2027年高考英语一轮复习之人与环境主题复习 任务单

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统梳理“人与环境”主题核心考点，涵盖主题词汇（海洋生物、地理资源等）、派生词汇、核心短语、写作句式及单词辨析，按语言要素内在逻辑构建知识网络，通过专项训练任务单引导学生自主完成词汇应用、句式仿写等任务，形成层次分明的主题语言体系。 亮点在于诊断性自测与语料应用结合，如核心词训练中的填空练习、熟词生义辨析题，帮助学生自主诊断薄弱点，书面表达语料积累模块提供应用文与读后续写词块及好句，培养语言能力与思维品质。教师可通过学生训练反馈精准指导，支持个性化复习，提升备考实效。

2027年高考英语一轮之人与环境主题复习 I.主题核心词汇 1.海洋与生物 seal n.海豹 dolphin n.海豚 organism n.(微) 生物；有机体 species n.物种；种 habitat n.栖息地 marine adj.海洋的 biological adj.生物 (学) 的；与生物有关的 reproduction n.生殖；繁殖；复制 2.地理与资源 region n.地区；区域 altitude n.海拔 (高度) continent n.洲；大洲；大陆 tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的 scenic adj.景色优美的 mineral n.矿物；矿产 footprint n.足迹；(环境) 足迹；占地面积 ecosystem n.生态系统 3.污染与能源 nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的 emission n.排放物；散发物；排放 plastic adj.塑料制的 n.塑料 greenhouse n.温室；暖房 renewable adj.(能源和自然资源) 可更新的；可再生的 reusable adj.可再度使用的；可多次使用的 refillable adj.可再填充的 garbage n.垃圾；废物 4.社会与行为认知 implement vt.使生效；贯彻；执行 dissolve v.(使)溶解 habitable adj.适合居住的 substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；实质性的 global adj.全球的；全面的 climate n.气候；风气 policy n.政策；方针；原则 campaign n.(宣传) 活动；运动 vi.&vt.发起运动；参加活动 coexist vi.共存；共处 undergo vt.(underwent；undergone) 经历；经受 (变化、不快等) II.高频派生词汇 1.contaminate vt.污染；弄脏→contamination n.污染；污染物 拓展：contaminate water sources 污染水源 2.deteriorate vi.&vt.(使) 恶化；变坏→deterioration n.恶化；退化 拓展：environmental deterioration 环境恶化 3.erode vt.&vi.侵蚀；腐蚀→erosion n.侵蚀；腐蚀 4.evolve vi.&vt.进化；逐步发展→evolution n.进化；演变 拓展：evolve over thousands of years 历经数千年进化 5.expose vt.使暴露；使接触→exposure n.暴露；接触 拓展：be exposed to pollution 暴露在污染环境下 6.accumulate vt.&vi.积累；积聚→accumulation n.积累；堆积物 7.alleviate vt.减轻；缓和→alleviation n.减轻；缓解 拓展：alleviate ecological pressure 缓解生态压力 8.diminish vt.&vi.减少；降低→diminishment n.减少；缩减 9.vulnerable adj.易受伤害的；脆弱的→vulnerability n.脆弱性 拓展：be vulnerable to climate change 易受气候变化影响 10.orient vt.使适应；确定方向→orientation n.方向；定位 III.核心短语 come up with 想出；提出 拓展：keep up with 跟上；catch up with 追上 call for (公开) 要求；需要 take…into account 把……考虑进去 seek solutions to 寻求……的解决方法 do one’s part 尽某人职责 link…to… 把……和……联系起来 on a global scale 在全球范围内 in face of 面对 cope with 处理；应对 拓展：同义词handle in favour of 支持；赞同 cut back on 削减；缩减 IV.经典写作句式 1.so +助动词/be/情态动词+主语 用法：so置于句首，表前面的情况同样适用于另一主体，采用部分倒装结构。 As industrial waste piles up, so does the risk to coastal wildlife. 随着工业垃圾不断堆积，沿海野生动物面临的风险也随之加大。 2.It is high time that...虚拟语气 用法：that 从句谓语用一般过去式 /should do（should 不可省略），表示 “早该做……”。 It is high time that we took practical steps to cope with marine‑related pollution. 我们早该采取实际举措来应对海洋相关污染。 V.重点单词精讲与辨析 1.reserve n.保护区；储备 vt.保留；预订 词块： reserve sth for… 为……保留某物 in reserve 备用；储备 make a reservation 预订；预约 辨析：reserve 侧重 “预留、预定”；preserve 侧重 “保护使之维持原状”；conserve 侧重 “节约，合理利用资源”。 2.starve vi.&vt.(使) 挨饿；饿死 词块： starve to death 饿死 starve for sth 渴望得到某物 starve to do sth 渴望做某事 3.submit vt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服 词块： submit sth to sb 把某物提交给某人 submit (oneself) to 屈从于…… 辨析：submit to 被动屈服；adapt to 主动适应。 4.harmony n.和谐；融洽 词块： in harmony (with…) (与……) 和谐共处 be out of harmony with 与……不协调 5.defend vt.保护；防御；辩护 词块： defend…from/against… 保护……免受……伤害 in defence of 为捍卫…… 6.survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸免于难 词块： survive sth 从……中幸存下来 survive on 靠……维持生存 辨析：survive后面事件直接作宾语，不加介词from。 VI.书面表达语料积累 一、应用文 1.词块 cut down carbon emissions 减少碳排放 green initiative 绿色倡议 ecological balance 生态平衡 2.好句背诵 (1) It is high time that we did our part to cut down waste and safeguard biological diversity. 是我们尽己之力减少废弃物、守护生物多样性的时候了。 (2) Only joint efforts can prevent more species from dying out under the pressure of human activities. 只有共同努力，才能防止更多物种在人类活动压力下走向灭绝。 二、读后续写 1.词块 catch sight of 瞥见 be plunged into 陷入 stumble across 偶然发现 gasp at 对……倒抽一口气 be blanketed with 被……覆盖 2.好句背诵 (1) Staring at the polluted bay,they were shocked at the severe damage human activity had done to ocean creatures. 望着被污染的海湾，他们对人类活动给海洋生物造成的严重破坏感到震惊。 (2) Gazing over the vast wetland,they cherished the hope that humans and wildlife could live side by side one day. 远眺广袤的湿地，他们期盼人类与野生动物终有一天可以比邻共存。 VII.专项训练 一、核心词训练 1.reserve (1)Some natural resources should be kept ________ reserve for future generations. (2)All seats for the eco‑forum ________(reserve) for environmental volunteers already. 2.starve (1)Many sea creatures may starve ________ death due to ocean pollution. (2)Young volunteers starve ________ more practical chances of environmental practice. 3.submit (1)All participants must submit their reports ________ the conservation group before deadline. (2)We should never submit ourselves ________ improper industrial demands. 4.harmony (1)Human beings are supposed to live in harmony ________ nature. (2)We are aiming for a ________(harmony) relationship between economy and ecology. 5.defend (1)Local volunteers try their best to defend wetlands ________ being destroyed. (2)Many people spoke ________ defence of the new wildlife protection policy. 二、熟词生义练习 1.moderate (1)The experts suggest moderate outdoor activities for physical health.________ (2)The public hoped that he would moderate his extreme viewpoints.________ (3)He holds moderate opinions on the hot environmental topics.________ 2.undergo (1)Many coastal areas have undergone great ecological changes over decades.________ (2)The endangered species undergoes natural selection in harsh wild conditions.________ 三、核心知识强化练习 (1)Many rare ocean species are ________ risk because of plastic pollution. (2)We must take human behaviour ________ account when studying ecosystem damage. (3)The terrible smog calls ________ immediate actions from every citizen. (4)Never turn your back ________ the severe ecological problems around us. (5)It is human improper activities that should be _______(blame) for wetland shrinkage. (6)Since more waste is produced every year, ______ does the pressure on waste disposal. (7)________tough measures have been carried out,some species are still on the edge of extinction. (8)People are seeking effective solutions ________ reduce carbon emissions. (9)Recycling is one important means ________ which we cut down waste resources. (10)Some local organizations handed ________ leaflets to popularize low‑carbon concepts. (11)We need to develop ________(sustain) economy without damaging wildlife habitats. (12)Many factories failed to restrict ________(they) from releasing harmful emissions. 参考答案 一、核心词训练 1.reserve (1)in (2)are reserved 2.starve (1)to (2)for 3.submit (1)to (2)to 4.harmony (1)with (2)harmonious 5.defend (1)from/against (2)in 二、熟词生义练习 1.moderate (1) 适度的 (2) 缓和；使适中 (3) 温和的 2.undergo (1) 经历 (2) 经受 三、核心知识强化练习 (1)at (2)into (3)for (4)on (5)to blame (6)so (7)While/Although/Though (8)to (9)by (10)out (11)sustainable (12)themselves 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $