【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第1讲 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues(听说-道德困境听力解码)-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第三册(教师版+学生版)

2026-08-18
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语人教版必修第三册
年级 高一
章节 Listening and Speaking
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2027-2028
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 81 KB
发布时间 2026-08-18
更新时间 2026-08-18
作者 周周有招学科驿站
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-08-18
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价格 2.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

本讲义聚焦“道德困境听力解码”核心知识点,通过判断练习区分“困难”与“道德困境”的本质差异,系统训练转折让步、情态态度、犹豫停顿三类信号词定位说话人真实态度的听力技能,结合respond、complain等主题高频词的搭配与用法,构建从概念理解到技能应用的完整学习支架。 该资料以情境化判断练习(如考试作弊、医生告知病情)培养思维品质,通过听前预测、听中记录信号词、听后比对选项的三阶段训练提升语言能力,词汇关系导图串联高频词强化学习能力。课中助力教师聚焦听力策略教学,课后通过改编填空、语法填空等练习帮助学生巩固知识,查漏补缺。

内容正文:

Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 精品讲义2027春高一(下)英语-新教材人教版必修三 第1讲 听见选择——道德困境听力解码 听说课(学生版) 听说 ● 道德困境听力解码 【课时安排】 本讲为 Unit 2 Opening Page + Listening(听说课)第 1 讲,建议用时 2 课时。听力材料以朗读稿呈现,语速约 120 词/分钟;先通读再听读,边听边圈画信号词。 【学习目标】 ① 能通过转折让步、情态态度、犹豫停顿三类信号词,在听力语篇中定位说话人的真实判断; ② 能掌握 respond、complain、tend、threaten、dilemma 等主题高频词的搭配、派生与考点用法; ③ 能就"道德困境"主题准确抓取听力关键信息,并做出唯一性判断。 Part 1 听说导航:这节课我们在"听"什么 先做一个判断练习,感受"困境"与"困难"的本质区别。 【判断练习】 处境 A:期末考试前夜,你在纠结"要不要熬夜复习"——复习可能影响第二天状态,不复习又怕考砸。 处境 B:你看到好朋友在考场上偷偷翻看小抄,你要不要告诉老师——告诉,朋友可能受处分甚至被开除;不告诉,考试对其他同学不公平。 你的直觉是什么?面对两个处境,先别急着下结论,写下你的判断。 我的判断:处境 A 更像______(困难 difficulty / 道德困境 dilemma),处境 B 更像______。 我判断的理由(想一想:两者最大的区别在哪里): ________________________________________________________________________ 【点拨】道德困境(moral dilemma)的唯一判断标准 □ 是否必须在两个选项中二选一? □ 选任何一个,是否都会牺牲/违背某种你珍视的价值? ——两个都是"是"→ dilemma;否则只是 difficulty / trouble。 这就是本讲要训练的核心能力: 下面两个典型道德困境,都属于"两难",请补全每一处的"冲突": 1. 一位医生明知病人时日无多,却要决定是否如实相告——如实相告会______(伤什么),隐瞒会______(违背什么)。这是"______ vs ______"的冲突。 2. 一位学生看到朋友作弊,要决定是否举报——举报会______(伤什么),沉默会______(纵容什么)。这是"______ vs ______"的冲突。 道德困境的题目里,说话人很少直接说"我认为怎样才对",他的判断藏在? Part 2 听力微技能:三类信号词 = 答案的地图 听力题的答案藏在哪里?三类信号词帮你定位说话人的真实倾向。 【第一类:转折让步词】 典型信号词:but / however / although / though / as for / on the other hand 功能:推翻前文,引出说话人的真实态度。听力题常考"说话人最终的真实态度",答案几乎总是落在转折词之后,前面的铺陈多是干扰信息。 听力操作指令:听到 but / however 立即暂停对前文的判断,专注转折后的内容。前文说了什么不重要,转折后的话才是答案来源。 【第二类:情态态度词】 典型信号词:should / must / would / could / might / may 功能:情态动词是说话人态度的显微镜: ① should / must → 表"认为应该做",道德义务感强; ② would / could → 表"假设情况下我会怎么做",常用于道德困境的假设推演; ③ might / may → 表犹豫不确定。 听力操作指令:听到 should / would 连用,后面跟的往往就是说话人对困境的真实倾向,立即标注其后内容。 【第三类:犹豫停顿词】 典型信号词:well / you know / let me think / I guess / it depends 功能:这类词不是废话,是"说话人正在权衡"的标志。尤其注意 it depends——听到它,答案往往不是非黑即白,而是"分情况",选项里出现"视情况而定"的表述,常是正确答案。 听力操作指令:听到 well / you know / I guess 等词,提高警惕,其后的内容往往是说话人经过权衡后的真实判断。 【听前—听中—听后 三阶段可执行动作】 阶段 时间 动作 本讲操作 听前 录音播放前浏览题目时 扫读题干,预判每道题可能出现的信号词类型 Task 2 三题:第1题问 real attitude → 盯 but/however 与 should/would;第2题问 it depends 含义 → 盯 it depends 后内容;第3题问 final decision → 盯 would rather 和 should 听中 录音播放时 每个信号词出现时,在草稿纸上记下该词后的核心实词(2—3 个即可) 听到 well, you know, I guess → 草稿记 "honesty > job";听到 would rather → 草稿记 "lose job > lie" 听后 录音结束、作答前 草稿纸上的实词直接对应选项,排除未出现的干扰项 草稿内容与选项比对,锁定唯一答案 【错误路径演示】 学生最容易卡在"两个选项都提到同一事实"上。比如本讲材料里,Jack 既说了"可能会被开除",又说了"诚实比工作更重要",两个选项分别对应这两个事实。如果你听到什么就选什么,就会被干扰项带走。 【听前热身·信号词预判】 在听录音之前,先做一次预判: ① Jack 的困境中,转折词可能出现在哪里?(提示:当他先描述"犯错"时,后面会不会跟一个 but?) ② 情态词可能表达什么态度?(他会用 should 还是 would?这透露了什么?) ③ 听完后,回到这里验证你的预判。 Part 3 听力材料一:The Wrong Kind of Help 【听前预测·激活认知】 (听录音前完成,不翻看朗读稿)根据标题 "The Wrong Kind of Help" 和以下关键词预测故事走向。 关键词:bookshop / manager / change / fired / guilty 1. Jack 在 bookshop 犯了什么错?(提示:与 money 有关) 我的预测:________________________________ 2. Jack 面临哪两个选择?选 A 或 B 各有什么后果? 选择 A:告诉经理 → 后果:____________________ 选择 B:保持沉默 → 后果:____________________ 3. 你觉得 Jack 最终会选哪个?为什么? 我的预测:________________________________ 【朗读稿】 (朗读,语速约 120 词/分钟;先通读后听读,边听边圈画信号词) Yesterday, my friend Jack told me about a dilemma he faced at his part-time job. He works at a small bookshop, and on Friday he made a mistake — he gave a customer the wrong change, ten yuan too much. He wanted to give the money back. But then he remembered that his manager had been angry with him all week and had already warned him twice about small mistakes. If he told the manager, he might be fired. If he said nothing, the customer would be short-changed, and Jack would feel guilty. "What would you do?" I asked him. Jack thought for a while and said, "Well, you know, I guess honesty matters more than my job. I would rather lose the job than live with a lie. I should go and tell the manager tomorrow." I asked him if he was sure. He smiled and said, "It depends on what kind of person I want to be." Money comes and goes, but my honesty is what I carry with me every day. 【信号词提示】 本段中,转折、情态、犹豫三类信号词都有出现。边听边标注,完成下面的标注题。 【信号词标注题】 回听朗读稿,完成以下任务: 1. 圈出朗读稿中所有的情态动词,数一数共有 ______ 个。 2. 将圈出的情态动词按功能分类: 功能 情态动词(写出原词) 表"义务/应该" ____________________ 表"假设/推演" ____________________ 表"犹豫/可能" ____________________ 【怎么数才不会漏?——两步排除法】 第 1 步:区分"引语内"和"引语外" · Jack 说的话(引号内):"Well, you know, I guess honesty matters more than my job. I would rather lose the job than live with a lie. I should go and tell the manager tomorrow." · 叙述部分(引号外):He wanted... But then he remembered... If he told... he might... If he said nothing, the customer would... and Jack would... 第 2 步:明确统计范围 · 本标注题要求统计全文所有情态动词(含叙述部分)→ 共 5 个:might×1(叙述部分),would×3(叙述部分 2 个 + 引语内 1 个),should×1(引语内)。 · 考试时若问"Jack 的态度",则只需聚焦引语内的情态动词(would×1, should×1 → 共 2 个),叙述部分的 might/would 是干扰信息。 【Task 1 信息定位】判断正误(T / F),并写出依据关键词。 1. Jack gave a customer too little change.( ) 【依据关键词:______________】 2. Jack's manager had warned him twice about mistakes that week.( ) 【依据关键词:______________】 3. Jack finally decided to tell the manager the truth.( ) 【依据关键词:______________】 【Task 2 态度判断】单项选择(每题只有唯一答案)。 1. What is Jack's real attitude towards his mistake? A. He thinks the mistake is not a big deal.  B. He thinks honesty is more important than his job.  C. He thinks he should leave the job because of the mistake. 我的答案:______ 2. What does the underlined sentence "It depends on what kind of person I want to be" tell us about Jack? A. He is still uncertain about what to do.  B. He decides according to his values rather than money.  C. He will ask the manager for advice first. 我的答案:______ 3. Which of the following best shows Jack's final decision? A. I would rather lose the job than live with a lie.  B. The customer was short-changed by ten yuan.  C. My manager had warned me twice about mistakes. 我的答案:______ 【本部分小结】 三道态度题都在考同一个能力——听出说话人"偏向哪一边"。回头看你做第 1 题时的第一反应:是不是被"帮助朋友"这类熟悉词带走了? 【Task 3 信号词定位填空】回听朗读稿,补全含有信号词的句子(每空一词)。 1. He wanted to give the money back. ______ then he remembered that his manager had been angry with him all week. → 此空为______词(转折/情态/停顿),其功能是____________。 2. If he told the manager, he ______ be fired. → 此空为______词(转折/情态/停顿),表______(义务/假设/犹豫)。 3. I ______ rather lose the job than live with a lie. → 此空为______词(转折/情态/停顿),表______(义务/假设/犹豫)。 4. Money comes and goes, ______ my honesty is what I carry with me every day. → 此空为______词(转折/情态/停顿),其功能是____________。 【结构识别】请在朗读稿中找到含有 "would rather...than..." 的句子,并回答问题。 原句:"I ______ rather lose the job ______ live with a lie." · 此空 1(______)填词:______,其功能是表示______(倾向/事实/计划)。 · 此空 2(______)填词:______,与前面的词构成固定结构,表示______。 Part 4 考点词汇精讲:道德困境主题高频词 围绕"道德困境"这个主题,本单元还有一组高频考点词值得一次讲透。它们不只在听力里出现,也是语法填空和完形的高频设空点。讲透的标准是: 【词汇关系导图】 这六个词在"道德困境"叙事中共同推进情节,关系如下: respond(他者反应)←→ dilemma(自身处境)→ tend(倾向性)→ threaten(外部压力)→ complain(情绪出口)→ majority(群体参照) 读懂这个链条:主人公陷入 dilemma → 他倾向于(tend)某种选择 → 外部有威胁(threaten)→ 他回应(respond)→ 可能抱怨(complain)→ 也可能参照多数人(majority)。这组词串联起来,就是一篇完整的"道德困境"叙事。 【1】respond v. 回应;回答 / response n. 回应 搭配:respond to sth(对......作出回应);in response to(作为对......的回应)。 易错考点:respond 是不及物动词,接宾语必须先加 to;response 是可数名词。语法填空里最常考两处——responded(过去式)和 in response to 这个介词短语。 例句:He responded to my question with a smile. 误判演示:× He responded my question. → 我的改正:______________ 反义联想:respond 强调"有回应"的动作本身,与 ignore(不理睬)相对。 【2】complain v. 抱怨 / complaint n. 投诉;抱怨 搭配:complain about sth(抱怨某事);complain to sb about sth(向某人抱怨某事);make a complaint(投诉)。 易错考点:complain 是 "complain about + 对象" 结构,对象是人用 to、是事用 about。派生名词 complaint 常考 make a complaint about。 例句:Customers often complain about the poor service. 怎么记:动词 complain 末尾的 -in 加 -t 变名词 complaint,拼写别漏中间的 a。语法填空看到 make a ______ 且语义是"投诉",填 complaint。 语义边界辨析: · complain(抱怨,对象多为事/服务):She complained about the noise. · criticise(批评,含负面评价):The teacher criticised his careless work. · accuse(指控,对象为人,搭配 of):He was accused of cheating. 完形填空若出现"顾客对服务不满",选 complain;若出现"公开指责某人行为不当",选 criticise;若出现"法律/纪律层面的指控",选 accuse。 【3】dilemma n. 困境;进退两难 搭配:be in a dilemma(处于两难境地);face a dilemma(面临困境);a moral dilemma(道德困境)。 考点:介词 in + dilemma 是核心考点;moral dilemma 是本单元主题词,阅读、写作都可能出现。 例句:She faced a moral dilemma: to tell the truth or to protect her friend. 精确辨析:dilemma 强调"二选一且任一选择都会牺牲某方面的价值";difficulty 强调"单一问题的解决难度"。完形中若上下文出现 "must choose between" 或 "either...or..." 结构,选 dilemma。 【4】tend v. 倾向于;往往会 / tendency n. 倾向 搭配:tend to do sth(往往做某事);have a tendency to do sth(有做某事的倾向)。 易错考点:tend 后接 to do,不接 doing。tendency 常考 have a tendency to do。 例句:People tend to trust those who are honest. 误判演示:× People tend trusting... → 我的改正:______________ 【5】threaten v. 威胁 / threat n. 威胁 搭配:threaten to do sth(威胁要做某事);a threat to sb/sth(对......的威胁)。 易错考点:threaten 后接不定式 threaten to do,不直接接 that 从句。名词 threat 常考 a threat to。 例句:He threatened to leave if things did not change. 派生联想:threaten(v.)→ threat(n.);看到空格前是 a、空格后是 to,往往填 threat。 【6】majority n. 大多数 / minority n. 少数 搭配:the majority of + 复数名词(大多数......);the minority of(少数)。 完整规则(含二义性): ① the majority of + 复数名词作主语 → 谓语用复数; ② the majority 单独作主语(强调整体)→ 谓语用单数亦可。 例句: · The majority of students are honest.(of + 复数名词 → 复数谓语) · The majority is in favor of the plan.(单独作主语,强调整体 → 单数谓语) 考场两步走: 第 1 步:看 the majority of 后面跟的是什么词? · 复数可数名词(students/people)→ 谓语一定用复数(are/were/have) · 不可数名词(water/time)→ 谓语一定用单数(is/was/has) 第 2 步(无 of 结构时):the majority 单独作主语 · 高考更常考"of 结构",优先记上面两条; · 单独出现时,强调整体→单数;强调个体成员→复数(考频低)。 Part 5 考点词汇活用(讲后即练) 【Task 4】用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. She made a __________ (complain) to the manager about the broken machine. 2. He __________ (respond) to the letter within two days. 3. People in trouble tend __________ (turn) to those whom they trust. 4. The boss __________ (threaten) to dismiss anyone who was late again. 【Task 5】单项选择(共 3 题)。 1. The majority of the students __________ honest, which makes the teacher proud. A. is  B. are  C. was  D. has 我的答案:______ 2. The majority of the water in this river __________ polluted. A. is  B. are  C. were  D. have 我的答案:______ 3. The company is in a __________: either cut staff or reduce salaries. A. difficulty  B. dilemma  C. trouble  D. threat 我的答案:______ Part 6 课后巩固练习(独立完成) 【一、听力改编填空】 阅读以下语段,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空(根据本讲主题改编,不重复使用原句)。 Last week, my cousin Li Ming faced a moral d__________ (dilemma) at school. He saw his best friend copy answers from the Internet for the history project. He knew he __________ (should) tell the teacher, but he also knew his friend __________ (might) get into serious trouble. He __________ (tend) to keep silent at first, but then he remembered what his father once said: "A true friend is someone who helps you become a better person, not someone who __________ (tend) to hide your mistakes." Finally, Li Ming __________ (decide) to talk to his friend directly, not to the teacher. He said, "I __________ (would) rather have an honest conversation with you than report you behind your back. But if you don't change, I __________ (may) have to tell someone." 【二、词汇单选(覆盖本讲核心词)】 1. When the customer received the wrong order, she began to __________ about the service. A. respond  B. complain  C. threaten  D. tend 我的答案:______ 2. The manager __________ to fire anyone who broke the rules again. A. responded  B. complained  C. threatened  D. tended 我的答案:______ 【三、语篇语法填空(主题:道德困境,设空覆盖本讲 5 个核心词)】 Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. A young doctor faced a difficult choice. Her patient, an elderly man, had a serious illness, but he didn't know the truth. The doctor wanted to tell him, but his family asked her not to. She was in a __________ (1) (道德困境). She __________ (2) (倾向于) to tell the truth because she believed patients had the right to know. However, she also understood the family's worry. She __________ (3) (回应) to the family with kindness: "I hear your concern. But my duty is to my patient." The family __________ (4) (威胁) to report her to the hospital if she told the patient without their permission. She felt afraid, but she didn't __________ (5) (抱怨). Instead, she decided to talk to the patient gently. In the end, the patient thanked her for being honest. 填空提示:第 1 空填名词(道德困境的主题词);第 2 空填动词+不定式(表示"倾向于");第 3 空填过去式(表示"回应");第 4 空填过去式(表示"威胁");第 5 空填动词原形(表示"抱怨")。 Part 7 本讲收束:带走清单 【本讲自检清单】 ① 道德困境 ≠ 困难:判断标准是"二选一" + "任一选择都牺牲某种价值"。 ② 听出倾向三信号:转折词(but/however)后是真态度;情态词(would/should)表倾向;犹豫词(well/it depends)是"权衡后给答案"的前奏。 ③ 两个陷阱要记住:it depends 后接了明确标准就不再是"不确定";would rather 表"宁愿"的倾向,不是"计划/行动"。 【迁移一步】 把"听倾向"的三信号反向用于口语表达:表达自己的道德选择时,也用上这三类信号词,让你的态度更清晰。 情境:你的好朋友请你帮他隐瞒一次考试作弊,你会怎么回应? 用一句英文说出你的选择,并自然用上至少两类信号词(转折/情态/犹豫)。 我的表达:______________________________________________ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 精品讲义2027春高一(下)英语-新教材人教版必修三 第1讲 听见选择——道德困境听力解码 听说课(教师版) 听说 ● 道德困境听力解码 【课时安排】 本讲为 Unit 2 Opening Page + Listening(听说课)第 1 讲,建议用时 2 课时。听力材料以教师朗读稿呈现,语速约 120 词/分钟;先通读再朗读,板书关键词。 【学习目标】 ① 能通过转折让步、情态态度、犹豫停顿三类信号词,在听力语篇中定位说话人的真实判断; ② 能掌握 respond、complain、tend、threaten、dilemma 等主题高频词的搭配、派生与考点用法; ③ 能就"道德困境"主题准确抓取听力关键信息,并做出唯一性判断。 Part 1 听说导航:这节课我们在"听"什么 先做一个判断练习,感受"困境"与"困难"的本质区别。 【判断练习】 处境 A:期末考试前夜,你在纠结"要不要熬夜复习"——复习可能影响第二天状态,不复习又怕考砸。 处境 B:你看到好朋友在考场上偷偷翻看小抄,你要不要告诉老师——告诉,朋友可能受处分甚至被开除;不告诉,考试对其他同学不公平。 你的直觉是什么?处境 A 听起来很纠结,但它本质上是一个"困难"(difficulty)——你在"效率"和"体力"之间做取舍,不涉及价值观冲突。而处境 B 才是真正的"道德困境"(dilemma)——无论选哪条路,都触碰了你内心珍视的某种价值:是忠诚于朋友,还是忠诚于规则? 啊,原来"困境"和"困难"不是一回事。困难是"怎么做好",困境是"选哪个才对"。 【点拨】道德困境(moral dilemma)的唯一判断标准 □ 是否必须在两个选项中二选一? □ 选任何一个,是否都会牺牲/违背某种你珍视的价值? ——两个都是"是"→ dilemma;否则只是 difficulty / trouble。 这就是本讲要训练的核心能力: 下面两个典型道德困境,都属于"两难": 1. 一位医生明知病人时日无多,却要决定是否如实相告(如实=伤害情感,隐瞒=违背诚实)——这是"诚实 vs 善意"的冲突。 2. 一位学生看到朋友作弊,要决定是否举报(举报=伤害友情,沉默=纵容错误)——这是"规则 vs 友谊"的冲突。 道德困境的题目里,说话人很少直接说"我认为怎样才对",他的判断藏在? Part 2 听力微技能:三类信号词 = 答案的地图 听力题的答案藏在哪里?三类信号词帮你定位说话人的真实倾向。 【第一类:转折让步词】 典型信号词:but / however / although / though / as for / on the other hand 功能:推翻前文,引出说话人的真实态度。听力题常考"说话人最终的真实态度",答案几乎总是落在转折词之后,前面的铺陈多是干扰信息。 听力操作指令:听到 but / however 立即暂停对前文的判断,专注转折后的内容。前文说了什么不重要,转折后的话才是答案来源。 【第二类:情态态度词】 典型信号词:should / must / would / could / might / may 功能:情态动词是说话人态度的显微镜: ① should / must → 表"认为应该做",道德义务感强; ② would / could → 表"假设情况下我会怎么做",常用于道德困境的假设推演; ③ might / may → 表犹豫不确定。 听力操作指令:听到 should / would 连用,后面跟的往往就是说话人对困境的真实倾向,立即标注其后内容。 【第三类:犹豫停顿词】 典型信号词:well / you know / let me think / I guess / it depends 功能:这类词不是废话,是"说话人正在权衡"的标志。尤其注意 it depends——听到它,答案往往不是非黑即白,而是"分情况",选项里出现"视情况而定"的表述,常是正确答案。 听力操作指令:听到 well / you know / I guess 等词,提高警惕,其后的内容往往是说话人经过权衡后的真实判断。 【听前—听中—听后 三阶段可执行动作】 阶段 时间 动作 本讲操作 听前 录音播放前浏览题目时 扫读题干,预判每道题可能出现的信号词类型 Task 2 三题:第1题问 real attitude → 盯 but/however 与 should/would;第2题问 it depends 含义 → 盯 it depends 后内容;第3题问 final decision → 盯 would rather 和 should 听中 录音播放时 每个信号词出现时,在草稿纸上记下该词后的核心实词(2—3 个即可) 听到 well, you know, I guess → 草稿记 "honesty > job";听到 would rather → 草稿记 "lose job > lie" 听后 录音结束、作答前 草稿纸上的实词直接对应选项,排除未出现的干扰项 草稿内容与选项比对,锁定唯一答案 【错误路径演示】 学生最容易卡在"两个选项都提到同一事实"上。比如本讲材料里,Jack 既说了"可能会被开除",又说了"诚实比工作更重要",两个选项分别对应这两个事实。如果你听到什么就选什么,就会被干扰项带走。 【听前热身·信号词预判】 在听录音之前,先做一次预判: ① Jack 的困境中,转折词可能出现在哪里?(提示:当他先描述"犯错"时,后面会不会跟一个 but?) ② 情态词可能表达什么态度?(他会用 should 还是 would?这透露了什么?) ③ 听完后,回到这里验证你的预判。 Part 3 听力材料一:The Wrong Kind of Help 【听前预测·激活认知】 (听录音前完成,不翻看朗读稿)根据标题 "The Wrong Kind of Help" 和以下关键词预测故事走向。 关键词:bookshop / manager / change / fired / guilty 1. Jack 在 bookshop 犯了什么错?(提示:与 money 有关)   我的预测:________________________________ 2. Jack 面临哪两个选择?选 A 或 B 各有什么后果?   选择 A:告诉经理 → 后果:____________________   选择 B:保持沉默 → 后果:____________________ 3. 你觉得 Jack 最终会选哪个?为什么?   我的预测:________________________________ 【教师朗读稿】 (教师朗读,语速约 120 词/分钟;先通读后朗读,板书关键词) Yesterday, my friend Jack told me about a dilemma he faced at his part-time job. He works at a small bookshop, and on Friday he made a mistake — he gave a customer the wrong change, ten yuan too much. He wanted to give the money back. But then he remembered that his manager had been angry with him all week and had already warned him twice about small mistakes. If he told the manager, he might be fired. If he said nothing, the customer would be short-changed, and Jack would feel guilty. "What would you do?" I asked him. Jack thought for a while and said, "Well, you know, I guess honesty matters more than my job. I would rather lose the job than live with a lie. I should go and tell the manager tomorrow." I asked him if he was sure. He smiled and said, "It depends on what kind of person I want to be. Money comes and goes, but my honesty is what I carry with me every day." 【信号词提示】 本段中 【信号词标注题】 回听朗读稿,完成以下任务: 1. 圈出朗读稿中所有的情态动词,数一数共有 ______ 个。 2. 将圈出的情态动词按功能分类: 功能 情态动词(写出原词) 表"义务/应该" ____________________ 表"假设/推演" ____________________ 表"犹豫/可能" ____________________ 标准答案:共 5 个(might ×1, would ×3, should ×1);义务:should;假设:would ×3;犹豫/可能:might ×1。 【怎么数才不会漏?——两步排除法】 第 1 步:区分"引语内"和"引语外" · Jack 说的话(引号内):"Well, you know, I guess honesty matters more than my job. I would rather lose the job than live with a lie. I should go and tell the manager tomorrow." · 叙述部分(引号外):He wanted... But then he remembered... If he told... he might... If he said nothing, the customer would... and Jack would... 第 2 步:明确统计范围 · 本标注题要求统计全文所有情态动词(含叙述部分)→ 共 5 个:might×1(叙述部分),would×3(叙述部分 2 个 + 引语内 1 个),should×1(引语内)。 · 考试时若问"Jack 的态度",则只需聚焦引语内的情态动词(would×1, should×1 → 共 2 个),叙述部分的 might/would 是干扰信息。 【Task 1 信息定位】判断正误(T / F),并写出依据关键词。 1. Jack gave a customer too little change.( )   【依据关键词:______________】 答案:F。判断题先抓实义词,此处实义词是 too much(多找十元),与题干 too little(少找)相反,故判 F。若误判为 T,可能是把 change 理解成了"改变"而非"找零"。在购物/收银语境中,change 的第一义是"找零"。 2. Jack's manager had warned him twice about mistakes that week.( )   【依据关键词:______________】 答案:T。材料原句 "had already warned him twice" 与题干 twice 完全对应,都是"这一周"内的事。判断正误题优先找原词重现,twice 与 warned 直接复现,无转折词推翻,故选 T。 3. Jack finally decided to tell the manager the truth.( )   【依据关键词:______________】 答案:T。材料末尾 "I should go and tell the manager tomorrow" 用情态词 should 明确表态。should 是态度信号词,后接 tell the manager 直接给出决定,故选 T。 【Task 2 态度判断】单项选择(每题只有唯一答案)。 1. What is Jack's real attitude towards his mistake?   A. He thinks the mistake is not a big deal.   B. He thinks honesty is more important than his job.   C. He thinks he should leave the job because of the mistake. 答案:B。先定位 Jack 表态最明确的两句——"honesty matters more than my job" 和 "I would rather lose the job than live with a lie",两句都在说"诚实重于工作",即 B。排除 A(材料里 Jack 明显很纠结,谈不上"一点也不严重");排除 C(他说宁可丢工作也不撒谎,并没有主动辞职的意思,C 把"结果"当成了"行动")。 若误选 C,可能是把 "would rather lose the job" 理解成了"他打算辞职"。注意:would rather 表达的是"宁愿"的倾向,而非"计划"或"行动"。这是情态动词的典型考点——would rather 表主观意愿,不表客观行动。 2. What does the underlined sentence "It depends on what kind of person I want to be" tell us about Jack?   A. He is still uncertain about what to do.   B. He decides according to his values rather than money.   C. He will ask the manager for advice first. 答案:B。这是 it depends 的进阶考法——表面是犹豫,但后面紧跟 what kind of person I want to be(我想成为什么样的人),把判断锚定在"价值与自我认同"上,不是金钱,故选 B。A 错在只看到 it depends 字面的"不确定",忽略了下文给出了决定性答案;C 在材料中无依据。 若误选 A,是被 "it depends" 这个短语的字面意思骗了。在听力中,"it depends" 后如果接了明确的标准(what kind of person I want to be),就不再是"不确定",而是"判断标准在此"。记住这个陷阱,下次遇到 it depends 先听后面跟了什么。 3. Which of the following best shows Jack's final decision?   A. I would rather lose the job than live with a lie.   B. The customer was short-changed by ten yuan.   C. My manager had warned me twice about mistakes. 答案:A。题干问"最终决定",要在表达 Jack 决定的句子里找,而不是背景事实。A 是决定句(would rather...than... 宁愿......也不......);B、C 分别是"多找钱"和"被警告"两个背景事实,不是决定,故排除。 误选 B 者,是被 "ten yuan" 这个具体数字吸引了注意力;误选 C 者,是被 "warned twice" 这个反复出现的信息干扰了判断。题干问"决定",答案只在表达决定的句子里找。 【本部分小结】 三道态度题都在考同一个能力——听出说话人"偏向哪一边"。回头看你做第 1 题时的第一反应:是不是被"帮助朋友"这类熟悉词带走了? 【Task 3 信号词定位填空】回听朗读稿,补全含有信号词的句子(每空一词)。 1. He wanted to give the money back. ______ then he remembered that his manager had been angry with him all week.   → 此空为______词(转折/情态/停顿),其功能是____________。 答案:But;转折;推翻前文,引出真实态度。 2. If he told the manager, he ______ be fired.   → 此空为______词(转折/情态/停顿),表______(义务/假设/犹豫)。 答案:might;情态;犹豫/可能。 3. I ______ rather lose the job than live with a lie.   → 此空为______词(转折/情态/停顿),表______(义务/假设/犹豫)。 答案:would;情态;假设(宁愿)。 4. Money comes and goes, ______ my honesty is what I carry with me every day.   → 此空为______词(转折/情态/停顿),其功能是____________。 答案:but;转折;强调对比,突出诚实的重要性。 【结构识别】请在朗读稿中找到含有 "would rather...than..." 的句子,并回答问题。 原句:"I ______ rather lose the job ______ live with a lie."   · 此空 1(______)填词:______,其功能是表示______(倾向/事实/计划)。   · 此空 2(______)填词:______,与前面的词构成固定结构,表示______。 答案:空 1:would;表倾向(宁愿)。空 2:than;与 rather 构成 "would rather...than..." 结构,表示"宁愿......也不......"。 Part 4 考点词汇精讲:道德困境主题高频词 围绕"道德困境"这个主题,本单元还有一组高频考点词值得一次讲透。它们不只在听力里出现,也是语法填空和完形的高频设空点。讲透的标准是: 【词汇关系导图】 这六个词在"道德困境"叙事中共同推进情节,关系如下: respond(他者反应)←→ dilemma(自身处境)→ tend(倾向性)→ threaten(外部压力)→ complain(情绪出口)→ majority(群体参照) 读懂这个链条:主人公陷入 dilemma → 他倾向于(tend)某种选择 → 外部有威胁(threaten)→ 他回应(respond)→ 可能抱怨(complain)→ 也可能参照多数人(majority)。这组词串联起来,就是一篇完整的"道德困境"叙事。 【1】respond v. 回应;回答 / response n. 回应 搭配:respond to sth(对......作出回应);in response to(作为对......的回应)。 易错考点:respond 是不及物动词,接宾语必须先加 to;response 是可数名词。语法填空里最常考两处——responded(过去式)和 in response to 这个介词短语。 例句:He responded to my question with a smile. 误判演示:× He responded my question. → ✓ He responded to my question. 不及物动词别漏 to,这是每年必见的失分点。 反义联想:respond 强调"有回应"的动作本身,与 ignore(不理睬)相对。 【2】complain v. 抱怨 / complaint n. 投诉;抱怨 搭配:complain about sth(抱怨某事);complain to sb about sth(向某人抱怨某事);make a complaint(投诉)。 易错考点:complain 是 "complain about + 对象" 结构,对象是人用 to、是事用 about。派生名词 complaint 常考 make a complaint about。 例句:Customers often complain about the poor service. 怎么记:动词 complain 末尾的 -in 加 -t 变名词 complaint,拼写别漏中间的 a。语法填空看到 make a ______ 且语义是"投诉",填 complaint。 语义边界辨析:  · complain(抱怨,对象多为事/服务):She complained about the noise.  · criticise(批评,含负面评价):The teacher criticised his careless work.  · accuse(指控,对象为人,搭配 of):He was accused of cheating. 完形填空若出现"顾客对服务不满",选 complain;若出现"公开指责某人行为不当",选 criticise;若出现"法律/纪律层面的指控",选 accuse。 【3】dilemma n. 困境;进退两难 搭配:be in a dilemma(处于两难境地);face a dilemma(面临困境);a moral dilemma(道德困境)。 考点:介词 in + dilemma 是核心考点;moral dilemma 是本单元主题词,阅读、写作都可能出现。 例句:She faced a moral dilemma: to tell the truth or to protect her friend. 精确辨析:dilemma 强调"二选一且任一选择都会牺牲某方面的价值";difficulty 强调"单一问题的解决难度"。完形中若上下文出现 "must choose between" 或 "either...or..." 结构,选 dilemma。 【4】tend v. 倾向于;往往会 / tendency n. 倾向 搭配:tend to do sth(往往做某事);have a tendency to do sth(有做某事的倾向)。 易错考点:tend 后接to do,不接 doing。tendency 常考 have a tendency to do。 例句:People tend to trust those who are honest. 误判演示:× People tend trusting... → ✓ People tend to trust... 看到 tend 就要想到后面跟不定式,这是固定搭配,不是语感能救的。 【5】threaten v. 威胁 / threat n. 威胁 搭配:threaten to do sth(威胁要做某事);a threat to sb/sth(对......的威胁)。 易错考点:threaten 后接不定式 threaten to do,不直接接 that 从句。名词 threat 常考 a threat to。 例句:He threatened to leave if things did not change. 派生联想:threaten(v.)→ threat(n.);看到空格前是 a、空格后是 to,往往填 threat。 【6】majority n. 大多数 / minority n. 少数 搭配:the majority of + 复数名词(大多数......);the minority of(少数)。 完整规则(含二义性): ① the majority of + 复数名词作主语 → 谓语用复数; ② the majority 单独作主语(强调整体)→ 谓语用单数亦可。 例句:  · The majority of students are honest.(of + 复数名词 → 复数谓语)  · The majority is in favor of the plan.(单独作主语,强调整体 → 单数谓语) 考场两步走: 第 1 步:看 the majority of 后面跟的是什么词?  · 复数可数名词(students/people)→ 谓语一定用复数(are/were/have)  · 不可数名词(water/time)→ 谓语一定用单数(is/was/has) 第 2 步(无 of 结构时):the majority 单独作主语  · 高考更常考"of 结构",优先记上面两条;  · 单独出现时,强调整体→单数;强调个体成员→复数(考频低)。 Part 5 考点词汇活用(讲后即练) 【Task 4】用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. She made a __________ (complain) to the manager about the broken machine. 2. He __________ (respond) to the letter within two days. 3. People in trouble tend __________ (turn) to those whom they trust. 4. The boss __________ (threaten) to dismiss anyone who was late again. 【Task 4 答案与解析】 1. complaint。空格前是 a(冠词),说明需要一个名词;complain 的名词形式是 complaint(注意保留中间的 a)。make a complaint 是固定搭配。补充:make a complaint to sb about sth 是名词搭配,与 complain to sb about sth 动词搭配结构相同,注意词性变化。 2. responded。respond 后接了 to the letter,说明用不及物动词本身;语境是过去时间(within two days 叙述过去的事),故填过去式 responded。 3. to turn。tend to do sth 是固定搭配,tend 后接不定式,故填 to turn。 4. threatened。主语 The boss + 后接 to dismiss,符合 threaten to do 结构;语境是过去(was late again),故填过去式 threatened。 【Task 5】单项选择(共 3 题)。 1. The majority of the students __________ honest, which makes the teacher proud.   A. is  B. are  C. was  D. has 2. The majority of the water in this river __________ polluted.   A. is  B. are  C. were  D. have 3. The company is in a __________: either cut staff or reduce salaries.   A. difficulty  B. dilemma  C. trouble  D. threat 【Task 5 答案与解析】 1. 答案:B(are)。看到 the majority of + 复数名词 the students,谓语用复数,先排除单数 A 和 C;再判断时态,句意"大多数学生是诚实的,这让老师自豪"是一般性事实,用一般现在时 are,排除 D(has 不能接形容词 honest)。综合判断 B 唯一。 若误选 A(is),说明你误把 majority 当成了"整体"而忽略了 of 后面的复数中心词。判断主谓一致看 of 后面的词,不是看 majority 本身。 2. 答案:A(is)。此题考查 the majority of + 不可数名词的谓语形式。water 是不可数名词,the majority of the water 表示"水的大部分",中心词是 water(不可数),谓语用单数,排除 B、C、D(D 为 have,不能与 polluted 搭配)。时态为一般事实,用 is。 若误选 B(are),说明你只记住了"of 后面是复数就用复数",忘记了 water 是不可数名词。规则要完整记忆:of 后面中心词是复数可数名词→谓语复数;是不可数名词→谓语单数。 3. 答案:B(dilemma)。题干出现 "either cut staff or reduce salaries"(要么裁员要么降薪)——典型的"二选一且任一选择都有代价",符合 dilemma 的定义。排除 A(difficulty 不强调"二选一")、C(trouble 不强调"两难")、D(threat 是"威胁")。此即词汇精讲中"either...or... 结构选 dilemma"规则的直接应用。 若误选 A(difficulty),说明你把"公司处境困难"当成了 general difficulty,而没有注意到题干中的 "either...or..." 结构。完形中看到 "either...or..." 或 "must choose between",优先考虑 dilemma。 Part 6 课后巩固练习(独立完成,教师可即时讲评) 【一、听力改编填空】 阅读以下语段,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空(根据本讲主题改编,不重复使用原句)。 Last week, my cousin Li Ming faced a moral d__________ (dilemma) at school. He saw his best friend copy answers from the Internet for the history project. He knew he __________ (should) tell the teacher, but he also knew his friend __________ (might) get into serious trouble. He __________ (tend) to keep silent at first, but then he remembered what his father once said: "A true friend is someone who helps you become a better person, not someone who __________ (tend) to hide your mistakes." Finally, Li Ming __________ (decide) to talk to his friend directly, not to the teacher. He said, "I __________ (would) rather have an honest conversation with you than report you behind your back. But if you don't change, I __________ (may) have to tell someone." 【二、词汇单选(覆盖本讲核心词)】 1. When the customer received the wrong order, she began to __________ about the service.   A. respond  B. complain  C. threaten  D. tend 2. The manager __________ to fire anyone who broke the rules again.   A. responded  B. complained  C. threatened  D. tended 【三、语篇语法填空(主题:道德困境,设空覆盖本讲 5 个核心词)】 Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. A young doctor faced a difficult choice. Her patient, an elderly man, had a serious illness, but he didn't know the truth. The doctor wanted to tell him, but his family asked her not to. She was in a __________ (1) (道德困境). She __________ (2) (倾向于) to tell the truth because she believed patients had the right to know. However, she also understood the family's worry. She __________ (3) (回应) to the family with kindness: "I hear your concern. But my duty is to my patient." The family __________ (4) (威胁) to report her to the hospital if she told the patient without their permission. She felt afraid, but she didn't __________ (5) (抱怨). Instead, she decided to talk to the patient gently. In the end, the patient thanked her for being honest. 填空提示:第 1 空填名词(本讲第 3 个词汇);第 2 空填动词+不定式(本讲第 4 个词汇);第 3 空填过去式(本讲第 1 个词汇);第 4 空填过去式(本讲第 5 个词汇);第 5 空填动词原形(本讲第 2 个词汇)。 【课后巩固练习答案与解析】 一、听力改编填空: 1. dilemma(首字母提示,填完整拼写;moral dilemma 固定搭配)。 2. should(情态动词,表"道义上应该",与"他知道应该告诉老师"吻合)。 3. might(情态动词,表"可能性",与"可能惹上大麻烦"吻合)。 4. tended(tend to do,过去时态;此处叙述上周发生的事,用 tended)。 5. tends(tend to do,主语 someone 为单数,一般现在时加 s;句意为"倾向于掩盖错误的人")。 6. decided(叙述上周的最终决定,一般过去时)。 7. would(would rather 表"宁愿",与后文 than 构成固定结构)。 8. may(表"可能性",与"可能会告诉别人"吻合)。 二、词汇单选: 1. 答案:B(complain)。顾客对服务不满应用 complain about;respond 是"回应",threaten 是"威胁",tend 是"倾向",均不符合"抱怨服务"的语境。 2. 答案:C(threatened)。threaten to do 是固定搭配,意为"威胁要做某事";语境为"威胁要解雇任何人",选 threatened。responded 和 complained 后不直接接 to do(需加 about/to),tended 虽接 to do 但意为"倾向于",与"威胁"语义不符。 三、语篇语法填空: 1. dilemma(moral dilemma 是本单元主题词;空格前有 a,填名词单数)。 2. tended to tell(tend to do 固定搭配;叙述过去的事,用 tended;后接 to tell)。 3. responded(respond to 固定搭配;叙述过去的事,用过去式 responded)。 4. threatened(threaten to do 固定搭配;叙述过去的事,用过去式 threatened)。 5. complain(didn't 后接动词原形;complain 为动词原形,符合"没有抱怨"的语境)。 Part 7 本讲收束:带走清单 【本讲自检清单】 ① 道德困境 ≠ 困难:判断标准是"二选一" + "任一选择都牺牲某种价值"。 ② 听出倾向三信号:转折词(but/however)后是真态度;情态词(would/should)表倾向;犹豫词(well/it depends)是"权衡后给答案"的前奏。 ③ 两个陷阱要记住:it depends 后接了明确标准就不再是"不确定";would rather 表"宁愿"的倾向,不是"计划/行动"。 【迁移一步】 把"听倾向"的三信号反向用于口语表达:表达自己的道德选择时,也用 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第1讲 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues(听说-道德困境听力解码)-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第三册(教师版+学生版)
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【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第1讲 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues(听说-道德困境听力解码)-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第三册(教师版+学生版)
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【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第1讲 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues(听说-道德困境听力解码)-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第三册(教师版+学生版)
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