2027年高考英语一轮之地球与宇宙奥秘探索主题复习 任务单

该高中英语高考复习任务单围绕地球与宇宙奥秘探索主题，系统整合高频词汇、派生易混词、核心短语、高分句型及写作语料，构建“词汇-句型-语用”三层知识网络。通过问题链设计和任务驱动，引导学生自主梳理天文术语、科研动词等考点联系，形成主题化知识体系。 亮点在于自主诊断与分层提升设计，开篇设置核心词变形、熟词生义等自测模块，学生通过错题定位薄弱点，匹配针对性训练。融入“determine”“expose”等词块辨析任务，培养语言能力和思维品质，教师可依据学情数据实施个性化指导，助力高效备考。

2027年高考英语一轮之地球与宇宙奥秘探索主题复习 I.高考高频主题词汇 1.天文与宇宙事物 data n.资料；数据 telescope n.望远镜 rocket n.火箭 spacewalk n.太空行走 satellite n.人造卫星；卫星 gravity n.重力；地球引力 spaceship n.宇宙飞船 spacecraft n.航天器；宇宙飞船 shuttle n.航天飞机；穿梭交通工具 vi.频繁往来 orbit n.轨道 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 mission n.太空飞行任务；使命；天职 2.科研探索相关事物 simulator n.模拟器 hazardous adj.危险的；不安全的 lifelike adj.生动的；逼真的 anecdote n.轶事；趣闻 offshore adj.& adv.近海 (的)；离岸 (的) shipwreck n.沉船；海难 cyclone n.气旋；旋风 subatomic adj.亚原子的；原子内的 tissue n.(动植物) 细胞组织；纸巾 3.探索、运行与动作 launch vt.& n.发射；发起；上市 exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削 transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送 float vi.飘动；漂流；浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流 scream v.尖叫 n.尖叫 (声) signal vt.& vi.发信号；标志 n.信号；标志 monitor n.监测仪；监视器 vt.监视；监测；监控 leap n.跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt.(leapt‑leapt /leaped‑leaped) 跳过；跃过 delve v.探索；探究 4.描述类 & 学科专有名词 giant adj.巨大的 n.巨人；巨兽；伟人 fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的 keen adj.热衷的；渴望的 拓展：be keen to do sth 渴望做某事 shallow adj.浅的；肤浅的 resource n.资源；财力；物力 astronaut n.宇航员；航天员 vehicle n.交通工具；航天器 crew n.(飞船等) 全体工作人员 current adj.当前的 n.水流；电流；思潮  拓展：currently adv.当前 comprise vt.包括；组成；构成 pull n.& vt.拉；牵引 mankind n.人类 beyond prep.超出；在更远处 circumstance n.条件；状况；(pl.circumstances) 境况；经济状况 discipline vt.训练；严格要求；惩罚 n.纪律；自制力；行为准则 downfall n.衰败；陨落 II.高频派生 & 易混词梳理 analysis n.分析；分析结果→analys (z) e v.分析 expand v.扩大；拓展；发展→expansion n.扩大；扩张 evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n.评价；评估 agency n.机构；代理处→agent n.代理人；代理商 intelligent adj.有智慧的；智能的→intelligence n.智慧；智力 expose v.使暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposure n.遭受；暴露；揭露 universe n.宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.普遍的；全世界的；通用的 desire n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desirable adj.令人向往的；可取的 incredible adj.难以置信的；惊人的→incredibly adv.极其；难以置信地 cover v.覆盖；涉及；报道 n.封面；覆盖物→coverage n.覆盖范围；新闻报道 limit vt.& n.限制→limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的 assist v.帮助；援助→assistant n.助理→assistance n.帮助；援助 frequency n.频率；频繁→frequent adj.频繁的→frequently adv.频繁地 determine vt.确定；查明；决定→determined adj.意志坚定的→determination n.决心 attach vt.系；绑；贴→attached adj.附属的；喜爱的→attachment n.附件；依恋 occupy vt.占据；占用；使忙于→occupied adj.忙于的；被占用的→occupation n.职业；占领 regular adj.定期的；惯常的→regularly adv.定期地；经常→irregular adj.不定期的 disappoint vt.使失望→disappointed adj.(人) 感到失望的→disappointing adj.(事物) 令人失望的→disappointment n.失望 拓展：to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 origin n.起源；出身→original adj.起初的；独创的 n.原件；原作→originally adv.起初；原来 independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地→independence n.独立 III.必背核心短语 result in 导致；造成 look into 调查；探究 block out 挡住 (光线) in view of 鉴于；考虑到  同义拓展：given be/become accustomed to 习惯于（to 为介词，后接 doing/n.） provide for sb 为某人提供生活所需 figure out 弄懂；弄清楚 set out 出发；着手开展 (工作) in the hope of doing… 抱着做……的希望 throw oneself into 投身于；热衷于 on board 在飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此 so as to… 为了…… 同义拓展：in order to enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事 lay the foundation for 为……打下基础 IV.高分句型精讲 1.It be＋过去分词＋that… 用法：it作形式主语，that引导真正主语从句。 It is widely acknowledged that space exploration opens up new possibilities for human beings. 人们普遍认为，太空探索为人类开启了全新的可能性。 V.重点单词辨析 1.argue v.争论；辩论；主张 拓展：argument n.争论；争辩 词块： argue with sb about/over sth 就某事与某人争论 argue for/against 支持 / 反对…… argue that… 主张；认为 argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做 / 不做某事 have an argument with sb about/over sth 就某事和某人争辩 辨析：argue侧重摆理由辩论；quarrel侧重争吵吵架。 2.desire n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望 词块： have a desire to do sth 渴望做某事 have a desire for sth 渴望得到某物 desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事 desire that…(should) do… 希望……（虚拟语气） 3.carry 系列高频短语 词块： carry on 继续；坚持 carry on doing sth 继续做某事 carry on with sth 继续某事 carry out 实施；执行（计划、任务） carry sb through 帮助某人渡过难关 4.expose vt.使暴露；揭露 词块：expose…to… 使……暴露于……；be exposed to 遭受；接触到 VI.写作语料积累 一、应用文 1.词块 expand human’s horizons 拓宽人类的视野 cope with resource shortages 应对资源短缺 2.高分背诵句 (1)It is worthwhile for human beings to devote efforts to exploring outer space despite huge risks. 尽管风险巨大，人类投入精力探索外太空仍然是值得的。 二、读后续写 1.词块 overcome numerous obstacles 克服重重阻碍 be faced with severe risks 面临严峻风险 2.高分背诵句 (1) Determined to seek answers in outer space, the astronaut stuck firmly to his assigned mission in spite of unexpected difficulties. 这名宇航员决心在外太空寻找答案，纵然遭遇意外困境依旧坚守既定任务。 (2) Having overcome countless obstacles, the research team finally witnessed the successful launch of the new probe, filled with immense pride. 克服无数阻碍之后，科研团队终于见证新探测器成功发射，内心满是自豪。 VII.专题限时训练 一、核心词变形与句式练习 1.argue (1) Experts are having a heated ________(argue) over whether we should invest more funds in deep‑space programs. (2) The data and facts argued him ________ supporting the new deep‑space exploration project. (3) 研讨会上，专家们就我们是否应当加大太空探测投入展开辩论。一部分专家主张太空探索意义重大；另一部分专家对此持反对意见。在我看来，太空探索有助于拓宽人类认知边界。 At the seminar, experts ________________________________________ whether more funds should be put into space‑probe programs.Some experts ________________________________________ space exploration is of great significance; others ________________________________________ it.As far as I am concerned, space exploration helps expand the boundaries of human knowledge. 2.desire (1) Every young scientist has a desire ________ further progress in cosmic research. (2) The space-agency director desired that the young astronaut should take part in the new‑mission task. （用 desire sb to do 改写句子） (3)我深深着迷于浩瀚星空，怀揣强烈的渴望，希望未来能够参与深空探测项目。 Fascinated by the vast starry sky, I ________________________________________ take part in deep‑space‑probe programs in the future. 3.carry短语专项 (1) Suffering from equipment failure, the astronaut could not ________________________ his scheduled space‑walk mission.（carry短语） (2) Supported by ground control, the researcher ________________________ collecting astronomical data even under tough conditions.（用非谓语动词） (3) Though faced with repeated failures, the young scientist firmly believed that perseverance would ________________________.（帮他渡过难关） (4) After the detailed plan ________________________, the new satellite successfully went into its planned orbit.（实施） 二、熟词生义练 occupy (1) Huge gas giants occupy large regions in outer space, far away from our solar system.________ (2) When the remote base was temporarily occupied by violent storms, researchers were occupied with analyzing cosmic signals day and night.________ (3) Many astronomers occupy themselves in observing distant stars through large‑size telescopes.________ 三、核心知识强化练 1.These space-probe findings help us study possible life forms under extremely tough ________(circumstance). 2.________(occupy) with cosmic‑signal analysis, the astronomer hardly had time for rest. 3.Changes in radio waves serve as early warning ________(signal) for scientists to observe distant stars. 4.For a long time，the far side of the moon was ________ the reach of human observation. 5.By means of data ________(analyse), scientists can get more clues about planet formation. 6.To become a qualified space researcher, one needs a ________(determine) mind and strong curiosity. 7.All the researchers ________ board the space lab felt excited about the coming observation task. 8.Once a new probe ________(launch), ground staff will monitor its orbit closely. 9.Since space contains ________(limit) unknown fields, human exploration will never stop. 10.It could even ________________(argue) that space research pushes the progress of modern science. 11.Human beings are exploring outer space in ________ hope of finding signs of alien life. 12.Careless operation of space devices may result ________ serious equipment faults. 13.China is among the first countries ________(land) probes on the far side of the moon. 14.The probe sent back large amounts of cosmic data, ________(make) deeper space research possible. 参考答案 一、核心词变形与句式练习 1.argue (1) argument (2) into (3) had an argument with each other about；argue that；argue against 2.desire (1) for (2) The space‑agency director desired the young astronaut to take part in the new‑mission task. (3) have a strong desire to 3.carry短语专项 (1) carry on with (2) carrying on (3) carry him through (4) was carried out 二、熟词生义 occupy (1) 占据；占有 (2) 被（风暴）占据；忙于 (3) 使忙于；投身于 三、核心知识强化练 1.circumstances 2.Occupied 3.signals 4.beyond 5.analysis 6.determined 7.on 8.is launched 9.limitless 10.be argued 11.the 12.in 13.to land 14.making 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $