WELCOME UNIT 文化通览 博览万象·融会中西-【优学精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册教用Word（人教版）

本讲义核心围绕中国园林艺术、人与自然关系及文学选读展开，通过高频词汇与话题佳句构建语言基础，语法填空深化中西园林文化对比，阅读理解分析人类与自然亲近感下降问题，文学选读提升语用能力，形成递进式学习支架。 该资料亮点在于融合文化意识与思维品质培养，如中国园林与法国园林发展差异对比增强跨文化认知，人类与自然亲近感研究引导批判性思考，《秘密花园》选读强化语言理解与表达。课中辅助教师构建文化语境，课后助力学生巩固词汇语法，弥补阅读短板。

中国园林艺术 【高频词汇】 1．classic adj.　　　　　　　 传统的 2．boast v. 有(值得自豪的东西) 3．construction n. 建筑；建造 4．pavilion n. 亭，阁 5．integrate v. 合并，成为一体 6．tile n. 瓦片 7．architect n. 建筑师 8．superficially adv. 表面(上)地 9．firm adj. 结实的；稳固的 10．brick n. 砖，砖块 11．microcosm n. 缩影 12．rockery n. 假山 13．pond n. 池塘 14．symbolize v. 象征 15．poetic imagery 诗情画意 16．view shifting 移步换景 17．zigzag bridge 曲桥 18．historical site 历史遗迹 19．take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感 【话题佳句】 1．The garden culture in China is not only a show of artistic beauty but also a way to pass on cultural traditions. Traditional Chinese ideas about beauty, ways of thinking, and how to live are closely mixed into how gardens like the Summer Palace in Beijing are planned and built. 　中国的园林文化不仅是艺术之美的展现，也是传承文化传统的一种方式。传统的中国美学观念、思维方式以及生活方式，都紧密地融入了像北京颐和园这样的园林的规划与建造之中。 2．Called “the museums of Chinese aesthetics”， classical Chinese gardens are the best examples of traditional landscape design. They mix natural things like rocks and water with buildings and paths made by people very well. 被誉为“中国美学博物馆”的中国古典园林是传统景观设计的最佳范例。它们将岩石、水等自然事物与人工建造的建筑和路径完美地融合在一起。 3．Guided by the Taoist idea of “unity of man and nature”， Chinese garden designers tried to create small models of the natural world in limited spaces. This made visitors feel like they were walking in real landscapes. 在道家“天人合一”理念的指引下，中国园林设计师试图在有限的空间里创造出自然世界的缩影。这让游客感觉仿佛置身于真实的自然景观之中漫步。 4．A special feature of Chinese gardens is that they focus on “changing views as you walk”. Winding paths, curved bridges, and carefully placed windows frame different scenes, encouraging people to explore in a relaxed way. 中国园林的一个特色是强调“移步换景”。蜿蜒的小径、弯曲的桥梁以及精心布置的窗户勾勒出不同的景致，鼓励人们以一种轻松自在的方式去探索。 5．More than just places, Chinese gardens are like three­dimensional poems and quiet paintings. Every rock, every tree, and every body of water has a deep symbolic meaning and is connected to literature. 中国园林不仅仅是场所，更像是立体的诗歌和静谧的画卷。每一块岩石、每一棵树以及每一片水域都有着深刻的象征意义，并且与文学相关联。 “One will always notice that as societies advance toward civility (文明) and refinement (文雅), people tend to build impressive structures before they learn to cultivate gardens with care and elegance.” This is a modern­English rendering of an 1.observation(observe) English philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon made in his essay Of Gardens (1625). By all evidence, Bacon seems to have been right; the French admired the greatness of the Palace of Versailles long before they celebrated Claude Monet's garden at Giverny, which, at a mere one hectare, is scarcely 1/800th 2.the size of the huge estate commissioned by the all­powerful Sun King. This pattern is 3.evident(evidence) not just in France, says Lyu Wentao, curator of Suzhou Museum's ongoing exhibition, from the Humble Administrator's Garden to Monet's Garden, in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. “Chinese gardens began as royal and noble pleasure gardens in the first millennium BC, often built on 4.raised(raise) earthen platforms or enclosed within defined perimeters(周长)，” he says. “Often attached to palaces and royal estates, they served not only for leisure 5.but also for ritual and symbolic purposes, projecting the rulers' authority.” Yet, a sense of resignation eventually began emerging and quickly gained appeal among China's scholar­officials, many of 6.whom, having experienced the unavoidable disappointment of political life, ultimately chose to withdraw from public affairs. The garden, as a miniature natural landscape, became not only their refuge but also a symbol of resilience and quiet 7.resistance(resist)—a subtle, silent form of rebellion(反抗). Take, for example, Zhuozheng Yuan, or the Humble Administrator's Garden, 8.built(build) in the early 16th century by retired Ming (1368­1644) official Wang Xianchen. The humility he claimed to embrace was, in effect, a way of asserting moral superiority—even though his own character was somewhat open to question. 9．Another example is Canglang Ting, or the Pavilion of the Surging Waves, a garden that naturally took shape around a waterside pavilion. Built in the mid­11th century, it derives 10.its(it) name from an ancient poem composed sometime between the 4th and 2nd centuries BCE. Human Connection to Nature Has Declined 60% in 220 Years Adapted from The Guardian Since 1800, people's feeling of closeness to nature has dropped by more than 60%. A surprising clue to this loss comes from books: words like river, moss and blossom have been used less and less, matching the decline almost line for line. Professor Miles Richardson of Derby University created a computer model that followed this trend for 220 years. The model looked at city growth, the fall in local wildlife and, most importantly, parents no longer sharing their love of nature with their children. The study, published in the journal Earth, warns that the “extinction of experience” will continue unless society acts quickly. Simply asking adults to spend more time outside is not enough; programmes such as 30 Days Wild may lift mood, but they do not stop the long­term slide. Instead, the model shows that two actions are far more powerful: giving very young children regular contact with nature, for example through forest school nurseries, and making cities much greener. Richardson was shocked by how large these changes must be. A city may have to become ten times greener, not just 30% greener, to turn the trend around. Yet the goal may be within reach. People in Sheffield now spend only four minutes and thirty­six seconds in nature each day; raising this to about forty minutes could be sufficient. There is even a hint of hope in culture. After 1990, nature words in books stopped falling and have partly returned. Whether this signals a true eco­awareness or just a fashion is still unclear, but it shows that recovery is possible if society chooses transformation over small fixes. 1．closeness n．亲近感 2．moss n．苔藓 3．blossom n．花朵 4．journal n．期刊 5．extinction n．消亡，灭绝 6．nursery n．托儿所；苗圃 7．sufficient adj.足够的 8．eco­awareness n．生态意识 9．transformation n．转变 1．Simply asking adults to spend more time outside is not enough; programmes such as 30 Days Wild may lift mood, but they do not stop the long­term slide. [分析]　本句是由分号和 but 连接的并列句；第一个分句中动名词短语“Simply asking...outside”作主语。 [翻译]　仅仅要求成年人多花时间在户外是不够的；像“30天亲近自然”这样的活动或许能改善情绪，但无法阻止长期的下滑趋势。 2．Whether this signals a true eco­awareness or just a fashion is still unclear, but it shows that recovery is possible if society chooses transformation over small fixes. [分析]　本句是主从复合句。“Whether...or...”引导主语从句；that 引导宾语从句；if 引导条件状语从句。 [翻译]　这究竟是真正的生态意识觉醒，还是只是一种时尚，目前尚不清楚，但它表明如果社会选择彻底变革而非小修小补，复苏是有可能的。 A study finds people's 1.closeness to nature has dropped over 60% in 220 years. To stop the decline, young children's 2.nature contact and 3.much greener cities are needed. Recent rise of nature words offers hope for recovery. Her First Friend Martha Excerpt from Secret Garden 性格孤僻的小女孩玛丽、农家小子迪肯和体弱多病的少爷柯林成了好朋友，他们找到了秘密花园的钥匙，和花园一起经历了一次诗意般的复活。 When cholera (霍乱) swept through① the house in India, it killed Mary's mother, her father and her servants. Only ten­year­old Mary Lennox survived, becoming an orphan②. Finally, she was sent to live with her Uncle Archibald in Yorkshire. Mary sighed③ as④ the train pulled out⑤ of the station. “More travelling！” she thought to herself. “I've been going from person to person for weeks, like the booby prize in ‘pass the parcel’．” She was going to stay with the only relation she had left, but she knew nothing about him. Her black dress was stiff⑥ and itchy⑦. She felt cold. Was England always so wet? So grey? It was very different from India. Even the people were different. They looked and sounded strange. Just then Mrs. Medlock spoke. She was her uncle's housekeeper⑧ and had come to take Mary back to Yorkshire.“So，” said Mrs. Medlock，“what do you know about your uncle？” Mary said nothing.　　“What a rude⑨ child！” thought Mrs. Medlock.“And very plain⑩ looking. Why, her face is so pale⑪！ Almost yellow.” But she asked again，“What did your mother and father tell you about your uncle？” Mary just stared⑫ out of the window and frowned. The truth was, Mary's mother and father had never said much to her about anything. Her father was always at work, and her mother was always at some party. “Well, I'll tell you anyway，” Mrs. Medlock sniffed⑬. “First of all, don't go expecting a big welcome when you get to Misselthwaite Manor (庄园).” “I shan't！” Mary said, stung⑭ as if she had been accused of⑮ something. Mrs. Medlock raised an eyebrow⑯. “Oh! You shan't, shall you? He was born with a crooked back, which gave him a bad start in life. Mr. Craven's always sour⑰ until he was married. She was a sweet and pretty thing. But she died, leaving him stranger than ever. He cares about nobody. He won't see people.” Mary felt her spirits⑱ sink⑲ even lower.⑳ So Yorkshire was going to be just like India, then. There no one wanted her. As if to prove it, when they finally arrived at Misselthwaite Manor, Mrs. Medlock took her straight upstairs. “Master (主人) doesn't want to see you，” she said. “He's going to London in the morning.” “Fine! I don't want to see him either！” Mary thought.㉑ Holding her head high, she followed Mrs. Medlock up a broad㉒ staircase and along corridor (走廊) after corridor. At last Mary was shown into a room, which had a fire in it and a supper set out. “Well, here you are. This room and the next is where you'll stay. And I mean stay! No wandering㉓ about! Mr. Craven won't have㉔ it and nor will I㉕！” Mrs. Medlock told her. With that warm welcome㉖， Mary Lennox was left alone㉗. Mary awoke㉘ the next morning to the loud sound. She sat up in her bed and looked around. A girl was making a fire in the fireplace. “Who are you？” Mary asked. The girl turned. “Oh! You're up! Morning, Miss! I'm Martha，” she said with a smile. 　　Mary climbed out of bed and held her arms in the air. “I suppose you'd better dress me then，” she told Martha. Martha blinked㉙.“You what？” “You are my servant, aren't you？” she asked.“Dress me！” “Well, I have been told to come and help you，” Martha said, “but I didn't think you'd need dressing. Our Susan Ann dresses herself and she's only four！” Mary felt her cheeks flush㉚. “Of course I could dress myself, if I wanted to！” she declared㉛. To prove it, Mary struggled㉜ into her new clothes. In truth, she had never dressed herself in her life. She found it hard㉝， especially buttoning up her boots. Finally, with a proud㉞ look on her face㉟， she said, “I've done it！” “Well done, Miss！” Martha nodded㊱. “Excepting for㊲ your boots being on the wrong feet, you've done a grand㊳ job！” As Martha helped Mary with her buttons, she began to chat. “I hope you like it here, Miss. There's not much inside but outside—well—there's a whole world waiting for you.” “I've never played outside，” Mary told her. “Never played outside? No wonder㊴ you're so pale! My mother's had twelve children and every one of us has played outside all our lives, especially our Dickon.” “Dickon？” “Aye(＝yes，是的), Dickon, my brother. He's out on the moors (荒野) come rain or shine㊵. And talk about animal mad. You never know what he'll bring home next.” “I don't like the moors，” Mary said. “Well, there're gardens at Misselthwaite. But there's one garden you can't go in.” “Why not？” The maid hesitated㊶ and then lowered her voice. “It's been locked up for ten years. Mr. Craven locked it after his wife died.” “Why？” said Mary. “Did she die in the garden？” “Sort of. She fell off a swing㊷ and never opened her eyes again. Poor Mr. Craven was heartbroken. He buried㊸ the key, so nobody could find the garden ever again.” Martha chewed her lip㊹. “Don't tell nobody I told you that, will you? I'll be in such trouble if you do.” “I won't tell，” Mary promised. ①sweep through迅速传播；席卷 ②orphan n．孤儿 ③sigh v．叹息 ④此处为as引导时间状语从句。 ⑤pull out驶出 ⑥stiff adj.硬的；不易弯曲的 ⑦itchy adj.发痒的 ⑧housekeeper n．管家 ⑨rude adj.无礼的 ⑩plain [熟词生义] adj.相貌平平的 ⑪pale adj.苍白的 ⑫stare v．凝视 ⑬sniff [熟词生义] v．不以为然地说 ⑭sting (stung, stung) v．激怒；使不安 ⑮be accused of控告；控诉 ⑯raise an eyebrow挑起眉毛 ⑰sour adj.阴郁的；闷闷不乐的 ⑱spirit n．精神 ⑲sink v．逐渐陷入(不快) ⑳此处为心理描写。 ㉑此处为心理描写。 ㉒broad adj.宽阔的 ㉓wander v．闲逛 ㉔此处表示允许。 ㉕此处使用部分倒装，加强了语气。 ㉖此处为反语。 ㉗leave alone留下……一个人 ㉘awake (awoke, awoken) v．醒来 ㉙blink v．眨眼 ㉚flush v．脸红 ㉛declare v．宣称；表明 ㉜struggle v．奋力；努力 ㉝此处为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。　 ㉞proud adj.骄傲的 ㉟此处为with复合结构。 ㊱nod v．点头 ㊲except for...除……以外 ㊳grand adj.极好的 ㊴no wonder难怪 ㊵come rain or shine风雨无阻 ㊶hesitate v．犹豫 ㊷swing n．秋千 ㊸bury v．埋藏；(以土、石、树叶等)覆盖 ㊹chew one's lip咬嘴唇 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $