Unit 4 History and Traditions 单词短语句型语法（教材考点精练）英语人教版必修第二册

**基本信息** 以“History and Traditions”为主题，构建“基础词汇-句式语法-综合应用”三级递进训练体系，融合语言能力与文化意识培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单词拼写|10题|首字母/中文提示写词|聚焦单元核心名词（如sites）、动词（如dates）等，夯实主题词汇基础| |词形转换|10题|所给词正确形式填空|通过puzzle→puzzled等词性变化，构建“词根-派生-语境应用”逻辑链| |完成句子|5题|特定句式（if省略/with复合结构等）|从语法规则到语境表达，实现“形式-意义-使用”统一| |完形填空|15题|历史传统主题语篇|以“传统保护”为主线，考查词汇辨析与语篇连贯能力| |阅读理解|5题|Cornwall文化节语篇|通过节日介绍，培养跨文化理解与信息提取能力|

Unit4 History and Traditions 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 根据首字母或中文提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. The Great Wall is one of the most famous historical s________ in China. 2. It is a traditional c________ in China to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival. 3. The old temple d________ back to the Tang Dynasty has been well preserved. 4. People usually g________ each other with a handshake when they meet for the first time. 5. The museum is l________ in the center of the city, so it is easy to find. 6. The a________ of winter brings cold weather and shorter days. 7. This ancient painting b________ to a famous collector in the 18th century. 8. The c________ of the castle was very strong and protected the people inside. 9. The new policy will have a great i________ on the development of local tourism. 10. The young man was c________ with stealing the valuable painting from the museum. 二、词形转换（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. (puzzle) This math problem ________ me. The ________ clues made the game interesting, and we were all ________ by the result. 2. (belong) This book ________ to me. She felt a sense of ________ in the new class, and her ________ were packed in boxes. 3. (defend) Soldiers ________ their country bravely. The castle's ________ system was strong, and they took a ________ position in the debate. 4. (legal) Driving without a license is ________. ________, you must be 18 to vote, and ________ activities will be punished. 5. (surround) Tall trees ________ the house. The ________ area is beautiful, and we love the peaceful ________. 6. (locate) The hotel is ________ in the city center. Can you ________ the nearest hospital? The ________ of the accident is unknown. 7. (fascinate) The ________ story kept us reading all night. We were ________ by the magic show, and the ________ performance left us speechless. 8. (announce) The president will ________ a new policy tomorrow. The ________ was broadcast on TV, and the ________ explained the details clearly. 9. (eager) They are ________ to start the journey. She waited ________ for the news, and her ________ was obvious. 10. (greet) He went to the door to ________ the guests. We exchanged ________ when we met in the street. 三、短语填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 选用方框内的短语填空，注意形式变化。 join ...to ... , break away (from sb/sth) , belong to , as well as , keep your eyes open (for) , in charge , take over , leave behind , have a great influence on 1. The new bridge will ________ the two islands, making transportation much more convenient. 2. Some parts of the country tried to ________ the central government in the past, but they failed. 3. This ancient vase ________ a famous collector and is worth a large amount of money. 4. Our English teacher is kind ________ strict, which makes her very popular among students. 5. The teacher asked us to ________ any unusual behavior during the experiment. 6. Mr. Smith will be ________ of the project while the manager is away on business. 7. After the founder retired, his son ________ the family business and continued to expand it. 8. In the rush to catch the train, she ________ her keys in the hotel room. 9. The scientist's research findings ________ the development of modern medicine. 四、完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据所给句式和中文提示完成句子。 1. 句式：if条件状语从句的省略形式 So what is the difference between them, ________（如果有什么区别的话）? 2. 句式：with复合结构 The peaceful landscape is a true feast for the eyes, ________（起伏的绿色山丘上点缀着成群的牛羊）. 3. 句式：it is + adj. + that... ________（一点也不令人惊讶）that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining. 4. 句式：过去分词作宾语补足语 When you answer the question in class, you have to ________（使自己被听到）by the other students. 5. 句式：now that引导原因状语从句 ________（既然你已经完成了作业）, you can go out and play with your friends. 五、单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The castle, ________ (build) in the 12th century, is now open to the public. 2. The teacher asked us to keep our eyes ________ (open) for any mistakes in the report. 3. The old town, which ________ (surround) by mountains, attracts many tourists every year. 4. It is important for us ________ (learn) about the history and traditions of our country. 5. The painting ________ (belong) to my grandmother has been kept in the family for over 100 years. 6. Please keep me ________ (inform) of the latest news about the project. 7. The new law has been passed ________ (protect) the rights of workers. 8. The old temple ________ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty is in need of repair. 9. He had his car ________ (repair) after it broke down on the highway. 10. ________ (influence) by his teacher, he developed a great interest in history. 综合攻坚·知能拔高 六、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Every country has its own history and traditions, which are passed down from generation to generation. These traditions help to 1.______ a nation's identity and give people a sense of belonging. 2.______, in today's fast-paced world, many traditions are at risk of being forgotten. One of the most 3.______ traditions in China is the Spring Festival, which has a history of over 4,000 years. Families get together, enjoy delicious food, and 4.______ the coming of the new year. However, with more people moving to cities for work, the way people celebrate the festival has 5.______ over time. In some rural areas, traditional customs are still 6.______ alive. For example, in many villages, people still 7.______ the custom of making dumplings together on New Year's Eve. This activity not only 8.______ family members together but also passes on the skills and stories from one generation to the next. Cultural heritage is not just about old buildings and 9.______ relics. It also includes traditions, languages, and customs that 10.______ a community's way of life. Protecting cultural heritage is important because it helps us understand who we are and where we come from. Governments and organizations around the world have taken 11.______ to protect cultural heritage. UNESCO's World Heritage List 12.______ over 1,000 sites that are considered to have outstanding value to humanity. These sites are 13.______ for future generations to appreciate and learn from. However, protection is not just the 14.______ of governments and organizations. Every individual can play a part in preserving cultural heritage by learning about it and passing it 15.______ to others. 1. A. shape B. destroy C. ignore D. copy 2. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Moreover 3. A. boring B. dangerous C. important D. expensive 4. A. celebrate B. prevent C. avoid D. regret 5. A. improved B. disappeared C. remained D. changed 6. A. kept B. broken C. lost D. given 7. A. break B. follow C. refuse D. forget 8. A. leaves B. finds C. puts D. brings 9. A. modern B. ancient C. useless D. cheap 10. A. reflect B. challenge C. change D. improve 11. A. steps B. photos C. notes D. risks 12. A. creates B. includes C. removes D. ignores 13. A. destroyed B. forgotten C. protected D. sold 14. A. responsibility B. advantage C. opportunity D. difficulty 15. A. up B. down C. in D. out 七、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The British Isles are a group of islands 1.______ (lie) off the northwest coast of Europe. The United Kingdom, 2.______ consists of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, is one of the countries located on these islands. The history of the UK is long and complex, 3.______ (full) of fascinating stories and traditions. The Romans were the first group of people 4.______ (conquer) Britain, and they built roads and cities across the country. After the Romans left, the Anglo-Saxons came and established their own kingdoms. Then, in 1066, the Normans, led by William the Conqueror, took 5.______ (control) of England. They had castles 6.______ (build) all around the country and made changes to the legal system. Today, visitors to the UK can see evidence of all these different groups. 7.______ (surround) by historic buildings and ancient monuments, you can feel the weight of history everywhere. The country's rich cultural heritage is reflected in its customs, languages, 8.______ architecture. One of the best ways 9.______ (experience) British culture is to visit the local pubs and 10.______ (taste) traditional food like fish and chips. The British are proud of their traditions and work hard 11.______ (preserve) them for future generations. It is not surprising 12.______ the UK attracts millions of tourists every year. Whether you are interested in history, art, 13.______ nature, there is something for everyone. As you explore this fascinating country, remember 14.______ (keep) your eyes open for the little details that make British culture so unique. After all, it is these details that bring history 15.______ life. 八、阅读理解（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 [2024 新高考Ⅱ卷 · 改编] In the heart of England lies the historic county of Cornwall, a land steeped in legend and tradition. For centuries, Cornwall has maintained its unique cultural identity, separate from the rest of England, with its own language, customs, and folklore. One of the most fascinating traditions still practiced in Cornwall today is the "Obby Oss" festival, which takes place every May Day in the town of Padstow. The festival begins at midnight, when locals gather around the maypole, singing traditional songs. The highlight of the celebration is the appearance of the "Obby Oss"---a man wearing a black mask and a large circular frame decorated with flowers and ribbons. The Oss dances through the streets, followed by a crowd of people singing and cheering. The origins of the Obby Oss festival are ancient and mysterious. Some historians believe it dates back to pre-Christian times, when people performed rituals to ensure a good harvest. Others suggest it may have been a pagan fertility ceremony. Whatever its origins, the festival has survived for centuries, passed down from generation to generation. Today, the festival attracts thousands of visitors from around the world. However, what makes it truly special is that it is still organized by the local community. The songs are sung in the Cornish dialect, and the traditions are carefully preserved by people who have grown up with them. For the locals, the festival is not just a tourist attraction---it is a vital part of their identity and heritage. In recent years, efforts have been made to document and preserve Cornish culture. The Cornish language, which was once in danger of extinction, is now being taught in schools, and there is a growing interest in traditional Cornish music and dance. These efforts have helped to ensure that the rich traditions of Cornwall will continue to thrive for future generations. 1. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe the scenery of Cornwall. B. To introduce a traditional festival in Cornwall and its significance. C. To compare Cornwall with other parts of England. D. To explain the origin of the Cornish language. 2. What does the "Obby Oss" refer to in the festival? A. A traditional song. B. A person wearing a black mask and a decorated frame. C. A type of local food. D. A historical building in Padstow. 3. According to the passage, what is the origin of the Obby Oss festival? A. It is well-documented in historical records. B. It was invented by a local artist in the 20th century. C. It is ancient and uncertain, possibly dating back to pre-Christian times. D. It was introduced by the Romans. 4. The underlined word "vital" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to: A. essential B. simple C. temporary D. ordinary 5. What can be inferred about the Cornish language from the last paragraph? A. It is no longer spoken by anyone. B. It has experienced a revival in recent years. C. It has always been taught in schools. D. It is only used in the Obby Oss festival. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit4 History and Traditions 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 根据首字母或中文提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. The Great Wall is one of the most famous historical s________ in China. 【答案】sites 【解析】句意：长城是中国最著名的历史遗址之一。根据"historical"可知，此处指"遗址"，用名词sites。故填sites。 2. It is a traditional c________ in China to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival. 【答案】custom 【解析】句意：在春节吃饺子是中国的传统习俗。根据"traditional"可知，此处指"习俗"，用名词custom。故填custom。 3. The old temple d________ back to the Tang Dynasty has been well preserved. 【答案】dating 【解析】句意：那座追溯到唐朝的古庙被保存得很好。date back to为固定搭配，意为"追溯到"，用现在分词dating作后置定语。故填dating。 4. People usually g________ each other with a handshake when they meet for the first time. 【答案】greet 【解析】句意：人们初次见面时通常以握手问候。根据"with a handshake"可知，此处表示"问候"，用动词greet。故填greet。 5. The museum is l________ in the center of the city, so it is easy to find. 【答案】located 【解析】句意：博物馆位于市中心，所以很容易找到。be located in为固定搭配，意为"位于"。故填located。 6. The a________ of winter brings cold weather and shorter days. 【答案】approach 【解析】句意：冬天的到来带来了寒冷的天气和更短的白天。根据"of winter"可知，此处表示"接近、到来"，用名词approach。故填approach。 7. This ancient painting b________ to a famous collector in the 18th century. 【答案】belongs 【解析】句意：这幅古画属于18世纪的一位著名收藏家。belong to为固定搭配，意为"属于"，主语为单数，用belongs。故填belongs。 8. The c________ of the castle was very strong and protected the people inside. 【答案】defence/defense 【解析】句意：城堡的防御工事非常坚固，保护了里面的人们。根据"protected the people inside"可知，此处指"防御"，用名词defence/defense。故填defence/defense。 9. The new policy will have a great i________ on the development of local tourism. 【答案】influence 【解析】句意：新政策将对当地旅游业的发展产生重大影响。have a great influence on为固定搭配，意为"对……有重大影响"。故填influence。 10. The young man was c________ with stealing the valuable painting from the museum. 【答案】charged 【解析】句意：那个年轻人被指控从博物馆偷走了那幅珍贵的画。be charged with为固定搭配，意为"被指控犯有……罪"。故填charged。 二、词形转换（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. (puzzle) This math problem ________ me. The ________ clues made the game interesting, and we were all ________ by the result. 【答案】puzzled; puzzling; puzzled 【解析】第一空作谓语，表示"使困惑"，主语为单数，用过去式puzzled；第二空修饰clues，表示"令人困惑的"，用puzzling；第三空修饰人，表示"感到困惑的"，用puzzled。故填puzzled; puzzling; puzzled。 2. (belong) This book ________ to me. She felt a sense of ________ in the new class, and her ________ were packed in boxes. 【答案】belongs; belonging; belongings 【解析】第一空作谓语，belong to无被动无进行，主语为单数，用belongs；第二空表示"归属感"，用belonging；第三空表示"财物"，用复数belongings。故填belongs; belonging; belongings。 3. (defend) Soldiers ________ their country bravely. The castle's ________ system was strong, and they took a ________ position in the debate. 【答案】defended; defence/defense; defensive 【解析】第一空作谓语，描述过去动作，用过去式defended；第二空表示"防御"，用名词defence/defense；第三空修饰position，表示"防御性的"，用defensive。故填defended; defence/defense; defensive。 4. (legal) Driving without a license is ________. ________, you must be 18 to vote, and ________ activities will be punished. 【答案】illegal; Legally; illegal 【解析】第一空作表语，表示"非法的"，用illegal；第二空修饰整个句子，表示"法律上"，用副词Legally；第三空修饰activities，表示"非法的"，用illegal。故填illegal; Legally; illegal。 5. (surround) Tall trees ________ the house. The ________ area is beautiful, and we love the peaceful ________. 【答案】surround; surrounding; surroundings 【解析】第一空作谓语，描述客观事实，用surround；第二空修饰area，表示"周围的"，用surrounding；第三空表示"环境"，常用复数surroundings。故填surround; surrounding; surroundings。 6. (locate) The hotel is ________ in the city center. Can you ________ the nearest hospital? The ________ of the accident is unknown. 【答案】located; locate; location 【解析】第一空be located in为固定搭配，表示"位于"；第二空作谓语，表示"找出……的位置"，用locate；第三空表示"位置"，用location。故填located; locate; location。 7. (fascinate) The ________ story kept us reading all night. We were ________ by the magic show, and the ________ performance left us speechless. 【答案】fascinating; fascinated; fascinating 【解析】第一空修饰story，表示"令人着迷的"，用fascinating；第二空修饰人，表示"感到着迷的"，用fascinated；第三空修饰performance，表示"令人着迷的"，用fascinating。故填fascinating; fascinated; fascinating。 8. (announce) The president will ________ a new policy tomorrow. The ________ was broadcast on TV, and the ________ explained the details clearly. 【答案】announce; announcement; announcer 【解析】第一空作谓语，表示"宣布"，will后接动词原形announce；第二空作主语，表示"通告"，用announcement；第三空作主语，表示"播音员"，用announcer。故填announce; announcement; announcer。 9. (eager) They are ________ to start the journey. She waited ________ for the news, and her ________ was obvious. 【答案】eager; eagerly; eagerness 【解析】第一空作表语，表示"渴望的"，用eager；第二空修饰waited，用副词eagerly；第三空作主语，表示"渴望"，用名词eagerness。故填eager; eagerly; eagerness。 10. (greet) He went to the door to ________ the guests. We exchanged ________ when we met in the street. 【答案】greet; greetings 【解析】第一空作谓语，表示"迎接"，to后接动词原形greet；第二空表示"问候"，常用复数greetings。故填greet; greetings。 三、短语填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 选用方框内的短语填空，注意形式变化。 join ...to ... , break away (from sb/sth) , belong to , as well as , keep your eyes open (for) , in charge , take over , leave behind , have a great influence on 1. The new bridge will ________ the two islands, making transportation much more convenient. 【答案】join 【解析】句意：新桥将把这两座岛连接起来，使交通更加便利。join...to...为固定搭配，意为"把……和……连接起来"。故填join。 2. Some parts of the country tried to ________ the central government in the past, but they failed. 【答案】break away from 【解析】句意：过去这个国家的一些地区试图脱离中央政府，但失败了。break away from意为"脱离、摆脱"。故填break away from。 3. This ancient vase ________ a famous collector and is worth a large amount of money. 【答案】belongs to 【解析】句意：这个古老的花瓶属于一位著名收藏家，价值不菲。belong to意为"属于"。故填belongs to。 4. Our English teacher is kind ________ strict, which makes her very popular among students. 【答案】as well as 【解析】句意：我们的英语老师和蔼而且严格，这使她在学生中很受欢迎。as well as意为"不但……而且……、和"。故填as well as。 5. The teacher asked us to ________ any unusual behavior during the experiment. 【答案】keep our eyes open for 【解析】句意：老师要求我们在实验过程中留意任何不寻常的行为。keep one's eyes open for意为"留心、留意"。故填keep our eyes open for。 6. Mr. Smith will be ________ of the project while the manager is away on business. 【答案】in charge 【解析】句意：经理出差期间，史密斯先生将负责这个项目。in charge of为固定搭配，意为"负责"。故填in charge。 7. After the founder retired, his son ________ the family business and continued to expand it. 【答案】took over 【解析】句意：创始人退休后，他的儿子接管了家族企业并继续扩大规模。take over意为"接管、接收"，根据retired用过去式took over。故填took over。 8. In the rush to catch the train, she ________ her keys in the hotel room. 【答案】left behind 【解析】句意：在匆忙赶火车时，她把钥匙落在了酒店房间里。leave behind意为"留下、遗留"，用过去式left behind。故填left behind。 9. The scientist's research findings ________ the development of modern medicine. 【答案】have a great influence on 【解析】句意：这位科学家的研究发现对现代医学的发展产生了巨大影响。have a great influence on为固定搭配，意为"对……有巨大影响"。故填have a great influence on。 四、完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据所给句式和中文提示完成句子。 1. 句式：if条件状语从句的省略形式 So what is the difference between them, ________（如果有什么区别的话）? 【答案】if any 【解析】考查"if any"为if there is any的省略形式，意为"如果有的话"。故填if any。 2. 句式：with复合结构 The peaceful landscape is a true feast for the eyes, ________（起伏的绿色山丘上点缀着成群的牛羊）. 【答案】with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle 【解析】考查with复合结构，dotted为过去分词作宾补，表示"被点缀着"。故填with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle。 3. 句式：it is + adj. + that... ________（一点也不令人惊讶）that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining. 【答案】It is not surprising 【解析】考查"It is + adj. + that"结构，it作形式主语。故填It is not surprising。 4. 句式：过去分词作宾语补足语 When you answer the question in class, you have to ________（使自己被听到）by the other students. 【答案】make yourself heard 【解析】考查make oneself done结构，过去分词heard作宾语补足语，表示"使自己被听到"。故填make yourself heard。 5. 句式：now that引导原因状语从句 ________（既然你已经完成了作业）, you can go out and play with your friends. 【答案】Now that you have finished your homework 【解析】考查now that引导原因状语从句，意为"既然"。故填Now that you have finished your homework。 五、单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The castle, ________ (build) in the 12th century, is now open to the public. 【答案】built 【解析】句意：这座建于12世纪的城堡现在向公众开放。castle与build为被动关系，用过去分词built作后置定语。故填built。 2. The teacher asked us to keep our eyes ________ (open) for any mistakes in the report. 【答案】open 【解析】句意：老师让我们留意报告中的任何错误。keep one's eyes open for为固定搭配，意为"留意"。故填open。 3. The old town, which ________ (surround) by mountains, attracts many tourists every year. 【答案】is surrounded 【解析】句意：这座被群山环绕的古镇每年吸引许多游客。surround与town为被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时被动语态is surrounded。故填is surrounded。 4. It is important for us ________ (learn) about the history and traditions of our country. 【答案】to learn 【解析】句意：了解我们国家的历史和传统对我们来说很重要。It is + adj. + for sb + to do为固定结构，不定式作真正主语。故填to learn。 5. The painting ________ (belong) to my grandmother has been kept in the family for over 100 years. 【答案】belonging 【解析】句意：属于我祖母的那幅画已经被家族保存了100多年。句中已有谓语has been kept，需用非谓语形式；belong to无被动，用现在分词belonging作后置定语。故填belonging。 6. Please keep me ________ (inform) of the latest news about the project. 【答案】informed 【解析】句意：请随时告知我项目的最新消息。keep sb informed为固定搭配，意为"使某人随时了解"，过去分词作宾补。故填informed。 7. The new law has been passed ________ (protect) the rights of workers. 【答案】to protect 【解析】句意：新法律已经通过以保护工人的权利。不定式作目的状语，表示"为了"。故填to protect。 8. The old temple ________ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty is in need of repair. 【答案】dating 【解析】句意：那座追溯到唐朝的古庙需要修缮。date back to为不及物动词短语，无被动，用现在分词dating作后置定语。故填dating。 9. He had his car ________ (repair) after it broke down on the highway. 【答案】repaired 【解析】句意：他的车在高速公路上出故障后，他让人修了。have sth done结构，过去分词作宾补。故填repaired。 10. ________ (influence) by his teacher, he developed a great interest in history. 【答案】Influenced 【解析】句意：受到老师的影响，他对历史产生了浓厚的兴趣。he与influence为被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填Influenced。 综合攻坚·知能拔高 六、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Every country has its own history and traditions, which are passed down from generation to generation. These traditions help to 1.______ a nation's identity and give people a sense of belonging. 2.______, in today's fast-paced world, many traditions are at risk of being forgotten. One of the most 3.______ traditions in China is the Spring Festival, which has a history of over 4,000 years. Families get together, enjoy delicious food, and 4.______ the coming of the new year. However, with more people moving to cities for work, the way people celebrate the festival has 5.______ over time. In some rural areas, traditional customs are still 6.______ alive. For example, in many villages, people still 7.______ the custom of making dumplings together on New Year's Eve. This activity not only 8.______ family members together but also passes on the skills and stories from one generation to the next. Cultural heritage is not just about old buildings and 9.______ relics. It also includes traditions, languages, and customs that 10.______ a community's way of life. Protecting cultural heritage is important because it helps us understand who we are and where we come from. Governments and organizations around the world have taken 11.______ to protect cultural heritage. UNESCO's World Heritage List 12.______ over 1,000 sites that are considered to have outstanding value to humanity. These sites are 13.______ for future generations to appreciate and learn from. However, protection is not just the 14.______ of governments and organizations. Every individual can play a part in preserving cultural heritage by learning about it and passing it 15.______ to others. 1. A. shape B. destroy C. ignore D. copy 2. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Moreover 3. A. boring B. dangerous C. important D. expensive 4. A. celebrate B. prevent C. avoid D. regret 5. A. improved B. disappeared C. remained D. changed 6. A. kept B. broken C. lost D. given 7. A. break B. follow C. refuse D. forget 8. A. leaves B. finds C. puts D. brings 9. A. modern B. ancient C. useless D. cheap 10. A. reflect B. challenge C. change D. improve 11. A. steps B. photos C. notes D. risks 12. A. creates B. includes C. removes D. ignores 13. A. destroyed B. forgotten C. protected D. sold 14. A. responsibility B. advantage C. opportunity D. difficulty 15. A. up B. down C. in D. out 【答案与解析】 【试题剖析】 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，本文主要阐述了传统在塑造国家认同中的重要作用，以中国春节为例说明传统习俗在现代社会中的变化与延续，强调文化遗产包括物质和非物质层面，并呼吁政府、组织和个人共同承担保护责任。 【答案解析】 1. 句意：这些传统有助于塑造一个国家的身份，并给人们一种归属感。A. shape 塑造；B. destroy 摧毁；C. ignore 忽视；D. copy 复制。根据“give people a sense of belonging”（给人们一种归属感）以及传统对文化认同的作用可知，传统帮助“塑造”国家身份。线索句翻译：给人们一种归属感。 2. 句意：然而，在当今快节奏的世界中，许多传统正面临被遗忘的风险。A. Therefore 因此；B. However 然而；C. Besides 此外；D. Moreover 而且。根据上文讲述传统的重要性，本句讲述传统面临被遗忘的风险，前后为转折关系，用However。线索句翻译：许多传统正面临被遗忘的风险。 3. 句意：中国最重要的传统之一是春节，它有超过4000年的历史。A. boring 无聊的；B. dangerous 危险的；C. important 重要的；D. expensive 昂贵的。根据“which has a history of over 4,000 years”（有超过4000年的历史）以及后文描述家庭团聚庆祝的场景可知，春节是“重要的”传统。线索句翻译：有超过4000年的历史。 4. 句意：家人聚在一起，享用美食，庆祝新年的到来。A. celebrate 庆祝；B. prevent 阻止；C. avoid 避免；D. regret 遗憾。根据“the coming of the new year”（新年的到来）以及春节的庆祝性质可知，人们“庆祝”新年的到来。线索句翻译：新年的到来。 5. 句意：然而，随着越来越多的人移居城市工作，人们庆祝节日的方式随着时间的推移已经改变了。A. improved 改善；B. disappeared 消失；C. remained 保持；D. changed 改变。根据上文“with more people moving to cities for work”（随着越来越多的人移居城市工作）以及下文对传统习俗仍然存在的对比可知，庆祝方式“改变了”。线索句翻译：随着越来越多的人移居城市工作。 6. 句意：在一些农村地区，传统习俗仍然被保存得很好。A. kept 保持、保存；B. broken 打破；C. lost 丢失；D. given 给予。根据下文“in many villages, people still follow the custom”（在许多村庄，人们仍然遵循这一习俗）可知，传统习俗仍然被“保存”得很好。线索句翻译：在许多村庄，人们仍然遵循这一习俗。 7. 句意：例如，在许多村庄，人们仍然遵循除夕夜一起包饺子的习俗。A. break 打破；B. follow 遵循；C. refuse 拒绝；D. forget 忘记。根据“the custom”（习俗）以及上文提到传统习俗仍被保存可知，人们仍然“遵循”这一习俗。线索句翻译：除夕夜一起包饺子的习俗。 8. 句意：这项活动不仅将家庭成员聚集在一起，还将技能和故事代代相传。A. leaves 离开；B. finds 发现；C. puts 放置；D. brings 带来。根据“family members together”（家庭成员聚在一起）以及固定搭配“brings together”意为“聚集”可知，这项活动“聚集”了家庭成员。线索句翻译：家庭成员聚在一起。 9. 句意：文化遗产不仅仅是关于古建筑和古代文物。A. modern 现代的；B. ancient 古代的；C. useless 无用的；D. cheap 便宜的。根据“old buildings”（古建筑）以及文化遗产涵盖的内容可知，还包括“古代的”文物。线索句翻译：古建筑。 10. 句意：它还包括反映一个社区生活方式的传统、语言和习俗。A. reflect 反映；B. challenge 挑战；C. change 改变；D. improve 改善。根据“a community's way of life”（一个社区的生活方式）以及传统与生活方式的联系可知，传统“反映”生活方式。线索句翻译：一个社区的生活方式。 11. 句意：世界各地的政府和组织已经采取措施保护文化遗产。A. steps 措施、步骤；B. photos 照片；C. notes 笔记；D. risks 风险。根据固定搭配“take steps”意为“采取措施”，且后文提到联合国教科文组织列出世界遗产名录等具体行动可知，政府和组织“采取了措施”。线索句翻译：联合国教科文组织列出世界遗产名录。 12. 句意：联合国教科文组织的世界遗产名录包括1000多处被认为对人类具有突出价值的遗址。A. creates 创建；B. includes 包括；C. removes 移除；D. ignores 忽视。根据“over 1,000 sites”（1000多处遗址）以及“World Heritage List”（世界遗产名录）的功能可知，名录“包括”这些遗址。线索句翻译：1000多处被认为对人类具有突出价值的遗址。 13. 句意：这些遗址被保护起来，供后代欣赏和学习。A. destroyed 破坏；B. forgotten 遗忘；C. protected 保护；D. sold 出售。根据上文“Protecting cultural heritage is important”（保护文化遗产很重要）以及“for future generations to appreciate”（供后代欣赏）可知，这些遗址被“保护”起来。线索句翻译：供后代欣赏和学习。 14. 句意：然而，保护不仅仅是政府和组织的责任。A. responsibility 责任；B. advantage 优势；C. opportunity 机会；D. difficulty 困难。根据下文“Every individual can play a part”（每个人都可以发挥作用）可知，保护不仅仅是政府和组织的“责任”。线索句翻译：每个人都可以发挥作用。 15. 句意：每个人都可以通过了解文化遗产并将其传递给他人来为保护文化遗产发挥作用。A. up 向上；B. down 向下；C. in 进入；D. out 出去。根据固定搭配“pass down”意为“传递、传承”，且前文提到“passed down from generation to generation”（代代相传）可知，此处指“传递”给他人。线索句翻译：代代相传。 【主题语境分析】本篇文章属于《普通高中英语课程标准》主题语境中的 “人与社会” 范畴，具体涉及 “历史、社会与文化”（文化传统与文化遗产保护）子主题；同时，也涉及 “人与自我” 中的 “做人与做事”（文化认同与个人责任）。 七、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The British Isles are a group of islands 1.______ (lie) off the northwest coast of Europe. The United Kingdom, 2.______ consists of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, is one of the countries located on these islands. The history of the UK is long and complex, 3.______ (full) of fascinating stories and traditions. The Romans were the first group of people 4.______ (conquer) Britain, and they built roads and cities across the country. After the Romans left, the Anglo-Saxons came and established their own kingdoms. Then, in 1066, the Normans, led by William the Conqueror, took 5.______ (control) of England. They had castles 6.______ (build) all around the country and made changes to the legal system. Today, visitors to the UK can see evidence of all these different groups. 7.______ (surround) by historic buildings and ancient monuments, you can feel the weight of history everywhere. The country's rich cultural heritage is reflected in its customs, languages, 8.______ architecture. One of the best ways 9.______ (experience) British culture is to visit the local pubs and 10.______ (taste) traditional food like fish and chips. The British are proud of their traditions and work hard 11.______ (preserve) them for future generations. It is not surprising 12.______ the UK attracts millions of tourists every year. Whether you are interested in history, art, 13.______ nature, there is something for everyone. As you explore this fascinating country, remember 14.______ (keep) your eyes open for the little details that make British culture so unique. After all, it is these details that bring history 15.______ life. 【答案与深度解析】 题号 答案 考点 难度 深度解析 1 lying 非谓语动词（现在分词作定语） ★★★ 句意：不列颠群岛是位于欧洲西北海岸外的一组岛屿。lie与islands为主动关系（岛屿"位于"某处），用现在分词lying作后置定语，相当于which lie。易错点：学生可能误填lain（过去分词，但lie作"位于"讲时为不及物动词，无被动）或lying（注意lie的现在分词为lying，不要与lay混淆）。故填lying。 2 which 定语从句（非限制性定语从句关系代词） ★★★★ 句意：英国由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成，是位于这些岛屿上的国家之一。先行词为The United Kingdom，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，指物，用which引导。易错点：学生可能误填that（非限制性定语从句不能用that）或who（指人）。故填which。 3 full 形容词作状语 ★★★ 句意：英国的历史悠久而复杂，充满了迷人的故事和传统。be full of为固定搭配，此处用形容词full作状语，表示补充说明，相当于and is full of。易错点：学生可能误填fully（副词，但此处需要形容词作状语表示状态）。故填full。 4 to conquer 非谓语动词（不定式作定语） ★★★★ 句意：罗马人是第一批征服不列颠的人。the first to do为固定结构，不定式作定语修饰the first group of people。易错点：学生可能误填conquering（现在分词，但序数词后常用不定式作定语）或conquered（过去分词表被动，与主动含义不符）。故填to conquer。 5 control 固定搭配（动词→名词） ★★★ 句意：后来，在1066年，诺曼人在征服者威廉的率领下控制了英格兰。take control of为固定搭配，意为"控制"。易错点：学生可能误填controlling（动名词，但take后接名词control构成固定短语）。故填control。 6 built 非谓语动词（过去分词作宾语补足语） ★★★★★ 句意：他们在全国各地建造了城堡，并对法律体系进行了修改。had + 宾语 + 过去分词，表示"让别人做某事"或"使某事被做"，castles与build为被动关系，用built作宾补。易错点：①语态错误——误用building（主动进行，与被动不符）；②时态误解——此处不表示"正在建造"而表示"被建造完成"的状态。故填built。 7 Surrounded 非谓语动词（过去分词作状语） ★★★★ 句意：被历史建筑和古迹环绕，你在任何地方都能感受到历史的厚重。you与surround为被动关系（人被建筑环绕），用过去分词作状语，表示原因或条件。句首首字母大写。易错点：学生可能误填Surrounding（现在分词表主动，与逻辑主语构成被动矛盾）。故填Surrounded。 8 and 连词（并列结构） ★★★ 句意：该国丰富的文化遗产体现在其习俗、语言和建筑中。customs、languages与architecture为并列关系，三者并列时用and连接最后一项。易错点：学生可能误填or（选择关系，不符合并列陈述语境）。故填and。 9 to experience 非谓语动词（不定式作定语） ★★★★ 句意：体验英国文化的最佳方式之一是参观当地的酒吧。the best way to do为固定结构，不定式作定语修饰way。易错点：学生可能误填experiencing（动名词，但way后常用不定式作定语）。故填to experience。 10 taste 非谓语动词（不定式作并列成分） ★★★★ 句意：品尝炸鱼薯条等传统食物。to visit与to taste并列作the best way to do的不定式成分，taste用原形（省略to的不定式）。易错点：学生可能误填tasting（动名词，但此处应与to visit并列）。故填taste。 11 to preserve 非谓语动词（不定式作目的状语） ★★★ 句意：英国人为自己的传统感到自豪，并努力保护它们，将其传给后代。work hard to do为固定搭配，不定式作目的状语，表示"努力做某事是为了……"。易错点：学生可能误填preserving（动名词，但work hard后接不定式表目的）。故填to preserve。 12 that 主语从句（形式主语结构） ★★★★ 句意：英国每年吸引数百万游客并不令人惊讶。It is not surprising that...为固定句型，it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。易错点：学生可能误填why（引导原因状语从句，但此处为主语从句）或whether（表示"是否"，不符合肯定陈述语境）。故填that。 13 or 连词（固定搭配） ★★★ 句意：无论你对历史、艺术还是自然感兴趣，这里都有适合每个人的东西。whether...or...为固定搭配，意为"无论……还是……"，列举三种选择。易错点：学生可能误填and（表示"和"，与whether不搭配）或but（表转折）。故填or。 14 to keep 非谓语动词（不定式作宾语） ★★★★ 句意：当你探索这个迷人的国家时，记得留意那些让英国文化如此独特的细节。remember to do意为"记得要做某事"，不定式作宾语，表示动作尚未发生。易错点：学生可能误填keeping（remember doing表示"记得做过某事"，与语境"将要探索"不符）。故填to keep。 15 to 介词（固定搭配） ★★★ 句意：毕竟，正是这些细节让历史活了起来。bring...to life为固定搭配，意为"使……生动起来、使……活起来"。易错点：学生可能误填into（与life搭配常用bring into life，但此处bring to life为更常见固定搭配）。故填to。 难度分析与命题思路 维度 分析 语篇主题 英国历史与传统——紧扣单元话题"History and Traditions"，涵盖不列颠群岛地理、英国构成、罗马征服、盎格鲁-撒克逊时期、诺曼征服、文化遗产保护等内容，体现"人与社会"主题语境中的历史与文化传承。 语篇难度 句式多样，包含非限制性定语从句（which consists of）、非谓语动词作定语（lying, to conquer, to experience）、非谓语动词作状语（Surrounded）、非谓语动词作宾补（built）、形式主语结构（It is not surprising that...）、固定搭配（take control of, work hard to do, bring...to life）。词汇和语法复杂度符合高考要求。 设空特点 15个空格覆盖语法填空六大核心考点：非谓语动词（1/4/6/7/9/10/11/14）、定语从句（2）、形容词作状语（3）、连词（8/13）、固定搭配（5/12/15）。考点分布均匀，非谓语动词占比最高，符合高考命题趋势。 区分度设计 ★★★基础题（3/5/8/13/15）——考查形容词、名词、连词、介词固定搭配；★★★★中档题（1/2/4/7/9/10/12/14）——考查非谓语动词、定语从句、形式主语；★★★★★压轴题（6）——考查过去分词作宾语补足语，需综合判断主被动关系和"have sth done"结构。梯度合理，区分度高。 核心素养 考查语言能力（语法知识在语境中的综合运用）、文化意识（英国历史与传统文化的认知）、思维品质（通过上下文推断词形变化和语法结构）、学习能力（在语篇中灵活运用语法知识）。 备考启示 1. 非谓语动词：本单元核心语法为过去分词作定语和宾语补足语。注意区分： - 作定语：过去分词表被动/完成（built, surrounded）；现在分词表主动/进行（lying, fascinating） - 作宾补：have sth done（让别人做某事）；find sth done（发现某事被做） - 作状语：过去分词表被动（Surrounded by...）；现在分词表主动 2. 定语从句：非限制性定语从句不能用that；先行词指物作主语用which，指人作主语用who。 3. 固定搭配：牢记take control of, work hard to do, bring...to life, the best way to do, remember to do等高频搭配。 4. 形式主语：It is + adj. + that...结构中，that引导主语从句，it作形式主语。 序数词+不定式：the first/second/... + to do为固定结构，表示"第几个做某事的人/物"。 八、阅读理解（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 [2024 新高考Ⅱ卷 · 改编] In the heart of England lies the historic county of Cornwall, a land steeped in legend and tradition. For centuries, Cornwall has maintained its unique cultural identity, separate from the rest of England, with its own language, customs, and folklore. One of the most fascinating traditions still practiced in Cornwall today is the "Obby Oss" festival, which takes place every May Day in the town of Padstow. The festival begins at midnight, when locals gather around the maypole, singing traditional songs. The highlight of the celebration is the appearance of the "Obby Oss"---a man wearing a black mask and a large circular frame decorated with flowers and ribbons. The Oss dances through the streets, followed by a crowd of people singing and cheering. The origins of the Obby Oss festival are ancient and mysterious. Some historians believe it dates back to pre-Christian times, when people performed rituals to ensure a good harvest. Others suggest it may have been a pagan fertility ceremony. Whatever its origins, the festival has survived for centuries, passed down from generation to generation. Today, the festival attracts thousands of visitors from around the world. However, what makes it truly special is that it is still organized by the local community. The songs are sung in the Cornish dialect, and the traditions are carefully preserved by people who have grown up with them. For the locals, the festival is not just a tourist attraction---it is a vital part of their identity and heritage. In recent years, efforts have been made to document and preserve Cornish culture. The Cornish language, which was once in danger of extinction, is now being taught in schools, and there is a growing interest in traditional Cornish music and dance. These efforts have helped to ensure that the rich traditions of Cornwall will continue to thrive for future generations. 1. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe the scenery of Cornwall. B. To introduce a traditional festival in Cornwall and its significance. C. To compare Cornwall with other parts of England. D. To explain the origin of the Cornish language. 【答案】B 【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了康沃尔郡的"Obby Oss"传统节日及其文化意义。A项"描述风景"不准确；C项"比较"未体现；D项"语言起源"只是文中部分内容。故答案为B。 2. What does the "Obby Oss" refer to in the festival? A. A traditional song. B. A person wearing a black mask and a decorated frame. C. A type of local food. D. A historical building in Padstow. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段"the appearance of the 'Obby Oss'---a man wearing a black mask and a large circular frame"可知，Obby Oss指一个戴着黑色面具和装饰框架的人。故答案为B。 3. According to the passage, what is the origin of the Obby Oss festival? A. It is well-documented in historical records. B. It was invented by a local artist in the 20th century. C. It is ancient and uncertain, possibly dating back to pre-Christian times. D. It was introduced by the Romans. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段"The origins of the Obby Oss festival are ancient and mysterious"及"Some historians believe it dates back to pre-Christian times"可知，起源古老且不确定。故答案为C。 4. The underlined word "vital" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to: A. essential B. simple C. temporary D. ordinary 【答案】A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据"it is not just a tourist attraction---it is a vital part of their identity"可知，vital意为"至关重要的"，与essential同义。simple"简单的"；temporary"暂时的"；ordinary"普通的"。故答案为A。 5. What can be inferred about the Cornish language from the last paragraph? A. It is no longer spoken by anyone. B. It has experienced a revival in recent years. C. It has always been taught in schools. D. It is only used in the Obby Oss festival. 【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段"The Cornish language, which was once in danger of extinction, is now being taught in schools"可知，康沃尔语近年来得到了复兴。A项"无人使用"错误；C项"一直教授"错误；D项"仅用于节日"错误。故答案为B。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit4 History and Traditions 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 参考答案 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 1. sites 2. custom 3. dating 4. greet 5. located 6. approach 7. belongs 8. defence/defense 9. influence 10. charged 二、词形转换（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 1. puzzled; puzzling; puzzled 2. belongs; belonging; belongings 3. defended; defence/defense; defensive 4. illegal; Legally; illegal 5. surround; surrounding; surroundings 6. located; locate; location 7. fascinating; fascinated; fascinating 8. announce; announcement; announcer 9. eager; eagerly; eagerness 10. greet; greetings 三、短语填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 1. join 2. break away from 3. belongs to 4. as well as 5. keep your eyes open for 6. in charge 7. took over 8. left behind 9. have a great influence on 四、完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 1. if any 2. with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle 3. It is not surprising 4. make yourself heard 5. Now that you have finished your homework 五、单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 1. built 2. open 3. is surrounded 4. to learn 5. belonging 6. informed 7. to protect 8. dating 9. repaired 10. Influenced 综合攻坚·知能拔高 六、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 1-5 A B C A D 6-10 A B D B A 11-15 A B C A B 七、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 1. lying 2. which 3. full 4. to conquer 5. control 6. built 7. Surrounded 8. and 9. to experience 10. taste 11. to preserve 12. that 13. or 14. to keep 15. to 八、阅读理解（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $