Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures(Word教参)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语三大核心知识点，通过“先感悟（教材及高考真题实例）—会发现（构成规律）—善归纳（定义、组成、功能）—运用练（完成句子、标注短语）”的学习支架，系统梳理短语构成（如名词短语含限定词+形容词+名词等）和句法功能（作主语、宾语等）。 该资料以“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观为指导，结合2025全国一卷等高考真题实例，培养学生语言能力（提升短语理解与表达）和思维品质（归纳构成规律、分析句法功能）。分层设计随堂检测（短语类型及成分判断）和层级练习（基础练、能力练），课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 短 语 　　It was very surprising① that Lucy didn’t pass her oral English test②， and she couldn’t believe it．Anyway， it was a pity③ that she failed the test．It was because of her laziness．Then she realized that it was very important④ for her to study hard and practice more， so she has been studying much harder⑤ since then．Now she finds it interesting to practice speaking English and she enjoys it when she can speak fluent English⑥． ①形容词短语very surprising作表语； ②名词短语her oral English test作宾语； ③名词短语a pity作表语； ④形容词短语very important作表语； ⑤副词短语much harder作状语； ⑥名词短语fluent English作宾语。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观 　　短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。本单元主要介绍的是名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语。 1.名词短语（Noun Phrase） 【先感悟】 ①（教材典句）I’m a freshman at senior high school． ②（2025•全国一卷）Furthermore， writing the descriptions would be a fun challenge． ③（2024•新课标Ⅰ卷）I took a fun art class in the park today with my teacher． ④On weekends， he would join in some school activities． ⑤The author puts forward his suggestions on the contents of the book． 【会发现】 名词短语的构成： 句①：冠词＋名词 句②：冠词＋形容词＋名词 句③：冠词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语 句④：不定代词＋描述性名词＋名词 句⑤：物主代词＋名词＋介词短语 【善归纳】 （1）名词短语的定义：指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词，一般用作主语、宾语、表语、同位语或宾语补足语。 （2）名词短语的组成：（限定词）＋（形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词）＋名词＋（介词短语）。 （3）名词短语中的限定词包括四类： ①冠词（a/an/the） ②指示代词（this/that/these/those等） ③物主代词（my/your/his/her/its/our/their等） ④不定代词（some/no/neither/both等） 【运用练】　完成句子 ①（2025•全国一卷）I failed to consider how important Toby was to my brother during this difficult time． 我未能考虑到在这个艰难时期托比对哥哥有多重要。 ②As for me， English is my favorite subject． 对我来说，英语是我最喜欢的科目。 ③You may ask your English teacher for help． 你可以向你的英语老师寻求帮助。 ④Every afternoon we have many kinds of wonderful extra－curricular activities． 每天下午我们都有多种精彩的课外活动。 ⑤I am very happy that I will go to the UK as an exchange student next semester． 我很高兴下学期要去英国做交换生。 2.形容词短语（Adjective Phrase） 【先感悟】 ①She is a quite warm－hearted teacher． ②You can go fishing in your spare time， which is really interesting． ③It’s really quite important to have a reasonable work schedule． ④（教材典句）Studying hard isn’t always fun， but I’ll be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future． ⑤You’re old enough to travel on the train by yourself． 【会发现】 形容词短语的构成： 句①②：副词＋形容词 句③：副词短语＋形容词 句④：副词＋形容词＋介词短语 句⑤：形容词＋enough 【善归纳】 （1）形容词短语的定义：指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词，一般用作定语（修饰名词或代词）、表语或宾语补足语。 （2）形容词短语的组成：（副词/副词短语）＋形容词＋（介词短语/enough）。 （3）副词enough在修饰形容词构成形容词短语时，一般放在所修饰的形容词后面。 【运用练】　请用下画线标出下面语段中的形容词短语 　　Last week， I had a very important quiz in English class．It was so hard for me to answer these questions．I was too worried to tell my mom about my failure in the quiz， wondering if she would be really angry with me．Anyway， she knew I had tried my best and she encouraged me to do better next time． 3.副词短语（Adverb Phrase） 【先感悟】 ①（教材典句）First， I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take． ②The children over there are putting something on the round plate． ③Jim jumps far too high and no one can match him．　 ④I do not know her well enough to ask her for help． 【会发现】 副词短语的构成： 句①②：副词＋副词 句③：副词短语＋副词 句④：副词＋enough 【善归纳】 （1）副词短语的定义：指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般用作状语。 （2）副词短语的组成：（副词/副词短语）＋副词＋（enough）。 （3）副词enough在修饰副词构成副词短语时，一般放在所修饰的副词后面。 【运用练】　完成句子 ①He responded very quickly to the teacher’s questions． 对老师的提问，他回答得很快。 ②I do quite well in working in groups． 我在团体合作方面做得很好。 ③The coat is rather too small for her． 这件外套对她来说太小了。 ④I wish you’d write clearly enough for us to read it．　 我希望你能写得足够清楚，让我们能看得懂。 Ⅰ．写出下列句子中加蓝部分所属短语类型和所作成分 1.The tallest boy in our class is Li Lei． 2.She studies English very hard． 3.Tom carefully wrote some letters to his friends． 4.I’d like to go to the coffee shop this weekend． 5.The exam was surprisingly easy． 6.He looked very worried． 7.Corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both humans and animals． 8.John， an old friend of mine， comes from America． 短语类型 充当成分 短语类型 充当成分 1 名词短语 主语 5 形容词短语 表语 2 副词短语 状语 6 形容词短语 表语 3 名词短语 宾语 7 名词短语 表语 4 名词短语 宾语 8 名词短语 同位语 Ⅱ．利用括号中的词汇扩展下列句子 1.It was a chance for us to see animals．（great； all kinds of） It was a great chance for us to see all kinds of animals． 2.We should work harder to protect animals．（much； those； rare） We should work much harder to protect those rare animals． 3.I am confident when I have to talk to different people．（quite） I am quite confident when I have to talk to different people． 4.When I was staying with a French family， I saw something unusual．（far more） When I was staying with a French family， I saw something far more unusual． Ⅰ．判断加蓝部分的短语类型及其在句中所作成分 1.I am sure that you will have a wonderful stay here!　名词短语；宾语 2.I believe that I am quite suitable for the post．　形容词短语；表语 3.They offer a good opportunity for students to practice English．　名词短语；宾语 4.Once again， please accept my sincere apology．　副词短语；状语 5.The long travel has made me very tired．　形容词短语；宾语补足语 6.Potala Palace covers an area of 360，000 square meters．　名词短语；宾语 7.Most importantly， I have rich experience in offering some useful suggestions．　副词短语；状语 8.I have just graduated from Zhongshan No.1 Middle School．　名词短语；宾语 9.We can make ourselves more active and smarter by doing exercise．　形容词短语；宾语补足语 10.Club members meet every Friday afternoon for mass learning．　名词短语；主语 Ⅱ．语法与写作 1.We understand you have a busy schedule， but we would greatly appreciate it if you could finish the piece by December 15th．　（2025•全国二卷） 我们理解您日程繁忙，但若您能在12月15日前完成该作品，我们将不胜感激。 2.Last month， you kindly agreed to write an article about sports in Canada， and we’re all looking forward to reading it．　（2025•全国二卷） 上个月，您欣然同意撰写一篇关于加拿大体育的文章，我们都期待着阅读这篇佳作。 3.To keep the animals taken better care of， I call on all the people to volunteer their time to save and help these lovely animals． 为了让动物得到更好的照顾，我呼吁所有的人自愿花时间来拯救和帮助这些可爱的动物。 4.Hearing that you’re planning to visit Xi’an， I am very glad to offer you some suggestions． 听说你打算去西安旅游，我很高兴给你提一些建议。 5.I think the English Club can organise all kinds of English debates， which will improve our confidence in using English． 我认为英语俱乐部可以组织各种各样的英语辩论，这将提高我们使用英语的信心。 Ⅲ．使用本单元所学短语类型完成下面语段 　　1.Our school science club （我们学校的科学俱乐部） was established in 2020.It now has 55 members， including me．Our instructor is 2.very knowledgeable and responsible （知识渊博并且很负责）．We often carry out 3.all kinds of experiments （各种各样的实验）， which are 4.interesting and meaningful （有趣且有意义）．We all want to be scientists to help our country 5.develop much more quickly （更快地发展）． Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 　　If you’re digitally skilled， it has likely been a while since you spent much time writing by hand．The laborious process of tracing out our thoughts， letter by letter， on the page is becoming a thing of the past in our screen－dominated world， where text messages and thumb－typed grocery lists have replaced handwritten letters and sticky notes．To keep up， many schools are introducing computers as early as preschool， meaning some kids may learn the basics of typing before writing by hand．Although electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits， giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost． 　　Typing pays no attention to the form of the letters — only involving relatively simple and uniform movements．By contrast， handwriting is a complex task．Motor system has to delicately adjust the pressure that each finger applies on the pen to recreate each letter．Adding to the complexity， your visual system must continuously process that letter as it’s formed， with your brain making adjustments to fingers in real time to create the letters’ shapes．“This process lets you make your body and what you are seeing mesh，” says Robert Wiley， a cognitive psychologist at the University of North Carolina， adding “such complexity is crucial to mental development”． 　　Screens and keyboards replacing pen and paper might affect kids’ ability to learn letters， which is actually an important predictor of later reading and math attainment．If young children are not receiving any handwriting training， their brains simply won’t reach their full potential．For adults， typing often results in failing to actually process information．During a lecture， it’s possible to type what they’re hearing word for word．But often， they’re just typing blindly， failing to make information their own．On the other hand， taking notes by hand forces them to write only key words and use drawings or arrows to work through ideas． 　　Actually， we don’t have to drop digital tools， like graphics tablets and smart pens， to capitalize on the power of handwriting．Recent research suggests that writing on a screen activates the same brain pathways as writing on paper．It’s the movement that counts， not its final form． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了手写对大脑发育有益，解释了背后的原因以及作者对智能笔的态度。 1.What does the author intend to convey in paragraph 1？（　　） A．Abandoning handwriting is unwise． B．Digital literacy is essential nowadays． C．Handwritten communication is out of date． D．Computer courses are urgently needed in preschools． 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者想表达放弃手写是不明智的。 2.What does the underlined word “mesh” in paragraph 2 mean？（　　） A．Set up．　 B．Run fast． C．Mess up． D．Work together． 解析：D　词义猜测题。画线词上文解释了书写的过程需要大脑调整手指进行，说明大脑和手是一起工作的。因此画线词意为“一起工作”。 3.What can be inferred from paragraph 3？（　　） A．Blind typing contributes to brain development． B．Kids have a preference for screens and keyboards． C．Handwritten markers are good for getting ideas linked． D．Adults have the ability to memorize complex information． 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，手写笔记有助于把想法联系起来。 4.What is the author’s attitude towards using digital pens？（　　） A．Doubtful．　 B．Critical． C．Favorable． D．Unclear． 解析：C　观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者对使用数字笔的态度是支持。 B 　　（2026•贵阳高一上检测）Josie， who is 17 years old， said， “Why do my parents do the same things they tell me not to do？ For example， my mum stops me from shouting through the walls and asks me to go and speak to her face－to－face， but she always shouts through the walls to me．What can I do？” 　　That is a very good point．Parents can be completely inconsistent （不一致）， and usually they don’t realize it．You see this a lot in many things like smartphones．Parents always say to their kids， “Oh， you can’t use that．That device （设备） is bad for you， so stop using it at the table．It’s harmful．” But then they are on theirs continually．So what do you expect teenagers to do？ 　　The whole “Do as I say， not as I do” thing is an annoyance， especially for a teenager who is dying for independence and respect but isn’t getting them． 　　What can teenagers do with it？ I would say you should point it out by calmly saying something like “You tell me not to scream through the walls， but you do it to me， so you can understand where I’m coming from．That’s not ideal．” They might object to it， but I think most parents who care about being parents would logically say， “That’s a reasonable point．” 　　There are a lot of conflicts （矛盾） going on between teenagers and their parents， but a lot of studies show that the conflicts are resolved a lot more when they turn into a dialogue． 　　If you can talk at a time when you’re both feeling a bit calmer， like just in the kitchen or doing something unimportant， then go in and say， “Can I just mention it？ You tell me not to do this， but you do it too．” If you can approach it in a more calm and stress－free manner， most parents will respond positively． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年如何应对父母教育自己时言行不一的问题。 5.How did Josie feel according to her words in paragraph 1？（　　） A．Hopeful．　 B．Bored． C．Proud． D．Confused． 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的Why do my parents do the same things they tell me not to do？可推知，Josie感到很困惑。 6.What does the underlined word “theirs” in paragraph 2 refer to？（　　） A．The parents’ smartphones． B．The tables in the house． C．The devices in the house． D．The teenagers’ points． 解析：A　代词指代题。根据第二段第三、四、五句以及画线词前的But then they are on，尤其是But表示转折可知，父母总是对孩子说手机有害，不要使用，而他们自己却一直在用自己的手机。由此可推知，theirs指的是父母的手机。 7.What should teenagers do with their parents’ inconsistency？（　　） A．Object to it personally． B．Complain of it continually． C．Talk with their parents calmly． D．Do some studies differently． 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句以及最后一段最后一句可知，面对父母教育自己时言行不一的问题，青少年应该冷静地和父母交谈。 8.What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph？（　　） A．To list a fact． B．To offer a suggestion． C．To show a result． D．To ask a new question． 解析：B　目的意图题。根据最后一段内容可推知，作者在最后一段就面对父母教育自己时言行不一的问题提出了建议。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五 　　（2026•烟台高一上期中）If you have a big test coming up or just want to do well in class， studying is one of the best things you can do to improve your grade．If you want to get a good grade， improving your learning efficiency （效率） is one of the ways．9.　　 　　Try to set aside a regular time to go over notes for class． Find a time when you feel the most energetic and motivated to study so you’re able to focus a little better.10.　　 Block out at least 1－2 hours of your day in a planner or on a calendar so you don’t forget to do it during the day． 　　11.　　 Avoid studying in a room with other loud people or distractions since it’ll be hard to focus and remember the material．Instead， go into your room and close the door， or find a quiet spot at the school library where you can sit． 　　Organizing your notes helps you remember information more easily． 12.　　 Go through all of the notes you’ve taken and pick out the information you think is most important．Rewrite the notes on a separate page or in a different notebook so all of the similar information is organized and easy to read． 　　Test how well you can recall information with example problems． A lot of textbooks have questions at the end of a chapter so you can test how well you know the information．You can also ask your teacher for a study guide or find tests online on the subject you’re learning.13.　　 A．Keep your study sessions shorter so you don’t get worn out． B．Sleep plays a key role in learning and remembering information． C．Here are some tips that can help you improve learning efficiency． D．Find a place where you won’t have trouble concentrating on the material． E．Even if you took notes in class， the information may jump all over the place． F．When you’re finished， check what you got wrong and review the information more． G．If you can， try to plan the same time every day so you can get into a regular routine． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些提高学习效率的方法。 9.C　设空位于首段段尾，根据上文可知，本文主题是如何提高学习效率，所以C项既点明本文主题又引出下文，符合语境。 10.G　根据上文可知，本段主要讲述留出固定的时间复习课堂笔记，所以G项符合本段主题。 11.D　设空位于段首，应是本段中心句，根据下文可知，本段主要讲述找一个能集中注意力的地方复习，所以D项（找一个能让你专心学习、不受干扰的地方）符合本段主题。 12.E　根据上文可知，本段讲述通过整理笔记来复习，所以E项是对上句的解释，符合语境。 13.F　设空位于段尾，是对上文的总结，根据上文可知，本段讲述用例题检验自己对知识的记忆效果，所以F项是讲述测试完之后的做法，符合语境。 Ⅲ．完形填空 　　（2026•南通高一上期中）I’m a mother of two boys with special needs．Recently I took my two sons for their yearly physical examination．Neither of them 　14　 such visits as they are always afraid of needles （针）．　15　， things went well this time．Both of them had lost 　16　 since we cut back on the junk food in our diets．　17　， I felt a sense of envy （羡慕） when I saw how physically healthy my younger son was． 　　What 　18　 me most about this visit， though， was seeing my elder son’s performance．Though 　19　， he chatted shyly with the nurse．And after everything was done， he 　20　 her a key chain he had made as a reward．Just as we were to 　21　， he gave her a hug which she 　22　 with mixed feelings of surprise and joy．And on our walk back outside， a sudden 　23　 came over me． 　　As parents， we often 　24　 what our children can’t do or don’t have．We compare them to others and feel sad．But watching my elder son that day， I saw how much he has to 　25　．His simple presents — a smile， a small gift， a hug — can really 　26　 someone’s day． 　　My elder son may struggle with some things， but he teaches me something important： We all have things that we wish were different， but real happiness comes from seeing the good we already have， and 　27　 sharing it with others．Remember， we should always feel 　28　 for what we do have from the bottom of our heart． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述有特殊需求孩子的母亲带儿子体检，从儿子的表现中领悟到应感恩所拥有的，分享美好才能获得真正幸福的故事。 14.A．refuses　 B．considers C．doubts D．enjoys 解析：D　根据下文as they are always afraid of needles可知，儿子们害怕打针，因此不喜欢体检。 15.A．Moreover　 B．However C．Therefore D．Then 解析：B　上文as they are always afraid of needles和本句things went well this time为转折关系，用However。 16.A．confidence　 B．balance C．weight D．interest 解析：C　根据下文since we cut back on the junk food可知，减少垃圾食品摄入会导致体重减轻。 17.A．Under pressure　 B．On purpose C．By accident D．In fact 解析：D　根据下文可知，此处是对上文“体检顺利、体重减轻”的补充说明，表达“事实上”看到小儿子健康时的感受。 18.A．frightened　 B．calmed C．impressed D．troubled 解析：C　根据下文he gave her a hug可知，大儿子的表现让作者印象深刻。 19.A．eager　 B．nervous C．ready D．proud 解析：B　根据上文as they are always afraid of needles可知，儿子们害怕打针，结合shyly可知，大儿子此时是紧张的。 20.A．gifted　 B．posted C．returned D．bought 解析：A　根据下文a key chain he had made as a reward可知，钥匙扣是他自己做的，作为回报赠送给护士。 21.A．explain　 B．protest C．leave D．continue 解析：C　根据上文And after everything was done可知，体检全部结束后，接下来应该是离开医院，符合语境。 22.A．accepted　 B．checked C．avoided D．needed 解析：A　根据下文mixed feelings of surprise and joy可知，护士惊讶又高兴，因此是接受了拥抱。 23.A．memory　 B．realization C．regret D．proposal 解析：B　根据下文母亲的感悟real happiness comes from seeing the good we already have可知，此处是突然的领悟。 24.A．worry about　 B．depend on C．take in D．count on 解析：A　根据下文We compare them to others and feel sad．可知，父母常对比孩子，为孩子的不足担心。 25.A．improve　 B．describe C．share D．design 解析：C　根据下文His simple presents — a smile， a small gift， a hug可知，大儿子通过微笑、礼物、拥抱分享美好。 26.A．schedule　 B．make C．challenge D．prove 解析：B　根据上文a smile， a small gift， a hug可知，这些能使人开心，make one’s day为固定搭配，意为“让某人开心一整天”。 27.A．equally　 B．humorously C．secretly D．generously 解析：D　根据上文以及空格后的sharing可知，大儿子主动分享礼物和拥抱，体现了慷慨。 28.A．thankful　 B．responsible C．prepared D．anxious 解析：A　根据上文real happiness comes from seeing the good we already have可知，看到拥有的美好并分享，因此要心怀感恩。 Ⅳ．语法填空 　　（2026•合肥高一上检测）Today， life as a teenager has changed greatly．The growth from childhood to adulthood is effortless for some， but difficult for others．There are many 29.　　　　　 （challenge） to face， decisions to make， and roads to take． 　　Being a teenager means we’re no longer a child 30.　　　　　　 we’re not an adult either．We make great efforts 31.　　　　　　 （live） up to so many expectations from our friends， family members， and sometimes even our parents’ friends.32.　　　　　 （actual）， in this stage of life， we’re expected to be responsible 33.　　　　　　 something yet we’re not allowed to do just as much as adults can．All adults see us as children 34.　　　　　　 are trying to be someone we can’t be just yet． 　　Many adults expect us to act just as they did， but they don’t understand that we 35.　　　　　　 （raise） differently．Times have changed compared to 30 years ago when our parents were teenagers．Back then they 36.　　　　　　 （have） more time away from phones， computers and TVs．They communicated face to face more．Nowadays we communicate online． 　　The best part of being a teenager is being able to find things at the click of a button （按钮）．With the 37.　　　　　　 （develop） of technology， today’s generation doesn’t struggle （挣扎） as much as they did 30 years ago．The new technology plays an important role in our lives．Teenagers nowadays are 38.　　　　 （close） than ever．We can easily reach each other with a mobile phone or a computer． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年的成长变化，以及他们的生活和父母时代的不同之处。 29.challenges　考查名词复数。根据空前的many可知，空处应用名词复数作主语。故填challenges。 30.and　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，设空前后句子为并列关系，应用并列连词。故填and。 31.to live　考查非谓语动词。make effort to do sth意为“努力做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to live。 32.Actually　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词作状语，修饰后面的句子，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Actually。 33.for　考查介词。be responsible for意为“对……负责”，为固定搭配。故填for。 34.who/that　考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为children，指人，并在从句中作主语。故填who/that。 35.are raised　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处应是句子的谓语，we和raise之间为被动关系；且根据语境可知，应用一般现在时。故填are raised。 36.had　考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空处应是句子的谓语，且根据空前的Back then可知，应用一般过去时。故填had。 37.development　考查名词。with the development of意为“随着……发展”，为固定搭配。故填development。 38.closer　考查形容词比较级。根据空后的than可知，空处应用形容词比较级。故填closer。 5 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $