专题05 Unit 5 Poems-【语境大串记】 词汇语境串记单元学案-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

该高中英语学案以“诗歌主题词汇的语境化学习与综合运用”为核心，通过“语境串记-词形转变-梯度练习-关联拓展-完整词汇表-顽固词库”的递进式设计，构建从词汇输入到综合应用的完整学习路径，体现知识建构的系统性和连贯性。 亮点在于创设“诗歌俱乐部”情境进行语境串记，结合英汉双语对照帮助学生在真实语境中理解词汇，培养语言能力。梯度练习涵盖多题型复现，促进思维品质提升，“顽固词库”助力个性化巩固，培养学习能力。为学生单元复习提供分层支持，为教师教学提供清晰指导。

专题05 第五单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（人教版2019） （ 知识点来源： 选择性必修三 Unit 5 Poems ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 3 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 3 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 7 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 5 Poems，共68词） 9 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 12 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） The Beauty of Poetry Last term, my friend Lucy and I joined the school's poetry club, and it opened a new world of literary beauty. Our teacher said poetry is like a small drama in which every word plays a part. Poems are full of rich imagery and can express deep sorrow as well as joy. We learned about the haiku with seventeen syllables, the cinquain with five lines, and the sonnet with fourteen. Every poem has its own rhythm and rhyme, which make the lines flow like music. We also enjoyed nursery songs and old folk songs, and a nursery rhyme about a mockingbird and a brass bell became my favourite. The teacher asked us to write our own poems, and I found that the right format can change the feeling of a poem. A poem about a butterfly on a green lawn can be full of light, while one about a dewdrop at dawn can be quiet and delicate. Even a poem about a billy goat or a bull can be fun, and a diamond of words can shine like a jewel. My friend Lucy wrote about a busy bee and a field of clover, and the teacher praised her words. We practised how to recite poems and how to tease our friends with funny verses. Even an amateur poet can write a touching poem, which can be made up of a few words or many long lines. The key lesson was that a poem should express the writer's true mood. Later, we studied blank verse and prose poetry, and we learned that poetry can be written in many versions and styles. We read great poets and learned how the era of a poet shapes his voice. Some poems are full of grief, while a good poem can express deep sympathy and make the reader feel sympathetic. The teacher showed us how to polish our lines and choose the right string of words. A poem about a cherry tree in full blossom can be as beautiful as a painting, and a cherry blossom in the wind can tell a whole story. We compared the respective styles of Chinese and English poetry and practised each form respectively. We learned that a verse can stand alone, that the dominant feeling comes from experience, and that a poem seems to await the right reader. Some poems revolve around one image, and a good poem can utter feelings hard to say in ordinary words. At the end of the term, the club held a poetry contest, and every member had to finish a poem before the deadline. I wrote about my grandmother, a simple civilian who lived through difficult times. Her story was not complicated, but full of innocence and quiet courage, and her innocent smile reminded me of hope. I wrote about the seeds she used to sow, the barren fields of old days, and how every seed grew into a plant. Her letters to my grandfather were a form of correspondence, and their feelings seemed to correspond to my wishes. I worked on the poem wherever I went and avoided any racial prejudice. On the contest day, the judges praised my comprehension of poetry, and my poem was placed on the top shelf of the library. The teacher wrote that the core of poetry lies in the heart, and its beauty comes from rich variation in rhythm. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 上学期，我和朋友露西加入了学校的诗歌俱乐部，它为我们打开了一个文学(literary)之美的新世界。老师教导我们，诗歌就像一出小戏剧(drama)，其中的每一个词都扮演着角色。诗歌充满丰富的意象(imagery)，既能表达深深的悲伤(sorrow)，也能表达巨大的喜悦。我们学习了不同的形式：十七个音节(syllable)的俳句(haiku)、五行诗(cinquain)，以及著名的十四行诗(sonnet)。每首诗都有自己的节奏(rhythm)和韵律(rhyme)，这两大要素使诗句像音乐一样流淌。我们还欣赏了简单的幼儿(nursery)歌曲和古老的民间(folk)歌曲，它们往往是孩子们最早听到的诗歌。一首关于嘲鸫(mockingbird)和闪亮的黄铜(brass)铃铛的童谣(nursery rhyme)成了我最喜欢的诗。 老师让我们自己写诗，我发现合适的格式(format)能完全改变一首诗的感觉。一首关于绿色草坪(lawn)上蝴蝶(butterfly)的诗可以充满光与色彩，而一首关于黎明(dawn)时一滴露珠(dewdrop)的诗则可以宁静而精致(delicate)。我们懂得了，词语组成的简单钻石(diamond)也能像宝石一样闪耀，即使是一首关于农场里的公山羊(billy goat)或公牛(bull)的诗也能充满趣味。我的朋友露西写了一首关于忙碌蜜蜂(bee)和三叶草(clover)田野的诗，老师称赞了她的优美词句。我们还练习如何富有感情地背诵(recite)诗歌，以及如何用有趣的诗句友善地取笑(tease)朋友。即使是业余(amateur)诗人，只要感情真挚，也能写出感人的诗；一首诗可以由(be made up of ...)寥寥数语组成，也可以由许多长句组成。最重要的是，诗歌应该表达作者真实的心情(mood)和心声。 后来，我们学习了更严肃的诗歌，了解了无韵(blank)诗和散文(prose)诗，并发现诗歌可以有许多版本(version)和风格。我们阅读了过去的伟大诗人，懂得了诗人所处的时代(era)如何塑造他或她的声音。有些诗充满悲伤(grief)，另一些则轻松活泼，一首好诗能表达对他人的深深同情(sympathy)，让读者对诗中人物产生同情(sympathetic)之心。老师教我们一遍又一遍地润色(polish)诗句，选择恰当的词语细线(string)，就像音乐家挑选乐器的琴弦一样。一首描写盛开(blossom)的樱桃(cherry)树的诗可以美如画卷，而一片在风中飘落的樱花(cherry blossom)则可以讲述关于美与变迁的完整故事。我们比较了中国诗歌和英国诗歌各自(respective)的风格，并在老师帮助下分别(respectively)练习每一种形式。我们懂得了，诗节(verse)可以独立存在，也可以成为长诗的一部分；一首诗中占支配(dominant)地位的情感往往来自个人经历；美丽的诗似乎在等待(await)合适读者在合适的时刻到来。有些诗围绕(revolve)着单一意象展开，如月亮或大海；一首好诗能说出(utter)用平常话语难以表达的情感。 学期末，俱乐部举办了一场诗歌比赛(contest)，每个成员都必须在截止日期(deadline)前完成一首诗。我决定写我的祖母，一位经历过艰难岁月的普通平民(civilian)。她的故事一点也不复杂(complicated)，却充满天真(innocence)和安静的力量，她天真无邪(innocent)的微笑让我想起希望的力量。我写她春天播(sow)下的种子，写往昔贫瘠(barren)的田野，以及每一粒种子(seed)在她细心照料下如何长成植物。她写给祖父的信是一种通信联系(correspondence)，让他们的爱延续下去，信中的情感似乎与(correspond)我内心最深的愿望相契合。无论走到哪里(wherever)，我都在推敲这首诗，并努力避免任何种族(racial)偏见(prejudice)或不公的想法。比赛当天，评委称赞我对诗歌的理解力(comprehension)和诚实，获奖的诗被放在俱乐部图书馆最高的架子(shelf)上。老师写道，诗歌的核心(core)在于心灵而非难懂的词句，诗歌真正的美来自其节奏与情感丰富的变化(variation)。我的诗打动了众多读者的心，我终于觉得自己真正理解了诗歌的灵魂。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 drama n.戏剧 dramatic (adj.) 戏剧性的；dramatist (n.) 剧作家；dramatically (adv.) 戏剧性地 2 sorrow n.悲伤 sorrowful (adj.) 悲伤的；sorrowfully (adv.) 悲伤地 3 rhyme n.押韵词 rhymed (过去式)；rhyming (现在分词)；rhymester (n.) 打油诗人 4 rhythm n.节奏 rhythmic (adj.) 有节奏的；rhythmically (adv.) 有节奏地 5 recite vt.背诵 recitation (n.) 背诵；reciting (现在分词)；recited (过去式) 6 mood n.情绪 moody (adj.) 情绪多变的；moodily (adv.) 情绪多变地 7 tease v.取笑 teasing (adj.) 逗弄的；teased (过去式)；teasingly (adv.) 逗弄地 8 delicate adj.精致的 delicacy (n.) 精致；delicately (adv.) 精致地 9 comprehension n.理解力 comprehend (v.) 理解；comprehensive (adj.) 全面的；comprehending (现在分词) 10 innocence n.天真 innocent (adj.) 天真无邪的；innocently (adv.) 天真地 11 correspondence n.通信联系 correspond (vi.) 相一致；corresponding (adj.) 相应的；correspondent (n.) 通信者 12 dominant adj.占支配地位的 dominate (v.) 支配；dominance (n.) 支配；dominated (过去式) 13 sympathy n.同情 sympathetic (adj.) 有同情心的；sympathise (vi.) 同情；sympathetically (adv.) 同情地 14 variation n.变化 vary (v.) 变化；various (adj.) 各种各样的；variable (adj.) 多变的 15 prejudice n.偏见 prejudiced (adj.) 有偏见的；prejudicial (adj.) 有害的 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（30题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 第 1 / 12 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（20个） 1. drama → __________ 2. sorrow → __________ 3. imagery → __________ 4. literary → __________ 5. rhyme → __________ 6. rhythm → __________ 7. recite → __________ 8. mood → __________ 9. tease → __________ 10. delicate → __________ 11. comprehension → __________ 12. innocence → __________ 13. correspondence → __________ 14. dominant → __________ 15. sympathy → __________ 16. variation → __________ 17. prejudice → __________ 18. verse → __________ 19. blossom → __________ 20. prose → __________ 子题B：中译英（10个） 1. 俳句 → __________ 2. 音节 → __________ 3. 蝴蝶 → __________ 4. 黎明 → __________ 5. 蜜蜂 → __________ 6. 草坪 → __________ 7. 种子 → __________ 8. 截止日期 → __________ 9. 比赛 → __________ 10. 核心 → __________ 题型2：词形变换（15题） 1. The school play was so exciting that many students joined the __________ (drama) club to learn acting skills. 2. The old poet wrote about the __________ (sorrow) memories of war in a gentle and quiet voice. 3. The teacher asked us to practise the __________ (rhyme) words of the poem again and again until we remembered them. 4. The music of the poem was so beautiful that we could feel its __________ (rhythm) beat in our hearts. 5. The young student won the first prize for his wonderful __________ (recite) of the famous poem at the school meeting. 6. The weather changes so often that it makes me feel quite __________ (mood) these days. 7. The little boy loves __________ (tease) his sister, but he always makes her laugh in the end. 8. The silk flower was made with great __________ (delicate), and every petal looked almost real. 9. Reading many kinds of books can help you __________ (comprehension) the world better. 10. The __________ (innocence) smile of the little girl made everyone in the room feel warm and happy. 11. The two friends decided to __________ (correspondence) with each other regularly after they moved to far-away different cities many years ago. 12. The feeling of deep love __________ (dominant) his poem from start to end, and every reader was deeply moved by it. 13. The kind teacher __________ (sympathy) with the sad student at once and comforted her patiently with her own gentle words. 14. The poem has many beautiful __________ (variation) in rhythm, which make it sound like flowing music. 15. We must never be __________ (prejudice) against a person just because of his or her appearance in our daily life. 题型3：短语填空（3题） 从方框中选择短语，用正确形式填空： nursery rhyme；be made up of ...；cherry blossom 1. The old song is a famous __________ that my grandmother used to sing to me when I was a small child. 2. A simple poem can __________ just a few beautiful words that touch the reader's heart deeply. 3. In spring, the __________ falls from the trees like pink snow and covers the ground with beauty. 题型4：完成句子（10题） 1. 诗歌像一出小戏剧，充满丰富的意象，既能表达悲伤，也能表达喜悦。 Poetry is like a small __________, full of rich __________, and it can express both deep __________ and great joy. 2. 每首诗都有自己独特的节奏和韵律，使诗句像音乐一样流淌。 Every poem has its own special __________ and __________, which make the lines flow like beautiful music in the reader's ears. 3. 即使是一位业余诗人，只要感情真挚，也能写出打动读者心灵的诗。 Even an __________ poet can write a __________ poem if the feeling is true and comes from the heart of the writer. 4. 这首关于黎明时露珠的诗宁静而精致，读起来令人心情愉悦。 The poem about a __________ at __________ is quiet and __________, and it makes the reader feel happy and peaceful inside. 5. 老师教我们反复润色诗句，并选择恰当的词语来表达真实的心情。 The teacher taught us to __________ our lines again and again and to choose the right words to express our true __________ and inner feelings. 6. 一首好诗能表达对他人的同情，让读者对诗中人物产生共鸣。 A good poem can express deep __________ for others and make the reader feel __________ towards the characters in the story. 7. 我们比较了中国和英国诗歌各自不同的风格，并分别练习每一种形式。 We carefully compared the __________ styles of Chinese and English poetry, and we carefully practised each form __________ in class. 8. 祖母春天在贫瘠的田野里播下种子，每一粒种子都长成了植物。 My dear grandmother used to __________ seeds in the __________ fields every spring, and every little __________ grew into a strong plant. 9. 这封信是她与祖父之间的通信联系，其中的情感与他内心的愿望相契合。 The old letter was a form of __________ between her and my grandfather, and the feelings seemed to __________ his deepest wishes. 10. 我们应避免任何种族偏见，因为每个人的诗歌都值得公平的欣赏。 We should always avoid any __________ prejudice in our poems, because such __________ is unfair and harmful to other people in society. 题型5：句型同义转换：用本单元单词或短语作答 1. The teacher asked us to read the poem aloud from memory in class. → The teacher asked us to __________ the poem in class. 2. The sad music of the poem touched the hearts of all the listeners. → The __________ in the poem touched the hearts of all the listeners. 3. The little girl's face showed her pure and simple nature. → The little girl's face showed her __________. 4. The two poems have the same theme, but their styles are different from each other. → The two poems have the same theme but different styles __________. 5. The poet kept changing and improving his work until the last minute. → The poet kept __________ his work until the last minute. 题型6：单句语法填空（10题） 1. The poem __________ (write) by a young girl and it won the first prize in the contest. 2. The students enjoy __________ (read) poems by the great poets in the library. 3. She is __________ (interest) in writing haiku poems about nature and seasons. 4. This poem is much __________ (long) than the one we learned last week. 5. One of the most beautiful __________ (poem) in the book is about the spring rain. 6. The teacher asked us __________ (memorise) the new words before the class began. 7. The poet stopped __________ (watch) the falling cherry blossoms for a long time. 8. Since last year, she __________ (write) more than fifty short poems in her notebook. 9. The winning poem __________ (choose) by the judges after a long discussion yesterday. 10. The more you read, the __________ (good) your writing will become. 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） Last spring, our school held a poetry contest, and every student was invited to take part in it. My classmate Tom, who had never written a poem before, decided to try his luck. At first he had no idea what to write, so he visited the school library and read many famous poems to find inspiration. He learned that a poem can be long or short, and that every poem has its own special rhythm and rhyme. He was especially fond of the haiku, a very short form of Japanese poetry, because it uses just a few simple words to create a beautiful picture in the reader's mind. He also learned that some poems tell long stories while others describe a single moment of beauty. Tom wanted to write about his grandmother, who lived in a small village and loved her garden very much. He remembered how she used to wake up early at dawn to water the flowers, and how the old woman used to sing soft songs while working in the garden. and how the bright blossoms of the cherry trees shone in the morning sun. He wrote about a busy bee flying from flower to flower and a light butterfly dancing over the green lawn. The poem was full of rich imagery, and every line seemed to paint a picture with words. However, writing a good poem was not easy, and Tom had to polish his lines many times before he was satisfied. As the deadline drew near, Tom began to feel nervous, because he still wanted to change many parts of his work. His teacher gave him some useful advice: a poem should express the writer's true feelings, and a good verse can come from the simplest moments of daily life. With these words in mind, Tom rewrote the poem one more time, and he tried his best to express his deep sympathy and love for his grandmother. He wrote the poem again and again until every word sounded right to his ears. He also learned to avoid unnecessary words, so that every sentence would be clear and direct. On the day of the contest, Tom recited his poem in front of the whole school. His voice was full of feeling, and the listeners were deeply moved by his honest words. To his great surprise, his poem won the first prize, and his poem was soon placed on the top shelf of the school library. Tom learned that poetry is not about difficult words but about true feelings, and that anyone who loves life can become a poet. He decided to keep writing and to share the beauty of poetry with more people in the future. 1. What did Tom do at first when he had no idea what to write? A. He gave up writing completely. B. He visited the school library and read many famous poems. C. He asked his grandmother to write for him. D. He copied a poem from a book. 2. What does the underlined word "verse" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. A kind of food. B. A line or group of lines in a poem. C. A type of tree. D. A musical instrument. 3. What can we infer about Tom from the passage? A. He was not interested in poems at all. B. He worked hard and improved his poem through practice. C. He copied his grandmother's letters. D. He won the prize by accident without any effort. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to grow cherry trees in a garden. B. A student's first experience of writing a poem and winning a contest. C. Why the school library is a quiet place. D. How to choose a good haiku to read. 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：Poems） 类别 词汇 同义词 / 近义 相关词 / 话题 行为动词 描述词 短语 / 搭配 B. 易混词辨析（4组，每组3小题） 第1组：rhyme / rhythm / rhyming (1) The last words of the two lines __________ (押韵), so the poem sounds very pleasant to read. (2) The dancer moved her body to the fast __________ (节奏) of the music. (3) The teacher asked us to find the __________ (押韵的) words in the nursery rhyme. 第2组：sorrow / sorrowful / sorrowfully (1) The poem expresses the poet's deep __________ (悲伤) for his lost friends. (2) She wrote a __________ (悲伤的) letter to her friend who had moved far away. (3) The old man looked at the old photo __________ (悲伤地) and said nothing. 第3组：innocence / innocent / innocently (1) The little girl's __________ (天真) made everyone smile with joy. (2) The __________ (天真无邪的) child believed every word of the fairy tale. (3) The boy asked __________ (天真地) why the moon followed him when he walked. 第4组：sympathy / sympathetic / sympathise (1) The kind teacher showed great __________ (同情) for the sad student and helped her with homework. (2) He was very __________ (有同情心的) and often gave his lunch to the hungry street dog. (3) We should __________ (同情) with people who are going through hard times. C. 跨单元微循环（15题，复习 选择性必修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 词汇（教学进度的上一单元）） 1. The brave explorer showed great __________ (毅力) and never gave up even when the stormy sea was full of danger and fear. 2. The leader refused to __________ (抛弃) his men on the frozen ice, and he stayed with them on the ice until the very end. 3. The young man was full of __________ (精力) and energy, and he worked very hard on the ship every single day without rest. 4. Before the storm came, the captain made a firm __________ (决心) to save every single man on the ship without fail at all. 5. The famous and experienced __________ (领航员) guided the small wooden boat safely across the stormy sea to the far island late at night. 6. The tired men tried to __________ (生火) with wet wood, and the small bright flames finally gave off enough heat to warm their cold hands. 7. Life on the frozen sea was extremely __________ (痛苦的), but the brave and strong men never lost hope of being rescued at last. 8. The terrible ice __________ (压坏) the ship completely, and the whole crew had to leave it behind at once without any delay. 9. The brave sailors always stayed __________ (忠诚的) to their leader and followed his wise orders even in the darkest and coldest days. 10. Every man showed his deep __________ (奉献) to the team, and they finally survived the terrible cold winter together in the end. 11. After the long voyage, the young sailor received his first __________ (工资) and bought some warm gifts for his whole family at the market. 12. The brave leader chose the strongest men for the dangerous task and gave them very careful and patient __________ (指导) at every step. 13. The whole __________ (经历) of the long and difficult expedition became a truly famous and moving story of courage and lasting friendship. 14. The terrible __________ (逆境) on the frozen sea tested the courage of every single brave and strong man on the whole team. 15. The leader was deeply impressed by the young man, who was very __________ (热情的) about the difficult journey and accepted him as a member of the team. 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 5 Poems，共68词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 drama n. 戏；剧；戏剧艺术 2 sorrow n.&vi. 悲伤；悲痛；感到悲伤 3 imagery n. 形象的描述；意象 4 literary adj. 文学的；爱好文学的 5 rhyme n.&v. 押韵词；押韵诗；使押韵 6 rhythm n. 节奏；韵律；规律 7 nursery adj.&n. 幼儿教育的；托儿所 8 nursery rhyme 童谣；儿歌 9 folk adj. 民间的；民俗的 10 mockingbird n. 嘲鸫(美洲鸣禽) 11 diamond n. 钻石；金刚石；菱形 12 brass n. 黄铜；黄铜制品；铜管乐器 13 billy goat n. 公山羊 14 bull n. 公牛 15 recite vt. 背诵；吟诵；列举 16 bee n. 蜜蜂 17 dewdrop n. 露珠；水珠 18 dawn n. 黎明；开端；萌芽 19 clover n. 三叶草 20 butterfly n. 蝴蝶 21 lawn n. 草坪,草地 22 amateur n.&adj. 业余爱好者；业余的 23 cinquain n. 五行诗 24 be made up of ... 组成(构成) 25 mood n. 情绪；心情；语气 26 tease v. 取笑(某人)；揶揄；逗弄 27 haiku n. 俳句 28 syllable n. 音节 29 format n.&vt. 格式；总体安排；格式化 30 respectively adv. 分别；各自；依次为 31 respective adj. 分别的；各自的 32 blossom n. 花朵；花簇 33 delicate adj. 精美的；精致的；脆弱的 34 await vt. 等候；期待；将发生在 35 revolve vi. 旋转；环绕；转动 36 utter vt.&adj. 出声；说；讲；完全的 37 comprehension n. 理解力；领悟力；理解练习 38 shelf n. 架子；搁板 39 core n. 核心；精髓；(水果的)核儿 40 cherry n.&adj. 樱桃；樱桃树；樱桃色的 41 cherry blossom 樱花 42 blank adj.&n. 空白的；无图画；空白 43 verse n. 诗；韵文；诗节 44 civilian n. 平民；老百姓 45 prose n. 散文 46 sympathetic adj. 同情的；有同情心的 47 sympathy n. 同情；赞同 48 version n. 版本；(不同角度的)说法 49 innocence n. 天真；单纯；无罪 50 innocent adj. 天真无邪的；无辜的 51 era n. 时代；年代；纪元 52 correspondence n. 来往信件；通信联系 53 correspond vi. 相一致；符合；相当于 54 sow vt.&vi. 播种；种 55 seed n. 种子；起源；萌芽 56 dominant adj. 首要的；占支配地位的 57 sonnet n. 十四行诗 58 deadline n. 最后期限；截止日期 59 contest n.&vt. 比赛；竞赛；争取赢得 60 polish vt.&n. 修改；润色；上光剂 61 string n.&vt. 细绳；线；悬挂；系 62 wherever conj.&adv. 在任何地方；在哪里 63 barren adj. 贫瘠的；不结果实的 64 grief n. 悲伤；悲痛；伤心事 65 complicated adj. 复杂的；难懂的 66 variation n. 变化；变体；变奏曲 67 racial adj. 种族的；人种的 68 prejudice n.&vt. 偏见；成见；使怀有偏见 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $专题05 第五单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（人教版2019） （ 知识点来源： 选择性必修三 Unit 5 Poems ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 3 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 3 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 11 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 5 Poems，共68词） 15 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 17 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） The Beauty of Poetry Last term, my friend Lucy and I joined the school's poetry club, and it opened a new world of literary beauty. Our teacher said poetry is like a small drama in which every word plays a part. Poems are full of rich imagery and can express deep sorrow as well as joy. We learned about the haiku with seventeen syllables, the cinquain with five lines, and the sonnet with fourteen. Every poem has its own rhythm and rhyme, which make the lines flow like music. We also enjoyed nursery songs and old folk songs, and a nursery rhyme about a mockingbird and a brass bell became my favourite. The teacher asked us to write our own poems, and I found that the right format can change the feeling of a poem. A poem about a butterfly on a green lawn can be full of light, while one about a dewdrop at dawn can be quiet and delicate. Even a poem about a billy goat or a bull can be fun, and a diamond of words can shine like a jewel. My friend Lucy wrote about a busy bee and a field of clover, and the teacher praised her words. We practised how to recite poems and how to tease our friends with funny verses. Even an amateur poet can write a touching poem, which can be made up of a few words or many long lines. The key lesson was that a poem should express the writer's true mood. Later, we studied blank verse and prose poetry, and we learned that poetry can be written in many versions and styles. We read great poets and learned how the era of a poet shapes his voice. Some poems are full of grief, while a good poem can express deep sympathy and make the reader feel sympathetic. The teacher showed us how to polish our lines and choose the right string of words. A poem about a cherry tree in full blossom can be as beautiful as a painting, and a cherry blossom in the wind can tell a whole story. We compared the respective styles of Chinese and English poetry and practised each form respectively. We learned that a verse can stand alone, that the dominant feeling comes from experience, and that a poem seems to await the right reader. Some poems revolve around one image, and a good poem can utter feelings hard to say in ordinary words. At the end of the term, the club held a poetry contest, and every member had to finish a poem before the deadline. I wrote about my grandmother, a simple civilian who lived through difficult times. Her story was not complicated, but full of innocence and quiet courage, and her innocent smile reminded me of hope. I wrote about the seeds she used to sow, the barren fields of old days, and how every seed grew into a plant. Her letters to my grandfather were a form of correspondence, and their feelings seemed to correspond to my wishes. I worked on the poem wherever I went and avoided any racial prejudice. On the contest day, the judges praised my comprehension of poetry, and my poem was placed on the top shelf of the library. The teacher wrote that the core of poetry lies in the heart, and its beauty comes from rich variation in rhythm. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 上学期，我和朋友露西加入了学校的诗歌俱乐部，它为我们打开了一个文学(literary)之美的新世界。老师教导我们，诗歌就像一出小戏剧(drama)，其中的每一个词都扮演着角色。诗歌充满丰富的意象(imagery)，既能表达深深的悲伤(sorrow)，也能表达巨大的喜悦。我们学习了不同的形式：十七个音节(syllable)的俳句(haiku)、五行诗(cinquain)，以及著名的十四行诗(sonnet)。每首诗都有自己的节奏(rhythm)和韵律(rhyme)，这两大要素使诗句像音乐一样流淌。我们还欣赏了简单的幼儿(nursery)歌曲和古老的民间(folk)歌曲，它们往往是孩子们最早听到的诗歌。一首关于嘲鸫(mockingbird)和闪亮的黄铜(brass)铃铛的童谣(nursery rhyme)成了我最喜欢的诗。 老师让我们自己写诗，我发现合适的格式(format)能完全改变一首诗的感觉。一首关于绿色草坪(lawn)上蝴蝶(butterfly)的诗可以充满光与色彩，而一首关于黎明(dawn)时一滴露珠(dewdrop)的诗则可以宁静而精致(delicate)。我们懂得了，词语组成的简单钻石(diamond)也能像宝石一样闪耀，即使是一首关于农场里的公山羊(billy goat)或公牛(bull)的诗也能充满趣味。我的朋友露西写了一首关于忙碌蜜蜂(bee)和三叶草(clover)田野的诗，老师称赞了她的优美词句。我们还练习如何富有感情地背诵(recite)诗歌，以及如何用有趣的诗句友善地取笑(tease)朋友。即使是业余(amateur)诗人，只要感情真挚，也能写出感人的诗；一首诗可以由(be made up of ...)寥寥数语组成，也可以由许多长句组成。最重要的是，诗歌应该表达作者真实的心情(mood)和心声。 后来，我们学习了更严肃的诗歌，了解了无韵(blank)诗和散文(prose)诗，并发现诗歌可以有许多版本(version)和风格。我们阅读了过去的伟大诗人，懂得了诗人所处的时代(era)如何塑造他或她的声音。有些诗充满悲伤(grief)，另一些则轻松活泼，一首好诗能表达对他人的深深同情(sympathy)，让读者对诗中人物产生同情(sympathetic)之心。老师教我们一遍又一遍地润色(polish)诗句，选择恰当的词语细线(string)，就像音乐家挑选乐器的琴弦一样。一首描写盛开(blossom)的樱桃(cherry)树的诗可以美如画卷，而一片在风中飘落的樱花(cherry blossom)则可以讲述关于美与变迁的完整故事。我们比较了中国诗歌和英国诗歌各自(respective)的风格，并在老师帮助下分别(respectively)练习每一种形式。我们懂得了，诗节(verse)可以独立存在，也可以成为长诗的一部分；一首诗中占支配(dominant)地位的情感往往来自个人经历；美丽的诗似乎在等待(await)合适读者在合适的时刻到来。有些诗围绕(revolve)着单一意象展开，如月亮或大海；一首好诗能说出(utter)用平常话语难以表达的情感。 学期末，俱乐部举办了一场诗歌比赛(contest)，每个成员都必须在截止日期(deadline)前完成一首诗。我决定写我的祖母，一位经历过艰难岁月的普通平民(civilian)。她的故事一点也不复杂(complicated)，却充满天真(innocence)和安静的力量，她天真无邪(innocent)的微笑让我想起希望的力量。我写她春天播(sow)下的种子，写往昔贫瘠(barren)的田野，以及每一粒种子(seed)在她细心照料下如何长成植物。她写给祖父的信是一种通信联系(correspondence)，让他们的爱延续下去，信中的情感似乎与(correspond)我内心最深的愿望相契合。无论走到哪里(wherever)，我都在推敲这首诗，并努力避免任何种族(racial)偏见(prejudice)或不公的想法。比赛当天，评委称赞我对诗歌的理解力(comprehension)和诚实，获奖的诗被放在俱乐部图书馆最高的架子(shelf)上。老师写道，诗歌的核心(core)在于心灵而非难懂的词句，诗歌真正的美来自其节奏与情感丰富的变化(variation)。我的诗打动了众多读者的心，我终于觉得自己真正理解了诗歌的灵魂。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 drama n.戏剧 dramatic (adj.) 戏剧性的；dramatist (n.) 剧作家；dramatically (adv.) 戏剧性地 2 sorrow n.悲伤 sorrowful (adj.) 悲伤的；sorrowfully (adv.) 悲伤地 3 rhyme n.押韵词 rhymed (过去式)；rhyming (现在分词)；rhymester (n.) 打油诗人 4 rhythm n.节奏 rhythmic (adj.) 有节奏的；rhythmically (adv.) 有节奏地 5 recite vt.背诵 recitation (n.) 背诵；reciting (现在分词)；recited (过去式) 6 mood n.情绪 moody (adj.) 情绪多变的；moodily (adv.) 情绪多变地 7 tease v.取笑 teasing (adj.) 逗弄的；teased (过去式)；teasingly (adv.) 逗弄地 8 delicate adj.精致的 delicacy (n.) 精致；delicately (adv.) 精致地 9 comprehension n.理解力 comprehend (v.) 理解；comprehensive (adj.) 全面的；comprehending (现在分词) 10 innocence n.天真 innocent (adj.) 天真无邪的；innocently (adv.) 天真地 11 correspondence n.通信联系 correspond (vi.) 相一致；corresponding (adj.) 相应的；correspondent (n.) 通信者 12 dominant adj.占支配地位的 dominate (v.) 支配；dominance (n.) 支配；dominated (过去式) 13 sympathy n.同情 sympathetic (adj.) 有同情心的；sympathise (vi.) 同情；sympathetically (adv.) 同情地 14 variation n.变化 vary (v.) 变化；various (adj.) 各种各样的；variable (adj.) 多变的 15 prejudice n.偏见 prejudiced (adj.) 有偏见的；prejudicial (adj.) 有害的 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（30题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 第 6 / 17 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（20个） 1. drama → __________ 2. sorrow → __________ 3. imagery → __________ 4. literary → __________ 5. rhyme → __________ 6. rhythm → __________ 7. recite → __________ 8. mood → __________ 9. tease → __________ 10. delicate → __________ 11. comprehension → __________ 12. innocence → __________ 13. correspondence → __________ 14. dominant → __________ 15. sympathy → __________ 16. variation → __________ 17. prejudice → __________ 18. verse → __________ 19. blossom → __________ 20. prose → __________ 子题B：中译英（10个） 1. 俳句 → __________ 2. 音节 → __________ 3. 蝴蝶 → __________ 4. 黎明 → __________ 5. 蜜蜂 → __________ 6. 草坪 → __________ 7. 种子 → __________ 8. 截止日期 → __________ 9. 比赛 → __________ 10. 核心 → __________ 【答案与解析】 子题A（英译中）： 1. drama — 戏剧 2. sorrow — 悲伤 3. imagery — 意象 4. literary — 文学的 5. rhyme — 押韵词 6. rhythm — 节奏 7. recite — 背诵 8. mood — 情绪 9. tease — 取笑 10. delicate — 精致的 11. comprehension — 理解力 12. innocence — 天真 13. correspondence — 通信联系 14. dominant — 占支配地位的 15. sympathy — 同情 16. variation — 变化 17. prejudice — 偏见 18. verse — 诗节 19. blossom — 花朵 20. prose — 散文 子题B（中译英）： 1. haiku 2. syllable 3. butterfly 4. dawn 5. bee 6. lawn 7. seed 8. deadline 9. contest 10. core 题型2：词形变换（15题） 1. The school play was so exciting that many students joined the __________ (drama) club to learn acting skills. 答案： dramatic 解析：句意： 学校的戏剧表演如此精彩，许多学生加入了戏剧俱乐部学习表演技巧；drama 的形容词 dramatic 表示"戏剧性的；引人注目的"。 2. The old poet wrote about the __________ (sorrow) memories of war in a gentle and quiet voice. 答案： sorrowful 解析：句意： 老诗人用温柔安静的声音写下战争带来的悲伤记忆；sorrow 的形容词 sorrowful 表示"悲伤的"，修饰 memories。 3. The teacher asked us to practise the __________ (rhyme) words of the poem again and again until we remembered them. 答案： rhyming 解析：句意： 老师让我们反复练习这首诗的押韵词，直到记住为止；rhyme 的现在分词 rhyming 作形容词表示"押韵的"，修饰 words。 4. The music of the poem was so beautiful that we could feel its __________ (rhythm) beat in our hearts. 答案： rhythmic 解析：句意： 这首诗的音乐性如此之美，我们能感到它在心中富有节奏的跳动；rhythm 的形容词 rhythmic 表示"有节奏的"，修饰 beat。 5. The young student won the first prize for his wonderful __________ (recite) of the famous poem at the school meeting. 答案： recitation 解析：句意： 这位年轻学生在校会上精彩地背诵了那首名诗，赢得了一等奖；recite 的名词 recitation 表示"背诵"，作宾语。 6. The weather changes so often that it makes me feel quite __________ (mood) these days. 答案： moody 解析：句意： 天气变化如此频繁，这些天让我情绪很不稳定；mood 的形容词 moody 表示"情绪多变的"，作表语。 7. The little boy loves __________ (tease) his sister, but he always makes her laugh in the end. 答案： teasing 解析：句意： 小男孩喜欢逗弄姐姐，但最后总是把她逗笑；tease 的动名词 teasing 表示"逗弄"，love doing sth.。 8. The silk flower was made with great __________ (delicate), and every petal looked almost real. 答案： delicacy 解析：句意： 这朵丝绸花制作得十分精致，每一片花瓣看起来都几乎是真的；delicate 的名词 delicacy 表示"精致；精美"，with delicacy 为搭配。 9. Reading many kinds of books can help you __________ (comprehension) the world better. 答案： comprehend 解析：句意： 阅读多种书籍能帮助你更好地理解世界；comprehension 的动词 comprehend 表示"理解"，help sb. do 后用原形。 10. The __________ (innocence) smile of the little girl made everyone in the room feel warm and happy. 答案： innocent 解析：句意： 小女孩天真无邪的微笑让房间里每个人都感到温暖和快乐；innocence 的形容词 innocent 表示"天真无邪的"，修饰 smile。 11. The two friends decided to __________ (correspondence) with each other regularly after they moved to far-away different cities many years ago. 答案： correspond 解析：句意： 多年前搬到遥远的城市后，两个朋友决定定期互相通信；correspondence 的动词 correspond 表示"通信；相一致"，decide to do 后用原形。 12. The feeling of deep love __________ (dominant) his poem from start to end, and every reader was deeply moved by it. 答案： dominates 解析：句意： 深沉的爱从始至终支配着他的诗，每一位读者都被深深打动；dominant 的动词 dominate 表示"支配"，主语为第三人称单数，用 dominates。 13. The kind teacher __________ (sympathy) with the sad student at once and comforted her patiently with her own gentle words. 答案： sympathised 解析：句意： 善良的老师立即同情起悲伤的学生，并用温柔的话语耐心安慰她；sympathy 的动词 sympathise 表示"同情"，sympathise with 为搭配，过去式 sympathised。 14. The poem has many beautiful __________ (variation) in rhythm, which make it sound like flowing music. 答案： variations 解析：句意： 这首诗在节奏上有很多优美的变化，使它听起来像流动的音乐；variation 表示"变化；变体"，此处用复数 variations，作宾语。 15. We must never be __________ (prejudice) against a person just because of his or her appearance in our daily life. 答案： prejudiced 解析：句意： 在日常生活中，我们绝不能仅凭外表就对人抱有偏见；prejudice 的形容词 prejudiced 表示"有偏见的"，be prejudiced against 为搭配。 题型3：短语填空（3题） 从方框中选择短语，用正确形式填空： nursery rhyme；be made up of ...；cherry blossom 1. The old song is a famous __________ that my grandmother used to sing to me when I was a small child. 答案： nursery rhyme 解析：句意： 这首老歌是一首著名的童谣，我小时候祖母常常唱给我听；nursery rhyme 表示"童谣；儿歌"。 2. A simple poem can __________ just a few beautiful words that touch the reader's heart deeply. 答案： be made up of ... 解析：句意： 一首简单的诗可以由几句触动读者心灵的优美词语组成；be made up of ... 表示"由…组成（构成）"。 3. In spring, the __________ falls from the trees like pink snow and covers the ground with beauty. 答案： cherry blossom 解析：句意： 春天，樱花从树上飘落，像粉色的雪覆盖大地，美丽动人；cherry blossom 表示"樱花"。 题型4：完成句子（10题） 1. 诗歌像一出小戏剧，充满丰富的意象，既能表达悲伤，也能表达喜悦。 Poetry is like a small __________, full of rich __________, and it can express both deep __________ and great joy. 答案： drama / imagery / sorrow 解析：句意： 诗歌像一出小戏剧，充满丰富的意象，既能表达悲伤，也能表达喜悦；drama 表示"戏剧"；imagery 表示"意象"；sorrow 表示"悲伤"。 2. 每首诗都有自己独特的节奏和韵律，使诗句像音乐一样流淌。 Every poem has its own special __________ and __________, which make the lines flow like beautiful music in the reader's ears. 答案： rhythm / rhyme 解析：句意： 每首诗都有自己独特的节奏和韵律，使诗句像音乐一样流淌；rhythm 表示"节奏"；rhyme 表示"押韵词；韵律"。 3. 即使是一位业余诗人，只要感情真挚，也能写出打动读者心灵的诗。 Even an __________ poet can write a __________ poem if the feeling is true and comes from the heart of the writer. 答案： amateur / touching 解析：句意： 即使是一位业余诗人，只要感情真挚，也能写出打动读者心灵的诗；amateur 表示"业余爱好者；业余的"。 4. 这首关于黎明时露珠的诗宁静而精致，读起来令人心情愉悦。 The poem about a __________ at __________ is quiet and __________, and it makes the reader feel happy and peaceful inside. 答案： dewdrop / dawn / delicate 解析：句意： 这首关于黎明时露珠的诗宁静而精致，读起来令人心情愉悦；dewdrop 表示"露珠"；dawn 表示"黎明"；delicate 表示"精致的"。 5. 老师教我们反复润色诗句，并选择恰当的词语来表达真实的心情。 The teacher taught us to __________ our lines again and again and to choose the right words to express our true __________ and inner feelings. 答案： polish / mood 解析：句意： 老师教我们反复润色诗句，并选择恰当的词语来表达真实的心情；polish 表示"润色"；mood 表示"情绪；心情"。 6. 一首好诗能表达对他人的同情，让读者对诗中人物产生共鸣。 A good poem can express deep __________ for others and make the reader feel __________ towards the characters in the story. 答案： sympathy / sympathetic 解析：句意： 一首好诗能表达对他人的同情，让读者对诗中人物产生共鸣；sympathy 表示"同情"；sympathetic 表示"有同情心的"。 7. 我们比较了中国和英国诗歌各自不同的风格，并分别练习每一种形式。 We carefully compared the __________ styles of Chinese and English poetry, and we carefully practised each form __________ in class. 答案： respective / respectively 解析：句意： 我们比较了中国和英国诗歌各自不同的风格，并分别练习每一种形式；respective 表示"各自的"；respectively 表示"分别地"。 8. 祖母春天在贫瘠的田野里播下种子，每一粒种子都长成了植物。 My dear grandmother used to __________ seeds in the __________ fields every spring, and every little __________ grew into a strong plant. 答案： sow / barren / seed 解析：句意： 祖母春天在贫瘠的田野里播下种子，每一粒种子都长成了植物；sow 表示"播种"；barren 表示"贫瘠的"；seed 表示"种子"。 9. 这封信是她与祖父之间的通信联系，其中的情感与他内心的愿望相契合。 The old letter was a form of __________ between her and my grandfather, and the feelings seemed to __________ his deepest wishes. 答案： correspondence / correspond to 解析：句意： 这封信是她与祖父之间的通信联系，其中的情感与他内心的愿望相契合；correspondence 表示"通信联系"；correspond 表示"相符合；相当于"。 10. 我们应避免任何种族偏见，因为每个人的诗歌都值得公平的欣赏。 We should always avoid any __________ prejudice in our poems, because such __________ is unfair and harmful to other people in society. 答案： racial / prejudice 解析：句意： 我们应避免任何种族偏见，因为每个人的诗歌都值得公平的欣赏；racial 表示"种族的"；prejudice 表示"偏见"。 题型5：句型同义转换：用本单元单词或短语作答 1. The teacher asked us to read the poem aloud from memory in class. → The teacher asked us to __________ the poem in class. 答案： recite 解析：句意： 老师让我们在课堂上背诵这首诗；recite 表示"背诵；吟诵"，替换 say aloud from memory。 2. The sad music of the poem touched the hearts of all the listeners. → The __________ in the poem touched the hearts of all the listeners. 答案： sorrow 解析：句意： 诗中的悲伤打动了所有听众的心；sorrow 表示"悲伤"，替换 sad feeling。 3. The little girl's face showed her pure and simple nature. → The little girl's face showed her __________. 答案： innocence 解析：句意： 小女孩的脸上流露出天真无邪；innocence 表示"天真；单纯"，替换 pure and simple nature。 4. The two poems have the same theme, but their styles are different from each other. → The two poems have the same theme but different styles __________. 答案： respectively 解析：句意： 这两首诗主题相同，但风格各不相同；respectively 表示"分别地；各自"。 5. The poet kept changing and improving his work until the last minute. → The poet kept __________ his work until the last minute. 答案： polishing 解析：句意： 诗人一直润色修改自己的作品直到最后一刻；polish 表示"修改；润色"，进行时 polishing。 题型6：单句语法填空（10题） 1. The poem __________ (write) by a young girl and it won the first prize in the contest. 答案： was written 解析：句意： 这首诗是一位年轻女孩写的，它在比赛中获得了一等奖；考查一般过去时被动语态。be written 表示"被写"。 2. The students enjoy __________ (read) poems by the great poets in the library. 答案： reading 解析：句意： 学生们喜欢在图书馆阅读伟大诗人的诗歌；考查动名词。enjoy doing sth.，read 用 reading。 3. She is __________ (interest) in writing haiku poems about nature and seasons. 答案： interested 解析：句意： 她对写关于自然和季节的俳句很感兴趣；考查形容词。be interested in 为固定搭配。 4. This poem is much __________ (long) than the one we learned last week. 答案： longer 解析：句意： 这首诗比我们上周学的那首长得多了；考查比较级。than 前用比较级 longer。 5. One of the most beautiful __________ (poem) in the book is about the spring rain. 答案： poems 解析：句意： 这本书中最美的诗之一是描写春雨的；考查名词复数。one of + 复数名词，poem 用 poems。 6. The teacher asked us __________ (memorise) the new words before the class began. 答案： to memorise 解析：句意： 老师让我们在课前记住新单词；考查不定式。ask sb. to do sth.。 7. The poet stopped __________ (watch) the falling cherry blossoms for a long time. 答案： to watch 解析：句意： 诗人停下来长时间观看飘落的樱花；考查不定式。stop to do sth. 表示"停下来去做某事"。 8. Since last year, she __________ (write) more than fifty short poems in her notebook. 答案： has written 解析：句意： 自去年以来，她已经在笔记本上写了五十多首短诗；考查现在完成时。since 提示用 has written。 9. The winning poem __________ (choose) by the judges after a long discussion yesterday. 答案： was chosen 解析：句意： 经过长时间的讨论，评委们昨天选出了获胜的诗；考查一般过去时被动语态。be chosen 表示"被选出"。 10. The more you read, the __________ (good) your writing will become. 答案： better 解析：句意： 你读得越多，写作就会越好；考查比较级。the more... the better... 结构。 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） Last spring, our school held a poetry contest, and every student was invited to take part in it. My classmate Tom, who had never written a poem before, decided to try his luck. At first he had no idea what to write, so he visited the school library and read many famous poems to find inspiration. He learned that a poem can be long or short, and that every poem has its own special rhythm and rhyme. He was especially fond of the haiku, a very short form of Japanese poetry, because it uses just a few simple words to create a beautiful picture in the reader's mind. He also learned that some poems tell long stories while others describe a single moment of beauty. Tom wanted to write about his grandmother, who lived in a small village and loved her garden very much. He remembered how she used to wake up early at dawn to water the flowers, and how the old woman used to sing soft songs while working in the garden. and how the bright blossoms of the cherry trees shone in the morning sun. He wrote about a busy bee flying from flower to flower and a light butterfly dancing over the green lawn. The poem was full of rich imagery, and every line seemed to paint a picture with words. However, writing a good poem was not easy, and Tom had to polish his lines many times before he was satisfied. As the deadline drew near, Tom began to feel nervous, because he still wanted to change many parts of his work. His teacher gave him some useful advice: a poem should express the writer's true feelings, and a good verse can come from the simplest moments of daily life. With these words in mind, Tom rewrote the poem one more time, and he tried his best to express his deep sympathy and love for his grandmother. He wrote the poem again and again until every word sounded right to his ears. He also learned to avoid unnecessary words, so that every sentence would be clear and direct. On the day of the contest, Tom recited his poem in front of the whole school. His voice was full of feeling, and the listeners were deeply moved by his honest words. To his great surprise, his poem won the first prize, and his poem was soon placed on the top shelf of the school library. Tom learned that poetry is not about difficult words but about true feelings, and that anyone who loves life can become a poet. He decided to keep writing and to share the beauty of poetry with more people in the future. 1. What did Tom do at first when he had no idea what to write? A. He gave up writing completely. B. He visited the school library and read many famous poems. C. He asked his grandmother to write for him. D. He copied a poem from a book. 2. What does the underlined word "verse" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. A kind of food. B. A line or group of lines in a poem. C. A type of tree. D. A musical instrument. 3. What can we infer about Tom from the passage? A. He was not interested in poems at all. B. He worked hard and improved his poem through practice. C. He copied his grandmother's letters. D. He won the prize by accident without any effort. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to grow cherry trees in a garden. B. A student's first experience of writing a poem and winning a contest. C. Why the school library is a quiet place. D. How to choose a good haiku to read. 【答案与解析】 1. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。答案 B。原文第1段写道："he visited the school library and read many famous poems to find inspiration"，与 B 项一致。 2. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。答案 B。原文第3段写道："a good verse can come from the simplest moments of daily life"，且全文围绕写诗，可推断 verse 意为"诗；诗行；诗句"，与 B 项一致。 3. 答案：B 解析：推断题。答案 B。原文第2段写道"Tom had to polish his lines many times"，第3段"he rewrote the poem one more time"，可推断他努力练习、不断改进，对应 B 项。 4. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。答案 B。全文讲述汤姆从不会写诗到不断练习、最终凭真情实感赢得诗歌比赛一等奖的经历，对应 B 项。 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：Poems） 类别 词汇 同义词 / 近义 相关词 / 话题 行为动词 描述词 短语 / 搭配 答案： 同义词 / 近义 sorrow – sadness；grief – sorrow；recite – repeat aloud；polish – improve；correspond – match 相关词 / 话题 poem, verse, rhyme, rhythm, haiku, sonnet, cinquain, syllable, imagery, drama, prose 行为动词 recite, tease, polish, sow, await, revolve, utter, correspond, rhyme 描述词 literary, folk, delicate, innocent, sympathetic, dominant, complicated, barren, racial, blank 短语 / 搭配 nursery rhyme, be made up of ..., cherry blossom B. 易混词辨析（4组，每组3小题） 第1组：rhyme / rhythm / rhyming (1) The last words of the two lines __________ (押韵), so the poem sounds very pleasant to read. (2) The dancer moved her body to the fast __________ (节奏) of the music. (3) The teacher asked us to find the __________ (押韵的) words in the nursery rhyme. 【第1组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： rhyme 解析：句意： 这两行的末尾单词押韵，所以这首诗读起来悦耳动听；rhyme 为动词"押韵"，作谓语。 (2) 答案： rhythm 解析：句意： 舞者随着音乐急促的节奏舞动身体；rhythm 为名词"节奏；韵律"，作宾语。 (3) 答案： rhyming 解析：句意： 老师让我们找出童谣中的押韵词；rhyming 为形容词"押韵的"，修饰 words。 第2组：sorrow / sorrowful / sorrowfully (1) The poem expresses the poet's deep __________ (悲伤) for his lost friends. (2) She wrote a __________ (悲伤的) letter to her friend who had moved far away. (3) The old man looked at the old photo __________ (悲伤地) and said nothing. 【第2组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： sorrow 解析：句意： 这首诗表达了诗人对失去的朋友的深深悲伤；sorrow 为名词"悲伤"，作宾语。 (2) 答案： sorrowful 解析：句意： 她给搬去远方的朋友写了一封悲伤的信；sorrowful 为形容词"悲伤的"，修饰 letter。 (3) 答案： sorrowfully 解析：句意： 老人悲伤地看着旧照片，一言不发；sorrowfully 为副词"悲伤地"，修饰 looked。 第3组：innocence / innocent / innocently (1) The little girl's __________ (天真) made everyone smile with joy. (2) The __________ (天真无邪的) child believed every word of the fairy tale. (3) The boy asked __________ (天真地) why the moon followed him when he walked. 【第3组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： innocence 解析：句意： 小女孩的天真让每个人都开心地微笑；innocence 为名词"天真；单纯"，作主语。 (2) 答案： innocent 解析：句意： 天真无邪的孩子相信童话里的每一个字；innocent 为形容词"天真无邪的"，修饰 child。 (3) 答案： innocently 解析：句意： 男孩天真地问，为什么他走路时月亮跟着他；innocently 为副词"天真地"，修饰 asked。 第4组：sympathy / sympathetic / sympathise (1) The kind teacher showed great __________ (同情) for the sad student and helped her with homework. (2) He was very __________ (有同情心的) and often gave his lunch to the hungry street dog. (3) We should __________ (同情) with people who are going through hard times. 【第4组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： sympathy 解析：句意： 善良的老师对伤心的学生深表同情，并帮她做作业；sympathy 为名词"同情"，show sympathy for 为搭配。 (2) 答案： sympathetic 解析：句意： 他非常富有同情心，经常把午餐给饥饿的流浪狗；sympathetic 为形容词"有同情心的"，作表语。 (3) 答案： sympathise 解析：句意： 我们应该同情那些正经历艰难时期的人；sympathise 为动词"同情"，sympathise with 为搭配。 C. 跨单元微循环（15题，复习 选择性必修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 词汇（教学进度的上一单元）） 1. The brave explorer showed great __________ (毅力) and never gave up even when the stormy sea was full of danger and fear. 答案： perseverance 解析：句意： 勇敢的探险家表现出极大的毅力，即使海面充满危险也从不放弃；perseverance 表示"毅力；坚韧"，为选择性必修三 U4 词汇。 2. The leader refused to __________ (抛弃) his men on the frozen ice, and he stayed with them on the ice until the very end. 答案： abandon 解析：句意： 队长拒绝把队员抛弃在冰冻的冰面上，他一直陪伴他们直到最后；abandon 表示"抛弃；放弃"，为选择性必修三 U4 词汇。 3. The young man was full of __________ (精力) and energy, and he worked very hard on the ship every single day without rest. 答案： vigour 解析：句意： 这个年轻人充满精力和活力，在船上每天都十分努力地工作；vigour 表示"精力；力量"，为选择性必修三 U4 词汇。 4. Before the storm came, the captain made a firm __________ (决心) to save every single man on the ship without fail at all. 答案： resolve 解析：句意： 在风暴来临前，队长下定决心要不遗余力地救出船上的每一个人；resolve 作名词表示"决心"，为选择性必修三 U4 词汇。 5. The famous and experienced __________ (领航员) guided the small wooden boat safely across the stormy sea to the far island late at night. 答案： navigator 解析：句意： 这位著名而经验丰富的领航员引导小船安全穿过风暴肆虐的大海，抵达小岛；navigator 表示"领航员"，为选择性必修三 U4 词汇。 6. The tired men tried to __________ (生火) with wet wood, and the small bright flames finally gave off enough heat to warm their cold hands. 答案： make fire 解析：句意： 疲惫的人们试着用湿木头生火，小小的火焰终于放出足够的热量温暖他们；make fire 表示"生火"，为选择性必修三 U4 词汇。 7. Life on the frozen sea was extremely __________ (痛苦的), but the brave and strong men never lost hope of being rescued at last. 答案： miserable 解析：句意： 冰冻海面上的生活极其痛苦，但勇敢的人们从未失去获救的希望；miserable 表示"痛苦的"，为选择性必修三 U4 词汇。 8. The terrible ice __________ (压坏) the ship completely, and the whole crew had to leave it behind at once without any delay. 答案： crushed 解析：句意： 可怕的冰层彻底压坏了船，船员们不得不毫不拖延地立即弃船离开；crush 表示"压坏；毁坏"，过去式 crushed，为选择性必修三 U4 词汇。 9. The brave sailors always stayed __________ (忠诚的) to their leader and followed his wise orders even in the darkest and coldest days. 答案： loyal 解析：句意： 勇敢的水手们始终忠于队长，即使在最黑暗的日子里也服从他的命令；loyal 表示"忠诚的"，为选择性必修三 U4 词汇。 10. Every man showed his deep __________ (奉献) to the team, and they finally survived the terrible cold winter together in the end. 答案： commitment 解析：句意： 每个人都表现出对团队的深深奉献，他们最终一起熬过了可怕的寒冬；commitment 表示"承诺；奉献"，为选择性必修三 U4 词汇。 11. After the long voyage, the young sailor received his first __________ (工资) and bought some warm gifts for his whole family at the market. 答案： wage 解析：句意： 漫长的航行结束后，年轻水手领到了第一份工资，给家人买了些礼物；wage 表示"工资"，为选择性必修三 U4 词汇。 12. The brave leader chose the strongest men for the dangerous task and gave them very careful and patient __________ (指导) at every step. 答案： guidance 解析：句意： 勇敢的队长为这项危险的任务挑选了最强壮的人，并给予他们细致耐心的指导；guidance 表示"指导；引导"，为选择性必修三 U4 词汇。 13. The whole __________ (经历) of the long and difficult expedition became a truly famous and moving story of courage and lasting friendship. 答案： episode 解析：句意： 这次艰难探险的整个经历成为一段关于勇气和持久友谊的著名故事；episode 表示"（人生）一段经历"，为选择性必修三 U4 词汇。 14. The terrible __________ (逆境) on the frozen sea tested the courage of every single brave and strong man on the whole team. 答案： adversity 解析：句意： 冰冻海面上的可怕逆境考验了团队中每一个人的勇气；adversity 表示"逆境；困境"，为选择性必修三 U4 词汇。 15. The leader was deeply impressed by the young man, who was very __________ (热情的) about the difficult journey and accepted him as a member of the team. 答案： enthusiastic 解析：句意： 年轻人的热情给队长留下了深刻印象，于是接纳他成为团队的一员；enthusiastic 表示"热情的；热心的"，为选择性必修三 U4 词汇。 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 5 Poems，共68词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 drama n. 戏；剧；戏剧艺术 2 sorrow n.&vi. 悲伤；悲痛；感到悲伤 3 imagery n. 形象的描述；意象 4 literary adj. 文学的；爱好文学的 5 rhyme n.&v. 押韵词；押韵诗；使押韵 6 rhythm n. 节奏；韵律；规律 7 nursery adj.&n. 幼儿教育的；托儿所 8 nursery rhyme 童谣；儿歌 9 folk adj. 民间的；民俗的 10 mockingbird n. 嘲鸫(美洲鸣禽) 11 diamond n. 钻石；金刚石；菱形 12 brass n. 黄铜；黄铜制品；铜管乐器 13 billy goat n. 公山羊 14 bull n. 公牛 15 recite vt. 背诵；吟诵；列举 16 bee n. 蜜蜂 17 dewdrop n. 露珠；水珠 18 dawn n. 黎明；开端；萌芽 19 clover n. 三叶草 20 butterfly n. 蝴蝶 21 lawn n. 草坪,草地 22 amateur n.&adj. 业余爱好者；业余的 23 cinquain n. 五行诗 24 be made up of ... 组成(构成) 25 mood n. 情绪；心情；语气 26 tease v. 取笑(某人)；揶揄；逗弄 27 haiku n. 俳句 28 syllable n. 音节 29 format n.&vt. 格式；总体安排；格式化 30 respectively adv. 分别；各自；依次为 31 respective adj. 分别的；各自的 32 blossom n. 花朵；花簇 33 delicate adj. 精美的；精致的；脆弱的 34 await vt. 等候；期待；将发生在 35 revolve vi. 旋转；环绕；转动 36 utter vt.&adj. 出声；说；讲；完全的 37 comprehension n. 理解力；领悟力；理解练习 38 shelf n. 架子；搁板 39 core n. 核心；精髓；(水果的)核儿 40 cherry n.&adj. 樱桃；樱桃树；樱桃色的 41 cherry blossom 樱花 42 blank adj.&n. 空白的；无图画；空白 43 verse n. 诗；韵文；诗节 44 civilian n. 平民；老百姓 45 prose n. 散文 46 sympathetic adj. 同情的；有同情心的 47 sympathy n. 同情；赞同 48 version n. 版本；(不同角度的)说法 49 innocence n. 天真；单纯；无罪 50 innocent adj. 天真无邪的；无辜的 51 era n. 时代；年代；纪元 52 correspondence n. 来往信件；通信联系 53 correspond vi. 相一致；符合；相当于 54 sow vt.&vi. 播种；种 55 seed n. 种子；起源；萌芽 56 dominant adj. 首要的；占支配地位的 57 sonnet n. 十四行诗 58 deadline n. 最后期限；截止日期 59 contest n.&vt. 比赛；竞赛；争取赢得 60 polish vt.&n. 修改；润色；上光剂 61 string n.&vt. 细绳；线；悬挂；系 62 wherever conj.&adv. 在任何地方；在哪里 63 barren adj. 贫瘠的；不结果实的 64 grief n. 悲伤；悲痛；伤心事 65 complicated adj. 复杂的；难懂的 66 variation n. 变化；变体；变奏曲 67 racial adj. 种族的；人种的 68 prejudice n.&vt. 偏见；成见；使怀有偏见 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $