Unit 4 Folk customs 一般现在时的被动语态（核心语法精练）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级上册

**基本信息** 以“概念-结构-转换-考点”为逻辑链，系统构建一般现在时被动语态方法体系，通过分层训练提升语言应用与思维转换能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|1表格|核心结构（am/is/are+done）、主动变被动四步法、三大考点（不及物无被动、to还原、短语动词不拆分）|概念对比→结构解析→转换步骤→考点突破| |考点夯基|55题|填空练结构、单选练语境、转换练句式|基础应用→易错辨析→综合转换| |综合提升|2篇短文（10题）|语篇中语法运用|单句应用→语篇整合|

Unit 4 Folk customs 核心语法精练 （一般现在时被动语态） 目录 二、考点夯基 2 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 2 二、单项选择 3 三、完成句子 5 四、句型转换 6 6 一、语法选择 6 一般现在时被动语态 概念 被动语态：句子主语是动作的承受者（被……）； 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。 主动：We clean the classroom. 我们打扫教室。 被动：The classroom is cleaned. 教室被打扫。 核心结构 肯定句 am /is/are + 动词过去分词 (done) am → 主语 I is → 主语单数名词 / 不可数名词 /he/she/it are → 主语复数 /you 否定句 am / is / are + not + done The room is not cleaned every day. 一般疑问句 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + done …? Is the room cleaned every day? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + done …? Where is the news reported? 主动变被动步骤 主动宾语 → 被动主语 主动主语 → 放介词 by 之后（可省略） 谓语改为：am/is/are + 过去分词 时态保持一般现在时 例句： People grow rice.（主动） → Rice is grown (by people).（被动） by 的用法 by + 动作执行者，不强调执行者时可以省略。 These bikes are made by workers. 考点 1.不及物动词无被动 happen, appear, take place, rise 等不能用于被动语态 ❌ An accident was happened. ✅ An accident happened. 2.“to”还原！ 在主动语态中，使役动词（make/let/have）和感官动词（see/hear/watch）后接宾语补足语时，会省略 to 直接用动词原形；但转换成被动语态后，原本省略的 to 一定要补回来，形成 be + 过去分词 + to do 的结构。 They make me work. → I am made to work. I saw him enter the room. → He was seen to enter the room. 3.短语动词不能拆分 We take care of the trees. → The trees are taken care of.（介词 of 不能丢） 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．His advice is still ________ (follow) by modern musicians. 2．The two towns are closely ________ (link) by a new railway. 3．Lots of national heroes ________ (remember) by us forever. 4．We are ________ (inspire) by his spirit of never giving up. 5．The truth is often ________ (mistake) by people around the world. 6．Lots of traditional songs ________ (enjoy) by visitors in the music museum every day. 7．Lots of information ____________ (share) on social media now. 8．Thousands of connections ________ (make) online every day. 9．Many young people ________ (encourage) by his book to chase their dreams. 10．Many new kinds of balloons ________ (produce) in this factory every year. 11．The object ________ (design) on the computer first. 12．The magazine ________ (publish) every month. 13．We are deeply ________ (move) by his deeds. 14．The old track is ________ (cover) with dirt now. 15．Lots of trees ________ (plant) every year in our city. 二、单项选择。 16．You can’t go home________your homework ________. A．unless; finished B．if; finished C．if; is finished D．unless; is finished 17．This piece of music ________ one of the greatest musical works. A．considers B．considered C．is considered D．was considered 18．This is the advice that ________ by musicians today. A．follow B．follows C．is followed D．was followed 19．—Will you go to the literature salon?   —I won’t go unless I ________. A．will invite B．will be invited C．invite D．am invited 20．—Our school holds a “National Day Handicraft Show” every year. —That’s true. Many wonderful works ________ by students every October. A．are made B．were made C．have made D．will make 21．The universe ________ with stars. A．fills B．is filled C．will be filled D．has filled 22．According to the school rules, students ________ use mobile phones during class time. A．aren’t allowed to B．don’t allow C．won’t allow D．weren’t allowed 23．The book The Dawn of Everything ________ by millions of readers around the world every year. A．reads B．read C．is read D．was read 24．All the ingredients ________ and boiled before being cut up. A．mix B．are mixed C．mixed D．were mixing 25．— Look at the model of the moon base. — Wow! It ________ of materials that can stand the cold. A．makes B．is made C．made D．was made 26．More astronauts ________ to Tiangong Space Station every year. A．send B．are sent C．sent D．were sent 27．Lots of useful inventions ________ every year to make our life easier. A．create B．are created C．created D．were created 28．—Do you know if Tom ________ all the puzzles within 40 minutes? —I’m afraid he can’t. If he ________ another ten minutes, he will finish them. A．solves; will give B．will solve; is given C．will solve; will give D．solves; is given 29．You won’t have trouble ________ the task if extra attention ________ to every small step. A．solving; is paid B．to solve; pays C．solving; will pay D．with solving; will be paid 30．The old tradition ________ deep in the hearts of local people for hundreds of years. A．roots B．is rooted C．rooted D．was rooting 31．The bare mountains ________ with wild grass, but now they ________ with fruit trees. A．used to cover；are covered B．were used to covering；are covered C．used to be covered；are covered D．were used to be covered；covered 32．—Where ________ this kind of tea ________? —In many different areas in China. A．is; produced B．does; produce C．was; produced D．did; produce 33．This kind of bike ________ in China, but it sells well all over the world. A．produces B．produced C．is produced D．was producing 34．The spirit of sports ________ widely by young people all over the world now. A．celebrates B．celebrated C．is celebrated D．was celebrated 35．As teenagers, when we ________ at school, we should be brave enough to ________ our rights instead of keeping silent. A．bully; stand out B．are bullied; stand out C．are bullied; stand up for D．bullying; stand up for 三、完成句子。 36．思维导图在我们的英语课上被广泛使用。 Mind maps ________ ________ ________ in our English class. 37．在你退房前，确定没有任何东西落在房间里。 Make sure nothing ________ ________ ________ in the hotel room before you check out. 38．他的作品受到广大观众的喜爱。 His work is ________ by a wide ________. 39．这部电影是基于一个真实的故事。 This film is ________ on a true story. 40．老师们因他们的耐心和善良而受到尊重。 Teachers ________ ________ for their patience and kindness. 41．当地居民的生活被肯尼亚旅游业的快速发展所影响。 Local people’s lives ________ ________ ________ the fast development of tourism in Kenya. 42．汉字被认为是一种巨大的美的源泉。 Chinese characters are ________ to be a source of great ________. 43．据认为，如果有水，就可能有外星生命。 It ________ ________ that if there is water, there might be alien life. 44．这条围巾是手工制作的。 This scarf is ________ ________ ________ . 45．学生们被告知不要浪费食物。 The students ________ ________ not to waste food. 四、句型转换。 46．People still listen to his music today.（改为被动语态） His music ________ still ________ ________ by people today. 47．Lots of teenagers enjoy reading short stories.（改为被动语态） Reading short stories ________ ________ by lots of teenagers. 48．Many teenagers admire this great actress. (改为被动语态) This great actress ________ ________ by many teenagers. 49．Pollution affects all living things on Earth.（改为被动语态） All living things on Earth ________ ________ by pollution. 50．People consider bamboo a great natural material.（改为被动语态） Bamboo ________ ________ a great natural material by people. 51．People call the machine Smart Cook. (改为被动语态) The machine ________ ________ Smart Cook. 52．The girl inspires many young people. (改为被动语态) Many young people ________ ________ by the girl. 53．Many young people show interest in brush art.（改为被动语态） Interest in brush art ________ ________ by many young people. 54．Hard work brings out people’s creativity.(改为被动语态) People’s creativity ________ ________ out by hard work. 55．Mr. Wilson allows the boys to play football on the playground after class.  (改为被动语态) The boys ________ ________ to play football on the playground after class. 一、语法选择 根据短文内容，从选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 The history of making pottery (陶器) in Yanshantou, Hubei Province dates back to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Since then, people 56 developing pottery-making skills for thousands of years. In the 1960s and 1970s, many families produced pottery. Now, Yu Dahua is 57 last pottery master there. Yu loved pottery from an early age and started learning it in the 1990s. He often wondered how he 58 carry forward this ancient skill better. His father once said, “People won’t be able to find pots like ours 59 we fail to pass the skill down.” These words touched him deeply, so he has practiced hard for ten years. 60 challenging craft it is! The process includes more than ten steps, and each step requires 61 , hard work and excellent skills. The firing step can last a whole night, but Yu always stays awake and watches over it carefully. By now, his skills have improved. Many of his works 62 at local exhibitions and are highly praised. Yu often says, “It’s important for 63 to pass down this ancient skill.” He plans 64 more time teaching children about pottery making. He believes that 65 more people joining in, the tradition will continue to live and breathe. Yu’s story connects the past and future through his traditional skills. 56．A．keep B．have kept C．will keep 57．A．a B．an C．the 58．A．might B．could C．must 59．A．if B．until C．unless 60．A．How B．What C．What a 61．A．patient B．patience C．patiently 62．A．show B．are shown C．are showing 63．A．we B．us C．our 64．A．spend B．spending C．to spend 65．A．with B．in C．at 根据短文内容，从选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Archimedes, a legendary genius from ancient Greece, once received a challenging request from the king. The monarch suspected that his new golden crown had been cheated, as he was far from 66 with the craftsman’s reputation. To uncover the truth, Archimedes needed a method to determine whether the crown was pure gold without damaging it. For days, he struggled with this puzzle until a simple daily routine sparked a brilliant idea. One afternoon, as Archimedes lowered himself into a fully filled bath, he noticed that a significant amount of water 67 over the edge. In that flash of insight, he realized that the volume of an irregular object could be measured precisely by the water it displaced. He was so thrilled that he ran straight to the palace naked, shouting “Eureka!” His experiment was straightforward yet revolutionary. He first placed a pure gold bar of equal weight into a container 68 water and carefully collected the overflow. Afterwards, he replaced the bar with the crown. The crown 69 more water, proving that it was not solid gold because a mixture of lighter metals occupies more space. This discovery 70 a powerful weapon against dishonesty. Without this principle, the craftsman might have continued his deception. The king, satisfied with the evidence, punished the liar immediately. This story illustrates that creative thinking can solve complex problems. Today, Archimedes’ principle 71 widely in ship design to ensure vessels float safely. It is one of the most practical achievements in physics. Facing difficulties, we should learn to observe carefully rather than 72 give up. If Archimedes had ignored the overflowing water, the truth might never 73 discovered. So, whenever you encounter a tough situation, remember to take a moment and think differently. Your solution might be closer than you imagine. A wise philosopher once said that our greatest weapon against ignorance is patient understanding, and 74 is more powerful than a curious mind. Therefore, develop your sense of observation, 75 you will unlock countless possibilities in your life. 66．A．satisfying B．satisfied C．satisfaction 67．A．running B．has run C．ran 68．A．full with B．filled of C．filled with 69．A．displaced B．displaces C．has displaced 70．A．provided B．was providing C．has provided 71．A．applies B．is applied C．has applied 72．A．simply B．simple C．simplicity 73．A．have been B．been C．having been 74．A．nothing B．something C．anything 75．A．but B．or C．and 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Folk customs 核心语法精练 （一般现在时被动语态） 目录 二、考点夯基 2 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 2 二、单项选择 5 三、完成句子 10 四、句型转换 12 一、语法选择 14 一般现在时被动语态 概念 被动语态：句子主语是动作的承受者（被……）； 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。 主动：We clean the classroom. 我们打扫教室。 被动：The classroom is cleaned. 教室被打扫。 核心结构 肯定句 am /is/are + 动词过去分词 (done) am → 主语 I is → 主语单数名词 / 不可数名词 /he/she/it are → 主语复数 /you 否定句 am / is / are + not + done The room is not cleaned every day. 一般疑问句 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + done …? Is the room cleaned every day? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + am / is / are + 主语 + done …? Where is the news reported? 主动变被动步骤 主动宾语 → 被动主语 主动主语 → 放介词 by 之后（可省略） 谓语改为：am/is/are + 过去分词 时态保持一般现在时 例句： People grow rice.（主动） → Rice is grown (by people).（被动） by 的用法 by + 动作执行者，不强调执行者时可以省略。 These bikes are made by workers. 考点 1.不及物动词无被动 happen, appear, take place, rise 等不能用于被动语态 ❌ An accident was happened. ✅ An accident happened. 2.“to”还原！ 在主动语态中，使役动词（make/let/have）和感官动词（see/hear/watch）后接宾语补足语时，会省略 to 直接用动词原形；但转换成被动语态后，原本省略的 to 一定要补回来，形成 be + 过去分词 + to do 的结构。 They make me work. → I am made to work. I saw him enter the room. → He was seen to enter the room. 3.短语动词不能拆分 We take care of the trees. → The trees are taken care of.（介词 of 不能丢） 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．His advice is still ________ (follow) by modern musicians. 【答案】followed 【详解】句意：他的建议仍被现代音乐家遵循。主语His advice与动词follow构成被动关系，即建议是“被遵循”，需用被动语态，结构为“be动词+过去分词”。空前已有be动词is，空格处填follow的过去分词followed。 2．The two towns are closely ________ (link) by a new railway. 【答案】linked 【详解】句意：一条新铁路把这两座小镇紧密连接在了一起。句中有介词by（被……），主语the two towns是动作的承受者，句子使用被动语态，结构为be+动词过去分词。link的过去分词为linked。 3．Lots of national heroes ________ (remember) by us forever. 【答案】are remembered 【详解】句意：许多民族英雄永远被我们铭记。主语“Lots of national heroes”与动词“remember”之间为被动关系，且描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，此处填“are remembered”。 4．We are ________ (inspire) by his spirit of never giving up. 【答案】inspired 【详解】句意：我们被他永不放弃的精神所鼓舞。句中主语We和动词inspire是被动关系，被动语态结构为be+动词过去分词，句中已有be动词are。inspire的过去分词为inspired。 5．The truth is often ________ (mistake) by people around the world. 【答案】mistaken 【详解】句意：真相常常被世界各地的人们误解。Mistake“错误”，名词，主语“The truth”与动词“mistake”之间为被动关系，意为“真相被误解”，且空前有be动词is，故用被动语态“be+过去分词”。mistake的过去分词为mistaken。故填mistaken。 6．Lots of traditional songs ________ (enjoy) by visitors in the music museum every day. 【答案】are enjoyed 【详解】句意：音乐博物馆里的许多传统歌曲每天都被游客喜爱。every day是一般现在时标志，songs和enjoy是被动关系，主语为复数，用一般现在时被动语态are enjoyed。 7．Lots of information ____________ (share) on social media now. 【答案】is shared 【详解】句意：现在有大量的信息在社交媒体上被分享。主语“Lots of information”是不可数名词，与动词share构成被动关系，使用被动语态；时间状语“now”在此处表示“如今、当前”的一般状况，而非强调动作正在此刻进行，因此通常使用一般现在时来陈述客观事实或普遍现象；故此处使用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为is +过去分词，share的过去分词为shared。 8．Thousands of connections ________ (make) online every day. 【答案】are made 【详解】句意：每天有成千上万的连接在线被建立。主语“Thousands of connections”与动词“make”之间为被动关系，时间状语“every day”提示用一般现在时，主语为复数，故填are made。 9．Many young people ________ (encourage) by his book to chase their dreams. 【答案】are encouraged 【详解】句意：许多年轻人受到他那本书的鼓舞去追寻梦想。所给动词为encourage“鼓励”。主语Many young people与动词encourage之间为被动关系，句子无明确时间状语且描述一般事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态“be+过去分词”，句子主语是Many young people，是复数，be动词用are，encourage的过去分词为encouraged。故填are encouraged。 10．Many new kinds of balloons ________ (produce) in this factory every year. 【答案】are produced 【详解】句意：这家工厂每年生产许多新型气球。主语“Many new kinds of balloons”和动词“produce”是被动关系，因此需用被动语态，结构为“be + 过去分词”，every year表明时态为一般现在时。主语balloons为复数，be动词用are，动词produce的过去分词为produced。故填are produced。 11．The object ________ (design) on the computer first. 【答案】is designed 【详解】句意：这个物体首先是在电脑上设计的。主语The object与design之间为被动关系；句子描述一般事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”；主语The object为第三人称单数，be动词用is，design的过去分词为designed。 12．The magazine ________ (publish) every month. 【答案】is published 【详解】句意：这本杂志每个月都会出版。杂志是 “被发行”，要用被动语态；every month用于一般现在时。一般现在时被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词；主语 magazine为单数，be动词用is，publish的过去分词是published。 13．We are deeply ________ (move) by his deeds. 【答案】moved 【详解】句意：我们被他的事迹深深打动。主语We与move为被动关系，应用被动语态（be+动词的过去分词）。空前有be动词are，因此此处需用move的过去分词形式moved。 14．The old track is ________ (cover) with dirt now. 【答案】covered 【详解】句意：这条旧跑道现在被尘土覆盖了。be covered with‌“被……覆盖”，此处be动词后要用cover的过去分词covered，符合句子的被动语义。故填covered。 15．Lots of trees ________ (plant) every year in our city. 【答案】are planted 【详解】句意：我们城市每年都会种很多树。主语Lots of trees和动词plant是被动关系，every year为一般现在时标志，一般现在时被动语态结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”；主语是复数，be动词用are，plant的过去分词为planted，故填are planted。 二、单项选择。 16．You can’t go home________your homework ________. A．unless; finished B．if; finished C．if; is finished D．unless; is finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：除非你的作业完成了，否则你不能回家。 unless除非；if如果。根据句意可知，此处表示“除非……否则……”，应用unless引导条件状语从句；“homework”与“finish”之间是被动关系，表示“作业被完成”，应用一般现在时的被动语态is finished。因此unless; is finished符合语境。 17．This piece of music ________ one of the greatest musical works. A．considers B．considered C．is considered D．was considered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这首乐曲被认为是最伟大的音乐作品之一。 主语This piece of music与动词consider之间是被动关系，需用被动语态（be + done）；陈述客观事实或普遍看法应用一般现在时。 18．This is the advice that ________ by musicians today. A．follow B．follows C．is followed D．was followed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是至今仍被音乐家们遵循的建议。 分析句子可知，主语advice与动词follow之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；根据时间状语today可知应用一般现在时。 19．—Will you go to the literature salon?   —I won’t go unless I ________. A．will invite B．will be invited C．invite D．am invited 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你会去文学沙龙吗？——除非我被邀请，否则我不会去。 unless引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句是一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时；主语I与invite之间是被动关系，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。 20．—Our school holds a “National Day Handicraft Show” every year. —That’s true. Many wonderful works ________ by students every October. A．are made B．were made C．have made D．will make 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们学校每年举办一次“国庆手工艺展”。——没错。每年十月许多精彩的作品由学生制作。 根据时间状语“every October”可知句子描述经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时；主语“Many wonderful works”与动词“make”之间是被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态结构，应填are made。 21．The universe ________ with stars. A．fills B．is filled C．will be filled D．has filled 【答案】B 【详解】句意：宇宙充满了星星。 固定搭配be filled with意为“充满……”。主语The universe与fill之间是被动关系，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时。一般现在时的被动语态结构为“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”，宇宙是世界上独一无二的，谓语动词用单数is，fill的过去分词是filled。 22．According to the school rules, students ________ use mobile phones during class time. A．aren’t allowed to B．don’t allow C．won’t allow D．weren’t allowed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：根据校规，学生在上课期间不被允许使用手机。 主语students是动词allow的承受者，应用被动语态be allowed to do sth.，表示“被允许做某事”；校规是一般性规定，时态应用一般现在时，主语为复数，be动词用are，这里指不被允许使用手机，所以用否定形式aren’t allowed to。 23．The book The Dawn of Everything ________ by millions of readers around the world every year. A．reads B．read C．is read D．was read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：《万物黎明》这本书每年被全球数百万读者阅读。 句中主语“The book”是动作的承受者，且时间状语“every year”表经常性动作，要用一般现在时的被动语态，应填is read。 24．All the ingredients ________ and boiled before being cut up. A．mix B．are mixed C．mixed D．were mixing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：所有的原料在被切碎之前都被混合并煮沸。 mix混合，主动语态原形；are mixed被混合，一般现在时被动语态；mixed混合，主动语态过去式；were mixing混合，主动语态过去进行时。主语“All the ingredients”与动词“mix”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，只有B项are mixed是被动语态结构，且句子描述一般操作步骤，时态用一般现在时。 25．— Look at the model of the moon base. — Wow! It ________ of materials that can stand the cold. A．makes B．is made C．made D．was made 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——看这个月球基地的模型。——哇！它是由能抵御寒冷的材料制成的。 be made of表示“由……制成（能看出原材料）”，主语It指代月球基地模型，它是“被材料制作”的对象，需要使用被动语态；同时该句是描述这个模型的客观属性，要用一般现在时，对应结构为is made。 26．More astronauts ________ to Tiangong Space Station every year. A．send B．are sent C．sent D．were sent 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每年有更多的宇航员被送往天宫空间站。 主语More astronauts与动词send之间是被动关系，需用被动语态（be + done），排除A、C；时间状语“every year”表明时态为一般现在时，排除一般过去时的D项。主语是复数，be动词用are，故用are sent。 27．Lots of useful inventions ________ every year to make our life easier. A．create B．are created C．created D．were created 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每年都有许多有用的发明被创造出来，使我们的生活更轻松。 根据时间状语“every year”可知句子时态为一般现在时；主语“Lots of useful inventions”是复数名词，且与动词create之间是被动关系，应用被动语态结构“are+过去分词”。应填are created。 28．—Do you know if Tom ________ all the puzzles within 40 minutes? —I’m afraid he can’t. If he ________ another ten minutes, he will finish them. A．solves; will give B．will solve; is given C．will solve; will give D．solves; is given 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道汤姆能在40分钟内解开所有谜题吗？ ——恐怕他做不到。如果再给他十分钟，他就能完成。 第一空“if” 意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，表将来用will solve；第二空“if”意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现，且he与give是被动关系，因此填is given。 29．You won’t have trouble ________ the task if extra attention ________ to every small step. A．solving; is paid B．to solve; pays C．solving; will pay D．with solving; will be paid 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果对每一个小步骤都给予额外关注，你将不会在完成这项任务上有困难。 第一空位于“have trouble”之后，固定搭配“have trouble (in) doing sth.”，意为“做某事有困难”，故应用动名词；第二空所在分句为“if”引导的条件状语从句，需遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，且主语“extra attention”与谓语“pay”之间为被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。应填solving; is paid。 30．The old tradition ________ deep in the hearts of local people for hundreds of years. A．roots B．is rooted C．rooted D．was rooting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个古老传统数百年来深深扎根于当地人心中。 roots扎根（动词第三人称单数）；is rooted，固定搭配be rooted in，意为“扎根于”；rooted过去式或过去分词；was rooting过去进行时，语义与结构不匹配。本句表达的意思是“古老的传统扎根于当地人心中”，应用被动语态，排除A、C；固定短语be rooted in是被动语态结构，符合，主语the old tradition为单数，用is rooted。 31．The bare mountains ________ with wild grass, but now they ________ with fruit trees. A．used to cover；are covered B．were used to covering；are covered C．used to be covered；are covered D．were used to be covered；covered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这些荒山昔日遍地野草，如今全都长满了果树。 “The bare mountains...with wild grass”和选项表明，山过去被野草覆盖，用被动语态。used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”，它的被动结构是used to be+过去分词，因此第一空要填used to be covered；第二空的时间状语是“now”，时态用一般现在时，“山”和“果树”也是被动关系，表明山被果树覆盖，be covered with表示“被……覆盖”，因此填are covered。 32．—Where ________ this kind of tea ________? —In many different areas in China. A．is; produced B．does; produce C．was; produced D．did; produce 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这种茶是在哪里生产的？——在中国的许多不同地区。 主语this kind of tea与动词produce之间是被动关系，需用被动语态（be+过去分词），排除B、D两项主动语态；根据答语可知这是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，排除C项一般过去时。应选is; produced。 33．This kind of bike ________ in China, but it sells well all over the world. A．produces B．produced C．is produced D．was producing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这种自行车产自中国，但在世界各地都很畅销。 主语“This kind of bike”与动词“produce”之间是被动关系，且后半句“sells”表明时态为一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are+动词过去分词，主语为单数，be动词用is，produce的过去分词是produced，即is produced。 34．The spirit of sports ________ widely by young people all over the world now. A．celebrates B．celebrated C．is celebrated D．was celebrated 【答案】C 【详解】句意：体育精神如今被世界各地的年轻人广泛推崇。 主语sports spirit与celebrate构成被动关系，时间标志词now提示用一般现在时被动，is celebrated符合语态与时态要求。 35．As teenagers, when we ________ at school, we should be brave enough to ________ our rights instead of keeping silent. A．bully; stand out B．are bullied; stand out C．are bullied; stand up for D．bullying; stand up for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：作为青少年，当我们在学校被欺负时，我们应该勇敢地维护我们的权利，而不是保持沉默。 stand out突出；stand up for维护，捍卫。第一空表示“被欺负”要用被动语态are bullied，第二空表示“维护权利”用固定短语stand up for our rights。 三、完成句子。 36．思维导图在我们的英语课上被广泛使用。 Mind maps ________ ________ ________ in our English class. 【答案】are widely used 【详解】原句中“被广泛使用”是关键词，“使用”对应use，结合语境，此处用被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”，主语Mind maps是复数，且此处表示客观事实，be动词用are；use的过去分词是used；“广泛地”widely，修饰动词，放于be动词之后。 37．在你退房前，确定没有任何东西落在房间里。 Make sure nothing ________ ________ ________ in the hotel room before you check out. 【答案】is left behind 【详解】原句中“落在”是关键词，表示“被落在/被留下”的短语是be left behind。本句为一般现在时，nothing为单数主语，故用is；动词leave与nothing构成被动关系，用过去分词left。 38．他的作品受到广大观众的喜爱。 His work is ________ by a wide ________. 【答案】enjoyed audience 【详解】原句中的“喜爱”和“观众”是关键词，表示“喜爱”用enjoy，主语his work与谓语enjoy之间是被动关系，谓语用被动语态be+过去分词，enjoy的过去分词是enjoyed；表示“观众”用audience，是集体名词。 39．这部电影是基于一个真实的故事。 This film is ________ on a true story. 【答案】based 【详解】原句中“基于”是关键词，be based on表示“基于”，因此填based。 40．老师们因他们的耐心和善良而受到尊重。 Teachers ________ ________ for their patience and kindness. 【答案】are respected 【详解】句中表达“被尊重”的被动含义，主语Teachers是复数，一般现在时的被动语态结构为are+过去分词，respected是respect的过去分词。 41．当地居民的生活被肯尼亚旅游业的快速发展所影响。 Local people’s lives ________ ________ ________ the fast development of tourism in Kenya. 【答案】are influenced by 【详解】本句为被动语态，中文“被……影响”需要使用结构“be+过去分词+by”。主语Local people’s lives是复数，be动词用are；influence表示影响，过去分词为influenced；引出动作执行者用介词by。故填are；influenced；by。 42．汉字被认为是一种巨大的美的源泉。 Chinese characters are ________ to be a source of great ________. 【答案】considered beauty 【详解】句中“被认为”和“美”是关键词。表示“被认为”的固定结构是be considered to be，本句为一般现在时的被动语态，are后需接动词的过去分词形式，consider的过去分词是considered；表示“美”的名词是beauty，形容词great后需接名词，beautiful的名词形式为beauty。应填considered；beauty。 43．据认为，如果有水，就可能有外星生命。 It ________ ________ that if there is water, there might be alien life. 【答案】is believed 【详解】原句关键词“据认为”对应句型It is believed that…；句中“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是“that”引导的从句。动词believe与“It”之间是被动关系，因此需要使用被动语态，结构为be +过去分词。句子陈述的是一种普遍的观点或事实，故使用一般现在时，be动词用is；believe的过去分词是believed。 45．学生们被告知不要浪费食物。 The students ________ ________ not to waste food. 【答案】made by hand 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，需翻译“手工制作的”，句子中已经有“is”，可以用被动语态，“make”的过去分词是“made”，“by hand”意为“手工”。故填made by hand。 45．The students ________ ________ not to waste food. 学生们被告知不要浪费食物。 【答案】were/are told 【详解】原句中“被告知”是关键词，表示“告知”的动词是tell。根据语境可知，本句需要用被动语态，由于没有给出具体的时间状语，本句可以用一般现在时的被动语态也可以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语“The students”为复数，一般现在时中be动词用are，一般过去时中be动词用were；tell的过去分词为told。 四、句型转换。 46．People still listen to his music today.（改为被动语态） His music ________ still ________ ________ by people today. 【答案】is listened to 【详解】句意：如今人们仍然听他的音乐。原句为一般现在时的主动语态，改为被动语态时，宾语his music变为主语，主语为单数，be动词用is，listen to短语在被动语态中介词to不能省略，listen的过去分词为listened。 47．Lots of teenagers enjoy reading short stories.（改为被动语态） Reading short stories ________ ________ by lots of teenagers. 【答案】is enjoyed 【详解】句意：许多青少年喜欢阅读短篇故事。原句为一般现在时，改为被动语态时，主语Reading short stories是动作的承受者，且为单数，助动词用is，谓语动词enjoy改为过去分词enjoyed。 48．Many teenagers admire this great actress. (改为被动语态) This great actress ________ ________ by many teenagers. 【答案】is admired 【详解】句意：许多青少年仰慕这位优秀的女演员。原句谓语动词admire为动词原形，且主语Many teenagers为复数，可知句子时态为一般现在时。一般现在时的被动语态构成为“am/is/are + 动词过去分词”。改写后的主语This great actress是第三人称单数，因此be动词用is，动词admire的过去分词为admired。 49．Pollution affects all living things on Earth.（改为被动语态） All living things on Earth ________ ________ by pollution. 【答案】are affected 【详解】句意：污染影响地球上所有的生物。原句是一般现在时的主动语态，变为被动语态时，结构为“be动词+动词的过去分词”。主语“All living things on Earth”是复数概念，对应一般现在时的be动词用are；动词affect的过去分词是affected，故填are；affected。 50．People consider bamboo a great natural material.（改为被动语态） Bamboo ________ ________ a great natural material by people. 【答案】is considered 【详解】句意：人们把竹子看作一种很棒的天然材料。句子为一般现在时，改为被动语态结构是“be considered”，主语是Bamboo，be动词用is。 51．People call the machine Smart Cook. (改为被动语态) The machine ________ ________ Smart Cook. 【答案】is called 【详解】句意：人们把这台机器叫作智能烹饪机。本句为一般现在时主动语态，改为被动语态结构为“be+过去分词”；主语The machine是单数，be动词选用is，动词call的过去分词是called。 52．The girl inspires many young people. (改为被动语态) Many young people ________ ________ by the girl. 【答案】are inspired 【详解】句意：这个女孩激励着许多年轻人。原句inspires为一般现在时，被动语态保持时态一致。被动句的主语Many young people是复数，因此be动词用are，动词inspire的过去分词是inspired，应填are；inspired。 53．Many young people show interest in brush art.（改为被动语态） Interest in brush art ________ ________ by many young people. 【答案】is shown 【详解】句意：很多年轻人对书画艺术表现出兴趣。原句为一般现在时，改为被动语态后时态保持不变。一般现在时的被动语态结构为“am/is/are +过去分词”。被动句的主语是Interest，属于不可数名词，视为第三人称单数，因此be动词选用is。动词show的过去分词为shown。故填is；shown。 54．Hard work brings out people’s creativity.(改为被动语态) People’s creativity ________ ________ out by hard work. 【答案】is brought 【详解】句意：勤奋工作能激发人们的创造力。原句是主动语态，主语是“Hard work”，谓语是“brings out”，宾语是“people’s creativity”；改为被动语态时，将宾语“people’s creativity”变为主语，谓语动词改为“be + 过去分词”结构，原句时态为一般现在时，主语“people’s creativity”是单数，故be动词用“is”，动词“bring”的过去分词为“brought”。 55．Mr. Wilson allows the boys to play football on the playground after class.  (改为被动语态) The boys ________ ________ to play football on the playground after class. 【答案】are allowed 【详解】句意：威尔逊先生允许男孩子们下课后在操场上踢足球。将主动语态改为被动语态时，原句的宾语“the boys”变为主语，原句的谓语动词“allows”要变为“be + 过去分词”的形式，因为主语“the boys”是复数，且原句是一般现在时，所以be动词用are，allow的过去分词是allowed，即“are allowed”。 一、语法选择 根据短文内容，从选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 The history of making pottery (陶器) in Yanshantou, Hubei Province dates back to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Since then, people 56 developing pottery-making skills for thousands of years. In the 1960s and 1970s, many families produced pottery. Now, Yu Dahua is 57 last pottery master there. Yu loved pottery from an early age and started learning it in the 1990s. He often wondered how he 58 carry forward this ancient skill better. His father once said, “People won’t be able to find pots like ours 59 we fail to pass the skill down.” These words touched him deeply, so he has practiced hard for ten years. 60 challenging craft it is! The process includes more than ten steps, and each step requires 61 , hard work and excellent skills. The firing step can last a whole night, but Yu always stays awake and watches over it carefully. By now, his skills have improved. Many of his works 62 at local exhibitions and are highly praised. Yu often says, “It’s important for 63 to pass down this ancient skill.” He plans 64 more time teaching children about pottery making. He believes that 65 more people joining in, the tradition will continue to live and breathe. Yu’s story connects the past and future through his traditional skills. 56．A．keep B．have kept C．will keep 57．A．a B．an C．the 58．A．might B．could C．must 59．A．if B．until C．unless 60．A．How B．What C．What a 61．A．patient B．patience C．patiently 62．A．show B．are shown C．are showing 63．A．we B．us C．our 64．A．spend B．spending C．to spend 65．A．with B．in C．at 【答案】56．B 57．C 58．B 59．A 60．C 61．B 62．B 63．B 64．C 65．A 【导语】本文介绍湖北沿山头制陶历史悠久，手艺人于大华坚守古法制陶技艺，数十年勤学苦练打磨手艺，坚持传承古老制陶工艺，计划花费更多时间向孩子传授陶艺，坚信有更多人参与这项传统手艺便能长久延续。 【详解】56．句意：从那时起，数千年来人们一直不断精进制陶技艺。 句中“for thousands of years”为持续数千年的时间标志，需使用现在完成时，应选用have kept，表示“一直保持”；keep“保持”；will keep“将会保持”，逻辑不符。 57．句意：如今，于大华是当地最后一位制陶匠人。 形容词“last”前需搭配定冠词表特指，应选用the，表示特指；a“一个”；an“一个”，逻辑不符。 58．句意：他常常思索自己该如何更好地传承这门古老技艺。 主句“wondered”为过去式，从句情态动词需对应过去形式，此处表能力，应选用could，表示“能够”；might“可能”；must“必须”，逻辑不通。 59．句意：如果我们没能把这门手艺传承下去，后人就再也见不到我们这样的陶器了。 句子为主将从现条件状语从句，表达假设关系，后句是前句的肯定条件，应选用if，表示“如果”；until“直到”；unless“除非”，逻辑不通。 60．句意：这是一门多么有难度的手艺啊！ 感叹句中心词为可数名词单数“craft”，应用结构“What a+形容词+可数名词单数”，应选用What a，表示“多么……”；How“多么”；What“多么”，逻辑不符。 61．句意：制陶流程包含十多道工序，每一步都需要耐心、勤恳与精湛手艺。 动词“requires”后接名词作宾语，应选用patience，表示“耐心”；patient“有耐心的”；patiently“耐心地”，均不符。 62．句意：他的许多作品在当地展览展出，收获高度赞誉。 主语“works”与“show”是被动关系，表作品被展出，应选用are shown，表示“被展出”；show“展出”；are showing“正在展出”，均不符。 63．句意：对我们而言，传承这门古老技艺至关重要。 介词“for”后接人称代词宾格，应选用us，表示“我们”；we“我们”；our“我们的”，逻辑不符。 64．句意：他计划花费更多时间向孩子们传授制陶技艺。 固定搭配plan to do sth.计划做某事，应选用to spend，表示“去花费”；spend“花费”；spending“花费”，均不符。 65．句意：他相信，有更多人参与进来，这项传统便能生生不息。 “with+宾语+doing”为with复合结构，应选用with，表示“伴随着、有”；in“在……里面”；at“在（小地点/时刻）”，均不符。 Read the passage and choose the best answer for each blank. 根据短文内容，从选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Archimedes, a legendary genius from ancient Greece, once received a challenging request from the king. The monarch suspected that his new golden crown had been cheated, as he was far from 66 with the craftsman’s reputation. To uncover the truth, Archimedes needed a method to determine whether the crown was pure gold without damaging it. For days, he struggled with this puzzle until a simple daily routine sparked a brilliant idea. One afternoon, as Archimedes lowered himself into a fully filled bath, he noticed that a significant amount of water 67 over the edge. In that flash of insight, he realized that the volume of an irregular object could be measured precisely by the water it displaced. He was so thrilled that he ran straight to the palace naked, shouting “Eureka!” His experiment was straightforward yet revolutionary. He first placed a pure gold bar of equal weight into a container 68 water and carefully collected the overflow. Afterwards, he replaced the bar with the crown. The crown 69 more water, proving that it was not solid gold because a mixture of lighter metals occupies more space. This discovery 70 a powerful weapon against dishonesty. Without this principle, the craftsman might have continued his deception. The king, satisfied with the evidence, punished the liar immediately. This story illustrates that creative thinking can solve complex problems. Today, Archimedes’ principle 71 widely in ship design to ensure vessels float safely. It is one of the most practical achievements in physics. Facing difficulties, we should learn to observe carefully rather than 72 give up. If Archimedes had ignored the overflowing water, the truth might never 73 discovered. So, whenever you encounter a tough situation, remember to take a moment and think differently. Your solution might be closer than you imagine. A wise philosopher once said that our greatest weapon against ignorance is patient understanding, and 74 is more powerful than a curious mind. Therefore, develop your sense of observation, 75 you will unlock countless possibilities in your life. 66．A．satisfying B．satisfied C．satisfaction 67．A．running B．has run C．ran 68．A．full with B．filled of C．filled with 69．A．displaced B．displaces C．has displaced 70．A．provided B．was providing C．has provided 71．A．applies B．is applied C．has applied 72．A．simply B．simple C．simplicity 73．A．have been B．been C．having been 74．A．nothing B．something C．anything 75．A．but B．or C．and 【答案】66．B 67．C 68．C 69．A 70．A 71．B 72．A 73．A 74．A 75．C 【导语】本文通过讲述阿基米德获得灵感发现浮力原理、揭穿工匠金冠掺假的故事，阐明了面对难题时要保持观察力与好奇心、转换思路就能解决复杂问题的道理。 【详解】66．句意：国王怀疑自己新做的金冠被工匠掺假，因为他对工匠的名声非常不满意。 此处使用搭配be satisfied with，意为“对……满意”，此处需要形容词作表语，修饰主语“he”，指人，符合“国王不信任工匠名声”的语境。satisfying是修饰物的形容词，satisfaction是名词。 67．句意：一天下午，当阿基米德坐进满水的浴缸时，他注意到大量水溢出了缸边。 全文故事发生在过去，描述过去的动作用一般过去时，故选过去式ran。running是现在分词，has run是现在完成时。 68．句意：他先把一块和金冠等重的纯金块放进装满水的容器，仔细收集溢出的水。 此处表示“装满水的容器”，对应表达为a container filled with water，故选filled with。full with和filled of搭配错误。 69．句意：结果金冠排出了更多的水，由此证明它不是纯金打造——因为混入更轻的金属会占据更大的体积。 本段描述过去阿基米德做实验的过程，整体用一般过去时，故选过去式displaced。displaces是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式，has displaced是现在完成时。 70．句意：这一发现为打击不诚信行为提供了有力武器。 叙述过去的事件，此处表示这个发现过去就成为了对抗欺诈的有力武器，用一般过去时provided。was providing是过去进行时，has provided是现在完成时。 71．句意：如今，阿基米德原理被广泛应用于船舶设计，确保船只安全漂浮。 主语“Archimedes’ principle”和动词apply是被动关系，“Today”提示使用一般现在时，故此处使用一般现在时的被动语态，故选is applied。applies是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式，has applied是现在完成时。 72．句意：面对困难，我们应该学会仔细观察，而非轻易放弃。 此处修饰动词短语“give up”，需要副词，simply意为“仅仅，轻易地”，符合语义。simple是形容词，simplicity是名词。 73．句意：如果阿基米德当时忽略了溢出的水，真相可能永远都不会被发现。 本句是对过去的虚拟，结构为情态动词+现在完成时，且此处为被动语态，因此用have been。been是过去分词，having been是现在分词的完成被动式。 74．句意：一位智者曾说，我们对抗无知最有力的武器是耐心的理解，没有什么比好奇的头脑更有力量。 本句强调“没有什么比一颗好奇的心更有力量”，nothing符合语义。something一些，anything任何事，语义不符。 75．句意：因此，培养你的观察力，你就能在人生中解锁无数可能。 此处使用结构“祈使句+ and +陈述句”，表示顺承的结果，符合此处语境。but表转折，or表选择，语义不符。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $