Unit 4 Natural Disasters单元素养培优分层练-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 2026-2027学年高一必修一Unit 4单元素养培优分层练，通过“基础全面练”与“综合应用练”二级分层，实现从词汇、句型、语法到语篇理解与综合表达的渐进式知识巩固，培养语言能力与跨文化思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础全面练|单元核心词汇（如shocked, rescue）、重点句型（as if/though, be+adj.+to do）、定语从句关系代词|以单词拼写、单句写作夯实基础，短文写作结合台风灾害主题，渗透文化意识| |综合应用练|语篇理解（自然灾害与城市应对）、语法综合运用（时态、非谓语、定语从句）|选用改编真题阅读（东京/迈阿密/雅加达灾害案例），语法填空融入都江堰水利工程，提升思维品质与学习能力|

2026-2027学年高一必修一Unit 4单元素养培优分层练 【基础全面练】 Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1. The whole village was _______（震惊）when they heard that the landslide had destroyed several houses. 2. After the hurricane, the government sent food and medical _______（补给品）to the affected areas. 3. Of the five people trapped in the mine, only two _______（存活）after three days of rescue efforts. 4. The injured were quickly _______（救援）by the local fire department and taken to the nearest hospital. 5. The ancient vase was carefully wrapped to protect it from being _______（损坏）during the move. 6. The earthquake _______（摧毁）many old buildings in the town, leaving thousands homeless. 7. The children _______（滑行）down the snowy hill on their sleds, laughing happily. 8. This region has _______（遭受）from serious drought for three years, causing crop failure. 9. It is impossible to _______（递送）the letter because the address is incomplete and unclear. 10. He raised his hand and _______（击打）the ball with all his strength, scoring a goal. Ⅱ. 单句写作 1. 她描述那场火灾的样子，就好像她亲眼目睹了一样。 She described the fire _______ she had seen it with her own eyes. (as if/though) 2. 这个问题很难回答，但我会尽力。 The question _______ _______ _______ answer, but I will try my best. (be+adj.+to do) 3. 强烈的地震袭击了这座城市，使整个社区成为废墟。 A strong earthquake hit the city, which _______ _______ _______. (make+宾语+宾语补足语; ruin) 4. 我正在做作业，这时突然停电了。 I _______ _______ _______ _______ the power went out suddenly. (be doing...when) 5. 良好的准备可以使你成功通过考试成为可能。 Good preparation can _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ pass the exam successfully. (make it possible (for sb.) to do) Ⅲ. 用适当的关系代词填空 1. The book _______ I bought yesterday was written by a famous archaeologist. 2. The woman _______ you saw in the library is our new English teacher. 3. The house _______ roof was damaged in the storm has been repaired. 4. This is the school _______ I visited last year during the educational trip. 5. The student _______ handwriting is the best in our class won the first prize. 6. The play _______ we performed at the school art festival was based on a true story. 7. People _______ are kind and helpful are always respected by others. 8. He is the only person _______ can solve this difficult math problem. 9. The reason _______ she gave for being absent was not convincing. 10. We should choose friends _______ can bring out the best in us. Ⅳ. 结合本单元主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇80词左右的短文 写作内容提示： 1. 2024年夏天，台风"格美"袭击了我国东南沿海地区，许多城市遭受严重洪涝灾害。 2. 大批救援人员冒着生命危险奔赴前线，无数志愿者慷慨捐赠物资，展现了中国人民的团结与勇气。 3. 洪水冲毁了道路和桥梁，数千间房屋被毁，许多人被困在废墟中。 4. 幸运的是，解放军和武警部队迅速赶来援助，搭建临时避难所，帮助受灾群众重建家园。 5. 一周后，洪水逐渐退去，灾区人民开始了艰难的恢复工作。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【综合应用练】 Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A （2024·改编自高一期末检测） Natural disasters have become more frequent and severe in recent years, causing huge losses to human life and property. Climate change is believed to be one of the main reasons. Here are three cities facing different natural disaster threats. Tokyo, Japan Tokyo is located in the "Ring of Fire", where earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are common. The city has experienced several major earthquakes in its history, including the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923. Today, Tokyo has one of the most advanced earthquake early warning systems in the world. Buildings are designed to withstand strong shaking, and regular earthquake drills are held in schools and workplaces. However, experts warn that a "mega earthquake" could strike the area at any time, potentially causing catastrophic damage. Miami, USA Miami is facing a double threat: rising sea levels and powerful hurricanes. Scientists predict that by 2050, parts of Miami could be underwater during high tides. The city has already invested millions of dollars in raising roads and installing pumps to deal with flooding. During hurricane season, residents must be prepared to evacuate if a major storm approaches. The increasing intensity of hurricanes due to warmer ocean temperatures makes this threat even more serious. Jakarta, Indonesia Jakarta is sinking at an alarming rate of up to 25 centimeters per year in some areas, making it one of the fastest-sinking cities in the world. The main cause is the over-extraction of groundwater by the city's growing population. Combined with rising sea levels, this puts millions of people at risk of flooding. The government has announced plans to move the capital to a new location on the island of Borneo, but this massive project will take decades to complete. 1. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain the causes of natural disasters. B. To warn people about the threats faced by some major cities. C. To compare the disaster prevention measures of different countries. D. To describe the most destructive earthquakes in history. 2. What measure has Tokyo taken to deal with earthquakes? A. Building higher sea walls. B. Moving the capital to another city. C. Installing advanced early warning systems. D. Banning the construction of tall buildings. 3. What is the main cause of Jakarta's sinking problem? A. Rising sea levels. B. Over-extraction of groundwater. C. Frequent volcanic eruptions. D. Heavy rainfall during monsoon season. B On the evening of July 20, 2021, a massive mudslide swept through the village of Qiaojia in Yunnan Province, burying several houses and killing at least three people. The disaster was triggered by days of heavy rainfall that saturated the soil on the steep hillsides. Rescue workers used excavators and their bare hands to search for survivors in the mud. Mudslides, also known as debris flows, are among the most destructive natural disasters. They occur when a large amount of water mixes with soil, rocks, and other debris on a slope, creating a fast-moving flow that can destroy everything in its path. Unlike earthquakes, which are difficult to predict, mudslides often follow heavy rain or rapid snowmelt, giving authorities some warning time. However, predicting exactly when and where a mudslide will happen is still a challenge. Scientists use rainfall data, soil moisture sensors, and satellite imagery to assess the risk, but the complex interaction between rainfall, terrain, and soil conditions makes accurate prediction difficult. "We can identify high-risk areas, but we cannot say for certain when a mudslide will occur," said Dr. Zhang, a geologist at the China Geological Survey. In recent years, China has invested heavily in mudslide monitoring systems. In mountainous areas like Yunnan and Sichuan, sensors have been installed on hillsides to detect ground movement and changes in water levels. When dangerous conditions are detected, warnings are sent to residents' mobile phones, giving them precious time to evacuate. Despite these efforts, the 2021 Qiaojia mudslide showed that more needs to be done. Many villages in mountainous areas are still at risk, and residents need better education on how to respond when warnings are issued. "The key is not just having the technology, but making sure people know what to do when they receive an alert," Dr. Zhang emphasized. 4. What triggered the mudslide in Qiaojia village? A. An earthquake. B. Days of heavy rainfall. C. Volcanic eruption. D. Deforestation on the hillsides. 5. What does the underlined word "saturated" in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Dried out. B. Completely soaked. C. Frozen solid. D. Loosened up. 6. What is the main challenge in predicting mudslides? A. Lack of rainfall data. B. The complex interaction of multiple factors. C. Insufficient funding for research. D. Difficulty in installing sensors on hillsides. 7. What is Dr. Zhang's suggestion for improving mudslide safety? A. Installing more sensors on hillsides. B. Moving all villagers to safer areas. C. Educating people on how to respond to warnings. D. Banning construction in mountainous areas. Ⅱ. 语法填空 （2024·改编自高一期中检测） China has a long history of dealing with natural disasters. One of the most impressive examples is the Dujiangyan Irrigation System in Sichuan Province, which _______ (build) over 2,200 years ago. Unlike other irrigation projects of its time, Dujiangyan was designed not only to provide water for farming but also to control floods. The system was built by Li Bing, a local governor during the Warring States Period. At that time, the Min River frequently flooded, _______ (cause) great damage to nearby villages. Li Bing and his son studied the river's behavior and came up with a clever solution. They built a system _______ divided the river into two parts: one for irrigation and one for flood control. What makes Dujiangyan special is that it uses natural forces to control water flow. Instead of building a dam, Li Bing used a special technique _______ (direct) the water. He dug a channel through a mountain and created a water-dividing dike. This allowed the river to clean _______ (it) by washing away sand and gravel during floods. For over two thousand years, Dujiangyan _______ (continue) to provide water to the Chengdu Plain, turning it into one of the most fertile areas in China. It is still in use today, _______ (prove) the wisdom of ancient Chinese engineers. In 2000, Dujiangyan was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It stands as a reminder that humans can work with nature, rather than _______ (fight) against it. The system shows how ancient wisdom can offer solutions to modern problems, such as flood control and water management in the face _______ climate change. Today, visitors from all over the world come to see this _______ (amaze) project. They are not only impressed by its engineering, but also by the philosophy behind it: living in harmony with nature. 【参考答案及解析】 【基础全面练】 Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1. shocked （震惊） 解析：be shocked at 意为"对……感到震惊"，用过去分词作表语。 2. supplies （补给品） 解析：supply 作"补给品"时常用复数形式 supplies。 3. survived （存活） 解析：survive 意为"存活"，由 Of the five people trapped 可知用一般过去时。 4. rescued （救援） 解析：rescue 意为"救援"，此处为被动语态，用过去分词 rescued。 5. damaged （损坏） 解析：damage 意为"损坏"，此处为被动语态，用过去分词 damaged。 6. destroyed （摧毁） 解析：destroy 意为"摧毁"，描述过去发生的地震，用一般过去时。 7. slid （滑行） 解析：slide 意为"滑行"，过去式为 slid。 8. suffered （遭受） 解析：suffer from 意为"遭受"，由 has 和 over the past year 可知用现在完成时。 9. deliver （递送） 解析：deliver 意为"递送"，不定式 to 后接动词原形。 10. struck （击打） 解析：strike 意为"击打"，过去式为 struck。 Ⅱ. 单句写作 1. as if / as though 解析：as if / as though 意为"好像，仿佛"，引导方式状语从句。 2. is difficult / hard to 解析：be + adj. + to do 结构中，形容词说明主语的特征，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。 3. made the whole community (into) ruins 解析：make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语，ruin 作名词时常用复数 ruins，make...into ruins 意为"使……成为废墟"。 4. was doing my homework when 解析：be doing...when... 意为"正在做某事，突然……"，由 went out 可知用过去进行时。 5. make it possible for you to 解析：make it possible (for sb.) to do sth. 中 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语。 Ⅲ. 用适当的关系代词填空 1. that / which 解析：先行词 the book 指物，在定语从句中作 bought 的宾语，用 that 或 which。 2. who / whom / that 解析：先行词 The woman 指人，在定语从句中作 saw 的宾语，用 who / whom / that。 3. whose 解析：先行词 The house 与 roof 是所属关系，用 whose 引导定语从句。 4. that / which 解析：先行词 the school 指物，在定语从句中作 visited 的宾语，用 that 或 which。 5. whose 解析：先行词 The student 与 handwriting 是所属关系，用 whose。 6. that / which 解析：先行词 The play 指物，在定语从句中作 performed 的宾语，用 that 或 which。 7. who / that 解析：先行词 People 指人，在定语从句中作主语，用 who 或 that。 8. that 解析：先行词 the only person 指人，且被 the only 修饰，在定语从句中作主语，只能用 that。 9. that / which 解析：先行词 The reason 指物，在定语从句中作 gave 的宾语，用 that 或 which。 10. who / that 解析：先行词 friends 指人，在定语从句中作主语，用 who 或 that。 Ⅳ. 短文写作 参考范文： In the summer of 2024, Typhoon Gaemi hit the southeastern coastal areas of China, causing severe floods in many cities. Thousands of rescue workers risked their lives to go to the front lines, and countless volunteers generously donated supplies, showing the unity and courage of the Chinese people. The floods destroyed roads and bridges, and thousands of houses were ruined, leaving many people trapped in the ruins. Fortunately, the PLA and armed police forces came to their aid quickly, setting up temporary shelters and helping the victims rebuild their homes. A week later, the floodwaters gradually came to an end, and the people in the disaster areas began the difficult work of recovery. 【综合应用练】 Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A篇 1. B 解析：主旨大意题。文章介绍了东京、迈阿密和雅加达三个城市分别面临的地震、海平面上升和地面下沉等自然灾害威胁，目的是警告人们这些大城市面临的威胁。 2. C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三句"Today, Tokyo has one of the most advanced earthquake early warning systems in the world."可知。 3. B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第二句"The main cause is the over-extraction of groundwater by the city's growing population."可知。 B篇 4. B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句"The disaster was triggered by days of heavy rainfall..."可知。 5. B 解析：词义猜测题。saturated 意为"饱和的，浸透的"，由 days of heavy rainfall 可知土壤被雨水完全浸透。 6. B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句"...but the complex interaction between rainfall, terrain, and soil conditions makes accurate prediction difficult."可知。 7. C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句 Dr. Zhang 的话"The key is... making sure people know what to do when they receive an alert"可知。 Ⅱ. 语法填空 1. was built 解析：考查时态和语态。Dujiangyan Irrigation System 与 build 之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。 2. causing 解析：考查非谓语动词。cause 与 the Min River frequently flooded 之间是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语。 3. that / which 解析：考查定语从句。先行词 a system 指物，在定语从句中作主语，用 that 或 which。 4. to direct 解析：考查非谓语动词。use a technique to do sth. 意为"使用一种技术做某事"，用不定式作后置定语。 5. itself 解析：考查代词。wash away sand and gravel 的主语是 the river，此处用反身代词 itself 表示"河水清洗自身"。 6. has continued 解析：考查时态。由 For over two thousand years 可知用现在完成时。 7. proving 解析：考查非谓语动词。prove 与 Dujiangyan 之间是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语。 8. fight 解析：考查非谓语动词。rather than 后接动词原形，意为"而不是"。 9. of 解析：考查介词。in the face of 是固定搭配，意为"面对"。 10. amazing 解析：考查词性转换。amaze 的形容词形式 amazing 意为"令人惊叹的"，修饰 project。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $