Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单词词组句式写作 -2027届高三英语一轮复习人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦人教版必修一Unit4自然灾害主题，构建"词汇-语法-语用"三维训练体系，强化语言能力与学习能力培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单词|37词默写|基础词汇识记|核心名词/动词/形容词积累| |词性转换|13题|词形变化训练|词汇形态拓展（名动/形副转换）| |熟词生义|10词|一词多义辨析|词义深度理解与语境适配| |短语|12组|固定搭配应用|从词义到情境化表达过渡| |语法填空|10空|语篇语法填空|语法规则在灾害主题语篇中的运用| |写作|1篇倡议书|应用文写作|综合语言知识的实际输出|

高中英语一轮复习-人教版必修一 高中英语一轮复习 人教版必修一Unit4 Natural Disasters（单词短语句式写作） 单词 · 单词默写 1. _______________ n.灾难；灾害 2. _______________ n.洪水；大量 v.淹没；大量涌入 3. _______________ n.火山 4. _______________ n.地震 5. _______________ n.旱灾；干旱 6. _______________ n.死亡；死 7. _______________ n.损失；损害 8. _______________ v.毁坏；摧毁 9. _______________ v.幸存；存活 10. _______________ n.幸存者；生还者 11. _______________ v.袭击；击打 12. _______________ n.风暴；暴风雨 13. _______________ adj.极度的；极端的 14. _______________ n.伤害；损害 15. _______________ v.破坏；扰乱 16. _______________ n.避难处；庇护 17. _______________ n.砖块；砖 18. _______________ n.金属 19. _______________ n.电；电能 20. _______________ n.努力；艰难的尝试 21. _______________ v.恢复；使复原 22. _______________ v.影响；（感情上）深深打动 23. _______________ n.援助；帮助 v.援助 24. _______________ v.供应；提供 n.供应品 25. _______________ n.帐篷 26. _______________ n.危机 27. _______________ adj.镇静的；沉着的 v.使平静 28. _______________ adj.慷慨的；大方的 29. _______________ v.捐献；捐赠 30. _______________ adv.真诚地；衷心地 31. _______________ n.龙卷风 32. _______________ n.飓风 33. _______________ n.海啸 34. _______________ n.滑坡 35. _______________ n.隧道 36. _______________ n.铁路 37. _______________ n.智慧；智能 词性转换 1. survive v.幸存；生存 → ________________ n.幸存者；________________ n.生存；幸存 2. die v.死亡 → ________________ n.死亡；________________ adj.死的；________________ adj.致命的 3. destroy v.摧毁；毁灭 → ________________ n.毁灭；破坏 4. strike v.袭击；击打 → ________________ n.罢工；袭击 5. extreme adj.极端的 → ________________ adv.极其；非常 6. injure v.伤害；损害 → ________________ n.伤害；损伤；________________ adj.受伤的 7. electric adj.电的 → ________________ n.电；电能；________________ adj.电子的 8. affect v.影响；打动 → ________________ n.影响；效果 9. donate v.捐赠；捐献 → ________________ n.捐赠；捐款 10. generous adj.慷慨的 → ________________ n.慷慨；大方 11. calm adj.镇静的 v.使平静 → ________________ adv.镇静地 12. wise adj.明智的 → ________________ n.智慧；才智 13. effort n.努力 → ________________ adj.费力的 · 熟词生义 1. flood 熟义：n.洪水 生义：n.大量；大批 v.大量涌入；充斥 a flood of messages 大量信息 2. strike 熟义：v.击打；（灾难）袭击 生义①：v.突然想到；猛然意识到（It strikes sb that…） 生义②：n.罢工 生义③：v.（钟）敲响 3. damage 熟义：v./n.损害；毁坏 生义：n.(复数damages)赔偿金 4. shelter 熟义：n.避难处；庇护所 生义：v.保护；躲避 5. supply 熟义：v.供应，提供 生义：n.(复数supplies)生活物资、补给品 6. calm 熟义：adj.镇静的 生义：v.（使）平静；平息 7. affect 熟义：v.影响 生义：v.（情感上）深深打动；使悲伤 8. effort 熟义：n.努力 生义：n.艰难的工作；成果 9. crisis 熟义：n.危机 生义：n.紧要关头 10. aid 熟义：n./v.援助，帮助 生义：n.辅助设备；辅助手段 短语 1. disaster · natural disaster 自然灾害 Many natural disasters are caused by extreme weather. 很多自然灾害由极端天气引发。 2. flood · be flooded with 被……充斥；大量涌入 The city was flooded with volunteers after the earthquake. 地震过后大批志愿者涌入这座城市。 3. strike · be struck by 遭受到；被……侵袭 The village was struck by a powerful storm. 这个村庄遭到强风暴袭击。 4. damage · do damage to 对……造成损害 The heavy rain did great damage to local crops. 暴雨对当地农作物造成巨大损害。 5. survive · survive sth 从……幸存下来（直接接宾语，不加from） Few houses survived the big earthquake. 大地震后几乎没有房屋幸存。 6. shelter · take shelter from 躲避（风雨、灾害） People took shelter from the storm in the tunnel. 人们躲进隧道躲避风暴。 7. aid · in aid of 用以援助；支持 Money was collected in aid of disaster‑hit areas. 筹集资金援助受灾地区。 · with the aid of 在……的帮助下 With the aid of volunteers, victims got supplies quickly. 在志愿者帮助下，灾民很快得到物资。 8. supply · supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb 向某人提供某物 The government supplied homeless people with tents and food. 政府向无家可归者提供帐篷和食物。 9. calm · calm down 冷静下来；使平静 Take deep breaths and calm down when you face danger. 面对危险时深呼吸，冷静下来。 10. donate · donate …to… 向……捐赠…… Many citizens donated money and goods to disaster‑hit areas. 许多市民向灾区捐款捐物。 11. effort · make every effort to do 尽一切努力做某事 Rescue workers make every effort to save survivors. 救援人员尽一切努力营救幸存者。 12. affect · be affected by 受……影响；被……打动 Many families were affected by the terrible drought. 很多家庭受到严重旱灾的影响。 完成句子 1. Lots of ____________________ happen because of extreme weather conditions. 2. After the earthquake, the whole area ____________________ volunteers from all over the country. 3. The small town ____________________ a heavy hurricane last summer. 4. The terrible drought ____________________ local farmland. 5. Very few old buildings ____________________ the big disaster. 6. Locals ____________________ the heavy rain inside the railway tunnel. 7. A charity show was held ____________________ the homeless people. 8. ____________________ the rescue team, more survivors were found. 9. The local government ____________________ victims ____________________ tents and daily supplies. 10. You should ____________________ when you meet unexpected danger. 11. Many warm‑hearted people ____________________ food and clothes ____________________ disaster‑hit regions. 12. Rescuers ____________________ look for more survivors under bricks and metal. 13. Thousands of people ____________________ the deadly flood. 情景记忆 When a natural disaster such as an earthquake or hurricane strikes an area, many buildings get destroyed and great damage is done to farmland. Some people survive the disaster while others lose their lives. The whole area is flooded with volunteers. Local people take shelter from the storm in safe tunnels. With the aid of the government, officials supply victims with tents, food and other supplies. Many citizens donate money and goods to disaster‑hit areas. Rescue workers make every effort to look for survivors. People who are affected by the crisis need to calm down. It strikes us that wisdom and generous help can help communities recover from extreme disasters sincerely. 语法填空 When a natural disaster such as an earthquake 1.________________ (strike), many buildings get 2.________________ (destroy) and great damage is done 3.________________ farmland. Some people achieve 4.________________ (survive) while others face 5.________________ (die). The area 6.________________ (flood) with volunteers. Locals take shelter 7.________________ bad weather, 8.________________ is extremely dangerous. With the aid of the government, victims 9.________________ (supply) with tents. Many citizens make donations. Rescue workers make every effort 10.________________ (save) more survivors. 句式与写作 中译英 1. 很多自然灾害是极端天气造成的。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 这座小镇遭到了飓风的袭击。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 洪水对当地农田造成巨大破坏。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. 地震过后，几乎没有房屋幸存下来。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. 人们躲进隧道躲避暴风雨。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 6. 在志愿者的帮助下，灾民得到了物资。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 7. 政府向无家可归的人们提供帐篷和食物。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 8. 遇到危险时，你应该冷静下来。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 9. 许多市民向灾区捐赠钱和物资。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 10. 救援人员尽一切努力寻找幸存者。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 11. 成千上万的人受到这场可怕旱灾的影响。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 12. 我突然想到我们可以筹集资金援助灾区。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 英译中 1. When a powerful natural disaster strikes, a flood of volunteers will come to offer help. _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. The violent storm did serious damage to houses and railway systems in the region. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Only a small number of local citizens survived the deadly tsunami. _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Locals had to take shelter from the heavy landslide inside the underground tunnel. _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. With the aid of international organizations, plenty of supplies were sent to the crisis‑hit zone. _______________________________________________________________________________ 6. The local government supplied homeless survivors with tents, medicine and daily goods. _______________________________________________________________________________ 7. It is wise to calm down and think of useful ways when you are faced with natural disasters. _______________________________________________________________________________ 8. Many warm‑hearted people donated large amounts of money in aid of people suffering from drought. _______________________________________________________________________________ 9. Rescue groups are making every effort to dig out survivors buried under bricks and metal. _______________________________________________________________________________ 10. A large number of families were deeply affected by the extreme weather last winter. _______________________________________________________________________________ 11. It struck the public that generous donations could make a real difference in disaster relief. _______________________________________________________________________________ 12. In the crisis, wisdom and joint efforts help people recover from great losses. _______________________________________________________________________________ 写作 假定你是李华，某地发生地震，学校组织捐款捐物。请你写一封倡议书，号召同学们伸出援手。要点： 1. 简述灾区现状； 2. 号召捐款、捐赠生活物资； 3. 鼓励大家保持爱心，共渡难关。 注意：词数80左右。 Dear fellow students, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高中英语一轮复习-人教版必修一 高中英语一轮复习 人教版必修一Unit4 Natural Disasters（单词短语句式写作） 单词 · 单词默写 1. _______________ n.灾难；灾害 2. _______________ n.洪水；大量 v.淹没；大量涌入 3. _______________ n.火山 4. _______________ n.地震 5. _______________ n.旱灾；干旱 6. _______________ n.死亡；死 7. _______________ n.损失；损害 8. _______________ v.毁坏；摧毁 9. _______________ v.幸存；存活 10. _______________ n.幸存者；生还者 11. _______________ v.袭击；击打 12. _______________ n.风暴；暴风雨 13. _______________ adj.极度的；极端的 14. _______________ n.伤害；损害 15. _______________ v.破坏；扰乱 16. _______________ n.避难处；庇护 17. _______________ n.砖块；砖 18. _______________ n.金属 19. _______________ n.电；电能 20. _______________ n.努力；艰难的尝试 21. _______________ v.恢复；使复原 22. _______________ v.影响；（感情上）深深打动 23. _______________ n.援助；帮助 v.援助 24. _______________ v.供应；提供 n.供应品 25. _______________ n.帐篷 26. _______________ n.危机 27. _______________ adj.镇静的；沉着的 v.使平静 28. _______________ adj.慷慨的；大方的 29. _______________ v.捐献；捐赠 30. _______________ adv.真诚地；衷心地 31. _______________ n.龙卷风 32. _______________ n.飓风 33. _______________ n.海啸 34. _______________ n.滑坡 35. _______________ n.隧道 36. _______________ n.铁路 37. _______________ n.智慧；智能 默写参考答案 1. disaster 2. flood 3. volcano 4. earthquake 5. drought 6. death 7. damage 8. destroy 9. survive 10. survivor 11. strike 12. storm 13. extreme 14. injury 15. disrupt 16. shelter 17. brick 18. metal 19. electricity 20. effort 21. recover 22. affect 23. aid 24. supply 25. tent 26. crisis 27. calm 28. generous 29. donate 30. sincerely 31. tornado 32. hurricane 33. tsunami 34. landslide 35. tunnel 36. railway 37. wisdom 词性转换 1. survive v.幸存；生存 → ________________ n.幸存者；________________ n.生存；幸存 2. die v.死亡 → ________________ n.死亡；________________ adj.死的；________________ adj.致命的 3. destroy v.摧毁；毁灭 → ________________ n.毁灭；破坏 4. strike v.袭击；击打 → ________________ n.罢工；袭击 5. extreme adj.极端的 → ________________ adv.极其；非常 6. injure v.伤害；损害 → ________________ n.伤害；损伤；________________ adj.受伤的 7. electric adj.电的 → ________________ n.电；电能；________________ adj.电子的 8. affect v.影响；打动 → ________________ n.影响；效果 9. donate v.捐赠；捐献 → ________________ n.捐赠；捐款 10. generous adj.慷慨的 → ________________ n.慷慨；大方 11. calm adj.镇静的 v.使平静 → ________________ adv.镇静地 12. wise adj.明智的 → ________________ n.智慧；才智 13. effort n.努力 → ________________ adj.费力的 词性转换参考答案 1. survivor；survival 2. death；dead；deadly 3. destruction 4. strike 5. extremely 6. injury；injured 7. electricity；electronic 8. effect 9. donation 10. generosity 11. calmly 12. wisdom 13. effortful · 熟词生义 1. flood 熟义：n.洪水 生义：n.大量；大批 v.大量涌入；充斥 a flood of messages 大量信息 2. strike 熟义：v.击打；（灾难）袭击 生义①：v.突然想到；猛然意识到（It strikes sb that…） 生义②：n.罢工 生义③：v.（钟）敲响 3. damage 熟义：v./n.损害；毁坏 生义：n.(复数damages)赔偿金 4. shelter 熟义：n.避难处；庇护所 生义：v.保护；躲避 5. supply 熟义：v.供应，提供 生义：n.(复数supplies)生活物资、补给品 6. calm 熟义：adj.镇静的 生义：v.（使）平静；平息 7. affect 熟义：v.影响 生义：v.（情感上）深深打动；使悲伤 8. effort 熟义：n.努力 生义：n.艰难的工作；成果 9. crisis 熟义：n.危机 生义：n.紧要关头 10. aid 熟义：n./v.援助，帮助 生义：n.辅助设备；辅助手段 短语 1. disaster · natural disaster 自然灾害 Many natural disasters are caused by extreme weather. 很多自然灾害由极端天气引发。 2. flood · be flooded with 被……充斥；大量涌入 The city was flooded with volunteers after the earthquake. 地震过后大批志愿者涌入这座城市。 3. strike · be struck by 遭受到；被……侵袭 The village was struck by a powerful storm. 这个村庄遭到强风暴袭击。 4. damage · do damage to 对……造成损害 The heavy rain did great damage to local crops. 暴雨对当地农作物造成巨大损害。 5. survive · survive sth 从……幸存下来（直接接宾语，不加from） Few houses survived the big earthquake. 大地震后几乎没有房屋幸存。 6. shelter · take shelter from 躲避（风雨、灾害） People took shelter from the storm in the tunnel. 人们躲进隧道躲避风暴。 7. aid · in aid of 用以援助；支持 Money was collected in aid of disaster‑hit areas. 筹集资金援助受灾地区。 · with the aid of 在……的帮助下 With the aid of volunteers, victims got supplies quickly. 在志愿者帮助下，灾民很快得到物资。 8. supply · supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb 向某人提供某物 The government supplied homeless people with tents and food. 政府向无家可归者提供帐篷和食物。 9. calm · calm down 冷静下来；使平静 Take deep breaths and calm down when you face danger. 面对危险时深呼吸，冷静下来。 10. donate · donate …to… 向……捐赠…… Many citizens donated money and goods to disaster‑hit areas. 许多市民向灾区捐款捐物。 11. effort · make every effort to do 尽一切努力做某事 Rescue workers make every effort to save survivors. 救援人员尽一切努力营救幸存者。 12. affect · be affected by 受……影响；被……打动 Many families were affected by the terrible drought. 很多家庭受到严重旱灾的影响。 完成句子 1. Lots of ____________________ happen because of extreme weather conditions. 2. After the earthquake, the whole area ____________________ volunteers from all over the country. 3. The small town ____________________ a heavy hurricane last summer. 4. The terrible drought ____________________ local farmland. 5. Very few old buildings ____________________ the big disaster. 6. Locals ____________________ the heavy rain inside the railway tunnel. 7. A charity show was held ____________________ the homeless people. 8. ____________________ the rescue team, more survivors were found. 9. The local government ____________________ victims ____________________ tents and daily supplies. 10. You should ____________________ when you meet unexpected danger. 11. Many warm‑hearted people ____________________ food and clothes ____________________ disaster‑hit regions. 12. Rescuers ____________________ look for more survivors under bricks and metal. 13. Thousands of people ____________________ the deadly flood. 参考答案 1. natural disasters（复数表泛指） 2. was flooded with（一般过去时被动） 3. was struck by（一般过去时被动） 4. did damage to（一般过去时） 5. survived（一般过去时，survive sth直接接灾难作宾语） 6. took shelter from（一般过去时） 7. in aid of（固定短语） 8. With the aid of（句首首字母大写） 9. supplied; with（一般过去时） 10. calm down（should后接动词原形） 11. donated; to（一般过去时） 12. made every effort to（一般过去时） 13. were affected by（一般过去时被动，people复数） 情景记忆 When a natural disaster such as an earthquake or hurricane strikes an area, many buildings get destroyed and great damage is done to farmland. Some people survive the disaster while others lose their lives. The whole area is flooded with volunteers. Local people take shelter from the storm in safe tunnels. With the aid of the government, officials supply victims with tents, food and other supplies. Many citizens donate money and goods to disaster‑hit areas. Rescue workers make every effort to look for survivors. People who are affected by the crisis need to calm down. It strikes us that wisdom and generous help can help communities recover from extreme disasters sincerely. 语法填空 When a natural disaster such as an earthquake 1.________________ (strike), many buildings get 2.________________ (destroy) and great damage is done 3.________________ farmland. Some people achieve 4.________________ (survive) while others face 5.________________ (die). The area 6.________________ (flood) with volunteers. Locals take shelter 7.________________ bad weather, 8.________________ is extremely dangerous. With the aid of the government, victims 9.________________ (supply) with tents. Many citizens make donations. Rescue workers make every effort 10.________________ (save) more survivors. 参考答案+详细解析 1. strikes 【考点】谓语动词；一般现在时，单数主语 2. destroyed 【考点】被动语态；get destroyed 遭到毁坏 3. to 【考点】虚词·介词；do damage to 对……造成损害 4. survival 【考点】实词·词性转换；名词作宾语，survival生存 5. death 【考点】实词·词性转换；face death 面对死亡 6. is flooded 【考点】实词·被动语态；be flooded with 大量涌入 7. from 【考点】虚词·介词；take shelter from躲避 8. which 【考点】虚词·非限制性定语从句关系代词（新增，满足3虚词配比） 9. are supplied 【考点】实词·被动语态；be supplied with被提供 10. to save 【考点】实词·非谓语；make every effort to do尽一切努力做 句式与写作 中译英 1. 很多自然灾害是极端天气造成的。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 这座小镇遭到了飓风的袭击。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 洪水对当地农田造成巨大破坏。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. 地震过后，几乎没有房屋幸存下来。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. 人们躲进隧道躲避暴风雨。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 6. 在志愿者的帮助下，灾民得到了物资。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 7. 政府向无家可归的人们提供帐篷和食物。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 8. 遇到危险时，你应该冷静下来。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 9. 许多市民向灾区捐赠钱和物资。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 10. 救援人员尽一切努力寻找幸存者。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 11. 成千上万的人受到这场可怕旱灾的影响。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 12. 我突然想到我们可以筹集资金援助灾区。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 答案与解析 1. Many natural disasters are caused by extreme weather. 2. The small town was struck by a hurricane. 3. The flood did great damage to local farmland. 4. Few houses survived the earthquake. 5. People took shelter from the storm in the tunnel. 6. With the aid of volunteers, disaster victims got supplies. 7. The government supplied homeless people with tents and food. 8. You should calm down when facing danger. 9. Many citizens donated money and goods to disaster‑hit areas. 10. Rescue workers make every effort to search for survivors. 11. Thousands of people were affected by the terrible drought. 12. It strikes me that we can raise money in aid of disaster‑hit areas. 英译中 1. When a powerful natural disaster strikes, a flood of volunteers will come to offer help. _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. The violent storm did serious damage to houses and railway systems in the region. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Only a small number of local citizens survived the deadly tsunami. _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Locals had to take shelter from the heavy landslide inside the underground tunnel. _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. With the aid of international organizations, plenty of supplies were sent to the crisis‑hit zone. _______________________________________________________________________________ 6. The local government supplied homeless survivors with tents, medicine and daily goods. _______________________________________________________________________________ 7. It is wise to calm down and think of useful ways when you are faced with natural disasters. _______________________________________________________________________________ 8. Many warm‑hearted people donated large amounts of money in aid of people suffering from drought. _______________________________________________________________________________ 9. Rescue groups are making every effort to dig out survivors buried under bricks and metal. _______________________________________________________________________________ 10. A large number of families were deeply affected by the extreme weather last winter. _______________________________________________________________________________ 11. It struck the public that generous donations could make a real difference in disaster relief. _______________________________________________________________________________ 12. In the crisis, wisdom and joint efforts help people recover from great losses. _______________________________________________________________________________ 答案与解析 1. 当强烈的自然灾害来袭时，大批志愿者会前来提供帮助。 2. 猛烈的风暴对该地区的房屋以及铁路系统造成严重破坏。 3. 仅有少数当地民众从这场致命的海啸中幸存。 4. 当地民众不得不躲进地下隧道，躲避严重的山体滑坡。 5. 在国际组织的援助下，大量物资被送往受危机冲击的区域。 6. 当地政府向无家可归的幸存者提供帐篷、药品以及生活用品。 7. 遭遇自然灾害时，冷静下来想出可行办法是明智之举。 8. 许多热心人士捐出大笔资金，用来援助遭受旱灾的民众。 9. 救援队伍正竭尽全力挖掘被砖块、金属掩埋的幸存者。 10. 去年冬天，大量家庭深受极端天气的影响。 11. 公众突然意识到，慷慨捐赠可以在救灾工作中起到切实作用。 12. 在危机之中，智慧与共同努力帮助人们从巨大损失中恢复过来。 写作 假定你是李华，某地发生地震，学校组织捐款捐物。请你写一封倡议书，号召同学们伸出援手。要点： 1. 简述灾区现状； 2. 号召捐款、捐赠生活物资； 3. 鼓励大家保持爱心，共渡难关。 注意：词数80左右。 Dear fellow students, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 参考范文 Dear fellow students, A terrible earthquake has struck a nearby area. Many houses are destroyed and lots of people are affected by this disaster. They need tents, food and other supplies badly. We should take action. Please donate money or daily goods to disaster‑hit areas. With the aid of our help, victims can take shelter from bad weather. Let’s make every effort to support them. Small efforts can make a big difference. Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $