Unit 2 Bridging Cultures （知识清单）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语单元知识清单围绕“Bridging Cultures”主题，涵盖词汇（阅读、写作、变形等分类）、语法（名词性从句系统精讲）、写作（应用文及跨文化主题拓展输出）三大核心范畴，搭建从基础词汇积累到语法规则应用再到主题写作输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“词汇功能分类+语法类型拆解+写作框架模板”呈现知识体系，如将名词性从句按主语、表语等类型结合课文原句分析，培养语言能力和思维品质。特色设计包括“易错点对比表”（如adapt与adjust用法辨析）、“助记口诀”（如“表语从句that不删”）及写作逻辑连接词清单，不同基础学生可高效掌握要点，教师可依托清单设计分层教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. 向…… 道别 2. 登上飞机 3. 适应 4. 习惯于 5. 公共交通 6. 向某人求助 7. 寄宿在寄宿家庭 8. 感到宽慰 9. 第二个家（寄宿家庭） 10. 学业要求 11. 认可他人观点 12. 形成独到见解 13. 在课堂上主动发言 14. 增强某人自信 15. 参与社交活动 二、写作词汇： 1. …… 的急剧增长 2. 面临经济压力 3. 最终做某事 4. 文化冲击 5. 患上抑郁 6. 个人成长 7. 拥有全球视野 8. 文化交流 9. 文化使者 10. 促进国家间友谊 11. 助力…… 发展 12. 塑造品格 13. 加深文化理解 14. 改变一生的经历 三、词汇变形： 1. adv. 雄心勃勃地 → ambitious adj. 有抱负的 → n. 抱负，志向 2. adapt v. 适应 → n. 适应；改编本 3. comfort n./v. 安慰；舒适 → adj. 感到宽慰的 → adj. 舒适的 4. confuse v. 使困惑 → adj. 感到困惑的 → adj. 令人困惑的 → n. 困惑 5. require v. 需要；要求 → n. 要求，必备条件 6. explain v. 解释 → n. 解释，说明 7. qualify v. （使）具备资格 → n. 资格证书；学历 8. present v. 展示；颁发 → n. 课堂展示；报告 9. confident adj. 自信的 → n. 自信 10. cooperate v. 合作 → n. 合作 11. mature adj. 成熟的 → n. 成熟 12. optimistic adj. 乐观的 → n. 乐观 13. logic n. 逻辑 → adv. 合乎逻辑地 14. strengthen v. 加强 → n. 力量 15. observe v. 观察；遵守 → n. 观察 四、拓展词汇 1. accommodation n. 住处，宿舍 2. perspective n. 视角，观点 3. multicultural adj. 多元文化的 4. ethnic adj. 民族的；种族的 5. candidate n. 申请者，候选人 6. essay n. 短文，论文 7. budget n. 预算 8. diverse adj. 多样的，不同的 9. initiative n. 倡议（Belt and Road Initiative 一带一路倡议） 五、熟词生义 1. bridge n. 桥 → v. 搭建桥梁；沟通（bridge cultures 沟通文化） 2. board n. 木板；董事会 → v. 登上（飞机 / 轮船） 3. present adj. 在场的 → v. 展示，做报告 4. qualify v. （使）合格 → n. qualification 学历证书 5. engage v. 吸引；聘用 → engage in 参与，参加 6. bank n. 银行 → v. 依靠（文中无，替换为课内） 7. shock n. 震动 → culture shock 文化冲击 8. advance v. 前进 → in advance 提前 9. perspective n. 透视 → 观点，视野 10. host n. 主人 → host family 寄宿家庭 写作 句型 1. Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture.（教材 P14） 尽管有些外国学生住在校内宿舍，谢蕾选择寄宿家庭，他们能帮助她适应新文化。 2. The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!（教材 P14） 她第一次写论文时，导师告诉她，如果引用他人观点，必须注明出处，但导师最想了解的是她自己的想法。 3. At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.（教材 P15） 起初谢蕾完全不知道该说什么，但令她意外的是，仅仅几周后她就敢于在课堂主动发言。 4. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.（教材 P17） 从前看起来怪异的事情，如今对谢蕾来说已经习以为常。 5. All in all, one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages.（教材 P20） 总而言之，不可否认出国留学存在弊端。 语法 名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句） 写作 · 应用文写作：给报社编辑写一封信，表达你对于出国留学的看法（议论文，正反观点 + 个人立场，使用逻辑连接词） · 拓展输出：介绍跨国文化交流经历，论述文化桥梁的意义 一、知识点精讲 1. adapt v. 适应；改编 【词汇拓展】 ·adaptation n. 适应；改编本 ·adaptable adj. 适应性强的 ·adapt to 适应…… 【例句】 ①Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture. 尽管一些外国学生住在校园宿舍，谢蕾选择与寄宿家庭同住，以便能更好地适应新文化。（课文原句） ②The novel has been adapted for television. 这部小说被改编成了电视剧。（阅读理解高频题材） ③His quick adaptation to the new culture surprised his host family. 他快速适应新文化的能力让寄宿家庭十分惊讶。（语法填空考点） 【易混辨析】adjust / adapt（核心考点：动词搭配及语境辨析） · adjust：侧重调整物品、调整自身状态，常接具体事物或反身代词，如 adjust the clock（调钟表）、adjust oneself to sth.（调整自己适应某事），语境更偏向“微调适配”。 · adapt：侧重适应全新环境、文化，或改编文学作品，核心搭配为 adapt to（适应）、adapt sth. for sth.（改编某物），是本单元核心考点，完形填空、语法填空高频考查。 2. participation n. 参加；参与 【词汇拓展】 ·participate in 参加；参与（正式书面用语） ·participant n. 参与者 【例句】 ①All students are required to participate in class discussion. 所有学生都必须参与课堂讨论。 ②Active participation in social activities helps reduce culture shock. 积极参与社交活动有助于缓解文化冲击。（书面表达万能句） ③The participation score accounts for 30% of the final result. 课堂参与分占期末成绩的30%。（完形填空校园场景） 【易混辨析】join / take part in / participate in （核心考点：固定搭配及使用场景，写作、完形高频考点） · join：侧重加入团体、人群，后接组织、团队等，如 join the club（加入俱乐部）、join us（加入我们），强调成为其中一员。 · take part in：侧重参与普通活动、比赛，口语通用，后接具体活动，如 take part in the sports meeting（参加运动会），强调参与过程。 · participate in：正式书面用语，多用于学术、课堂、社会活动，是写作高分替换词，核心搭配为 participate in sth.，如 participate in class discussion（参与课堂讨论），语法填空常考查其名词形式 participation。 3. engage vi.&vt. 参与；吸引 【词汇拓展】 ·engage in (使)从事；参与 ·engaged adj. 忙碌的；已订婚的 ·engagement n. 参与；约会 【例句】 ①Xie Lei engaged in various social activities to share Chinese culture. 谢蕾参与各类社交活动，传播中国文化。（课文改编） ②The professor tried to engage students’ attention with interesting stories. 教授用有趣的故事吸引学生注意力。（语法填空） ③He is fully engaged in his research on global business. 他全身心投入全球商业研究。（议论文素材） 4. perspective n. 角度；观点 【词汇拓展】 ·from one’s perspective 在某人看来 ·gain a global perspective 拥有全球视野 【例句】 ①Studying abroad helps you view the world from a new perspective. 出国留学能让你以全新视角看待世界。（写作高分句） ②From the parents’ perspective, studying abroad costs too much money. 站在家长的角度，出国留学开销太大。（议论文正反观点） ③Different cultures offer us different perspectives on life. 不同文化带给我们看待生活的不同角度。（阅读理解主旨句） 【易混辨析】opinion / perspective（核心考点：名词辨析，写作、阅读理解高频考点） · opinion：单纯指个人看法、观点，较浅显，可用于日常交流和简单写作，如 in my opinion（在我看来），无特殊语境限制。 · perspective：指带有自身经历、文化背景的深度视角，是高级写作词汇，核心搭配为 from one’s perspective（在某人看来）、gain a global perspective（拥有全球视野），阅读理解常作为主旨题选项，写作中使用可提升文章档次。 5. qualify vi.&vt. (使)具备资格；(使)合格 【词汇拓展】 ·qualification n. 资格证书；学历 ·be qualified for 胜任……；有……资格 ·be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事 【例句】 ①Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and has come to our university on a year-long exchange programme. 谢蕾正在中国一所大学攻读商科资格证书，她来到我们大学参加为期一年的交流项目。（课文原句） ②She is fully qualified to work as a cultural envoy. 她完全有资格担任文化使者。（书面表达） ③This certificate will qualify you for overseas jobs. 这份证书能让你获得海外工作的应聘资格。（完形职场场景） 6. expose vt. 使接触；使体验；暴露 【词汇拓展】 ·exposure n. 接触；体验；暴露 ·expose sb. to sth. 使某人接触某物 【例句】 ①Exposure to foreign cultures broadens teenagers’ horizons. 接触异国文化能够拓宽青少年眼界。（语法填空主语从句） ②Living abroad exposes you to different ways of thinking. 海外生活让你接触到不同的思维方式。（议论文） ③Don’t expose your skin to strong sunlight for too long. 不要让皮肤长时间暴晒在强光下。（阅读理解科普文） 7. strengthen vt.&vi. 加强；增强；巩固 【词汇拓展】 ·strength n. 力量；优势 ·strong adj. 强壮的；牢固的 ·strengthen ties/relationship/understanding加强联系/关系/理解 【例句】 ①Studying abroad can strengthen cultural bonds between countries. 出国留学能够巩固国家间的文化纽带。（课本改编写） ②Communicating with foreign friends strengthens our understanding of diversity. 和外国友人交流加深我们对文化多样性的理解。（书信作文） ③Daily exercise strengthens your body and mind. 日常锻炼强健身心。（应用文万能句） 8. feel at home 舒服自在；不拘束 【词汇拓展】 at home 在家；精通 make sb. feel at home 让某人感到宾至如归 comfort zone 舒适区 【例句】 ①Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK. 现在谢蕾已经度过了半年的交换年，她在英国感觉更加自在了。（课文原句） ②We prepared traditional Chinese food to make exchange students feel at home. 我们准备中国传统美食，让交换生感到宾至如归。（读后续写校园场景） ③Stepping out of your comfort zone helps you grow. 走出舒适区才能获得成长。（议论文金句） 二、核心语法精讲——名词性从句 表语从句 （一）核心定义 表语从句是在复合句中充当表语的从句，通常放在系动词（be, seem, appear, look, sound, feel, become, remain 等）之后，用于说明主语的具体内容、性质、状态、原因或结果等。 （二）基本结构 基本结构：主语+系动词+表语从句 例句：What surprised Xie Lei most was that the host family treated her like their own daughter. 译文：最让谢蕾惊讶的是，寄宿家庭像对待亲生女儿一样对待她。（that 引导表语从句，不可省略） （三）常用引导词及用法 1. that（无实际意义，不充当成分，不可省略，核心考点） 1　 Xie Lei's biggest achievement was that she adapted to the new life in London quickly. 译文：谢蕾最大的成就就是她很快适应了伦敦的新生活。 2　 The fact was that cultural exchange can bridge the gap between different countries. 译文：事实是文化交流能够弥合不同国家之间的隔阂。 2. wh-类连接词（what, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, whether，有实际含义，充当成分） 1　 What we need to understand is how we can strengthen cultural bonds with foreign friends. 译文：我们需要明白的是如何与外国友人加强文化纽带。 2　 The question was not about whether we should participate in the exchange program. 译文：问题不在于我们是否应该参加这个交换项目。 3　 This was when Xie Lei began to engage in various social activities. 译文：就在那时，谢蕾开始参与各类社交活动。 3. because, as if/though（表原因、方式，提升书面表达句式丰富度） 1　 It seemed as if all the cultural differences were easy to overcome. 译文：仿佛所有的文化差异都很容易克服。 2　 The reason why she felt lonely was because she missed her family and traditional Chinese food. 译文：她感到孤独的原因是她想念家人和中国传统美食。 （四）核心考点与易错点 1. that 不可省略（与宾语从句核心区别） ❌ 错误：The advantage of studying abroad is it can help us gain a global perspective. ✅ 正确：The advantage of studying abroad is that it can help us gain a global perspective. 译文：出国留学的优势在于它能帮助我们拥有全球视野。 2. whether 不可替换为 if（表语从句专属要求） ❌ 错误：The doubt is if we can feel at home in a foreign country. ✅ 正确：The doubt is whether we can feel at home in a foreign country. 译文：疑问是我们能否在异国他乡感到自在。 3. 主语从句+be+表语从句（本单元核心句式，提升写作档次） 课本原句改写：What Xie Lei was determined to do was how she could communicate effectively with the host family. 译文：谢蕾下定决心要做的事就是如何能与寄宿家庭有效沟通。 主语从句 （一）核心定义 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，可位于句首，也可用 it 作形式主语置于句首，真正的主语从句放在句末，避免句子头重脚轻。 （二）基本结构 结构1：主语从句+谓语+其他成分 结构2：It+谓语+其他成分+主语从句（it 作形式主语） （三）常用引导词及用法 1. that（无实际意义，不充当成分，句首不可省略） 1　 That Xie Lei adapted to the new life quickly surprised everyone. 译文：谢蕾很快适应了新生活，这让所有人都很惊讶。 2　 It is clear that cultural communication can broaden our horizons. 译文：很明显，文化交流能够拓宽我们的视野。（It 作形式主语、that 引导主语从句） 2. wh-类连接词（what, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, whether，有实际含义，充当成分） 1　 What matters most is that we should respect cultural differences. 译文：最重要的是我们应该尊重文化差异。 2　 Who can bridge the cultural gap remains unknown. 译文：谁能搭建文化桥梁还不得而知。 3　 It is still a question whether we can qualify for the exchange program. 译文：我们能否获得交换项目的资格仍然是个问题。 3. it 作形式主语的常用句型 句型1：It is + 形容词（important/clear/necessary）+ that 从句 例句：It is important that we should engage in local social activities. 译文：我们应该参与当地的社交活动，这一点很重要。 句型2：It is + 名词（fact/truth/pity）+ that 从句 例句：It is a fact that studying abroad can strengthen our independence. 译文：出国留学能增强我们的独立性，这是事实。 （四）核心考点与易错点 1. 句首 that 不可省略（与 it 作形式主语时的区别） ❌ 错误：Xie Lei adapted to the new life quickly surprised everyone. ✅ 正确：That Xie Lei adapted to the new life quickly surprised everyone. 2. 主语从句中表“是否”只能用 whether，不可用 if ❌ 错误：It is unknown if we can feel at home in a foreign country. ✅ 正确：It is unknown whether we can feel at home in a foreign country. 宾语从句 （一）核心定义 宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的从句，可作动词、介词或形容词的宾语，本单元常结合“交流、学习、认知”类动词出现。 （二）基本结构 基本结构：主句+谓语动词/介词/形容词+宾语从句 （三）常用引导词及用法 1. that（无实际意义，不充当成分，口语和非正式文体中可省略） 1　 Xie Lei found that living with a host family was helpful for her adaptation. 译文：谢蕾发现，寄宿在寄宿家庭有助于她适应新生活。 2　 Her tutor explained that she must acknowledge others’ ideas if she cited them. 译文：她的导师解释说，如果引用他人的观点，她必须认可这些观点。 2. wh-类连接词（what, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, whether，有实际含义，充当成分） 1　 Xie Lei wondered how she could improve her academic performance quickly. 译文：谢蕾想知道如何能快速提高自己的学业成绩。 2　 She asked the host family what traditional British food they usually ate. 译文：她问寄宿家庭，他们通常吃什么英国传统食物。 3　 We are talking about whether we should participate in the cultural exchange activity. 译文：我们正在讨论是否应该参加这次文化交流活动。 3. if（表“是否”，可替换 whether，仅用于动词后的宾语从句） 1　 Xie Lei asked if the host family liked Chinese culture. 译文：谢蕾问寄宿家庭是否喜欢中国文化。 （四）核心考点与易错点 1. 时态一致（主句为过去时，从句需用相应过去时态，客观真理除外） ❌ 错误：Xie Lei found that the host family are very friendly. ✅ 正确：Xie Lei found that the host family were very friendly. 2. 否定转移（think, believe, suppose 等动词后，否定词转移至主句） 本单元话题例句：I don’t think that cultural shock is insurmountable. 译文：我认为文化冲击并非不可克服。 同位语从句 （一）核心定义 同位语从句是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，位于名词（fact, truth, idea, question, news, suggestion 等）之后，对该名词进行解释说明，说明其具体内容。 （二）基本结构 基本结构：名词+同位语从句 （三）常用引导词及用法（结合本单元话题，课本原句优先） 1. that（无实际意义，不充当成分，不可省略，核心考点） 1　 We all know the fact that cultural exchange can promote mutual understanding. 译文：我们都知道这个事实：文化交流能够促进相互理解。 2　 He put forward the suggestion that we should strengthen cultural communication. 译文：他提出了一个建议：我们应该加强文化交流。 2. wh-类连接词（what, who, when, where, why, how，有实际含义，充当成分） 1　 We have no idea when the next cultural exchange activity will be held. 译文：我们不知道下一次文化交流活动将在何时举行。 2　 The question how we can adapt to the new culture quickly is worth discussing. 译文：我们如何快速适应新文化这个问题值得讨论。 （四）核心考点与易错点 1. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别（核心考点） · 同位语从句：that 不充当成分，仅起连接作用，说明名词“是什么”； · 定语从句：that 充当主语、宾语等成分，修饰名词“是什么样的”。 例句1（同位语从句）：The idea that we should learn from each other is very good.（that 不充当成分，说明 idea 的内容） 例句2（定语从句）：The idea that he put forward is very good.（that 作 put forward 的宾语，修饰 idea） 2. 部分名词后只能用 that 引导同位语从句（如 fact, truth, news 等） ❌ 错误：We heard the news if our team won the competition. ✅ 正确：We heard the news that our team won the competition. 五、四类名词性从句综合总结 1. 引导词共性：that 无实际意义、不充当成分；wh-类引导词有实际意义、充当成分；whether 表“是否”，部分场景可替换 if（宾语从句除外）。 2. 高频考点：表语从句中 that 不可省略、whether 不可替换为 if；主语从句句首 that 不可省略；宾语从句时态一致、否定转移；同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 3. 写作应用：合理运用四类名词性从句，可提升句子复杂度和文章档次，结合本单元“跨文化交流、出国留学”话题，可用于表达观点、说明事实、提出建议等。 三、单元写作清单 【话题分析】 本单元写作核心围绕“出国留学”和“跨国文化交流”展开，贴合单元主题“Bridging Cultures（搭建文化桥梁）”，是高考英语书面表达高频话题。主要考查书信体议论文写作，要求80-100词内清晰呈现出国留学的正反观点、明确个人立场，合理使用逻辑连接词；拓展内容可结合跨国文化交流经历，阐述文化桥梁的意义，兼顾观点表达与本单元词汇、语法（名词性从句、固定搭配）的灵活运用，注重格式规范与逻辑连贯。 核心考查点：1. 书信体格式规范（称呼、结尾、署名）；2. 80-100词内完整呈现正反观点+个人立场，逻辑清晰；3. 本单元核心词汇、短语及语法的精准运用；4. 逻辑连接词的恰当使用；5. 拓展内容中文化交流经历与主题的结合，实现意义升华。 【写作框架】 一、应用文写作：给报社编辑写一封信（议论文·正反观点+个人立场） 书信体格式（规范要点）：称呼（Dear Editor,）→ 问候语（无需单独写，直接切入主题）→ 正文（分3-4段）→ 结尾祝福语（Yours sincerely,）→ 署名（Li Hua/Zhang Wei 等） 正文框架（80-100词，逻辑清晰，精简表述，使用逻辑连接词）： 第一段（1-2句）：引出话题，表明写信目的。简要说明出国留学成热门趋势，写信分享个人看法，为读者提供参考。 第二段（2-3句）：正面观点。用表递进的连接词，从拓宽视野、提升语言能力、增强独立性三个核心角度，结合本单元短语简要阐述出国留学的优势。 第三段（2-3句）：反面观点。用表转折的连接词，从经济压力、文化适应困难两个核心角度，简要说明出国留学的潜在问题。 第四段（1-2句）：个人立场。用表总结的连接词，明确观点（支持有条件的出国留学），简要提出建议，结合文化桥梁意义升华主题。 二、拓展输出：介绍跨国文化交流经历，论述文化桥梁的意义 正文框架（可作为书信补充或单独拓展，贴合高考拓展表达要求，语言简洁）： 第一段（1句）：简要介绍交流经历（时间、地点、形式），呼应本单元谢蕾的经历。 第二段（2句）：细节描写交流过程，融入本单元核心短语，突出文化碰撞与融合。 第三段（2句）：结合经历，简要论述文化桥梁的意义，呼应单元主题，升华观点。 【写作素材】 一、核心词汇 1. 出国留学相关：study abroad（出国留学）、exchange student（交换生）、academic performance（学业成绩）、independence（独立性）、economic pressure（经济压力）、culture shock（文化冲击）、adapt to（适应）、gain a global perspective（拥有全球视野） 2. 文化交流相关：cultural exchange（文化交流）、cultural bonds（文化纽带）、cultural diversity（文化多样性）、bridge the cultural gap（搭建文化桥梁）、expose to foreign cultures（接触异国文化）、strengthen cultural communication（加强文化交流）、mutual understanding（相互理解） 3. 态度观点相关：support（支持）、oppose（反对）、in my opinion（在我看来）、personally（就个人而言）、reasonable（合理的）、feasible（可行的） 二、核心句型 1. 引出话题句型： ·Recently, studying abroad has become popular, sparking a heated discussion. I’m writing to share my opinions on it.（最近，出国留学变得流行，引发热烈讨论。我写信分享我的看法。） ·I’m writing to share my thoughts on studying abroad, hoping to offer some advice for readers.（我写信分享对出国留学的看法，希望为读者提供一些建议。） 2. 正面观点句型（结合名词性从句）： ·Studying abroad helps us gain a global perspective and improve language skills. Besides, it enhances our independence.（出国留学帮助我们拥有全球视野、提升语言能力，此外还能增强独立性。） ·The biggest advantage of studying abroad is that it exposes us to diverse cultures and broadens our horizons.（出国留学最大的优势在于它能让我们接触多元文化、拓宽视野。） 3. 反面观点句型（结合转折连接词）： ·However, it brings great economic pressure to families. What’s more, students may face culture shock at first.（然而，它会给家庭带来巨大经济压力，此外，学生一开始可能会面临文化冲击。） ·On the contrary, some oppose it, arguing that domestic education can also meet students’ needs.（相反，一些人反对，认为国内教育也能满足学生需求。） 4. 个人立场句型： ·In my opinion, it’s a valuable experience but not suitable for everyone. It depends on family conditions and personal goals.（在我看来，这是宝贵的经历，但并不适合所有人，取决于家庭条件和个人目标。） ·To sum up, we should treat it rationally. We can also build cultural bridges through exchange activities.（总之，我们应理性看待，也可通过交流活动搭建文化桥梁。） 5. 文化桥梁意义句型： ·My cross-cultural exchange experience made me realize that cultural exchange is a bridge connecting different nations.（我的跨国文化交流经历让我意识到，文化交流是连接不同民族的桥梁。） ·We can spread our culture and absorb foreign essence through exchange, bridging the cultural gap.（我们可通过交流传播本国文化、吸收异国精华，搭建文化桥梁。） 三、逻辑连接词（必背，增强文章逻辑性） 1. 表递进：besides（此外）、furthermore（此外）、in addition（另外）、what’s more（而且）、moreover（此外） 2. 表转折：however（然而）、on the contrary（相反）、nevertheless（尽管如此）、in spite of（尽管）、although（虽然） 3. 表对比：on the one hand...on the other hand...（一方面……另一方面……）、while（而）、whereas（然而） 4. 表总结：in conclusion（总之）、to sum up（总而言之）、in short（简而言之）、in a word（总之）、personally（就个人而言） 5. 表举例：for example（例如）、for instance（比如）、such as（比如）、take...for example（以……为例） 【范文背诵】 范文一：给报社编辑的一封信（阐述出国留学正反观点+个人立场） Dear Editor, I’m Li Hua, a senior high school student. Recently, studying abroad has become popular, and I’m writing to share my opinions on it. Studying abroad helps us gain a global perspective and improve language skills. Besides, it enhances our independence. However, it brings great economic pressure to families, and students may face culture shock at first. In my opinion, it’s a valuable experience but not suitable for everyone. We should treat it rationally and can also build cultural bridges through exchange activities. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 范文二：结合跨国文化交流经历，论述文化桥梁的意义 Dear Editor, I’m writing to share my cross-cultural exchange experience and my understanding of cultural bridges. Last summer, I joined a one-month summer camp in London. At first, I felt nervous due to cultural differences, but I soon adapted and engaged in various cultural activities with foreign friends, introducing Chinese culture to them. This experience made me realize that cultural exchange is a bridge connecting different nations. It helps eliminate misunderstanding and promotes mutual friendship. We can build such bridges through various exchange activities. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 易错点01 adapt to 与 adjust to 混用及搭配错误 【一句话辨异】 Xie Lei tried to adapt to the new life in London quickly, and she also had to adjust herself to the different teaching methods there. 谢蕾努力快速适应伦敦的新生活，同时也不得不调整自己去适应那里不同的教学方式。 【错因辨析】 1. 二者虽都有“适应”之意，但搭配和语境不同，是完形填空、语法填空高频易错点： ①adapt to：侧重适应全新的环境、文化、生活模式，主语多为人或物，核心搭配为 adapt to sth.（适应某事/物），本单元核心短语，常结合跨文化交流场景考查。 ② adjust to：侧重调整自身状态、习惯去适配某一情况，常接反身代词（adjust oneself to sth.），也可接具体事物（如调整钟表、计划），语境更偏向“微调适配”。 2. 核心禁忌：二者不可随意替换，且都为不及物动词短语，不可直接接宾语（需加介词 to），避免出现 adapt new environment 这类错误。 3. 高频错句对比： ❌ She adapted herself to the new culture quickly.（搭配不当，adapt 无需接反身代词） ✅ She adapted to the new culture quickly.（正确） ❌ He adjusted to the clock before going to bed.（语境不当，调整钟表用 adjust 即可，无需加 to） ✅ He adjusted the clock before going to bed.（正确） 【助记口诀】 adapt 适应新环境，直接加 to 不用宾；adjust 微调自身态，接反身代更合适。 【对点训练】 It took the exchange student a long time to ______ the life in China. A. adapt to B. adjust C. adapt D. adjust for 易错点02 表语从句中 that 的省略误用 【一句话辨异】 The biggest advantage of studying abroad is that it can help us gain a global perspective, not that it can bring us more chances to travel. 出国留学最大的优势是它能帮助我们拥有全球视野，而非能给我们带来更多旅行的机会。 【错因辨析】 1. 表语从句中，that 仅起连接作用、无实义、不充当成分，但绝对不可省略，这是与宾语从句的核心区别（宾语从句中 that 口语/非正式文体可省略），是本单元语法填空、短文改错核心考点。 2. 固定句型易错：The reason why...is that...（……的原因是……）为固定表语从句句型，严禁省略 that，切勿受汉语思维影响，出现 The reason is he is late 这类错误。 3. 高频错句对比： ❌ What we need to do is we should participate in more cultural activities.（错误，漏 that） ✅ What we need to do is that we should participate in more cultural activities.（正确） ❌ The reason she felt lonely was she missed her family.（错误，漏 that） ✅ The reason she felt lonely was that she missed her family.（正确） 【助记口诀】 表语从句 that 不删，Reason 句型记心间；宾从可省它不行，语法填空常考点。 【对点训练】 The truth is ______ cultural exchange can bridge the gap between different nations. A. / B. what C. that D. whether 易错点03 participate in、join 与 take part in 混用 【一句话辨异】 He decided to join the school’s international club and take part in the sports meeting, and he also planned to participate in the cultural exchange activity next month. 他决定加入学校的国际俱乐部、参加运动会，还计划下个月参与文化交流活动。 【错因辨析】 1. 三者都有“参加”之意，但搭配和使用场景不同，是写作、完形填空高频易错点： ① join：侧重加入团体、组织、人群，成为其中一员，后接俱乐部、团队、某人等（如 join the club、join us）。 ② take part in：口语通用，侧重参与普通活动、比赛，后接具体活动（如 take part in the sports meeting），强调参与过程。 ③ participate in：正式书面用语，多用于学术、课堂、社会活动，是写作高分替换词，核心搭配为 participate in sth.（如 participate in class discussion），语法填空常考查其名词形式 participation。 2. 核心禁忌：participate 为不及物动词，不可直接接宾语，必须加介词 in；join 后接活动时，需加 in（join in the activity），避免出现 participate the activity 这类错误。 3. 高频错句对比： ❌ She joined in the international organization last year.（搭配不当，加入组织用 join 即可） ✅ She joined the international organization last year.（正确） ❌ All students are required to participate the class discussion.（搭配错误，需加 in） ✅ All students are required to participate in the class discussion.（正确） 【助记口诀】 join 加入某团体，take part in 活动赛；participate in 书面语，加 in 接宾别忘记。 【对点训练】 More and more teenagers are willing to ______ the cross-cultural exchange activities to broaden their horizons. A. join B. take part in C. participate D. participate in 易错点04 主语从句中 whether 与 if 的混用 【一句话辨异】 Whether we can adapt to the new cultural environment quickly is still a question, and it is clear that if we work hard, we can overcome all difficulties. 我们能否快速适应新的文化环境仍是个问题，且很明显，如果我们努力，就能克服所有困难。 【错因辨析】 1. 主语从句中，表“是否”只能用 whether，不可用 if；if 仅可用于动词后的宾语从句中表“是否”，这是本单元名词性从句核心易错点。 2. 延伸考点：表语从句、同位语从句中表“是否”，也只能用 whether，不可替换为 if；只有宾语从句（动词后）中，whether 和 if 可互换。 3. 高频错句对比： ❌ If we can qualify for the exchange program is unknown.（错误，主语从句用 whether） ✅ Whether we can qualify for the exchange program is unknown.（正确） ❌ The question is if we can feel at home in a foreign country.（错误，表语从句用 whether） ✅ The question is whether we can feel at home in a foreign country.（正确） 【助记口诀】 主表同位用 whether，宾从动词可换 if；两种句式分清楚，名词从句不出错。 【对点训练】 ______ we can strengthen cultural bonds with foreign friends depends on our active participation. A. If B. Whether C. That D. What 一、默写重点单词 1._____________vt. 成为……的动机；激发；激励 2. _____________n. 期望；预期；期待 3. _____________n. 申请人 4. ____________vt. 使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境) 二、找出下列句子中的名词性从句并分类 1.What is important in study is diligence rather than intelligence. ________________________________ 2.The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race. __________________________________________________________ 3.It is a fact that holidays are a major test of any relationship. __________________________________________________________ 4.He looks as though he hasn't had a square meal for weeks. ________________________________________________ 三、语法填空 Lions, tigers and other animals are staying awake at night 　1　 (avoid) human beings, a new study finds. Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature. Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away 　2　 people. By being awake at night, animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time 　3　 (look) for food. The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can 　4　 (fright) animals and cause them to become more active at night. 　5　 had been studied were lions in Tanzania, tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil. Researchers compared 　6　 (careful) how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities, such as hunting and farming. It was human activities that caused 　7　 increase of about 20 percent in night-time activities, even in creatures that usually sleep at night. Results 　8　 (publish) in the journal Science two months ago. The new findings are 　9　 (usual) because no one else has looked at it in such detail before. Ecologist Marlee Tucker was 　10　 (surprise) that any kind of human activities is enough for animals to see people as a threat. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　 6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________ 四、阅读理解 A Campus Resources Bookstore The bookstores supply required and recommended textbooks, reference materials, and college sportswear. You can buy or rent textbooks. Access more details about the bookstore on My Macomb. Locations: South Campus K Building 586.445.7385 Center Campus P Building 586.286.2093 Library Macomb Community College’s Library collections contain print and multimedia materials covering a wide range of topics. Each campus library features resources in the program areas offered at that location. Center Campus focuses on Nursing, Public Safety, and Early Childhood Education. The South Campus Library highlights Applied Technology, Media and Communication Arts, and Engineering Technology. Locations: South Campus J Building 586.445.7401 Center Campus C Building 586.286.2104 College Success Skills-CSSK-1200 CSSK is a three-credit-hour course that is open to all students. You will learn what it takes to be a successful college student, explore campus resources, and connect with other students. You will also learn goal setting, study strategies, time management and educational planning. Career (职业) Development and Decision Making-LIFE-1010 LIFE is a three-credit-hour course. It will guide you to explore your interests, personality and values as they’re late to the world of work. This course is suggested if you are undecided on a job path, or have ideas about what you want to do but are unsure how to get there. In this class you will tour companies and talk to professionals in different industries. 1．Where can you get multimedia materials in Engineering Technology? A．South Campus K Building    586.445.7385 B．Center Campus P Building    586.286.2093 C．South Campus J Building    586.445.7401 D．Center Campus C Building    586.286.2104 2．Why is the course LIFE established? A．To guide students to explore campus resources. B．To inspire students to develop research interests. C．To encourage students to set educational plans. D．To help students make suitable career choices. 3．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A course plan. B．A student guide. C．An academic article. D．A college newspaper. B Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. There isn’t. This made me realize that there’s no egg in eggplant either. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn. For example, when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. And speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing? If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same? If “indirect” is the opposite of “direct”, why “indifferent” is not the opposite of “different” and why do “invaluable” and “valuable” both mean being of great value? Even the smallest of words can be confusing. When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that?” What about “IT” and “US”? You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off! English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends. 4．Why does the author mention his five-year-old son’s question at the beginning? A．To prove kids are curious about food. B．To introduce the topic that English is confusing. C．To explain the origin of English words. D．To show children learn English easily. 5．According to paragraph 3, which pair of words has opposite meanings? A．shameless and shameful. B．different and indifferent. C．harmless and harmful. D．valuable and invaluable. 6．What does the underlined phrase “goes off” most probably mean? A．stops working B．breaks down C．disappears D．makes a sound 7．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To show that English is confusing but creative. B．To tell us that English is very difficult to learn. C．To give advice on how to learn English. D．To explain how English was created. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1/10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. say goodbye to 向…… 道别 2. board a plane 登上飞机 3. adapt to 适应 4. get used to 习惯于 5. public transport 公共交通 6. ask sb. for help 向某人求助 7. live with a host family 寄宿在寄宿家庭 8. feel comforted 感到宽慰 9. a second family 第二个家（寄宿家庭） 10. academic requirements 学业要求 11. acknowledge others’ ideas 认可他人观点 12. form a wise opinion 形成独到见解 13. speak up in class 在课堂上主动发言 14. boost one’s confidence 增强某人自信 15. engage in social activities 参与社交活动 二、写作词汇： 1. a dramatic increase in …… 的急剧增长 2. face economic pressure 面临经济压力 3. end up doing sth. 最终做某事 4. culture shock 文化冲击 5. suffer from depression 患上抑郁 6. personal growth 个人成长 7. gain a global perspective 拥有全球视野 8. cultural exchange 文化交流 9. cultural envoys 文化使者 10. promote friendship between nations 促进国家间友谊 11. contribute to the development of … 助力…… 发展 12. build character 塑造品格 13. strengthen cultural understanding 加深文化理解 14. a life-changing experience 改变一生的经历 三、词汇变形： 1. ambitiously adv. 雄心勃勃地 → ambitious adj. 有抱负的 → ambition n. 抱负，志向 2. adapt v. 适应 → adaptation n. 适应；改编本 3. comfort n./v. 安慰；舒适 → comforted adj. 感到宽慰的 → comfortable adj. 舒适的 4. confuse v. 使困惑 → confused adj. 感到困惑的 → confusing adj. 令人困惑的 → confusion n. 困惑 5. require v. 需要；要求 → requirement n. 要求，必备条件 6. explain v. 解释 → explanation n. 解释，说明 7. qualify v. （使）具备资格 → qualification n. 资格证书；学历 8. present v. 展示；颁发 → presentation n. 课堂展示；报告 9. confident adj. 自信的 → confidence n. 自信 10. cooperate v. 合作 → cooperation n. 合作 11. mature adj. 成熟的 → maturity n. 成熟 12. optimistic adj. 乐观的 → optimism n. 乐观 13. logic n. 逻辑 → logically adv. 合乎逻辑地 14. strengthen v. 加强 → strength n. 力量 15. observe v. 观察；遵守 → observation n. 观察 四、拓展词汇 1. accommodation n. 住处，宿舍 2. perspective n. 视角，观点 3. multicultural adj. 多元文化的 4. ethnic adj. 民族的；种族的 5. candidate n. 申请者，候选人 6. essay n. 短文，论文 7. budget n. 预算 8. diverse adj. 多样的，不同的 9. initiative n. 倡议（Belt and Road Initiative 一带一路倡议） 五、熟词生义 1. bridge n. 桥 → v. 搭建桥梁；沟通（bridge cultures 沟通文化） 2. board n. 木板；董事会 → v. 登上（飞机 / 轮船） 3. present adj. 在场的 → v. 展示，做报告 4. qualify v. （使）合格 → n. qualification 学历证书 5. engage v. 吸引；聘用 → engage in 参与，参加 6. bank n. 银行 → v. 依靠（文中无，替换为课内） 7. shock n. 震动 → culture shock 文化冲击 8. advance v. 前进 → in advance 提前 9. perspective n. 透视 → 观点，视野 10. host n. 主人 → host family 寄宿家庭 写作 句型 1. Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture.（教材 P14） 尽管有些外国学生住在校内宿舍，谢蕾选择寄宿家庭，他们能帮助她适应新文化。 2. The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!（教材 P14） 她第一次写论文时，导师告诉她，如果引用他人观点，必须注明出处，但导师最想了解的是她自己的想法。 3. At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.（教材 P15） 起初谢蕾完全不知道该说什么，但令她意外的是，仅仅几周后她就敢于在课堂主动发言。 4. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.（教材 P17） 从前看起来怪异的事情，如今对谢蕾来说已经习以为常。 5. All in all, one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages.（教材 P20） 总而言之，不可否认出国留学存在弊端。 语法 名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句） 写作 · 应用文写作：给报社编辑写一封信，表达你对于出国留学的看法（议论文，正反观点 + 个人立场，使用逻辑连接词） · 拓展输出：介绍跨国文化交流经历，论述文化桥梁的意义 一、知识点精讲 1. adapt v. 适应；改编 【词汇拓展】 ·adaptation n. 适应；改编本 ·adaptable adj. 适应性强的 ·adapt to 适应…… 【例句】 ①Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture. 尽管一些外国学生住在校园宿舍，谢蕾选择与寄宿家庭同住，以便能更好地适应新文化。（课文原句） ②The novel has been adapted for television. 这部小说被改编成了电视剧。（阅读理解高频题材） ③His quick adaptation to the new culture surprised his host family. 他快速适应新文化的能力让寄宿家庭十分惊讶。（语法填空考点） 【易混辨析】adjust / adapt（核心考点：动词搭配及语境辨析） · adjust：侧重调整物品、调整自身状态，常接具体事物或反身代词，如 adjust the clock（调钟表）、adjust oneself to sth.（调整自己适应某事），语境更偏向“微调适配”。 · adapt：侧重适应全新环境、文化，或改编文学作品，核心搭配为 adapt to（适应）、adapt sth. for sth.（改编某物），是本单元核心考点，完形填空、语法填空高频考查。 2. participation n. 参加；参与 【词汇拓展】 ·participate in 参加；参与（正式书面用语） ·participant n. 参与者 【例句】 ①All students are required to participate in class discussion. 所有学生都必须参与课堂讨论。 ②Active participation in social activities helps reduce culture shock. 积极参与社交活动有助于缓解文化冲击。（书面表达万能句） ③The participation score accounts for 30% of the final result. 课堂参与分占期末成绩的30%。（完形填空校园场景） 【易混辨析】join / take part in / participate in （核心考点：固定搭配及使用场景，写作、完形高频考点） · join：侧重加入团体、人群，后接组织、团队等，如 join the club（加入俱乐部）、join us（加入我们），强调成为其中一员。 · take part in：侧重参与普通活动、比赛，口语通用，后接具体活动，如 take part in the sports meeting（参加运动会），强调参与过程。 · participate in：正式书面用语，多用于学术、课堂、社会活动，是写作高分替换词，核心搭配为 participate in sth.，如 participate in class discussion（参与课堂讨论），语法填空常考查其名词形式 participation。 3. engage vi.&vt. 参与；吸引 【词汇拓展】 ·engage in (使)从事；参与 ·engaged adj. 忙碌的；已订婚的 ·engagement n. 参与；约会 【例句】 ①Xie Lei engaged in various social activities to share Chinese culture. 谢蕾参与各类社交活动，传播中国文化。（课文改编） ②The professor tried to engage students’ attention with interesting stories. 教授用有趣的故事吸引学生注意力。（语法填空） ③He is fully engaged in his research on global business. 他全身心投入全球商业研究。（议论文素材） 4. perspective n. 角度；观点 【词汇拓展】 ·from one’s perspective 在某人看来 ·gain a global perspective 拥有全球视野 【例句】 ①Studying abroad helps you view the world from a new perspective. 出国留学能让你以全新视角看待世界。（写作高分句） ②From the parents’ perspective, studying abroad costs too much money. 站在家长的角度，出国留学开销太大。（议论文正反观点） ③Different cultures offer us different perspectives on life. 不同文化带给我们看待生活的不同角度。（阅读理解主旨句） 【易混辨析】opinion / perspective（核心考点：名词辨析，写作、阅读理解高频考点） · opinion：单纯指个人看法、观点，较浅显，可用于日常交流和简单写作，如 in my opinion（在我看来），无特殊语境限制。 · perspective：指带有自身经历、文化背景的深度视角，是高级写作词汇，核心搭配为 from one’s perspective（在某人看来）、gain a global perspective（拥有全球视野），阅读理解常作为主旨题选项，写作中使用可提升文章档次。 5. qualify vi.&vt. (使)具备资格；(使)合格 【词汇拓展】 ·qualification n. 资格证书；学历 ·be qualified for 胜任……；有……资格 ·be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事 【例句】 ①Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and has come to our university on a year-long exchange programme. 谢蕾正在中国一所大学攻读商科资格证书，她来到我们大学参加为期一年的交流项目。（课文原句） ②She is fully qualified to work as a cultural envoy. 她完全有资格担任文化使者。（书面表达） ③This certificate will qualify you for overseas jobs. 这份证书能让你获得海外工作的应聘资格。（完形职场场景） 6. expose vt. 使接触；使体验；暴露 【词汇拓展】 ·exposure n. 接触；体验；暴露 ·expose sb. to sth. 使某人接触某物 【例句】 ①Exposure to foreign cultures broadens teenagers’ horizons. 接触异国文化能够拓宽青少年眼界。（语法填空主语从句） ②Living abroad exposes you to different ways of thinking. 海外生活让你接触到不同的思维方式。（议论文） ③Don’t expose your skin to strong sunlight for too long. 不要让皮肤长时间暴晒在强光下。（阅读理解科普文） 7. strengthen vt.&vi. 加强；增强；巩固 【词汇拓展】 ·strength n. 力量；优势 ·strong adj. 强壮的；牢固的 ·strengthen ties/relationship/understanding加强联系/关系/理解 【例句】 ①Studying abroad can strengthen cultural bonds between countries. 出国留学能够巩固国家间的文化纽带。（课本改编写） ②Communicating with foreign friends strengthens our understanding of diversity. 和外国友人交流加深我们对文化多样性的理解。（书信作文） ③Daily exercise strengthens your body and mind. 日常锻炼强健身心。（应用文万能句） 8. feel at home 舒服自在；不拘束 【词汇拓展】 at home 在家；精通 make sb. feel at home 让某人感到宾至如归 comfort zone 舒适区 【例句】 ①Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK. 现在谢蕾已经度过了半年的交换年，她在英国感觉更加自在了。（课文原句） ②We prepared traditional Chinese food to make exchange students feel at home. 我们准备中国传统美食，让交换生感到宾至如归。（读后续写校园场景） ③Stepping out of your comfort zone helps you grow. 走出舒适区才能获得成长。（议论文金句） 二、核心语法精讲——名词性从句 表语从句 （一）核心定义 表语从句是在复合句中充当表语的从句，通常放在系动词（be, seem, appear, look, sound, feel, become, remain 等）之后，用于说明主语的具体内容、性质、状态、原因或结果等。 （二）基本结构 基本结构：主语+系动词+表语从句 例句：What surprised Xie Lei most was that the host family treated her like their own daughter. 译文：最让谢蕾惊讶的是，寄宿家庭像对待亲生女儿一样对待她。（that 引导表语从句，不可省略） （三）常用引导词及用法 1. that（无实际意义，不充当成分，不可省略，核心考点） 1　 Xie Lei's biggest achievement was that she adapted to the new life in London quickly. 译文：谢蕾最大的成就就是她很快适应了伦敦的新生活。 2　 The fact was that cultural exchange can bridge the gap between different countries. 译文：事实是文化交流能够弥合不同国家之间的隔阂。 2. wh-类连接词（what, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, whether，有实际含义，充当成分） 1　 What we need to understand is how we can strengthen cultural bonds with foreign friends. 译文：我们需要明白的是如何与外国友人加强文化纽带。 2　 The question was not about whether we should participate in the exchange program. 译文：问题不在于我们是否应该参加这个交换项目。 3　 This was when Xie Lei began to engage in various social activities. 译文：就在那时，谢蕾开始参与各类社交活动。 3. because, as if/though（表原因、方式，提升书面表达句式丰富度） 1　 It seemed as if all the cultural differences were easy to overcome. 译文：仿佛所有的文化差异都很容易克服。 2　 The reason why she felt lonely was because she missed her family and traditional Chinese food. 译文：她感到孤独的原因是她想念家人和中国传统美食。 （四）核心考点与易错点 1. that 不可省略（与宾语从句核心区别） ❌ 错误：The advantage of studying abroad is it can help us gain a global perspective. ✅ 正确：The advantage of studying abroad is that it can help us gain a global perspective. 译文：出国留学的优势在于它能帮助我们拥有全球视野。 2. whether 不可替换为 if（表语从句专属要求） ❌ 错误：The doubt is if we can feel at home in a foreign country. ✅ 正确：The doubt is whether we can feel at home in a foreign country. 译文：疑问是我们能否在异国他乡感到自在。 3. 主语从句+be+表语从句（本单元核心句式，提升写作档次） 课本原句改写：What Xie Lei was determined to do was how she could communicate effectively with the host family. 译文：谢蕾下定决心要做的事就是如何能与寄宿家庭有效沟通。 主语从句 （一）核心定义 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，可位于句首，也可用 it 作形式主语置于句首，真正的主语从句放在句末，避免句子头重脚轻。 （二）基本结构 结构1：主语从句+谓语+其他成分 结构2：It+谓语+其他成分+主语从句（it 作形式主语） （三）常用引导词及用法 1. that（无实际意义，不充当成分，句首不可省略） 1　 That Xie Lei adapted to the new life quickly surprised everyone. 译文：谢蕾很快适应了新生活，这让所有人都很惊讶。 2　 It is clear that cultural communication can broaden our horizons. 译文：很明显，文化交流能够拓宽我们的视野。（It 作形式主语、that 引导主语从句） 2. wh-类连接词（what, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, whether，有实际含义，充当成分） 1　 What matters most is that we should respect cultural differences. 译文：最重要的是我们应该尊重文化差异。 2　 Who can bridge the cultural gap remains unknown. 译文：谁能搭建文化桥梁还不得而知。 3　 It is still a question whether we can qualify for the exchange program. 译文：我们能否获得交换项目的资格仍然是个问题。 3. it 作形式主语的常用句型 句型1：It is + 形容词（important/clear/necessary）+ that 从句 例句：It is important that we should engage in local social activities. 译文：我们应该参与当地的社交活动，这一点很重要。 句型2：It is + 名词（fact/truth/pity）+ that 从句 例句：It is a fact that studying abroad can strengthen our independence. 译文：出国留学能增强我们的独立性，这是事实。 （四）核心考点与易错点 1. 句首 that 不可省略（与 it 作形式主语时的区别） ❌ 错误：Xie Lei adapted to the new life quickly surprised everyone. ✅ 正确：That Xie Lei adapted to the new life quickly surprised everyone. 2. 主语从句中表“是否”只能用 whether，不可用 if ❌ 错误：It is unknown if we can feel at home in a foreign country. ✅ 正确：It is unknown whether we can feel at home in a foreign country. 宾语从句 （一）核心定义 宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的从句，可作动词、介词或形容词的宾语，本单元常结合“交流、学习、认知”类动词出现。 （二）基本结构 基本结构：主句+谓语动词/介词/形容词+宾语从句 （三）常用引导词及用法 1. that（无实际意义，不充当成分，口语和非正式文体中可省略） 1　 Xie Lei found that living with a host family was helpful for her adaptation. 译文：谢蕾发现，寄宿在寄宿家庭有助于她适应新生活。 2　 Her tutor explained that she must acknowledge others’ ideas if she cited them. 译文：她的导师解释说，如果引用他人的观点，她必须认可这些观点。 2. wh-类连接词（what, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, whether，有实际含义，充当成分） 1　 Xie Lei wondered how she could improve her academic performance quickly. 译文：谢蕾想知道如何能快速提高自己的学业成绩。 2　 She asked the host family what traditional British food they usually ate. 译文：她问寄宿家庭，他们通常吃什么英国传统食物。 3　 We are talking about whether we should participate in the cultural exchange activity. 译文：我们正在讨论是否应该参加这次文化交流活动。 3. if（表“是否”，可替换 whether，仅用于动词后的宾语从句） 1　 Xie Lei asked if the host family liked Chinese culture. 译文：谢蕾问寄宿家庭是否喜欢中国文化。 （四）核心考点与易错点 1. 时态一致（主句为过去时，从句需用相应过去时态，客观真理除外） ❌ 错误：Xie Lei found that the host family are very friendly. ✅ 正确：Xie Lei found that the host family were very friendly. 2. 否定转移（think, believe, suppose 等动词后，否定词转移至主句） 本单元话题例句：I don’t think that cultural shock is insurmountable. 译文：我认为文化冲击并非不可克服。 同位语从句 （一）核心定义 同位语从句是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，位于名词（fact, truth, idea, question, news, suggestion 等）之后，对该名词进行解释说明，说明其具体内容。 （二）基本结构 基本结构：名词+同位语从句 （三）常用引导词及用法（结合本单元话题，课本原句优先） 1. that（无实际意义，不充当成分，不可省略，核心考点） 1　 We all know the fact that cultural exchange can promote mutual understanding. 译文：我们都知道这个事实：文化交流能够促进相互理解。 2　 He put forward the suggestion that we should strengthen cultural communication. 译文：他提出了一个建议：我们应该加强文化交流。 2. wh-类连接词（what, who, when, where, why, how，有实际含义，充当成分） 1　 We have no idea when the next cultural exchange activity will be held. 译文：我们不知道下一次文化交流活动将在何时举行。 2　 The question how we can adapt to the new culture quickly is worth discussing. 译文：我们如何快速适应新文化这个问题值得讨论。 （四）核心考点与易错点 1. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别（核心考点） · 同位语从句：that 不充当成分，仅起连接作用，说明名词“是什么”； · 定语从句：that 充当主语、宾语等成分，修饰名词“是什么样的”。 例句1（同位语从句）：The idea that we should learn from each other is very good.（that 不充当成分，说明 idea 的内容） 例句2（定语从句）：The idea that he put forward is very good.（that 作 put forward 的宾语，修饰 idea） 2. 部分名词后只能用 that 引导同位语从句（如 fact, truth, news 等） ❌ 错误：We heard the news if our team won the competition. ✅ 正确：We heard the news that our team won the competition. 五、四类名词性从句综合总结 1. 引导词共性：that 无实际意义、不充当成分；wh-类引导词有实际意义、充当成分；whether 表“是否”，部分场景可替换 if（宾语从句除外）。 2. 高频考点：表语从句中 that 不可省略、whether 不可替换为 if；主语从句句首 that 不可省略；宾语从句时态一致、否定转移；同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 3. 写作应用：合理运用四类名词性从句，可提升句子复杂度和文章档次，结合本单元“跨文化交流、出国留学”话题，可用于表达观点、说明事实、提出建议等。 三、单元写作清单 【话题分析】 本单元写作核心围绕“出国留学”和“跨国文化交流”展开，贴合单元主题“Bridging Cultures（搭建文化桥梁）”，是高考英语书面表达高频话题。主要考查书信体议论文写作，要求80-100词内清晰呈现出国留学的正反观点、明确个人立场，合理使用逻辑连接词；拓展内容可结合跨国文化交流经历，阐述文化桥梁的意义，兼顾观点表达与本单元词汇、语法（名词性从句、固定搭配）的灵活运用，注重格式规范与逻辑连贯。 核心考查点：1. 书信体格式规范（称呼、结尾、署名）；2. 80-100词内完整呈现正反观点+个人立场，逻辑清晰；3. 本单元核心词汇、短语及语法的精准运用；4. 逻辑连接词的恰当使用；5. 拓展内容中文化交流经历与主题的结合，实现意义升华。 【写作框架】 一、应用文写作：给报社编辑写一封信（议论文·正反观点+个人立场） 书信体格式（规范要点）：称呼（Dear Editor,）→ 问候语（无需单独写，直接切入主题）→ 正文（分3-4段）→ 结尾祝福语（Yours sincerely,）→ 署名（Li Hua/Zhang Wei 等） 正文框架（80-100词，逻辑清晰，精简表述，使用逻辑连接词）： 第一段（1-2句）：引出话题，表明写信目的。简要说明出国留学成热门趋势，写信分享个人看法，为读者提供参考。 第二段（2-3句）：正面观点。用表递进的连接词，从拓宽视野、提升语言能力、增强独立性三个核心角度，结合本单元短语简要阐述出国留学的优势。 第三段（2-3句）：反面观点。用表转折的连接词，从经济压力、文化适应困难两个核心角度，简要说明出国留学的潜在问题。 第四段（1-2句）：个人立场。用表总结的连接词，明确观点（支持有条件的出国留学），简要提出建议，结合文化桥梁意义升华主题。 二、拓展输出：介绍跨国文化交流经历，论述文化桥梁的意义 正文框架（可作为书信补充或单独拓展，贴合高考拓展表达要求，语言简洁）： 第一段（1句）：简要介绍交流经历（时间、地点、形式），呼应本单元谢蕾的经历。 第二段（2句）：细节描写交流过程，融入本单元核心短语，突出文化碰撞与融合。 第三段（2句）：结合经历，简要论述文化桥梁的意义，呼应单元主题，升华观点。 【写作素材】 一、核心词汇 1. 出国留学相关：study abroad（出国留学）、exchange student（交换生）、academic performance（学业成绩）、independence（独立性）、economic pressure（经济压力）、culture shock（文化冲击）、adapt to（适应）、gain a global perspective（拥有全球视野） 2. 文化交流相关：cultural exchange（文化交流）、cultural bonds（文化纽带）、cultural diversity（文化多样性）、bridge the cultural gap（搭建文化桥梁）、expose to foreign cultures（接触异国文化）、strengthen cultural communication（加强文化交流）、mutual understanding（相互理解） 3. 态度观点相关：support（支持）、oppose（反对）、in my opinion（在我看来）、personally（就个人而言）、reasonable（合理的）、feasible（可行的） 二、核心句型 1. 引出话题句型： ·Recently, studying abroad has become popular, sparking a heated discussion. I’m writing to share my opinions on it.（最近，出国留学变得流行，引发热烈讨论。我写信分享我的看法。） ·I’m writing to share my thoughts on studying abroad, hoping to offer some advice for readers.（我写信分享对出国留学的看法，希望为读者提供一些建议。） 2. 正面观点句型（结合名词性从句）： ·Studying abroad helps us gain a global perspective and improve language skills. Besides, it enhances our independence.（出国留学帮助我们拥有全球视野、提升语言能力，此外还能增强独立性。） ·The biggest advantage of studying abroad is that it exposes us to diverse cultures and broadens our horizons.（出国留学最大的优势在于它能让我们接触多元文化、拓宽视野。） 3. 反面观点句型（结合转折连接词）： ·However, it brings great economic pressure to families. What’s more, students may face culture shock at first.（然而，它会给家庭带来巨大经济压力，此外，学生一开始可能会面临文化冲击。） ·On the contrary, some oppose it, arguing that domestic education can also meet students’ needs.（相反，一些人反对，认为国内教育也能满足学生需求。） 4. 个人立场句型： ·In my opinion, it’s a valuable experience but not suitable for everyone. It depends on family conditions and personal goals.（在我看来，这是宝贵的经历，但并不适合所有人，取决于家庭条件和个人目标。） ·To sum up, we should treat it rationally. We can also build cultural bridges through exchange activities.（总之，我们应理性看待，也可通过交流活动搭建文化桥梁。） 5. 文化桥梁意义句型： ·My cross-cultural exchange experience made me realize that cultural exchange is a bridge connecting different nations.（我的跨国文化交流经历让我意识到，文化交流是连接不同民族的桥梁。） ·We can spread our culture and absorb foreign essence through exchange, bridging the cultural gap.（我们可通过交流传播本国文化、吸收异国精华，搭建文化桥梁。） 三、逻辑连接词（必背，增强文章逻辑性） 1. 表递进：besides（此外）、furthermore（此外）、in addition（另外）、what’s more（而且）、moreover（此外） 2. 表转折：however（然而）、on the contrary（相反）、nevertheless（尽管如此）、in spite of（尽管）、although（虽然） 3. 表对比：on the one hand...on the other hand...（一方面……另一方面……）、while（而）、whereas（然而） 4. 表总结：in conclusion（总之）、to sum up（总而言之）、in short（简而言之）、in a word（总之）、personally（就个人而言） 5. 表举例：for example（例如）、for instance（比如）、such as（比如）、take...for example（以……为例） 【范文背诵】 范文一：给报社编辑的一封信（阐述出国留学正反观点+个人立场） Dear Editor, I’m Li Hua, a senior high school student. Recently, studying abroad has become popular, and I’m writing to share my opinions on it. Studying abroad helps us gain a global perspective and improve language skills. Besides, it enhances our independence. However, it brings great economic pressure to families, and students may face culture shock at first. In my opinion, it’s a valuable experience but not suitable for everyone. We should treat it rationally and can also build cultural bridges through exchange activities. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 范文二：结合跨国文化交流经历，论述文化桥梁的意义 Dear Editor, I’m writing to share my cross-cultural exchange experience and my understanding of cultural bridges. Last summer, I joined a one-month summer camp in London. At first, I felt nervous due to cultural differences, but I soon adapted and engaged in various cultural activities with foreign friends, introducing Chinese culture to them. This experience made me realize that cultural exchange is a bridge connecting different nations. It helps eliminate misunderstanding and promotes mutual friendship. We can build such bridges through various exchange activities. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 易错点01 adapt to 与 adjust to 混用及搭配错误 【一句话辨异】 Xie Lei tried to adapt to the new life in London quickly, and she also had to adjust herself to the different teaching methods there. 谢蕾努力快速适应伦敦的新生活，同时也不得不调整自己去适应那里不同的教学方式。 【错因辨析】 1. 二者虽都有“适应”之意，但搭配和语境不同，是完形填空、语法填空高频易错点： ①adapt to：侧重适应全新的环境、文化、生活模式，主语多为人或物，核心搭配为 adapt to sth.（适应某事/物），本单元核心短语，常结合跨文化交流场景考查。 ② adjust to：侧重调整自身状态、习惯去适配某一情况，常接反身代词（adjust oneself to sth.），也可接具体事物（如调整钟表、计划），语境更偏向“微调适配”。 2. 核心禁忌：二者不可随意替换，且都为不及物动词短语，不可直接接宾语（需加介词 to），避免出现 adapt new environment 这类错误。 3. 高频错句对比： ❌ She adapted herself to the new culture quickly.（搭配不当，adapt 无需接反身代词） ✅ She adapted to the new culture quickly.（正确） ❌ He adjusted to the clock before going to bed.（语境不当，调整钟表用 adjust 即可，无需加 to） ✅ He adjusted the clock before going to bed.（正确） 【助记口诀】 adapt 适应新环境，直接加 to 不用宾；adjust 微调自身态，接反身代更合适。 【对点训练】 It took the exchange student a long time to ______ the life in China. A. adapt to B. adjust C. adapt D. adjust for 答案：A 解析：句意为“交换生花了很长时间才适应中国的生活”，侧重适应全新生活环境，用 adapt to；adjust 后需加 to 接宾语，adjust for 意为“为……调整”，不符合句意，故选 A。 易错点02 表语从句中 that 的省略误用 【一句话辨异】 The biggest advantage of studying abroad is that it can help us gain a global perspective, not that it can bring us more chances to travel. 出国留学最大的优势是它能帮助我们拥有全球视野，而非能给我们带来更多旅行的机会。 【错因辨析】 1. 表语从句中，that 仅起连接作用、无实义、不充当成分，但绝对不可省略，这是与宾语从句的核心区别（宾语从句中 that 口语/非正式文体可省略），是本单元语法填空、短文改错核心考点。 2. 固定句型易错：The reason why...is that...（……的原因是……）为固定表语从句句型，严禁省略 that，切勿受汉语思维影响，出现 The reason is he is late 这类错误。 3. 高频错句对比： ❌ What we need to do is we should participate in more cultural activities.（错误，漏 that） ✅ What we need to do is that we should participate in more cultural activities.（正确） ❌ The reason she felt lonely was she missed her family.（错误，漏 that） ✅ The reason she felt lonely was that she missed her family.（正确） 【助记口诀】 表语从句 that 不删，Reason 句型记心间；宾从可省它不行，语法填空常考点。 【对点训练】 The truth is ______ cultural exchange can bridge the gap between different nations. A. / B. what C. that D. whether 答案：C 解析：本句为表语从句，从句句意完整、不缺成分，需用 that 连接且不可省略；what 需在从句中充当成分，whether 表“是否”，不符合句意，故选 C。 易错点03 participate in、join 与 take part in 混用 【一句话辨异】 He decided to join the school’s international club and take part in the sports meeting, and he also planned to participate in the cultural exchange activity next month. 他决定加入学校的国际俱乐部、参加运动会，还计划下个月参与文化交流活动。 【错因辨析】 1. 三者都有“参加”之意，但搭配和使用场景不同，是写作、完形填空高频易错点： ① join：侧重加入团体、组织、人群，成为其中一员，后接俱乐部、团队、某人等（如 join the club、join us）。 ② take part in：口语通用，侧重参与普通活动、比赛，后接具体活动（如 take part in the sports meeting），强调参与过程。 ③ participate in：正式书面用语，多用于学术、课堂、社会活动，是写作高分替换词，核心搭配为 participate in sth.（如 participate in class discussion），语法填空常考查其名词形式 participation。 2. 核心禁忌：participate 为不及物动词，不可直接接宾语，必须加介词 in；join 后接活动时，需加 in（join in the activity），避免出现 participate the activity 这类错误。 3. 高频错句对比： ❌ She joined in the international organization last year.（搭配不当，加入组织用 join 即可） ✅ She joined the international organization last year.（正确） ❌ All students are required to participate the class discussion.（搭配错误，需加 in） ✅ All students are required to participate in the class discussion.（正确） 【助记口诀】 join 加入某团体，take part in 活动赛；participate in 书面语，加 in 接宾别忘记。 【对点训练】 More and more teenagers are willing to ______ the cross-cultural exchange activities to broaden their horizons. A. join B. take part in C. participate D. participate in 答案：D 解析：句意为“越来越多的青少年愿意参与跨文化交流活动”，活动为正式社会活动，且空格后有宾语，用 participate in；join 后接团体，take part in 更侧重普通活动，participate 为不及物动词，不可直接接宾语，故选 D。 易错点04 主语从句中 whether 与 if 的混用 【一句话辨异】 Whether we can adapt to the new cultural environment quickly is still a question, and it is clear that if we work hard, we can overcome all difficulties. 我们能否快速适应新的文化环境仍是个问题，且很明显，如果我们努力，就能克服所有困难。 【错因辨析】 1. 主语从句中，表“是否”只能用 whether，不可用 if；if 仅可用于动词后的宾语从句中表“是否”，这是本单元名词性从句核心易错点。 2. 延伸考点：表语从句、同位语从句中表“是否”，也只能用 whether，不可替换为 if；只有宾语从句（动词后）中，whether 和 if 可互换。 3. 高频错句对比： ❌ If we can qualify for the exchange program is unknown.（错误，主语从句用 whether） ✅ Whether we can qualify for the exchange program is unknown.（正确） ❌ The question is if we can feel at home in a foreign country.（错误，表语从句用 whether） ✅ The question is whether we can feel at home in a foreign country.（正确） 【助记口诀】 主表同位用 whether，宾从动词可换 if；两种句式分清楚，名词从句不出错。 【对点训练】 ______ we can strengthen cultural bonds with foreign friends depends on our active participation. A. If B. Whether C. That D. What 答案：B 解析：本句为主语从句，表“是否”，需用 whether 引导；if 不可用于主语从句，that 无实义，what 需在从句中充当成分，不符合句意，故选 B。 一、默写重点单词 1._____________vt. 成为……的动机；激发；激励 2. _____________n. 期望；预期；期待 3. _____________n. 申请人 4. ____________vt. 使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境) 【答案】1.motivate 2. expectation 3. applicant 4.expose 二、找出下列句子中的名词性从句并分类 1.What is important in study is diligence rather than intelligence. ________________________________ 2.The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race. __________________________________________________________ 3.It is a fact that holidays are a major test of any relationship. __________________________________________________________ 4.He looks as though he hasn't had a square meal for weeks. ________________________________________________ 【答案】 1.What is important in study; 主语从句 2.whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race; 宾语从句 3.that holidays are a major test of any relationship; 主语从句 4.as though he hasn't had a square meal for weeks; 表语从句 三、语法填空 Lions, tigers and other animals are staying awake at night 　1　 (avoid) human beings, a new study finds. Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature. Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away 　2　 people. By being awake at night, animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time 　3　 (look) for food. The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can 　4　 (fright) animals and cause them to become more active at night. 　5　 had been studied were lions in Tanzania, tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil. Researchers compared 　6　 (careful) how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities, such as hunting and farming. It was human activities that caused 　7　 increase of about 20 percent in night-time activities, even in creatures that usually sleep at night. Results 　8　 (publish) in the journal Science two months ago. The new findings are 　9　 (usual) because no one else has looked at it in such detail before. Ecologist Marlee Tucker was 　10　 (surprise) that any kind of human activities is enough for animals to see people as a threat. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　 6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________ 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，狮子、老虎和其他动物会在晚上保持清醒，以避开人类。 【答案】 1.to avoid　考查非谓语动词。句意：一项新的研究发现，狮子、老虎和其他动物在晚上保持清醒，以避开人类。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to avoid。 2.from　考查介词。句意：许多动物可能会减少活动或到很远的地方以远离人类。keep away from为固定搭配，意为“远离”。故填from。 3.looking　考查非谓语动词。spend time （in） doing sth为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，设空处应用动名词作宾语。故填looking。 4.frighten　考查词性转换。设空处应用动词作谓语，且设空前有情态动词can，应用动词原形。故填frighten。 5.What　考查主语从句的连接词。设空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导，位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填What。 6.carefully　考查词性转换。此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词compared。故填carefully。 7.an　考查冠词。句意：正是人类活动导致（动物的）夜间活动增加了约20%，甚至是那些通常在晚上睡觉的生物也是如此。an increase of为固定搭配，意为“……的增长”。故填an。 8.were published　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语two months ago可知，此处为一般过去时；Results和publish为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语Results为复数名词，be动词应用were。故填were published。 9.unusual　考查反义词。句意：这些新的发现是不寻常的，因为之前没有人对它进行过如此详细的研究。设空处位于系动词are后面，应用形容词unusual作表语，意为“不同寻常的”。故填unusual。 10.surprised　考查词性转换。系动词was后应用形容词作表语，表示“人的感受”应用－ed形式结尾的形容词surprised。故填surprised。 四、阅读理解 A Campus Resources Bookstore The bookstores supply required and recommended textbooks, reference materials, and college sportswear. You can buy or rent textbooks. Access more details about the bookstore on My Macomb. Locations: South Campus K Building 586.445.7385 Center Campus P Building 586.286.2093 Library Macomb Community College’s Library collections contain print and multimedia materials covering a wide range of topics. Each campus library features resources in the program areas offered at that location. Center Campus focuses on Nursing, Public Safety, and Early Childhood Education. The South Campus Library highlights Applied Technology, Media and Communication Arts, and Engineering Technology. Locations: South Campus J Building 586.445.7401 Center Campus C Building 586.286.2104 College Success Skills-CSSK-1200 CSSK is a three-credit-hour course that is open to all students. You will learn what it takes to be a successful college student, explore campus resources, and connect with other students. You will also learn goal setting, study strategies, time management and educational planning. Career (职业) Development and Decision Making-LIFE-1010 LIFE is a three-credit-hour course. It will guide you to explore your interests, personality and values as they’re late to the world of work. This course is suggested if you are undecided on a job path, or have ideas about what you want to do but are unsure how to get there. In this class you will tour companies and talk to professionals in different industries. 1．Where can you get multimedia materials in Engineering Technology? A．South Campus K Building    586.445.7385 B．Center Campus P Building    586.286.2093 C．South Campus J Building    586.445.7401 D．Center Campus C Building    586.286.2104 2．Why is the course LIFE established? A．To guide students to explore campus resources. B．To inspire students to develop research interests. C．To encourage students to set educational plans. D．To help students make suitable career choices. 3．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A course plan. B．A student guide. C．An academic article. D．A college newspaper. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了书店、图书馆和两门课程等校园资源。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据Library部分中“The South Campus Library highlights Applied Technology, Media and Communication Arts, and Engineering Technology. Locations: South Campus J Building 586.445.7401 (南校区图书馆以应用技术、媒体与传播艺术和工程技术为重点。地点：南校区J楼586.445.7401)”可知，在南校区J楼586.445.7401，可以找到工程技术的多媒体材料。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据Career (职业) Development and Decision Making-LIFE-1010部分中“This course is suggested if you are undecided on a job path, or have ideas about what you want to do but are unsure how to get there. In this class you will tour companies and talk to professionals in different industries. (如果你在职业道路上犹豫不决，或者对自己想做什么有想法，但不确定如何实现，那么建议你选择这门课程。在这门课上，你将参观公司，并与不同行业的专业人士交谈。)”可知，开设LIFE课程的目的是帮助学生做出合适的职业选择。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，根据文章标题“Campus Resources (校园资源)”以及下面的小标题“Bookstore (书店)”和“Library (图书馆)”和“College Success Skills-CSSK-1200 (大学成功技能-CSSK-1200)”以及“Career (职业) Development and Decision Making-LIFE-1010 (职业发展与决策-LIFE-1010)”可知，这段文字可能来自学生指南。故选B项。 B Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. There isn’t. This made me realize that there’s no egg in eggplant either. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn. For example, when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. And speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing? If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same? If “indirect” is the opposite of “direct”, why “indifferent” is not the opposite of “different” and why do “invaluable” and “valuable” both mean being of great value? Even the smallest of words can be confusing. When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that?” What about “IT” and “US”? You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off! English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends. 4．Why does the author mention his five-year-old son’s question at the beginning? A．To prove kids are curious about food. B．To introduce the topic that English is confusing. C．To explain the origin of English words. D．To show children learn English easily. 5．According to paragraph 3, which pair of words has opposite meanings? A．shameless and shameful. B．different and indifferent. C．harmless and harmful. D．valuable and invaluable. 6．What does the underlined phrase “goes off” most probably mean? A．stops working B．breaks down C．disappears D．makes a sound 7．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To show that English is confusing but creative. B．To tell us that English is very difficult to learn. C．To give advice on how to learn English. D．To explain how English was created. 【答案】4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 【导语】文章讲述了作者以儿子询问汉堡里为何没有火腿一事开篇，列举大量英文单词词义矛盾、表达逻辑反常的例子，展现英语语言看似荒诞、令人困惑的特点，最后点明英语由人类创造，体现了人类的创造力。 【详解】4．推理判断题。根据第一段“This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.(这让我开始思考英语学起来为何会如此不合常理。)”可推知，作者在开头提及五岁儿子的问题，目的是引出英语令人费解这一话题。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段“If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same? If ‘indirect’ is the opposite of ‘direct’, why ‘indifferent’ is not the opposite of ‘different’ and why do ‘invaluable’ and ‘valuable’ both mean being of great value?(如果无害的行为是有害行为的反义词，为何无耻的和可耻的行为含义一致？如果‘间接的’是‘直接的’反义词，为何‘漠不关心的’不是‘有差异的’的反义词，为何‘极宝贵的’和‘有价值的’都表示极具价值？)”可知，只有harmless与harmful互为反义词。 6．词句猜测题。根据第五段“You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!(你也不得不惊叹这门语言独有的古怪之处：房屋焚毁可以用burn up和burn down表达含义相同；填表既可以说fill in a form也可以说fill it out；警报只有在goes off的时候，人们才能听见声音。)”可知，警报被人们听见是因为发出声响，“goes off”此处含义为“发出响声”，与D选项“makes a sound(发出声音)”含义一致。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.(英语由人类创造，而非电脑创造，它反映了人类的创造力。)”可知，作者写作目的是说明英语虽然令人费解，却饱含人类创造力。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1/10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $