Unit 3 Food and Culture Reading and Thinking 重点词汇讲练用记 导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语导学案聚焦prior、consist、except、consume四个高频词汇，通过广告、招聘信等语境例句及高考真题引入，结合词性转换、固定搭配等考点拓展，搭配填空、翻译、易混辨析等分层练习，搭建从基础词义到综合应用的学习支架。 资料亮点在于融合高考真题例句强化语言能力，通过易混词辨析（如except系列）和语境串记培养思维品质，多样练习题设计助力学生主动运用学习策略提升学习能力，高效掌握词汇用法，适配高考备考需求。

Reading and Thinking 1.prior [ˈpraɪə(r)] adj. 在先的,在前的;居先的:优先的,更重要的 No prior knowledge should be required.(应用文之广告)不要求具备先前经验。 No prior experience is necessary as we provide training and support.(应用文之招聘信) 没有经验是必要的，因为我们提供培训和支持。 adv. 在前;居先 It happened prior to her departure.这事是在她走前发生的。 【考点拓展】 prior to在……之前(to是介词,后接动词时要用-ing形式) priority n. 优先权 according to priority依次 prioritize v.按优先顺序列出；优先考虑（处理） ①_____________________ SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process.(2026• 浙江1月卷)在 SLEAP 之前，追踪动植物的生理特征需要耗费大量人力，这会延缓科学进程。 在选举之前，确保你做好充分的准备，从演讲到思考如何最好地回答可能被问到的问题。 ②Physical health and mental health are the _________(prior).(2025• 全国II卷) 身体健康和精神健康是重中之重。 ③Dr. Smith’s insights serve as a reminder for students to _________(prior) their well-being while striving for excellence.史密斯博士的见解提醒学生们，在追求卓越的同时，要优先考虑自己的幸福。 ④Prior to _________(come) to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.在来中国之前,我唯一的中国烹饪体验是在美国,包括为了适应美国人的口味而改变了的中国菜。 2.consist[kənˈsɪst]　　　　 v. 由……组成 Each parking zone consists of multiple lots, designed to efficiently manage traffic across the venue’s network.(2026• 全国I卷) 每个停车区由多个停车场组成，旨在高效管理场馆内的交通流。. 【考点拓展】 consist of由……组成 consist of一般不用于被动语态和进行时,其同义短语有be made up of、 be composed of、be comprised of等。 consist in=lie in 存在于;在于 consist with 与……一致/相符 ①Success ______________ to continue efforts through failures.(应用文之发言稿)成功在于经历失败而继续努力的能力。 ②The young man’s actions do not ______________ in his speeches.(读后续写之细节描写) 那位年轻人的行为与他在演说里所作的承诺不符。 【一句多译】由5家小工厂组成的这家公司正面临着严重的财政危机。 →①The company ___________________________________ is facing a serious financial crisis.(定语从句) The company consisting of 5 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(现在分词短语作定语) →②The company ______________________ is facing a serious financial crisis.(过去分词短语作定语) 3.except[ɪkˈsept] v. 除, 把...除外, 反对, 不计 Everyone enjoyed walking home, John excepted.(读后续写之细节描写)每人都高高兴兴地走着回家，而约翰除外。 prep. 除了...之外, 若不是, 除非 Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.(应用文之报道)公共汽车上要不是坐了一位老太太就是空的。 conj. 只是, 要不是 His report is correct except that some details are omitted.(应用文之报道)除了有些细节未提到之外,他的报导是正确的。 【考点拓展】 except for除...之外, 只是； except that除了, 只是； exception n. 例外； with the exception of 除……之外, 不包括……； without exception ー律; 无一例外地； exceptional　adj. 异常的; 优秀的； unexceptional adj. 寻常的； exceptionally adv. 异常地。 ①There is no doubt that teenagers sometimes have conflicts with their parents, and I am no ________(except). (应用文之成长类)毫无疑问，青少年有时会与父母发生冲突，我也不例外。 ②When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as ________(exception).(2024• 北京卷)当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会将其视为例外。 ③I am writing in no time to request your professional and practical guidance, as you are ________(exceptional) experienced in essay writing.(应用文之求助信)我马上写信请求您的专业和实践指导，因为您在论文写作方面非常有经验。 ④Balance is relative and temporary and the relatively balanced world structure is ________(exceptional).(应用文之发言稿)但一切平衡都只是相对的和暂时的，相对稳定的世界格局也不例外。 【易混辨析】except ,except for ,except that ,but ,besides except“除．．．．．．以外”，except后的人或事物不包括在整体之内； except for“除．．．．．．一点外”，其后的宾语一般与句子里所涉及的东西并非同类； except that“除了．．．．．．以外”，其后接从句； but与except意义相同.特别在不定代词everybody ,nobody ,nothing ,anything ,all ,none 等词后面； besides“除．．．．．． 以外”，besides后的人或事物包括在整体之内。 选词填空：except; except for; except that; besides; but 1. Last night I did nothing _______ repair my farm tools. 2. The students go to school every day _______ on Saturday and Sunday.  3. Your composition is good _______ a few grammar mistakes. 4. The suit fits me well _______ the trousers are too long. 5. Do you know any other language _______ German? 6. I don't care for the computer. _______, it's too expensive. 【语境串记】 Being exceptional wisdom does not necessarily mean being successful.For instance,with very few exceptions, most members of the Mensa society for people with high IQs remain unexceptional.拥有非凡的智慧并不一定意味着成功。例如，除了极少数例外，门萨高智商协会的大多数成员都是普通的。 4.consume [kənˈsjuːm] v. 消费，花费 The kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume—even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots.(2025• 浙江卷)孩子自己决定吃什么以及吃多少——即便这意味着孩子偶尔吃的饼干会比胡萝卜多。 【考点拓展】 consumer n.消费者，顾客，用户 consumption n.消费，消耗；食用 ①__________(consume) enjoy reading and giving reviews.(2026• 浙江1月卷)消费者喜欢阅读并撰写评论。 ②Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric__________(consume) , we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption.(2024• 浙江卷)因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗。 【语境串记】 Experts advise consumers not to buy more groceries until they’ve already been consumed.This is called rational consumption.专家建议消费者在吃完之前不要再买更多的食品。这被称为理性消费。 【熟词生义】 v.吞噬；烧毁，毁灭 The desire to stand out consumed me, pushing me towards a regrettable decision.(2025• 北京卷) 引起注意的欲望吞噬着我，促使我做出了一个令人遗憾的决定 The hotel was quickly consumed by fire.那家旅馆很快被大火吞噬。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Reading and Thinking 1.prior [ˈpraɪə(r)] adj. 在先的,在前的;居先的:优先的,更重要的 No prior knowledge should be required.(应用文之广告)不要求具备先前经验。 No prior experience is necessary as we provide training and support.(应用文之招聘信) 没有经验是必要的，因为我们提供培训和支持。 adv. 在前;居先 It happened prior to her departure.这事是在她走前发生的。 【考点拓展】 prior to在……之前(to是介词,后接动词时要用-ing形式) priority n. 优先权 according to priority依次 prioritize v.按优先顺序列出；优先考虑（处理） ①_____________________ SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process.(2026• 浙江1月卷)在 SLEAP 之前，追踪动植物的生理特征需要耗费大量人力，这会延缓科学进程。 在选举之前，确保你做好充分的准备，从演讲到思考如何最好地回答可能被问到的问题。 ②Physical health and mental health are the _________(prior).(2025• 全国II卷) 身体健康和精神健康是重中之重。 ③Dr. Smith’s insights serve as a reminder for students to _________(prior) their well-being while striving for excellence.史密斯博士的见解提醒学生们，在追求卓越的同时，要优先考虑自己的幸福。 ④Prior to _________(come) to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.在来中国之前,我唯一的中国烹饪体验是在美国,包括为了适应美国人的口味而改变了的中国菜。 ①Prior to ②priority③prioritize④coming 2.consist[kənˈsɪst]　　　　 v. 由……组成 Each parking zone consists of multiple lots, designed to efficiently manage traffic across the venue’s network.(2026• 全国I卷) 每个停车区由多个停车场组成，旨在高效管理场馆内的交通流。. 【考点拓展】 consist of由……组成 consist of一般不用于被动语态和进行时,其同义短语有be made up of、 be composed of、be comprised of等。 consist in=lie in 存在于;在于 consist with 与……一致/相符 ①Success ______________ to continue efforts through failures.(应用文之发言稿)成功在于经历失败而继续努力的能力。 ②The young man’s actions do not ______________ in his speeches.(读后续写之细节描写) 那位年轻人的行为与他在演说里所作的承诺不符。 ①consists in the ability②consist with the promises 【一句多译】由5家小工厂组成的这家公司正面临着严重的财政危机。 →①The company ___________________________________ is facing a serious financial crisis.(定语从句) The company consisting of 5 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(现在分词短语作定语) →②The company ______________________ is facing a serious financial crisis.(过去分词短语作定语) ①that/which consists of/is made up of 5 small factories ②made up of 5 small factories 3.except[ɪkˈsept] v. 除, 把...除外, 反对, 不计 Everyone enjoyed walking home, John excepted.(读后续写之细节描写)每人都高高兴兴地走着回家，而约翰除外。 prep. 除了...之外, 若不是, 除非 Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.(应用文之报道)公共汽车上要不是坐了一位老太太就是空的。 conj. 只是, 要不是 His report is correct except that some details are omitted.(应用文之报道)除了有些细节未提到之外,他的报导是正确的。 【考点拓展】 except for除...之外, 只是； except that除了, 只是； exception n. 例外； with the exception of 除……之外, 不包括……； without exception ー律; 无一例外地； exceptional　adj. 异常的; 优秀的； unexceptional adj. 寻常的； exceptionally adv. 异常地。 ①There is no doubt that teenagers sometimes have conflicts with their parents, and I am no ________(except). (应用文之成长类)毫无疑问，青少年有时会与父母发生冲突，我也不例外。 ②When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as ________(exception).(2024• 北京卷)当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会将其视为例外。 ③I am writing in no time to request your professional and practical guidance, as you are ________(exceptional) experienced in essay writing.(应用文之求助信)我马上写信请求您的专业和实践指导，因为您在论文写作方面非常有经验。 ④Balance is relative and temporary and the relatively balanced world structure is ________(exceptional).(应用文之发言稿)但一切平衡都只是相对的和暂时的，相对稳定的世界格局也不例外。 ①exception②exceptional③exceptionally④unexceptional 【易混辨析】except ,except for ,except that ,but ,besides except“除．．．．．．以外”，except后的人或事物不包括在整体之内； except for“除．．．．．．一点外”，其后的宾语一般与句子里所涉及的东西并非同类； except that“除了．．．．．．以外”，其后接从句； but与except意义相同.特别在不定代词everybody ,nobody ,nothing ,anything ,all ,none 等词后面； besides“除．．．．．． 以外”，besides后的人或事物包括在整体之内。 选词填空：except; except for; except that; besides; but 1. Last night I did nothing _______ repair my farm tools. 2. The students go to school every day _______ on Saturday and Sunday.  3. Your composition is good _______ a few grammar mistakes. 4. The suit fits me well _______ the trousers are too long. 5. Do you know any other language _______ German? 6. I don't care for the computer. _______, it's too expensive.  1. but  2. except  3. except for  4. except that  5. besides  6. Besides 【语境串记】 Being exceptional wisdom does not necessarily mean being successful.For instance,with very few exceptions, most members of the Mensa society for people with high IQs remain unexceptional.拥有非凡的智慧并不一定意味着成功。例如，除了极少数例外，门萨高智商协会的大多数成员都是普通的。 4.consume [kənˈsjuːm] v. 消费，花费 The kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume—even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots.(2025• 浙江卷)孩子自己决定吃什么以及吃多少——即便这意味着孩子偶尔吃的饼干会比胡萝卜多。 【考点拓展】 consumer n.消费者，顾客，用户 consumption n.消费，消耗；食用 ①__________(consume) enjoy reading and giving reviews.(2026• 浙江1月卷)消费者喜欢阅读并撰写评论。 ②Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric__________(consume) , we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption.(2024• 浙江卷)因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗。 ①Consumers②consumption 【语境串记】 Experts advise consumers not to buy more groceries until they’ve already been consumed.This is called rational consumption.专家建议消费者在吃完之前不要再买更多的食品。这被称为理性消费。 【熟词生义】 v.吞噬；烧毁，毁灭 The desire to stand out consumed me, pushing me towards a regrettable decision.(2025• 北京卷) 引起注意的欲望吞噬着我，促使我做出了一个令人遗憾的决定 The hotel was quickly consumed by fire.那家旅馆很快被大火吞噬。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $