2027年高考英语一轮之自然灾害与防范主题复习 任务单

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统覆盖自然灾害与防范主题的高考核心考点，整合主题词汇、派生易混词、核心短语、高分句型及写作语料，按“词汇-句型-语用”逻辑构建知识网络，通过任务单设计和问题链驱动，引导学生自主梳理词形变化、短语搭配及句型应用规律，形成结构化语言知识体系。 亮点在于专题限时训练与分层任务设计，如核心词变形、句型转换及语法填空等自测工具，帮助学生自主诊断薄弱环节，培养语言能力和思维品质。每个模块配有参考答案和错题归因引导，支持学生个性化复习，教师可通过学情反馈精准指导，提升备考实效。

2027年高考英语一轮之自然灾害与防范主题复习 I.主题核心词汇 1.各类灾害名词 tsunami n.海啸 typhoon n.台风 volcano n.火山 tornado n.龙卷风；旋风 landslide n.(山地或悬崖的) 崩塌；滑坡 sandstorm n.沙尘暴 lightning n.闪电 thunderstorm n.雷暴 hurricane n.飓风 drought n.干旱，旱灾 blizzard n.暴风雪 avalanche n.雪崩 desertification n.(土地的) 沙漠化 2.灾害现场相关事物 brick n.砖；砖块 lava n.熔岩；岩浆 crack n.裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使) 破裂 metal n.金属 helicopter n.直升机 whistle vi.吹口哨；(风) 呼啸 n.哨子 (声) unearth vt.挖掘；发掘 magnitude n.(地震) 震级；重大 3.救灾、应急行动 evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离 shelter n.避难处；庇护 v.保护；掩蔽 rescue n.& vt.营救；救援 fund n.资金；基金 v.为……提供资金 relief n.宽慰；缓解；救灾物资，救济 4.描述类 & 地理名词 orderly adj.有秩序的，有条理的 exceptionally adv.极其；非常 latitude n.纬度 equator n.赤道 II.高频派生 & 易混词梳理 1.collapse vi.&vt.倒塌；崩溃 n.坍塌；崩溃→collapsed adj.已崩塌的，坍塌的 拓展：a collapsed house 一栋坍塌的房屋 2.damage vt.损害；毁坏 n.损失；损害→damages n.损害赔偿金 拓展：suffer severe damage 遭受严重损毁 3.predict vt.预测；预知→prediction n.预测；预报→predictable adj.可预测的 拓展：predict natural hazards 预判自然灾害 4.alert vt.使警觉；警告 adj.警觉的 n.警报→alertness n.警觉 拓展：alert citizens to risks 提醒民众留意风险 5.recover vi.恢复；康复 vt.找回→recovery n.恢复；灾后重建 拓展：recover from natural blows 从自然灾害的打击中恢复过来 6.terrify vt.使恐惧；惊吓→terrified adj.(人) 感到恐惧的→terrifying adj.(事物) 令人恐怖的 7.destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭→destruction n.毁灭→destructive adj.破坏性的 8.survive vi.幸存 vt.幸免于→survival n.生存；幸存→survivor n.幸存者 9.warn vt.警告；告诫→warning n.警示；警报 拓展：warn against potential risks 警示潜在风险 10.rebuild vt.&vi.重建；复原→reconstruction n.重建；修复 Ⅲ.必背核心短语 on hand 现有的；在手边 sweep away 卷走；彻底摧毁 safe and sound 安然无恙 keep one’s head 保持冷静 dig out 挖出；发掘出 to one’s relief 令某人宽慰的是 make up for 弥补；补偿 spring up 突然出现 take precautions against 对……采取防范措施 in case of 万一；倘若 Ⅳ.高分句型精讲 1.be doing…when… 正在做……这时突然…… 用法：when作并列连词，引出突发意外事件。 同类句型：be about to do…when…正要做……突然；had just done…when…刚做完……这时。 Many local residents were sleeping through the night when a powerful earthquake hit the whole region. 许多当地居民夜里正在熟睡，一场强地震突然袭击了整片区域。 2.It occurs/occurred to sb that… 某人突然想到…… 用法：it为形式主语，that从句作真正主语。 It occurred to local government officials that temporary shelters should be built for homeless survivors. 当地政府官员忽然想到，应当为无家可归的幸存者搭建临时避难所。 3.It seemed as if… 仿佛；好像 用法：as if引导表语从句；若描述与客观现实相反，要用虚拟语气，be 动词统一用 were。 It seemed as if the violent typhoon were going to wipe out the whole coastal village. 猛烈的台风仿佛要把整个滨海村落彻底毁掉。 V.重点单词辨析 1.inform vt.告知，通知；了解 词块： inform sb of/about sth 通知某人某事 inform sb that… 通知某人…… keep sb informed of/about… 让某人随时知晓…… 辨析：inform 侧重正式告知消息；remind 侧重于提醒某人记起被遗忘的事情。 2.scare vt.使恐惧；惊吓 词块： scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人去做某事 scare…away/off 把……吓跑 be scared to death 吓得要死 辨析：scare 制造恐慌；terrify 程度更强，指使人陷入极度惊恐。 3.shock v.使震惊 n.震惊；打击 词块： be shocked at/by… 对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth 因做某事而震惊 in shock 震惊地；处于休克状态 辨析：shock多指突发事件带来精神冲击；surprise只是普通的意外惊讶。 4.distance n.距离；远处 词块： in the distance 在远处 at a distance of 在……距离之外 keep sb at a distance 与某人保持距离 5.ruin n.废墟；毁灭 vt.毁坏；摧毁 词块： be/lie in ruins 沦为废墟 ruin one’s hope/future 毁掉希望 / 前程 辨析：ruin 多指逐步毁坏；destroy 多指一次性彻底摧毁。 6.strike vt.&vi.(struck、struck /stricken)（灾害）侵袭；击打；罢工 熟词生义： ①自然灾害突然来袭 ②击打 ③罢工 词块：be struck by disaster 遭遇灾害 VI.写作语料积累 一、应用文 1.词块 state of emergency 紧急状态 evacuate residents 疏散居民 raise public awareness 提升公众防灾意识 take disaster precautions 做好防灾准备 2.高分背诵句 (1)It is vital for ordinary citizens to keep calm in face of unexpected natural disasters. 面对突如其来的自然灾害，普通民众保持冷静至关重要。 (2)Joint efforts are required to help disaster‑hit communities recover from heavy losses. 需要多方携手，帮助受灾社区从巨大损失中恢复。 二、读后续写 1.词块 come crashing down 轰然倒塌 grab hold of 紧紧抓住 grope for 摸索寻找 crawl out of 从……内部爬出 2.高分背诵句 (1)When the fierce hurricane broke out, they grabbed hold of solid furniture, too terrified to utter a single word. 猛烈的飓风来袭，他们紧紧抓住坚固家具，吓得说不出一句话。 (2)Crawling out of the collapsed building, they caught sight of rescue helicopters hovering in the sky. 从坍塌的楼房里爬出来，他们看见救援直升机盘旋在空中。 VII.专题限时训练 一、核心词变形与句式练习 1.inform (1) After the sudden mudslide hit the mountain village, locals waited patiently for further ________(inform) from the rescue team. (2) Volunteers keep villagers ________(inform) of real‑time risk warnings day and night. 2.scare (1) The fierce storm scared local farmers ________ abandoning their farmhouses for temporary shelters. (2) Seeing thick volcanic smoke rising nearby, I admitted I was ________(scare) to death. (3) 狂风越逼近，村民内心越发惶恐。他们尝试敲击铜锣把野兽驱离。 The closer the strong wind drew near, ________________________.They tried to beat gongs to ________________________. 3.shock (1) Local survivors were ________(shock) at the ________(shock) scene left by the heavy landslide. (2) Locals were shocked ________(realize) dozens of cottages had been buried, which came as ________ great shock to the whole town. (3) Staring at villages buried under thick mud ________ shock, rescue workers began their work right away. 4.distance (1) The terrible mud‑rock flow is only a ________(distance) memory for these survivors now. (2) 救援队会在距离集镇三公里的开阔平地搭建临时避难帐篷。 The rescue team will set up temporary shelter tents on open ground ________________________________________. 5.ruin (1) A great many houses lay ________ ruins after the violent sandstorm hit this area. (2) Ancient sites in this region ________(ruin) by repeated natural disasters over hundreds of years. (3) Weeks of non-stop heavy rain totally ruined their holiday trip.（非谓语作状语改写） Weeks of non-stop heavy rain poured down, ________________________________________. 6.句型训练 be doing…when… (1) 救援人员正在整理救灾物资，这时远方传来一阵巨大的轰鸣。 Rescuers ________________________ relief supplies ________ a loud roar came in the distance. (2) 他们正要赶往避险安置点，山洪突然冲毁了山间小路。 They ________________________ for the safety shelter ________ mountain floods swept across the mountain path. (3) 幸存者刚刚逃出摇晃的房屋，房屋就轰然倒塌。 _________________________________________________________ when the building came crashing down. 二、熟词生义练 deliver (1) The experienced doctor delivered a baby safely amid the chaotic flood‑rescue work.________ (2) Community volunteers delivered bottled water and blankets to homeless survivors overnight.________ (3) A geologist delivered a lecture on disaster prevention in the community hall last weekend.________ 三、综合语法填空 (1) It occurred ________ the volunteers that survivors might need more safe drinking water. (2) There is still no reliable ________(inform) about the scale of this sudden mudslide. (3) It was ________ big shock for eyewitnesses to see their hometown severely damaged. (4) The scene looked so real as if they ________(experience) the powerful typhoon in person. (5) Centuries later, the old castle remains partly ________ ruins after frequent earthquakes. (6) Lots of local residents ________(shock) when they found their homes buried under thick mud. (7) The snow kept falling for weeks, ________(result) in serious traffic chaos across the whole area. (8) Ordinary people can be deeply affected ________ natural disasters; therefore prevention matters greatly. 参考答案 一、核心词变形与句式练习 1.inform (1) information (2) informed 2.scare (1) into (2) scared (3) the more scared the villagers felt；scare wild beasts away 3.shock (1) shocked; shocking (2) to realize; a (3) in 4.distance (1) distant (2) at a distance of three kilometers from the market town 5.ruin (1) in (2) have been ruined (3) totally ruining their holiday trip 6.句型训练 be doing…when… (1) were sorting out；when (2) were about to head；when (3) The survivors had just escaped from the shaking house 二、熟词生义练 deliver (1) 接生 (2) 递送；分发 (3) 发表（演讲） 三、综合语法填空 (1) to (2) information (3) a (4) had experienced (5) in (6) were shocked (7) resulting (8) by 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $