddenly appeared and came directly toward me． 当我到了路中间的时候，一辆小汽车突然出现，直接冲我开过来。 ③Hearing the cry，I immediately rushed to the bank and jumped into the water without taking off my clothes． 听到哭声，我立即冲到岸边，连衣服都没脱就跳进了水里。 3．表达个人感悟 This experience let me understand that we should learn to face difficulties bravely and taste the ups and downs of life． 这段经历让我明白，我们应该学会勇敢面对困难，体味人生的酸甜苦辣。 你校英语俱乐部正在开展主题为“A Survival Story”的故事大赛，请你用英语写一个求生故事参赛。要点包括： 1．面临的困境； 2．求生的经过。 注意：1．词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Step 1　审题谋篇·定框架 定人称 以第一人称为主 定时态 以一般过去时为主 定框架 第一部分：交代故事发生的背景； 第二部分：讲述求生经过； 第三部分：表达个人感悟。 Step 2　要点翻译·用佳句 1．上周，当我和朋友们在树林里露营时，我们从未想过会遇到如此可怕的情况。 When my friends and I set out on a camping journey in the woods last week, we never expected to encounter such a terrifying situation． 2．我们徒步旅行时突然遭遇暴风雨。 A sudden storm occurred during our hike． 3．我们的背包找不到了。 Our backpacks were nowhere to be found． [升级]请用并列复合句合并句2和句3 A sudden storm occurred during our hike, and our backpacks were nowhere to be found． 4．由于迷路了，缺少食物和水，我们感到绝望。 As we were lost and lacked food and water, we felt a sense of despair． [升级]用形容词和分词短语作状语改写句4 Lost and lacking food and water, we felt a sense of despair． 5．利用电视上展示的生存技能，我们搭建了一个庇护处，生火，并找到了水源。 Using survival skills shown on TV, we constructed a shelter, built a fire, and found a source of water． [升级]用高级词汇draw upon, locate升级句5 Drawing upon survival skills shown on TV, we constructed a shelter, built a fire, and located a source of water． 6．暴风雨过后，我们终于在日落前走出了树林。 After the storm passed, we successfully made it out of the woods before sunset． 7．尽管筋疲力尽，我们活了下来。 Though we were exhausted, we survived． [升级]用状语从句的省略形式改写句7 Though exhausted, we survived． 8．这个经历告诉我们为任何情况做好准备的重要性。 This experience taught us the importance of being prepared for any situation． Step 3　连句成篇·达美文 When my friends and I set out on a camping journey in the woods last week, we never expected to encounter such a terrifying situation． A sudden storm occurred during our hike, and our backpacks were nowhere to be found．Lost and lacking food and water, we felt a sense of despair．However, we knew we had no others to rely on．Drawing upon survival skills shown on TV, we constructed a shelter, built a fire, and located a source of water．After the storm passed, we successfully made it out of the woods before sunset．Though exhausted, we survived． This experience taught us the importance of being prepared for any situation． 主题：应对压力 人物 描写 ①greedy 　　　　 adj．贪婪的，贪心的；渴望的 ②optimistic adj．乐观的；乐观主义的 ③firefighter n．消防队员 ④newcomer 　　 n．新来者 ⑤hiker n．徒步旅行者，远足者 动作 描写 ①appreciate v．欣赏；赏识；感激，感谢 ②restrict v．限制，控制；约束 ③wipe v．擦，拭，揩 ④cope with 应付 ⑤get rid of 摆脱，除去 ⑥wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭 环境 描写 ①seaside adj．海滨的 n．海边 ②hostile adj．(生长环境)恶劣的 ③dust n．沙土，尘土 ④suburb n．郊区；城郊 ⑤urban adj．城镇的，城市的 ⑥heat wave 酷热期，热浪期 [语段情景用]　生活在城市地区，当你感到压力时，你如何应对？走进大自然，参与环保活动…… Living in urban areas，when you feel stressed，how will you face (用本单元词汇替换黑体词汇：1．cope with) it? When I felt down as a result of working pressure last month，I often 2．went to the suburb (去郊区) as a hiker to 3．get rid of my pressure (摆脱压力) after work．4．Exposed (expose) to the blue sky and fresh air，I took a deep breath and enjoyed nature．During the hike，I 5．appreciated whatever I could see (欣赏我所能看到的一切)，which 6．wiped out (消除) my stress．In the meantime，I often took an active part in environmental protection activities．I am now 7．optimistic about (对……乐观) life and work and have made great progress in my work，which inspires me to go ahead． 单元过关检测卷(六) [Unit 6] (满分：120分　时间：100分钟) 第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2．5分，满分37．5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2025·浙江温州高二上期末) Ololo Farm Tour If you're looking to escape from the noise of city life, the Ololo Farm Tour package in Kenya will offer the perfect day for families and groups． Discover the secret of our farming practices, see firsthand how our fresh produce is grown and harvested daily, and gain insight into the journey from field to fork．You will also enjoy visiting our greenhouses, where you can identify various herbs, vegetables, and seasonal fruits． Ololo features its environmentally­friendly farming techniques, including the production of our organic fertilizer “Ololo Worm Tea”．100% of kitchen and food waste is either fed to the Ololo chickens or for fertilizer use in the farm．We are passionate about farming in balance with nature and regenerating the environment in which we are able to grow the most nutritious food, from our farm to your table! At Ololo, we prepare set menus for the day based on what is fresh and seasonal in our farm．All chicken and duck meat is grown at Ololo as well as our fresh flavoured eggs．A day visit includes a 2­course lunch, a guided walk on the farm, and use of the pool． Opening Hours Making reservations in advance is a must．There are two options daily every Monday to Saturday: morning tour then lunch or lunch then afternoon tour． Price Kids under 5 ＄11/ person Kids aged 5－16 ＄19/ person People aged 16＋ ＄30/ person 　　Contact as now Email: info@olololodge．com Phone: ＋254 708844818 [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了Ololo农场的旅游套餐信息。 1．What can visitors do on the Ololo farm? A．Help with the field work． B．Learn about farming practices． C．Grow vegetables and fruits． D．Harvest herbs in the greenhouse． 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Discover the secret of our farming practices, see firsthand how our fresh produce is grown and harvested daily, and gain insight into the journey from field to fork．”可知，游客可以在Ololo农场了解耕作方法。故选B。 2．What is special about the Ololo farm? A．It requires no booking． B．It offers a farm­to­table cooking class． C．It uses natural fertilizers． D．It serves meals with imported produce． 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Ololo features its environmentally­friendly farming techniques, including the production of our organic fertilizer ‘Ololo Worm Tea’．”可知，Ololo农场的特别之处在于它使用天然肥料。故选C。 3．How much will a couple with a child aged 13 pay for the tour? A．＄49． B．＄60． C．＄79． D．＄90． 解析：选C。细节理解题。由文章Price部分“People aged 16＋”“＄30/person”和“Kids aged 5－16”“＄19/person”可知，16岁以上的人每人30美元，5－16岁的孩子每人19美元，因此一对夫妇和一个13岁的孩子共需支付30＋30＋19＝79 (美元)。故选C。 B (2025·河北保定高二上期末)Jeanne Baret may not be as well­known as other explorers, but as the first woman to sail around the globe in the late 18th century, her achievements were no less remarkable． Baret did not set out to be an explorer．She was born in July 1740 in a rural village in the Burgundy region of France．Her father was an uneducated laborer, and her mother was devoted to raising the family．It is widely believed that Baret had little, if any, formal education．Despite this, she was locally recognized for her expertise in herbalism (草药学) and was known as “the herb woman”． In 1765, Commerson, the famous botanist and naturalist from Burgundy, was invited to join a round­the­world expedition led by a French Navy officer and explorer．Baret was hired to assist comments on in the categorization of his plant specimens (标本)．At that time, women were banned from serving aboard French naval ships．The most widely accepted story is that Baret, dressed as a man, managed to board the ship． The ship sailed from Nantes to Rio de Janeiro in 1766, then to Montevideo where they collected plant specimens．The ship then went south through the Strait of Magellan and reached Tahiti．It is believed that Baret's true identity was revealed there but she remained on board nevertheless to continue her scientific work．Her careful documentation of up to 6，000 plant species, some of which were previously unknown to science, significantly enriched the botanical knowledge of the era． This was not just a journey around the world; it was an expedition that reshaped perceptions (看法) of women's capabilities and roles in scientific discovery and adventure． [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了18世纪晚期首位环球航行的女性探险家Jeanne Baret的生平和成就。 4．What do we know about Jeanne Baret's early life? A．She came from a well­off family． B．She was naturally curious in exploration． C．She gained recognition for caring patients． D．She hardly got any schooling． 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Her father was an uneducated laborer, and her mother was devoted to raising the family．It is widely believed that Baret had little, if any, formal education．”可知，Jeanne Baret几乎没有受过任何教育。故选D。 5．What is Baret's barrier to joining the voyage? A．Female identity． B．Lack of working experience． C．Poor physical strength． D．Limited knowledge． 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At that time, women were banned from serving aboard French naval ships．”可知，Baret加入这次航行遇到的障碍是她的女性身份。故选A。 6．What impact did the expedition have on society at that time? A．It promoted French naval reform in many aspects． B．It confirmed women's role in scientific discovery and adventure． C．It diversified the local plant species and enriched the botanical knowledge． D．It changed people's views on women's ability and role in scientific exploration． 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段“This was not just a journey around the world; it was an expedition that reshaped perceptions (看法) of women's capabilities and roles in scientific discovery and adventure．”可知，这次探险改变了人们对女性在科学探索中的能力和角色的看法。故选D。 7．Which of the following can best describe Baret? A．Reliable and skillful． B．Capable and careful． C．Gifted and determined． D．Ambitious and cooperative． 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Despite this, she was locally recognized for her expertise in herbalism (草药学) and was known as ‘the herb woman’．”可知，Baret在草药学方面有天赋；根据第三段中的“The most widely accepted story is that Baret, dressed as a man, managed to board the ship．”可知，为了参加这次探险，Baret克服了重重困难，装扮成男人登上了船，这说明她很坚定。故选C。 C (2025·浙江温州高二上期中)I first realized that plastic was a serious matter for our planet during my travel in Western Australia．One day about 12 years ago, I stopped at a supermarket along the Coral Bay coast to buy some groceries．But the lady at the counter told me that the supermarket didn't sell any shopping bags to prevent plastic in the ocean and help preserve the endangered turtles (海龟) living in that area．After a first reaction of surprise, I gathered all purchases in my arms and left, reflecting on what I had been told． The experience in that trip made me more conscious about my impact and pushed me to adopt various habits to travel and live more sustainably．For example, I always carried a cotton bag when I went shopping． My travel to Indonesia was another life­changing experience that strengthened my determination to turn to a zero­waste lifestyle．In Indonesia, finding safe drinkable water was always a challenge, so I traveled with my water bottle, managing to avoid almost entirely the use of plastic during my trip． However, I was seriously struck by my stay on the Libaran Island, where a sustainable and turtle conservation project was launched 10 years ago．Despite the big efforts by the project staff and the community in cleaning up the beaches and creatively reusing plastic, the shore was washed daily with tons of plastic coming from the tides．Walking on a carpet of plastic that almost prevented me from seeing the beach underneath was quite shocking． Facing this global issue in person, I felt a sense of sadness and anger that soon turned into determination—to do as much as possible to reduce plastic in my life．Sometimes we might feel helpless in front of big problems, but we should be aware that small changes could actually make a difference step by step! [语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者从自己的亲身经历中意识到了塑料对地球的严重影响，并下定决心在生活中努力减少塑料的使用，作者相信小小的改变也能产生大的影响。 8．How does the author lead in the topic of the text? A．By reflecting on the present life． B．By looking into the future environment． C．By introducing the previous achievements． D．By recalling the past shopping experience． 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I first realized that plastic was a serious matter for our planet during my travel in Western Australia．”和下文举例可知，第一段首先讲述了作者在西澳大利亚旅行时意识到了塑料的严重性，并具体描述了作者购物时的经历，由此可推测出，作者通过回忆过去的一个经历来引出了本文主题。故选D。 9．What did the author decide to do after the trip about 12 years ago? A．Cut back on travel． B．Shop less frequently． C．Lead a green life． D．Rurify drinking water． 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The experience in that trip made me more conscious about my impact and pushed me to adopt various habits to travel and live more sustainably．”可知，那次旅行促使作者养成可持续旅行和生活的习惯，由此可推测出，作者决定过绿色生活。故选C。 10．What do we know about the project in Paragraph 4? A．It had no clear goal． B．It didn't work out very well． C．It met the islanders' needs． D．It was aimed to prevent turtle attacks． 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“．．．the shore was washed daily with tons of plastic coming from the tides．Walking on a carpet of plastic that almost prevented me from seeing the beach underneath was quite shocking．”可知，海岸每日被潮汐带来的大量塑料垃圾冲刷，由此可推测出，这个计划进展得并不顺利。故选B。 11．What does the author think of the plastic problem? A．It is demanding． B．It is manageable． C．It is easy to solve． D．It's lacking in attention． 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“．．．I felt a sense of sadness and anger that soon turned into determination—to do as much as possible to reduce plastic in my life．．．we should be aware that small changes could actually make a difference step by step！”可知，面对塑料问题，作者决定尽可能地减少自己生活中的塑料使用，而且作者相信微小的改变也可以一步步产生影响。由此可推测出，作者认为塑料问题是可以应对的。故选B。 D (2025·重庆七校高二上期末)China aims to set up a long­term human base camp on the moon．For this, scientists are developing innovative techniques to build structures on the moon, using materials found on the lunar surface．Since it's not feasible to load all construction materials from earth, researchers are investigating methods to make the most of the easily available local materials． Researchers at Huazhong University of Science and Technology are creating bricks from artificial lunar soil and these bricks will be sent to the Tiangong Space Station for testing．The performance of the bricks will be evaluated in space to determine if they can bear extreme conditions and are suitable for building a lunar research outpost．The samples will go through a three­year experiment on the space station to assess their durability under radiation and temperature variations．“We can bake the bricks to a strength of 100 megapascals (兆帕) here on earth, which is much harder than concrete．” Ding Lieyun from the university, told CCTV．Despite this testing, he highlighted that more research is required to determine if the bricks could bear the moon's extreme conditions． According to reports, the artificial lunar soil is almost identical to real lunar soil in composition, although each sample has slight variations in the ingredients．China has bold plans to build an International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) near the moon's south pole by 2035．The base could be constructed using bricks made from lunar soil．Robots could be used to integrate the bricks into the structures shaped in various forms, such as an egg­shaped “lunar pot vessel”．Some construction parts of the research station could be 3D­printed on the moon． However, it will not be a straightforward process．The lunar surface presents unique challenges, including the lack of water, low gravity, and frequent moonquakes．Ding and the team expect that the first brick made from real lunar soil will be produced during China's Chang'e­8 mission in 2028． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国计划利用月球表面材料在月球建立长期人类基地。 12．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a new program． B．To describe the future of lunar exploration． C．To report on the development of lunar­soil bricks． D．To explain the difficulties of building on the moon． 解析：选C。主旨大意题。文章的主要内容是中国科学家正在开发利用月壤制造砖块的技术，并计划在太空站进行测试，以评估其是否适合用于建造月球基地。因此，文章的主要目的是报告关于月壤砖的开发情况，而不是介绍一个新项目(A)、描述月球探索的未来(B)或解释在月球上建造的困难(D)。故选C。 13．What does the underlined word “feasible” in the first paragraph probably mean? A．Possible． B．Difficult． C．Impossible． D．Necessary． 解析：选A。词义猜测题。根据下文“．．．researchers are investigating methods to make the most of the easily available local materials”可知研究人员正在研究如何充分利用当地容易获得的材料的方法，由此可推断，从地球装载所有建筑材料到月球是不太可能实现的事情。feasible意为“可能的”，与“Possible”为近义词。故选A。 14．Which of the following is TRUE about the artificial lunar soil? A．It is exactly the same as real lunar soil． B．It is completely different from real lunar soil． C．It has no difference in composition in each sample． D．It is similar to real lunar soil but with slight variations． 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to reports, the artificial lunar soil is almost identical to real lunar soil in composition, although each sample has slight variations in the ingredients．”可知，人工月壤在成分上几乎与真实月壤相同，不过每个样本的成分存在细微差别。故选D。 15．What can we infer from the passage? A．Building a moon base is very easy． B．The lunar­soil bricks have passed all the tests． C．More research is needed with lunar­soil bricks． D．China has already built an International Lunar Research Station． 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Despite this testing, he highlighted that more research is required to determine if the bricks could bear the moon's extreme conditions．”和最后一段中的“However, it will not be a straightforward process．The lunar surface presents unique challenges, including the lack of water, low gravity, and frequent moonquakes．”可知，还需要更多研究。故选C。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2．5分，满分12．5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2025·山东聊城高二上期末)Finding a bird scared after striking a window can be a surprising and heartbreaking experience．16( ) Observe the bird The advice is that any bird that has collided with a window should be seen by a rehabber (康复师)．Most window­collision birds will have some degree of eye injury．17( ) Even if they can fly away and do not look injured, some 70% of birds that have collided with glass will not recover themselves if they are not treated． Get a bird to a rehabber Approach the bird slowly from behind and gently capture it in your hands, with a bag prepared nearby．Some birds will be so surprised that they won't even notice; others will shock and scream and may try to escape．However, this is a fear response．18( ) For smaller birds, the best “ambulance” is a paper bag, like a lunch bag or a small paper shopping bag．Birds may still flap around inside, and the paper is soft enough that they won't further injure themselves like they might if they are in a hard cardboard box or animal carrier．You can poke a few holes in the bag, though it is not necessary if the bird is not going to be inside for more than a few hours．19( ) Absolutely do not give the bird water or food． If you can't get to a rehabber If you absolutely cannot take the bird to a wildlife rehabber, keep the bird safe from predators and see if it will try to fly away in a bit．After the shock of the collision, a dark, quiet place can be helpful．So consider putting the bird in a bag or box and letting it restore for a while．After 30 minutes or so, take the bag or box as far away as possible from your home and other structures．20( ) If it doesn't, close the box back up and open it every 15 minutes until the bird is strong enough to achieve takeoff． A．Many birds will also have brain injuries． B．A box may be suitable for larger birds． C．A big box is the best choice for them． D．Open the box to allow the bird to fly out． E．It is an indication that they are hungry． F．It is not a sign that they are not injured． G．However, a little love and protection could help． [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们应该如何帮助撞上窗户受伤的鸟儿。 16．解析：选G。根据上文“Finding a bird scared after striking a window can be a surprising and heartbreaking experience．”和下文列举的具体方法可知，虽然这是一次令人心碎的经历，但采取点措施就可以帮助它们。故选G。 17．解析：选A。根据上文“Most window­collision birds will have some degree of eye injury．”可知，大多数撞窗的鸟儿的眼睛会受伤。A项中的also与上文构成递进关系，也是描述撞窗的鸟儿的受伤情况。故选A。 18．解析：选F。根据上文“Some birds will be so surprised that they won't even notice; others will shock and scream and may try to escape．However, this is a fear response．”可知，有的鸟会震惊和尖叫并试图逃跑，这是害怕的反应。F项与上文构成对比关系，逃跑是因为害怕，并不表示它们没有受伤。故选F。 19．解析：选B。根据上文“For smaller birds, the best ‘ambulance’ is a paper bag, like a lunch bag or a small paper shopping bag．”可知，上文讲述了对于体形较小的鸟类，最好的“救护车”是纸袋，B项承接上文，讲述可以使用盒子救助体型较大的鸟，符合语境。故选B。 20．解析：选D。根据下文“If it doesn't, close the box back up and open it every 15 minutes until the bird is strong enough to achieve takeoff．”可知，上下表示相反的关系，表示对比，下文讲鸟不能飞的情况，空处应是对应讲鸟可以飞的情况。故选D。 第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Four Colombian children sur$