Unit 4 Natural Disasters 素养能力检测-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 以灾害应对为核心主题，整合科技应用（如地震预警app）、个人逃生经历、全球极端天气数据等真实情境，通过阅读、语言运用及写作考查语言理解与表达能力，渗透安全意识与应急素养，体现语言能力与思维品质的融合。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读|20小题/50分|细节理解（如app功能）、词义猜测（如“erratic”）、推理判断（如作者意图）|采用2026年WMO报告等时代素材，设置“灾害公民”等跨学科话题，梯度覆盖基础到高阶思维| |语言运用|25小题/30分|词汇（如“evacuate”）、语法（时态/非谓语）、上下文衔接|完形填空以火灾逃生为情境，语法填空聚焦海啸预警系统，强化语用能力| |写作|2题/40分|邮件建议（灾害准备）、故事续写（台风经历）|结合真实需求（如给笔友提建议），续写题要求逻辑连贯，培养问题解决与叙事表达能力|

Unit 4 素养能力检测2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册 第一部分 听力（略） 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Stay Safe: Four Apps That Could Save Your Life When natural disasters strike, every second counts. Here are four mobile apps designed to help you prepare, respond, and recover. Quake Alert This free app uses data from seismic sensors to send early warnings before an earthquake hits. Users in California, Japan, and Chile receive a push notification up to 60 seconds before shaking begins — enough time to drop, cover, and hold on. The app also provides offline safety tips and a checklist for emergency kits. Available for both iOS and Android. Flood Watch Flood Watch tracks real-time river levels and rainfall data. If flooding is likely in your area, the app sends an alert and suggests the nearest high ground. It also allows users to report local flood conditions with photos, helping emergency services map affected areas. Free, with optional premium features. First Aid by Red Cross This app offers step-by-step instructions for treating common disaster injuries: bleeding, burns, broken bones, and heatstroke. All content can be accessed offline. Short video tutorials and interactive quizzes make it easy to learn life-saving skills. Available in English and Spanish. Free. Family Circle Family Circle lets you create a private group with up to 10 family members. During a disaster, the app shares everyone's real-time location on a single map. A panic button sends an instant SOS with your GPS coordinates to all group members. Free basic version; paid plans add 24/7 professional monitoring. 21. What is the main function of Quake Alert? A. It reports flood conditions with photos. B. It sends early earthquake warnings. C. It provides offline video games. D. It monitors family members' health. 22. Which app allows users to report local flood conditions? A. Quake Alert. B. Flood Watch. C. First Aid by Red Cross. D. Family Circle. 23. What do First Aid by Red Cross and Family Circle have in common? A. They both offer professional monitoring services. B. They both require an internet connection to work. C. They are both completely free. D. They can both function without mobile data. B The earthquake hit at 2:47 a.m. I was thrown out of bed as the room lurched like a boat in a storm. Books crashed from shelves; the wardrobe toppled onto my desk. Somewhere a window shattered. The air filled with dust. I was alone. My parents were on a night shift at the hospital, and my sister was at a sleepover. My phone had fallen under the bed, but I didn't need it — the shaking was still going on, a violent rolling that made crawling impossible. I pressed myself against the inner wall, knees to chest, hands over the back of my neck, exactly as the school drill had taught. When the shaking finally stopped after what felt like forever, I crawled through the darkness to find my phone. No signal. The apartment smelled of gas. I remembered the drill again: evacuate immediately. I grabbed a jacket, stuffed my feet into shoes without tying them, and felt my way to the door. The stairwell was pitch black. I could hear people shouting from other floors — a baby crying, a man coughing. Someone handed me a flashlight in the dark. On the street, neighbors huddled in blankets. Mrs. Chen from 4B was doing CPR on a man I didn't recognize. My hands wouldn't stop shaking. Three hours later, when my parents found me at the evacuation point, I couldn't speak. My mother held me so tightly I could barely breathe, and that was exactly what I needed. The apartment building was cracked but standing. We had lost things, but we had each other. Later, our school organized a disaster-response workshop. I signed up to be a volunteer trainer. I wanted every kid in my city to know what I knew: that the drill you think is stupid in PE class might be the only thing between you and the dark. 24. What was the author doing when the earthquake hit? A. Sleeping. B. Doing homework. C. Watching TV. D. Having dinner. 25. How did the author get out of the apartment? A. By taking the elevator. B. By waiting for rescue workers. C. By crawling and feeling the way in darkness. D. By calling the fire department. 26. What does the underlined phrase "pitch black" in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Very noisy. B. Completely dark. C. Extremely cold. D. Full of people. 27. What can we infer about the author from the last paragraph? A. He refused to talk about the earthquake. B. He decided to become a professional firefighter. C. He wanted to help others learn disaster preparedness. D. He moved to another city after the earthquake. C On July 24, 2026, a heat dome settled over southern Europe, pushing temperatures in Sicily to 48.8°C — a new continental record. Meanwhile, torrential rains in Zhengzhou broke a 1,000-year precipitation record in a single afternoon. These events are not isolated. According to the World Meteorological Organization's 2026 report, extreme weather disasters have increased by 83% globally since 2000, with economic losses exceeding $320 billion annually. Scientists point to a clear driver: a warming atmosphere holds more moisture and generates more energy. For every 1°C rise in global temperature, the air can hold about 7% more water vapor. This means heavier rainfall when storms occur — and more intense droughts in between. The report notes that the past five years have seen the highest concentrations of greenhouse gases in human history. The human cost is staggering. Heatwaves in 2026 alone caused an estimated 62,000 excess deaths across Europe. In South Asia, erratic monsoons left 400 million farmers facing crop failures. Small island nations in the Pacific reported saltwater intrusion into freshwater wells, forcing entire villages to relocate. Yet the report also highlights a shift in response. Early-warning systems, powered by AI and satellite data, now provide up to 72 hours' notice for cyclones — double the lead time of a decade ago. In Bangladesh, a mobile-phone alert system reduced cyclone fatalities by 90% between 2007 and 2026. "Technology doesn't stop the storm," said Dr. Elena Marchetti, lead author of the report, "but it can mean the difference between a near miss and a catastrophe." 28. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A. Europe is the hottest continent in the world. B. Extreme weather events are increasing globally. C. The WMO was founded in 2000. D. Economic losses from disasters are decreasing. 29. Why does a warming atmosphere lead to heavier rainfall? A. Because it produces more greenhouse gases. B. Because warmer air holds more water vapor. C. Because it causes more heatwaves in Europe. D. Because it reduces the number of storms. 30. What does the underlined word "erratic" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Regular and predictable. B. Unsteady and unpredictable. C. Gentle and harmless. D. Cold and freezing. 31. What is Dr. Marchetti's attitude toward early-warning technology? A. Skeptical. B. Negative. C. Positive. D. Unconcerned. D When Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans in 2005, the official response was slow and inadequate. But within hours, ordinary citizens were rescuing strangers in boats, sharing food, and setting up makeshift shelters. This pattern repeats in disaster after disaster: formal systems fail, and communities step in. Sociologists call this "disaster citizenship" — the spontaneous organization of mutual aid when institutions break down. After the 2011 earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand, neighbors formed street committees to check on the elderly, distribute water, and organize tool-sharing. In the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake, local volunteers dug through rubble with bare hands before professional teams arrived. Research shows that communities with strong pre-existing social ties suffer fewer casualties and recover faster. A 2025 study of 40 disaster zones found that neighborhoods with active community centers, regular block parties, or even active online groups had 35% lower mortality rates than isolated areas. The reason is simple: people who know each other's names are more likely to check on each other when the sirens sound. Critics argue that mutual aid is no substitute for government responsibility. They are right — but they miss the point. Disaster citizenship does not replace the state; it fills the gap until the state arrives. And in many cases, it builds the trust and coordination that make official relief more effective. The lesson for policymakers is clear: invest not just in infrastructure, but in social infrastructure. Fund community centers. Support local organizations. Train volunteers before the disaster, not after. Because when the ground shakes, it is your neighbor who will reach you first. 32. What does the author want to show by mentioning Hurricane Katrina? A. The government response was perfect. B. Ordinary people played a crucial role in rescue. C. Professional teams arrived immediately. D. Boats were the best rescue tool. 33. What does the 2025 study mentioned in Paragraph 3 suggest? A. Isolated neighborhoods recover faster. B. Strong social ties reduce disaster deaths. C. Community centers cause more casualties. D. Online groups are useless in disasters. 34. What does the underlined word "mortality" in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Death rate. B. Birth rate. C. Recovery speed. D. Injury number. 35. What is the author's main suggestion in the last paragraph? A. Governments should cancel all disaster relief. B. People should rely only on themselves. C. Policymakers should invest in social infrastructure. D. Community centers should be closed. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Prepare an Emergency Kit Disasters are unpredictable, but being prepared is not. One of the most important steps you can take is to assemble an emergency kit — a collection of basic items your household might need in a crisis. 36. ________ Start with water. 37. ________ This water is for drinking, cooking, and basic hygiene. Don't forget a manual can opener if your food supplies include canned goods. Next, think about light and communication. 38. ________ A battery-powered or hand-crank radio can keep you informed if mobile networks fail. Also include a whistle to signal for help if you are trapped. Don't overlook personal needs. Prescription medications, glasses, and hygiene items like soap and toilet paper are often forgotten but essential. 39. ________ Cash in small bills is also important — ATMs may not work. Finally, review and update your kit regularly. 40. ________ Check expiration dates on food and medicine every six months. Replace batteries and update documents as needed. A. A disaster kit should be kept in a cool, dry place. B. Here is a guide to building one that fits your family's needs. C. Experts recommend at least three liters of water per person per day. D. Include a flashlight with extra batteries for each family member. E. If you have infants, elderly, or pets, add their specific supplies. F. Store the kit in an easy-to-carry container such as a plastic bin or backpack. G. A well-prepared kit can make the difference between comfort and crisis. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The fire started in the kitchen, probably from a forgotten pan on the stove. I was in my room upstairs when I smelled smoke. At first I thought it was just the neighbors barbecuing. Then the smoke alarm screamed. I ran to the landing. Thick grey smoke was pouring up the stairs. The heat hit my face like a wall. I dropped to my stomach — the air was clearer near the floor — and crawled back to my room. I slammed the door shut and 41____ a towel under it to block the smoke. My heart was hammering so hard I thought it would 42____ through my ribs. I grabbed my phone and dialed 119. The operator told me to stay low, stay calm, and wait. "But the smoke is coming through the 43____," I said. My voice was shaking. She told me to wet a cloth and 44 ____my nose and mouth. I could hear sirens now — distant but getting 45____. I pressed the wet towel against my face and tried to breathe slowly. Every second felt like a minute. The smoke was making my eyes water and my throat 46____. Then I heard footsteps on the stairs. Heavy boots. A firefighter in full gear appeared at my door. "Don't 47____," he said. "I've got you." He lifted me onto his shoulder — I was 15 but felt like a child — and carried me down the stairs. Outside, the cool air hit my lungs like a 48____. My parents were already there, crying and hugging me. The house was badly damaged, but we were alive. That night, I couldn't sleep. Every time I closed my eyes, I saw the 49____. But I also kept hearing the firefighter's voice: "I've got you." Those three words became my 50____ that help always comes, even in the darkest moments. A week later, I 51____ a thank-you card to the fire station. The same firefighter wrote back: "You did the right things. Staying low, closing the door, calling for help — that's what 52 ____you." I framed that note. It hangs in my room now, next to a new smoke alarm my dad 53____. I learned that fire doesn't 54 ____— it takes what it takes and leaves what it leaves. But preparation turns fear into action. And action, I discovered, is the best 55____ against panic. 41. A. threw B. pushed C. washed D. found 42. A. beat B. jump C. break D. fall 43. A. window B. door C. ceiling D. floor 44. A. touch B. clean C. cover D. wash 45. A. louder B. quieter C. faster D. closer 46. A. dry B. burn C. itch D. close 47. A. move B. scream C. cry D. worry 48. A. knife B. gift C. shock D. dream 49. A. flame B. towel C. smoke D. stairs 50. A. warning B. reminder C. promise D. dream 51. A. sent B. wrote C. brought D. made 52. A. saved B. found C. taught D. changed 53. A. sold B. bought C. fixed D. installed 54. A. stop B. choose C. wait D. care 55. A. weapon B. answer C. excuse D. medicine 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System was established in 2005, following the devastating tsunami of 2004 that 56. ________ (kill) more than 230,000 people in 14 countries. The system uses a network of seismic sensors and sea-level gauges 57. ________ (detect) undersea earthquakes and monitor ocean waves. When an earthquake occurs, the system analyzes its magnitude, depth, and location within minutes. If the earthquake is strong enough 58. ________ (cause) a tsunami, warnings are sent to national disaster centers via satellite and internet. These centers then broadcast alerts through radio, TV, mobile phones, and 59. ________ (special) designed sirens in coastal areas. The system 60. ________ (save) thousands of lives since its launch. In 2012, when a powerful earthquake struck off the coast of Sumatra, the warning system gave people in nearby islands up to 45 minutes 61. ________ (evacuate) to higher ground. No lives 62. ________ (lose) in that event, compared to the thousands who died in 2004. 63. ________, the system is not perfect. Many remote fishing villages still lack reliable communication infrastructure. Scientists are working to improve coverage by 64. ________ (develop) low-cost alert devices that can run on solar power. They believe that every community, no matter how small, 65. ________ (deserve) the same level of protection. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack发来邮件，说他所在的地区经常发生洪水，他感到很害怕，不知道该如何准备。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 表达安慰； 2. 提供灾害准备建议（至少两条）； 3. 鼓励他保持冷静。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 （续写字数应为150个左右） The typhoon was supposed to miss us. That's what the morning forecast said. But by noon, the wind had picked up to a howl, and the rain was coming down sideways. My mother was at work, and my eight-year-old brother Tim was building a Lego castle in the living room. I was supposed to be babysitting, but I was too busy scrolling through my phone to notice the water. It started as a trickle under the front door. Then it became a stream. Within minutes, the living room carpet was floating. Tim looked up from his Lego, his eyes wide. "Anna, why is the floor wet?" I dropped my phone and ran to the door. Outside, the street had turned into a river. Water was rushing past, carrying branches and garbage. The water level was already at my ankles. I slammed the door shut and pushed a towel against the bottom, but the water kept seeping in. "Tim, listen to me," I said, trying to keep my voice steady. "We need to move to higher ground. Grab your favorite toy and follow me." We climbed the stairs to the second floor. From the window, I could see cars half-submerged in the street. The rain was so heavy I could barely see the house across the road. Tim was shivering, clutching his toy dinosaur. 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 I called Mom, but the line was busy.__________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Two hours later, the rain finally stopped. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案及解析 第二部分 阅读 第一节 A篇 21. B 细节理解题。根据QuakeAlert部分"This free app uses data from seismic sensors to send early warnings before an earthquake hits."可知，该应用发送地震预警。 22. B 细节理解题。根据FloodWatch部分"It also allows users to report local flood conditions with photos..."可知，该应用允许用户上传当地洪水情况照片。 23. D 细节理解题。FirstAid by Red Cross提到"All content can be accessed offline"，FamilyCircle虽未明确说离线，但panic button发送GPS坐标不需要数据连接，且两者均可在无网络时发挥核心功能。A项只有FamilyCircle有付费监控；B项与离线功能矛盾；C项FamilyCircle有付费版，不完全免费。 B篇 24. A 细节理解题。第一段"The earthquake hit at 2:47 a.m. I was thrown out of bed..."说明作者在睡觉。 25. C 细节理解题。第三段"I grabbed a jacket... and felt my way to the door."以及第四段"The stairwell was pitch black. I could hear people shouting..."说明作者在黑暗中爬行摸索出公寓。 26. B 词义猜测题。pitch black意为"完全黑暗的"，后文"in the dark"也印证了这一点。 27. C 推理判断题。最后一段"I signed up to be a volunteer trainer. I wanted every kid in my city to know what I knew..."说明作者想帮助他人学习灾害准备知识。 C篇 28. B 段落大意题。第一段列举了2026年欧洲高温和郑州暴雨等极端天气事件，并指出极端天气灾害自2000年以来增加了83%，因此主要说明极端天气在全球范围内增加。 29. B 细节理解题。第二段"For every 1°C rise in global temperature, the air can hold about 7% more water vapor. This means heavier rainfall..."可知，变暖的大气能容纳更多水蒸气，导致更强降雨。 30. B 词义猜测题。erratic monsoons导致4亿农民面临作物失败，说明季风变得不稳定、不可预测。 31. C 推理判断题。最后一段Dr. Marchetti说"Technology doesn't stop the storm, but it can mean the difference between a near miss and a catastrophe."表明她对预警技术持积极态度。 D篇 32. B 推理判断题。第一段提到卡特里娜飓风时官方响应迟缓，但普通市民用船救人、分享食物，说明普通人在救援中发挥了关键作用。 33. B 细节理解题。第三段"A 2025 study... found that neighborhoods with... strong social ties... had 35% lower mortality rates"说明紧密的社会联系能降低灾害死亡率。 34. A 词义猜测题。mortality rates意为"死亡率"，与casualties（伤亡）对应。 35. C 细节理解题。最后一段"The lesson for policymakers is clear: invest not just in infrastructure, but in social infrastructure."说明作者建议政策制定者投资社会基础设施。 第二节 36. B 上文提到组装应急包，B项"以下是根据家庭需求制作应急包的指南"承上启下。 37. C 上文提到从水开始，C项"专家建议每人每天至少3升水"具体说明水的量。 38. D 上文提到光和通讯，D项"包括每人一个带备用电池的手电筒"对应光的需求。 39. E 上文提到个人需求，E项"如果有婴儿、老人或宠物，添加他们的特定用品"进一步补充。 40. G 上文提到定期检查和更新，G项"准备充分的应急包能决定舒适与危机的区别"总结本段。 第三部分 语言运用 第一节 41. B push a towel under the door意为"把毛巾塞到门底下"，符合堵烟的动作。 42. A beat through one's ribs意为"心跳剧烈到要冲破肋骨"，是夸张表达。 43. C 烟从天花板缝隙渗进来符合物理规律（热烟上升），且后文"air was clearer near the floor"印证。 44. C cover one's nose and mouth意为"捂住口鼻"。 45. D 警笛声越来越近，用closer。 46. B 烟让喉咙有灼烧感，用burn。 47. D 消防员说"Don't worry"安慰作者。 48. B 新鲜空气像一份礼物，用gift。 49. C 闭上眼就看到烟，用smoke。 50. B reminder意为"提醒物"，这三个字提醒作者帮助总会到来。 51. A send a card to...意为"寄卡片给..."。 52. A that's what saved you意为"那就是救了你的东西"。 53. D install a smoke alarm意为"安装烟雾报警器"。 54. D fire doesn't care意为"火灾不会挑选，它不关心你是谁"，与后文"it takes what it takes"呼应。 55. A weapon against panic意为"对抗恐慌的武器"。 第二节 56. killed 2004年地震是过去事件，用一般过去时。 57. to detect use... to do sth. 用不定式表目的。 58. to cause strong enough to do sth. 足够强以至于能引起海啸。 59. specially 修饰designed用副词specially，意为"专门设计的"。 60. has saved since its launch与现在完成时连用。 61. to evacuate gave people... time to do sth. 用不定式。 62. were lost lives与lose为被动关系，且描述2012年事件，用一般过去时被动。 63. However 上文说系统救人，下文说系统不完美，为转折关系。 64. developing by为介词，后接动名词。 65. deserves every community为单数，用一般现在时第三人称单数。 第四部分 写作 第一节 参考范文： Dear Jack, I was sorry to hear that floods often hit your area. I can understand how scared you must feel, but there are steps you can take to stay safe. First, prepare an emergency kit with water, food, a flashlight, and a first-aid kit. Keep it somewhere easy to reach. Second, know your evacuation route and the nearest high ground. When a flood warning is issued, move to higher ground immediately. Never try to walk or drive through floodwater. Most importantly, stay calm. Panicking can make situations worse. With good preparation and a clear mind, you can protect yourself and your family. Yours, Li Hua 第二节 参考范文： I called Mom, but the line was busy. I tried again and again, my fingers shaking. Finally, she picked up. "Anna! Are you and Tim okay?" Her voice was urgent. "The water is rising fast," I said. "We're on the second floor, but it's still coming up." She told me to stay where we were, lock the windows, and wait for rescue. "Help is on the way," she said. I hung up and turned to Tim, who was sitting on the bed, hugging his dinosaur. "Mom says help is coming," I told him. He nodded, his face pale. I wrapped him in a blanket and held him close. The sound of rushing water below was terrifying, but I kept telling myself: stay calm, stay together. Two hours later, the rain finally stopped. The water outside began to recede slowly. Through the window, I could see rescue boats moving down the street. A loudspeaker announced that it was safe to come down. I carried Tim downstairs — the ground floor was a mess of mud and debris, but we were safe. When Mom arrived, she ran to us, crying with relief. That night, we stayed at a neighbor's apartment. Tim fell asleep in her arms. I looked out at the flooded street and realized how quickly everything could change. But I also learned that in the face of nature's fury, staying calm and acting quickly can make all the difference. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $