专题04 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage-【语境大串记】词汇语境串记单元学案-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

该高中英语单元学案以“Adversity and Courage”为主题，围绕词汇记忆与应用目标，通过“语境串记故事—词形转变表—梯度复现练习—关联拓展巩固”的递进式设计，结合单元完整词汇表和“顽固词库”，构建从输入到输出的系统性学习路径。 特色在于以“勇气之旅”故事实现语境化词汇输入，通过英汉互译、词形变换、阅读理解等多题型梯度练习促进语言能力提升，词汇网络图和“顽固词库”助力个性化复习，培养思维品质与学习能力，为教师实施单元词汇复习提供全面且具针对性的教学支持。

专题04 第四单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（人教版2019） （ 知识点来源： 选择性必修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 3 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 3 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 11 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 4 Adversity and Courage，共61词） 15 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 18 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） A Voyage of Courage In 1914, a young man named Perce dreamed of adventure, and he was eager to join the great expedition to the Antarctic led by the famous explorer Shackleton. At first, the leader turned him down because the ship already had enough men, but Perce did not give up; he hid aboard the ship and refused to leave. His courage impressed the leader, who accepted him as a steward. Perce was full of vigour and a qualified worker, and the crew soon welcomed the young man. The sailors were enthusiastic and kind, and some even felt a little envy of his luck. The leader assigned duties: some kept the cupboard of supplies, others cared for the dogs. Each man got a blanket and a small stove, and their belongings were packed in boxes. Perce knew the voyage depended on every member of the team. All went well at first, but the bitter winter came, and the sea grew rough day by day. One night, the ice crushed the ship, and it began to sink into the dark water. The men had to abandon the ship at once, taking only the most necessary things. Life on the frozen sea was miserable: the damp clothes never dried, and the wind cut like a knife. The leader stayed calm, and he told the men not to be selfish, showing genuine care for all. Some men were good-tempered and cheerful, while others were bad-tempered from hunger and fear, but the leader never lost his temper. He believed that perseverance could save them, and he taught the men to persevere when hope faded. Their common resolve became a firm resolution, and it gave them the strength to go on. The leader sailed to South Georgia Island in a small boat with his best navigator, while the rest stayed with the navy officers. The sea was stormy, and the men fought the huge waves with all their strength. They tried to make fire with wet wood, and the flames could give off enough heat to warm their frozen hands. The leader's strong motive kept everyone going: every life depended on success. When the island appeared, the men on the ice heard the good news, and even the dogs began to bark with joy. That episode became a story of courage, and every man showed his commitment to the team. The men stayed loyal to their leader, a sailor played the banjo to cheer them up, and they played simple games for recreation. Finally, every man was saved, and Perce returned home safely. The experience taught him a great lesson in endurance, for he had faced terrible adversity and cruel weather in the most thorough test of courage. The ship, unfortunately, was lost, but fortunately, no man lost his life. Perce received his wage, bought a gift for his nephew, and studied at a corporate school, becoming a strong candidate for a good job. He enjoyed rugby with friends and table tennis with a wooden bat, and he remembered the guidance of his leader. He lived a decent life, kept his cosy home warm, replaced the old furniture, and learned to repair the small motor of his own car. He read about the wisdom of Confucianism and the art of advertising, and he learned to advertise his small business honestly. The story of his courage inspired everyone who knew him. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 1914年，一位名叫珀西的年轻人梦想冒险，他渴望加入著名探险家沙克尔顿率领的伟大南极探险(expedition)队。起初，队长拒绝(turn sb. down)了他，因为船上已经人手充足，但珀西没有放弃；他偷偷藏到船上(aboard)，拒绝离开。他的勇气打动了队长，队长接受他做了乘务员(steward)。珀西充满活力(vigour)，又是一名符合资格(qualified)的工人，船员们(crew)很快欢迎了这位年轻人。水手们热情(enthusiastic)而友善，有些人甚至有些羡慕(envy)他的好运。队长分派(assign)了职责：有人照看装补给品的橱柜(cupboard)，有人照顾狗。每个人领到一条毯子(blanket)和一个小炉具(stove)，他们的财物(belongings)被装进箱子。珀西知道这次航行(voyage)的成功取决于团队中的每个成员。 起初一切顺利，但严寒(bitter)的冬天来了，海面一天比一天汹涌(rough)。一天夜里，冰层压坏(crush)了船，大船开始沉入(sink)黑暗的海水。人们不得不立即弃船(abandon)，只带走最必需的东西。冰冻海面上的生活十分痛苦(miserable)：潮湿(damp)的衣服永远干不了，寒风像刀子一样刺骨。队长保持冷静，他告诉大家不要自私(selfish)，并真心(genuine)地关心每个人。有些人天生脾气好(good-tempered)、乐观开朗，而另一些人因饥饿和恐惧而脾气暴躁(bad-tempered)，但队长从不发脾气。他相信毅力(perseverance)能拯救大家，教导人们在希望消失时也要坚持(persevere)。他们共同的决心(resolve)变成坚定的信念(resolution)，给了他们继续前行的力量。 队长和他最好的领航员(navigator)乘小船前往南乔治亚岛，其余人与海军(navy)军官留了下来。海面风暴肆虐，人们用尽全力与巨浪搏斗。他们试着用湿木头生火(make fire)，火焰能放出(give off)足够的热来温暖冻僵的手。队长强烈的动机(motive)支撑着所有人：每个生命都取决于成功。当小岛出现在眼前，冰上的人们听到了好消息，连狗都高兴地吠叫(bark)起来。这段经历(episode)成为勇气的故事，每个人都表现出对团队的奉献(commitment)。人们始终忠诚(loyal)于队长，一位水手弹奏班卓琴(banjo)给大家打气，他们还玩简单的游戏消遣(recreation)。 最终，每个人都获救了，珀西平安回到家。这次经历教会了他忍耐力(endurance)这一课，因为他在最彻底(thorough)的勇气考验中经历了可怕的逆境(adversity)和残酷(cruel)的天气。船，不幸地(unfortunately)，失去了，但幸运地(fortunately)，没有人丧生。珀西领到工资(wage)，给侄子(nephew)买了礼物，在一所公司(corporate)学校学习，成为一份好工作的有力候选人(candidate)。他喜欢和朋友打橄榄球(rugby)、用木制球拍(bat)打乒乓球，铭记着队长的指导(guidance)。他过着体面(decent)的生活，把温馨(cosy)的家保持温暖，换上新的家具(furniture)，还学会了修理自己旧汽车的发动机(motor)。他阅读儒家学说(Confucianism)的智慧和广告(advertising)的艺术，并学会诚实为自己的小生意做广告(advertise)。他的勇气故事激励了所有认识他的人。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 adversity n.逆境 adverse (adj.) 不利的；adversely (adv.) 不利地 2 expedition n.探险 expeditionary (adj.) 远征的；expeditions (复数) 3 endurance n.忍耐力 endure (v.) 忍受；enduring (adj.) 持久的；endured (过去式) 4 vigour n.精力 vigorous (adj.) 精力充沛的；vigorously (adv.) 精力充沛地 5 qualified adj.符合资格的 qualify (v.) 使合格；qualification (n.) 资格；qualifying (现在分词) 6 enthusiastic adj.热情的 enthusiasm (n.) 热情；enthusiast (n.) 热衷者；enthusiastically (adv.) 热情地 7 assign vt.分派 assignment (n.) 任务；作业；assigned (过去式)；assigning (现在分词) 8 envy n.&vt.羡慕 envious (adj.) 羡慕的；enviable (adj.) 令人羡慕的；envied (过去式) 9 abandon vt.放弃 abandoned (过去式/adj.) 被抛弃的；abandonment (n.) 抛弃 10 miserable adj.痛苦的 misery (n.) 痛苦；miserably (adv.) 痛苦地 11 voyage n.&vi.航海 voyager (n.) 航海者；voyages (复数)；voyaged (过去式) 12 perseverance n.毅力 persevere (vi.) 坚持；persevering (adj.) 坚持不懈的；perseveringly (adv.) 坚持不懈地 13 resolve v.&n.决心 resolute (adj.) 坚决的；resolved (过去式)；resolution (n.) 决心；决议 14 fortunate adj.幸运的 fortunately (adv.) 幸运地；unfortunately (adv.) 不幸地；fortune (n.) 运气 15 commitment n.承诺 commit (v.) 承诺；犯；committed (过去式)；committing (现在分词) 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（30题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 第 1 / 18 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（20个） 1. adversity → __________ 2. expedition → __________ 3. endurance → __________ 4. vigour → __________ 5. qualified → __________ 6. enthusiastic → __________ 7. assign → __________ 8. envy → __________ 9. abandon → __________ 10. miserable → __________ 11. voyage → __________ 12. perseverance → __________ 13. resolve → __________ 14. cruel → __________ 15. thorough → __________ 16. loyal → __________ 17. commitment → __________ 18. motive → __________ 19. candidate → __________ 20. genuine → __________ 子题B：中译英（10个） 1. 工资 → __________ 2. 乘务员 → __________ 3. 毯子 → __________ 4. 炉具 → __________ 5. 财物 → __________ 6. 班卓琴 → __________ 7. 橄榄球 → __________ 8. 侄子 → __________ 9. 家具 → __________ 10. 生火 → __________ 【答案与解析】 子题A（英译中）： 1. adversity — 逆境 2. expedition — 探险 3. endurance — 忍耐力 4. vigour — 精力 5. qualified — 符合资格的 6. enthusiastic — 热情的 7. assign — 分派 8. envy — 羡慕 9. abandon — 放弃 10. miserable — 痛苦的 11. voyage — 航行 12. perseverance — 毅力 13. resolve — 决心 14. cruel — 残酷的 15. thorough — 彻底的 16. loyal — 忠诚的 17. commitment — 奉献 18. motive — 动机 19. candidate — 候选人 20. genuine — 真诚的 子题B（中译英）： 1. wage 2. steward 3. blanket 4. stove 5. belongings 6. banjo 7. rugby 8. nephew 9. furniture 10. make fire 题型2：词形变换（10题） 1. The captain was deeply impressed by the young man's __________ (vigour) efforts to help the crew on board in every possible way. 答案： vigorous 解析：句意： 年轻人在船上尽心尽力帮助船员，他那充满活力的努力给队长留下了深刻印象；vigour 的形容词 vigorous 表示"精力充沛的"，修饰 efforts。 2. The sailors learned to __________ (endurance) the terrible cold and hunger during the long winter without complaint day after day. 答案： endure 解析：句意： 水手们学会了在漫长的冬天日复一日地忍受严寒和饥饿而不抱怨；endurance 的动词 endure 表示"忍受"，learn to do 后用原形。 3. The young man's excellent __________ (qualified) for the difficult job on the ship impressed the experienced leader greatly. 答案： qualification 解析：句意： 年轻人在船上出色地胜任这份艰巨工作的资格，给经验丰富的队长留下了深刻印象；qualified 的名词 qualification 表示"资格"，作主语。 4. The sailors welcomed the new steward with great __________ (enthusiastic) and warm smiles on their faces. 答案： enthusiasm 解析：句意： 水手们以极大的热情和脸上的温暖微笑欢迎这位新乘务员；enthusiastic 的名词 enthusiasm 表示"热情"，with enthusiasm 为搭配。 5. The leader __________ (assign) a difficult task to each man before the dangerous journey began. 答案： assigned 解析：句意： 在危险的旅程开始前，队长给每个人分派了一项艰巨的任务；assign 的过去式 assigned 表示"分派"，构成一般过去时。 6. The man looked at the beautiful car with __________ (envy) eyes and wished that he could own one. 答案： envious 解析：句意： 那人用羡慕的眼光看着漂亮的汽车，希望自己也拥有一辆；envy 的形容词 envious 表示"羡慕的"，修饰 eyes。 7. The sudden __________ (abandon) of the old ship surprised no one at that time, because the ice had crushed it completely. 答案： abandonment 解析：句意： 当时，没有人对弃船感到意外，因为冰层已经彻底压坏了那艘旧船；abandon 的名词 abandonment 表示"抛弃；放弃"，作主语。 8. The men lived in great __________ (miserable) on the frozen sea, but they never stopped hoping for rescue. 答案： misery 解析：句意： 人们在冰冻的海面上过着极为痛苦的生活，但从未停止盼望获救；miserable 的名词 misery 表示"痛苦"，in misery 为搭配。 9. The leader's strong __________ (resolve) encouraged the whole crew to face the danger bravely. 答案： resolution 解析：句意： 队长坚定的决心鼓舞了全体船员勇敢面对危险；resolve 的名词 resolution 表示"决心"，作主语。 10. Perce was deeply __________ (commitment) to his team, and he always put the needs of others before himself the whole time. 答案： committed 解析：句意： 珀西对团队深深投入，他总是把别人的需要放在自己前面；commitment 的过去分词 committed 表示"投入的；忠诚的"，be committed to 为搭配。 题型3：短语填空（3题） 从方框中选择短语，用正确形式填空： turn sb. down；make fire；give off 1. The brave young man asked to join the expedition, but the leader ___________ because there were too many men. 答案： turned him down 解析：句意： 勇敢的年轻人请求加入探险队，但因为人手太多，队长拒绝了他；turn sb. down 表示"拒绝（某人）"，过去式 turned him down。 2. On the frozen island, the men had to __________ with wet wood and dry leaves to keep themselves warm. 答案： make fire 解析：句意： 在冰冻的岛上，人们不得不用湿木头和干树叶生火取暖；make fire 表示"生火"。 3. The small fire was able to __________ enough heat and light to keep the tired men warm at night. 答案： give off 解析：句意： 小小的火堆能放出足够的热和光，让疲惫的人们在夜晚保持温暖；give off 表示"放出（热/光/气味/气体）"。 题型4：完成句子（10题） 1. 这位年轻人为加入探险队感到兴奋，他充满活力，并且是一名合格的乘务员。 The young man was __________ about joining the __________, and he was full of __________ and a qualified steward of great ability. 答案： enthusiastic / expedition / vigour 解析：句意： 这位年轻人为加入探险队感到兴奋，他充满活力，并且是一名合格的乘务员；enthusiastic 表示"热情的"；expedition 表示"探险"；vigour 表示"精力"。 2. 船长拒绝了他，但他偷偷藏到船上，最终被接受为一名乘务员。 The captain __________ him __________, but he hid aboard the old ship and was finally accepted as a __________ on the ship at last. 答案： turned / down / steward 解析：句意： 船长拒绝了他，但他偷偷藏到船上，最终被接受为一名乘务员；turn sb. down 表示"拒绝"，过去式 turned down；steward 表示"乘务员"。 3. 冰层压坏了船，船员们不得不弃船，只带走最必要的东西。 The ice __________ the ship, and the crew had to __________ the ship and take only the most necessary things. 答案： crushed / abandon 解析：句意： 冰层压坏了船，船员们不得不弃船，只带走最必要的东西；crush 表示"压坏"，过去式 crushed；abandon 表示"放弃；抛弃"。 4. 在冰冻海面上的生活十分痛苦，潮湿的衣服永远干不了。 Life on the frozen sea was extremely __________, and the __________ clothes never dried at all day after day in the long winter. 答案： miserable / damp 解析：句意： 在冰冻海面上的生活十分痛苦，潮湿的衣服永远干不了；miserable 表示"痛苦的"；damp 表示"潮湿的"。 5. 队长教导大家在希望似乎已经消失时也要坚持，正是这种坚韧拯救了整个团队。 The leader taught the men to __________ even when hope seemed to have gone, and this __________ saved the whole team. 答案： persevere / perseverance 解析：句意： 队长教导大家在希望似乎已经消失时也要坚持，正是这种坚韧拯救了整个团队；persevere 表示"坚持"；perseverance 表示"毅力；坚韧"。 6. 不幸的是船失去了，但幸运的是没有一个人丧生，这让大家深感欣慰。 __________, the ship was lost, but __________, no man lost his life, and everyone felt deeply relieved by the good news at last. 答案： Unfortunately / fortunately 解析：句意： 不幸的是船失去了，但幸运的是没有一个人丧生，这让大家深感欣慰；unfortunately 表示"不幸地"；fortunately 表示"幸运地"。 7. 这位忠诚的领航员带领小船穿过了汹涌的大海，最终到达了小岛。 The __________ navigator led the small boat across the __________ sea and finally reached the island after a long and hard journey. 答案： loyal / rough 解析：句意： 这位忠诚的领航员带领小船穿过了汹涌的大海，最终到达了小岛；loyal 表示"忠诚的"；rough 表示"汹涌的"。 8. 火堆能放出足够的热和光，让疲惫不堪的人们在寒冷的夜晚保持温暖。 The small fire was able to __________ enough __________ and light to keep the tired men warm through the long cold night. 答案： give off / heat 解析：句意： 火堆能放出足够的热和光，让疲惫不堪的人们在寒冷的夜晚保持温暖；give off 表示"放出（热/光等）"。 9. 他领到工资后，给侄子买了礼物，给母亲买了暖和的外套。 After he received his __________, he bought a small gift for his young __________ and a warm coat for his mother at the market. 答案： wage / nephew 解析：句意： 他领到工资后，给侄子买了礼物，给母亲买了暖和的外套；wage 表示"工资"；nephew 表示"侄子"。 10. 整个经历彻底考验了他的勇气，使他变得更坚强、更有决心。 The whole __________ tested his courage in a thorough way and made him stronger and more __________ than ever before. 答案： episode / determined 解析：句意： 整个经历彻底考验了他的勇气，使他变得更坚强、更有决心；episode 表示"（人生）一段经历"；determined 表示"坚定的"。 题型5：句型同义转换：用本单元单词或短语作答 1. The leader refused the young man because the ship already had enough men. → The leader __________ the young man because the ship already had enough men. 答案： turned down 解析：句意： 队长拒绝了那个年轻人，因为船上已经人手充足；turn sb. down 表示"拒绝"，过去式 turned down。 2. The men had to leave the ship and take only the most necessary things. → The men had to __________ the ship and take only the most necessary things. 答案： abandon 解析：句意： 人们不得不弃船，只带走最必要的东西；abandon 表示"抛弃；放弃"。 3. The brave leader made up his mind to find help for his men. → The brave leader made a firm __________ to find help for his men. 答案： resolve 解析：句意： 勇敢的队长下定决心为队员们寻找帮助；resolve 作名词表示"决心"。 4. The sailors were very happy and full of energy when the rescue ship arrived. → The sailors were full of __________ when the rescue ship arrived. 答案： vigour 解析：句意： 救援船到来时，水手们充满活力；vigour 表示"精力；力量"。 5. Perce was accepted because he had the right skills for the job. → Perce was accepted because he was __________ for the job. 答案： qualified 解析：句意： 珀西因为符合工作要求而被接受；qualified 表示"符合资格的"，be qualified for 为搭配。 题型6：单句语法填空（10题） 1. The ship __________ (strike) by the ice and began to sink slowly into the dark sea. 答案： was struck 解析：句意： 船被冰层撞击，开始慢慢沉入黑暗的大海；考查一般过去时被动语态。be struck by 表示"被撞击"。 2. The crew spent the whole night __________ (repair) the small boat with great care. 答案： repairing 解析：句意： 船员们花了一整夜仔细修理小船；考查动名词。spend time (in) doing sth.，repair 用 repairing。 3. The leader told the men that they had to keep __________ (move) forward on the ice. 答案： moving 解析：句意： 队长告诉大家必须继续在冰上向前行进；考查动名词。keep doing sth.，move 用 moving。 4. This story is even __________ (exciting) than the film we saw last week. 答案： more exciting 解析：句意： 这个故事比我们上周看的电影还要激动人心；考查比较级。than 前用 more exciting。 5. Perce was one of the youngest __________ (member) of the whole expedition team. 答案： members 解析：句意： 珀西是整个探险队中最年轻的成员之一；考查名词复数。one of + 复数名词，member 用 members。 6. The tired men stopped __________ (rest) for a while before they continued their journey. 答案： to rest 解析：句意： 疲惫的人们停下来休息了一会儿，然后继续赶路；考查不定式。stop to do sth. 表示"停下来去做某事"。 7. The boat had been sailing for days before the men __________ (see) the island. 答案： saw 解析：句意： 在人们看到小岛之前，船已经航行了数日；考查一般过去时。see 的过去式为 saw。 8. It is important for every sailor __________ (stay) calm in a dangerous situation. 答案： to stay 解析：句意： 对每个水手来说，在危险情况下保持冷静很重要；考查不定式。It is important for sb. to do sth.。 9. The men __________ (save) by a rescue ship at last after many hard months. 答案： were saved 解析：句意： 经过许多艰难岁月，人们终于被救援船救起；考查一般过去时被动语态。be saved 表示"被救"。 10. The leader's brave decision __________ (influence) the lives of all the men deeply. 答案： influenced 解析：句意： 队长的勇敢决定深深影响了所有人的一生；考查一般过去时。influence 的过去式为 influenced。 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） In 1914, the famous explorer Shackleton wanted to cross the Antarctic, so he placed an advertisement in a London newspaper: "Men wanted for a dangerous journey. Small wages, bitter cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, and safe return uncertain." A young man named Perce read the news and made up his mind to join the great expedition. He was full of vigour and hope, and he believed that this was the greatest chance of his life. He asked to join, but the leader at first refused him because the ship already had enough men; however, Perce hid on the ship and refused to leave, and his strong will finally won him a place as a steward on board. The ship, called the Endurance, sailed south for many weeks, and everything went well at first. The men were young and enthusiastic, and they worked hard to keep the ship clean and warm. But then the terrible winter came, and the ice caught the ship and held it fast. One night, the pressure of the ice crushed the ship, and the men knew that they had to leave it forever. It was a hard decision to abandon the ship, but there was no other way, and they watched sadly as it sank into the dark water. Life on the ice was extremely miserable: the wind was bitter and cold, the damp clothes never dried, and everyone felt tired and hungry. The leader stayed calm and strong, and he told the men to be good-tempered and patient and never to be selfish. The leader decided to take a small boat and sail to South Georgia Island to find help. He chose the most skilled navigator and the strongest men for the dangerous task, while the rest of the crew stayed behind. The little boat crossed the stormy sea, and the men fought against the huge waves with all their strength. The sea was so rough that huge waves washed over the small boat again and again. They tried to make fire with wet wood, and the fire could give off enough heat to warm their frozen hands. After many days of danger and fear, they finally reached the island, and their courage brought hope to the whole team. At last, every man was saved, and the whole world praised the leader's courage and wisdom. Perce returned home safely, and he never forgot the lessons of that journey. He had learned that perseverance and commitment can overcome any difficulty, and that a strong team can survive even the greatest adversity. He often told his friends that the secret of success lies not in luck, but in never giving up. 1. Why did Perce want to join the expedition? A. Because he believed it was the greatest chance of his life. B. Because he wanted to earn a lot of money. C. Because his family asked him to go. D. Because he was tired of his old job. 2. What does the underlined word "abandon" in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. To leave something forever and never come back. B. To repair something with great care. C. To paint something in a bright colour. D. To carry something to a new place. 3. What can we infer about the leader from the passage? A. He was calm, strong and cared deeply about his men. B. He was afraid of the sea and gave up easily. C. He did not trust any of his sailors. D. He left his men alone on the ice. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to sail a boat across a stormy sea. B. A young man's experience on a dangerous expedition that taught him courage and perseverance. C. Why the Antarctic is a beautiful place. D. How to become a good steward on a ship. 【答案与解析】 1. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。答案 A。原文第1段写道："he believed that this was the greatest chance of his life"，与 A 项一致。 2. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。答案 A。原文第2段写道："the men knew that they had to leave it forever. It was a hard decision to abandon the ship"，可推断 abandon 意为"抛弃；放弃"，与 A 项一致。 3. 答案：A 解析：推断题。答案 A。原文第2段写道"The leader stayed calm and strong"，第3段他亲自乘小船求援，第4段"every man was saved"，可推断他冷静坚强、关心队员，对应 A 项。 4. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。答案 B。全文讲述珀西参加南极探险、历经船毁与冰上求生、最终获救的经历，并从中学会勇气与坚持，对应 B 项。 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：Adversity and Courage） 类别 词汇 同义词 / 近义 相关词 / 话题 行为动词 描述词 短语 / 搭配 答案： 同义词 / 近义 abandon – give up；miserable – unhappy；rough – stormy；loyal – faithful；resolve – determination 相关词 / 话题 expedition, voyage, crew, steward, navigator, navy, ship, ice, rescue, banjo 行为动词 assign, sink, abandon, persevere, resolve, bark, advertise, crush, voyage 描述词 bitter, qualified, enthusiastic, miserable, decent, cosy, selfish, good-tempered, bad-tempered, genuine, cruel, thorough, damp, rough, loyal, corporate 短语 / 搭配 turn sb. down, make fire, give off B. 易混词辨析（4组，每组3小题） 第1组：abandon / abandoned / abandonment (1) The captain had to __________ (放弃) the ship because the ice had crushed it completely. (2) The __________ (被遗弃的) boat was found on the shore many years later. (3) The sudden __________ (抛弃) of the plan surprised everyone on the team. 【第1组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： abandon 解析：句意： 因为冰层彻底压坏了船，船长不得不弃船；abandon 为动词"抛弃；放弃"，had to 后用原形。 (2) 答案： abandoned 解析：句意： 多年后，人们在海边发现了那艘被遗弃的船；abandoned 为过去分词作形容词"被遗弃的"，修饰 boat。 (3) 答案： abandonment 解析：句意： 计划的突然放弃让队里每个人都感到惊讶；abandonment 为名词"抛弃；放弃"，作主语。 第2组：persevere / perseverance / persevering (1) We must __________ (坚持) even when the task seems impossible to finish. (2) His great __________ (毅力) helped him survive the hardest days on the ice. (3) The __________ (坚持不懈的) young man finally won the respect of the whole team. 【第2组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： persevere 解析：句意： 即使任务看似无法完成，我们也必须坚持；persevere 为动词"坚持；孜孜以求"，must 后用原形。 (2) 答案： perseverance 解析：句意： 他巨大的毅力帮助他熬过了冰上最艰难的日子；perseverance 为名词"毅力；坚韧"，作主语。 (3) 答案： persevering 解析：句意： 这位坚持不懈的年轻人最终赢得了全队的尊重；persevering 为形容词"坚持不懈的"，修饰 young man。 第3组：resolve / resolution / resolute (1) The leader made a firm __________ (决心) to save every man on the ship. (2) The new year __________ (决心) of the students was to study harder and help others. (3) With a __________ (坚决的) heart, the navigator sailed the boat through the storm. 【第3组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： resolve 解析：句意： 队长下定决心要救船上的每一个人；resolve 作名词表示"决心"，make a resolve 为搭配。 (2) 答案： resolution 解析：句意： 学生们的新年决心是更加努力学习并帮助他人；resolution 为名词"决心；决议"，作主语。 (3) 答案： resolute 解析：句意： 领航员怀着坚定的决心驾船穿过了风暴；resolute 为形容词"坚决的；果断的"，修饰 heart。 第4组：bitter / bitterly / bitterness (1) The wind was __________ (严寒的) and cold, and the men could hardly move. (2) The old man cried __________ (痛苦地) when he remembered his lost friends. (3) There was no __________ (怨恨) in his heart after the difficult journey. 【第4组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： bitter 解析：句意： 寒风刺骨，人们几乎无法动弹；bitter 为形容词"严寒的；刺骨的"，修饰 wind。 (2) 答案： bitterly 解析：句意： 老人想起失去的朋友时痛哭不已；bitterly 为副词"痛苦地"，修饰 cried。 (3) 答案： bitterness 解析：句意： 艰难旅程之后，他心中没有怨恨；bitterness 为名词"怨恨；痛苦"，作主语。 C. 跨单元微循环（15题，复习 选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 词汇（教学进度的上一单元）） 1. Factories should reduce their __________ (排放) of harmful gases, because clean and fresh air is important for everyone's health in the city. 答案： emission 解析：句意： 工厂应减少有害气体的排放，因为清洁新鲜的空气对城市里每个人的健康都很重要；emission 表示"排放物；排放"，为选择性必修三 U3 词汇。 2. We must find a __________ (可持续的) way to use our valuable natural resources without harming the environment in any way for the future. 答案： sustainable 解析：句意： 我们必须找到一种可持续的方式来利用宝贵的自然资源，而不以任何方式伤害环境；sustainable 表示"可持续的"，为选择性必修三 U3 词汇。 3. The government is working hard __________ (世界各地的) to protect the environment and fight against climate change year after year in our lifetime. 答案： worldwide 解析：句意： 政府正年复一年地努力在世界各地保护环境、应对气候变化；worldwide 表示"世界各地的"，为选择性必修三 U3 词汇。 4. The new law places a very strict __________ (限制) on the use of plastic bags in all the supermarkets of our city centre. 答案： restriction 解析：句意： 新法律对我们市中心所有超市使用塑料袋实行了非常严格的限制；restriction 表示"限制规定"，为选择性必修三 U3 词汇。 5. We should always __________ (抓住) every chance to save water and electricity in our daily life at home and at school every day. 答案： seize 解析：句意： 我们应该始终抓住每一个机会，在家庭和学校的日常生活中节约水电；seize 表示"抓住；把握"，为选择性必修三 U3 词汇。 6. The school will __________ (实施) a new and practical plan to sort the garbage into different bins for recycling next term at our school. 答案： implement 解析：句意： 学校将在下学期实施一项新的切实可行的计划，把垃圾分类放入不同的回收桶；implement 表示"实施；执行"，为选择性必修三 U3 词汇。 7. People should live in a __________ (和谐的) way with nature and protect every living thing on the whole beautiful earth around us. 答案： harmonious 解析：句意： 人类应与自然和谐相处，保护整个地球上的每一个生灵；harmonious 表示"和谐的"，为选择性必修三 U3 词汇。 8. The company must __________ (提交) its annual report on pollution to the government before the end of this year without any delay. 答案： submit 解析：句意： 公司必须在今年年底前向政府提交其年度污染报告；submit 表示"提交；呈递"，为选择性必修三 U3 词汇。 9. In __________ (热带的) areas of the world, the green jungle is disappearing very quickly because of human activities and the serious climate change. 答案： tropical 解析：句意： 在热带地区，绿色丛林正因人类活动和气候变化而迅速消失；tropical 表示"热带的"，为选择性必修三 U3 词汇。 10. The volunteers helped to __________ (恢复) the badly polluted river and plant new trees along both of its green banks last spring. 答案： restore 解析：句意： 志愿者们帮助恢复了严重污染的河流，并在河的两岸种下新树；restore 表示"恢复；修复"，为选择性必修三 U3 词汇。 11. The careful __________ (保护) of the environment is the common duty of every citizen and every country in the whole wide world. 答案： conservation 解析：句意： 对环境的细心保护是世界上每个公民和每个国家的共同责任；conservation 表示"对（环境）的保护"，为选择性必修三 U3 词汇。 12. Anyone who breaks the environmental __________ (规章) will be strictly punished by the local government in this city without any excuse or delay. 答案： regulations 解析：句意： 任何违反环境规章的人都将毫无例外地受到当地政府的惩罚；regulation 表示"规章制度"，此处用复数 regulations，为选择性必修三 U3 词汇。 13. The students started a green __________ (运动) to encourage people to use fewer plastic products in their daily lives at home and at school. 答案： campaign 解析：句意： 学生们发起了一场绿色运动，鼓励人们在日常生活中少用塑料制品；campaign 表示"运动"，为选择性必修三 U3 词汇。 14. The workers cleaned the dirty old __________ (水道) near the factory and removed all the harmful waste from it completely last month. 答案： waterway 解析：句意： 工人们清理了工厂附近肮脏的水道，清除了其中的所有有害废物；waterway 表示"水道；航道"，为选择性必修三 U3 词汇。 15. The local government will __________ (对…处以罚款) the company heavily if it continues to pollute the clean and beautiful river near the town. 答案： fine 解析：句意： 如果这家公司继续污染清洁的河流，政府将对它处以重罚；fine 作动词表示"对…处以罚款"，为选择性必修三 U3 词汇。 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 4 Adversity and Courage，共61词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 adversity n. 困境；逆境 2 wage n. 工资 3 bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的 4 expedition n. 探险；远征；探险队 5 endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力 6 vigour n. 精力；力量；活动 7 turn sb. down 拒绝(某人) 8 qualified adj. 符合资格；具…知识/技能 9 enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 10 aboard adv.&prep. 上(船/飞机等) 11 cupboard n. 橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 12 assign vt. 分派；布置；分配 13 steward n. (轮船/飞机/火车)乘务员 14 envy n.&vt. 羡慕；妒忌 15 crush vt.&n. 毁坏；压坏；拥挤的人群 16 sink vi.&vt. 沉没；下沉；使下沉 17 abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃 18 stove n. 炉具；厨房灶具 19 blanket n. 毯子 20 belongings n. 财物；动产 21 banjo n. 班卓琴(乐器) 22 miserable adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的 23 voyage n.&vi. 航海；航行 24 navy n. 海军；海军部队 25 decent adj. 相当不错的；正派的 26 cosy adj. 温馨的；舒适的 27 selfish adj. 自私的 28 good-tempered adj. 脾气好的 29 bad-tempered adj. 脾气坏的 30 genuine adj. 真正的；真诚的 31 perseverance n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠精神 32 persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求 33 resolve v.&n. 决定；决心 34 resolution n. 决议；解决；坚定 35 crew n. (轮船/飞机)全体工作人员 36 cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 37 thorough adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的 38 furniture n. 家具 39 unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地 40 fortunately adv. 幸运地 41 bark vi.&n. (狗)吠叫；吠叫声 42 rugby n. 橄榄球运动 43 bat n.&v. 球拍；蝙蝠；用球板击球 44 damp adj. 潮湿的；湿气重的 45 recreation n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏 46 guidance n. 指导；引导；导航 47 nephew n. 侄子；外甥 48 advertising n. 广告活动；广告业 49 advertise vt.&vi. 公布；宣传；做广告 50 corporate adj. 公司的；法人的；社团的 51 rough adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 52 navigator n. 领航员；(飞机/船)航行者 53 loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的 54 motor n.&adj. 发动机；马达；有引擎的 55 candidate n. 候选人；应试者 56 make fire 生火 57 give off 放出(热/光/气味/气体) 58 episode n. (人生)一段经历；小说片段 59 commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献 60 motive n. 动机；原因；目的 61 Confucianism n. 孔子学说；儒家(学说) 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $专题04 第四单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（人教版2019） （ 知识点来源： 选择性必修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 3 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 3 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 7 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 4 Adversity and Courage，共61词） 9 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 12 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） A Voyage of Courage In 1914, a young man named Perce dreamed of adventure, and he was eager to join the great expedition to the Antarctic led by the famous explorer Shackleton. At first, the leader turned him down because the ship already had enough men, but Perce did not give up; he hid aboard the ship and refused to leave. His courage impressed the leader, who accepted him as a steward. Perce was full of vigour and a qualified worker, and the crew soon welcomed the young man. The sailors were enthusiastic and kind, and some even felt a little envy of his luck. The leader assigned duties: some kept the cupboard of supplies, others cared for the dogs. Each man got a blanket and a small stove, and their belongings were packed in boxes. Perce knew the voyage depended on every member of the team. All went well at first, but the bitter winter came, and the sea grew rough day by day. One night, the ice crushed the ship, and it began to sink into the dark water. The men had to abandon the ship at once, taking only the most necessary things. Life on the frozen sea was miserable: the damp clothes never dried, and the wind cut like a knife. The leader stayed calm, and he told the men not to be selfish, showing genuine care for all. Some men were good-tempered and cheerful, while others were bad-tempered from hunger and fear, but the leader never lost his temper. He believed that perseverance could save them, and he taught the men to persevere when hope faded. Their common resolve became a firm resolution, and it gave them the strength to go on. The leader sailed to South Georgia Island in a small boat with his best navigator, while the rest stayed with the navy officers. The sea was stormy, and the men fought the huge waves with all their strength. They tried to make fire with wet wood, and the flames could give off enough heat to warm their frozen hands. The leader's strong motive kept everyone going: every life depended on success. When the island appeared, the men on the ice heard the good news, and even the dogs began to bark with joy. That episode became a story of courage, and every man showed his commitment to the team. The men stayed loyal to their leader, a sailor played the banjo to cheer them up, and they played simple games for recreation. Finally, every man was saved, and Perce returned home safely. The experience taught him a great lesson in endurance, for he had faced terrible adversity and cruel weather in the most thorough test of courage. The ship, unfortunately, was lost, but fortunately, no man lost his life. Perce received his wage, bought a gift for his nephew, and studied at a corporate school, becoming a strong candidate for a good job. He enjoyed rugby with friends and table tennis with a wooden bat, and he remembered the guidance of his leader. He lived a decent life, kept his cosy home warm, replaced the old furniture, and learned to repair the small motor of his own car. He read about the wisdom of Confucianism and the art of advertising, and he learned to advertise his small business honestly. The story of his courage inspired everyone who knew him. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 1914年，一位名叫珀西的年轻人梦想冒险，他渴望加入著名探险家沙克尔顿率领的伟大南极探险(expedition)队。起初，队长拒绝(turn sb. down)了他，因为船上已经人手充足，但珀西没有放弃；他偷偷藏到船上(aboard)，拒绝离开。他的勇气打动了队长，队长接受他做了乘务员(steward)。珀西充满活力(vigour)，又是一名符合资格(qualified)的工人，船员们(crew)很快欢迎了这位年轻人。水手们热情(enthusiastic)而友善，有些人甚至有些羡慕(envy)他的好运。队长分派(assign)了职责：有人照看装补给品的橱柜(cupboard)，有人照顾狗。每个人领到一条毯子(blanket)和一个小炉具(stove)，他们的财物(belongings)被装进箱子。珀西知道这次航行(voyage)的成功取决于团队中的每个成员。 起初一切顺利，但严寒(bitter)的冬天来了，海面一天比一天汹涌(rough)。一天夜里，冰层压坏(crush)了船，大船开始沉入(sink)黑暗的海水。人们不得不立即弃船(abandon)，只带走最必需的东西。冰冻海面上的生活十分痛苦(miserable)：潮湿(damp)的衣服永远干不了，寒风像刀子一样刺骨。队长保持冷静，他告诉大家不要自私(selfish)，并真心(genuine)地关心每个人。有些人天生脾气好(good-tempered)、乐观开朗，而另一些人因饥饿和恐惧而脾气暴躁(bad-tempered)，但队长从不发脾气。他相信毅力(perseverance)能拯救大家，教导人们在希望消失时也要坚持(persevere)。他们共同的决心(resolve)变成坚定的信念(resolution)，给了他们继续前行的力量。 队长和他最好的领航员(navigator)乘小船前往南乔治亚岛，其余人与海军(navy)军官留了下来。海面风暴肆虐，人们用尽全力与巨浪搏斗。他们试着用湿木头生火(make fire)，火焰能放出(give off)足够的热来温暖冻僵的手。队长强烈的动机(motive)支撑着所有人：每个生命都取决于成功。当小岛出现在眼前，冰上的人们听到了好消息，连狗都高兴地吠叫(bark)起来。这段经历(episode)成为勇气的故事，每个人都表现出对团队的奉献(commitment)。人们始终忠诚(loyal)于队长，一位水手弹奏班卓琴(banjo)给大家打气，他们还玩简单的游戏消遣(recreation)。 最终，每个人都获救了，珀西平安回到家。这次经历教会了他忍耐力(endurance)这一课，因为他在最彻底(thorough)的勇气考验中经历了可怕的逆境(adversity)和残酷(cruel)的天气。船，不幸地(unfortunately)，失去了，但幸运地(fortunately)，没有人丧生。珀西领到工资(wage)，给侄子(nephew)买了礼物，在一所公司(corporate)学校学习，成为一份好工作的有力候选人(candidate)。他喜欢和朋友打橄榄球(rugby)、用木制球拍(bat)打乒乓球，铭记着队长的指导(guidance)。他过着体面(decent)的生活，把温馨(cosy)的家保持温暖，换上新的家具(furniture)，还学会了修理自己旧汽车的发动机(motor)。他阅读儒家学说(Confucianism)的智慧和广告(advertising)的艺术，并学会诚实为自己的小生意做广告(advertise)。他的勇气故事激励了所有认识他的人。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 adversity n.逆境 adverse (adj.) 不利的；adversely (adv.) 不利地 2 expedition n.探险 expeditionary (adj.) 远征的；expeditions (复数) 3 endurance n.忍耐力 endure (v.) 忍受；enduring (adj.) 持久的；endured (过去式) 4 vigour n.精力 vigorous (adj.) 精力充沛的；vigorously (adv.) 精力充沛地 5 qualified adj.符合资格的 qualify (v.) 使合格；qualification (n.) 资格；qualifying (现在分词) 6 enthusiastic adj.热情的 enthusiasm (n.) 热情；enthusiast (n.) 热衷者；enthusiastically (adv.) 热情地 7 assign vt.分派 assignment (n.) 任务；作业；assigned (过去式)；assigning (现在分词) 8 envy n.&vt.羡慕 envious (adj.) 羡慕的；enviable (adj.) 令人羡慕的；envied (过去式) 9 abandon vt.放弃 abandoned (过去式/adj.) 被抛弃的；abandonment (n.) 抛弃 10 miserable adj.痛苦的 misery (n.) 痛苦；miserably (adv.) 痛苦地 11 voyage n.&vi.航海 voyager (n.) 航海者；voyages (复数)；voyaged (过去式) 12 perseverance n.毅力 persevere (vi.) 坚持；persevering (adj.) 坚持不懈的；perseveringly (adv.) 坚持不懈地 13 resolve v.&n.决心 resolute (adj.) 坚决的；resolved (过去式)；resolution (n.) 决心；决议 14 fortunate adj.幸运的 fortunately (adv.) 幸运地；unfortunately (adv.) 不幸地；fortune (n.) 运气 15 commitment n.承诺 commit (v.) 承诺；犯；committed (过去式)；committing (现在分词) 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（30题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 第 1 / 12 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（20个） 1. adversity → __________ 2. expedition → __________ 3. endurance → __________ 4. vigour → __________ 5. qualified → __________ 6. enthusiastic → __________ 7. assign → __________ 8. envy → __________ 9. abandon → __________ 10. miserable → __________ 11. voyage → __________ 12. perseverance → __________ 13. resolve → __________ 14. cruel → __________ 15. thorough → __________ 16. loyal → __________ 17. commitment → __________ 18. motive → __________ 19. candidate → __________ 20. genuine → __________ 子题B：中译英（10个） 1. 工资 → __________ 2. 乘务员 → __________ 3. 毯子 → __________ 4. 炉具 → __________ 5. 财物 → __________ 6. 班卓琴 → __________ 7. 橄榄球 → __________ 8. 侄子 → __________ 9. 家具 → __________ 10. 生火 → __________ 题型2：词形变换（10题） 1. The captain was deeply impressed by the young man's __________ (vigour) efforts to help the crew on board in every possible way. 2. The sailors learned to __________ (endurance) the terrible cold and hunger during the long winter without complaint day after day. 3. The young man's excellent __________ (qualified) for the difficult job on the ship impressed the experienced leader greatly. 4. The sailors welcomed the new steward with great __________ (enthusiastic) and warm smiles on their faces. 5. The leader __________ (assign) a difficult task to each man before the dangerous journey began. 6. The man looked at the beautiful car with __________ (envy) eyes and wished that he could own one. 7. The sudden __________ (abandon) of the old ship surprised no one at that time, because the ice had crushed it completely. 8. The men lived in great __________ (miserable) on the frozen sea, but they never stopped hoping for rescue. 9. The leader's strong __________ (resolve) encouraged the whole crew to face the danger bravely. 10. Perce was deeply __________ (commitment) to his team, and he always put the needs of others before himself the whole time. 题型3：短语填空（3题） 从方框中选择短语，用正确形式填空： turn sb. down；make fire；give off 1. The brave young man asked to join the expedition, but the leader ___________ because there were too many men. 2. On the frozen island, the men had to __________ with wet wood and dry leaves to keep themselves warm. 3. The small fire was able to __________ enough heat and light to keep the tired men warm at night. 题型4：完成句子（10题） 1. 这位年轻人为加入探险队感到兴奋，他充满活力，并且是一名合格的乘务员。 The young man was __________ about joining the __________, and he was full of __________ and a qualified steward of great ability. 2. 船长拒绝了他，但他偷偷藏到船上，最终被接受为一名乘务员。 The captain __________ him __________, but he hid aboard the old ship and was finally accepted as a __________ on the ship at last. 3. 冰层压坏了船，船员们不得不弃船，只带走最必要的东西。 The ice __________ the ship, and the crew had to __________ the ship and take only the most necessary things. 4. 在冰冻海面上的生活十分痛苦，潮湿的衣服永远干不了。 Life on the frozen sea was extremely __________, and the __________ clothes never dried at all day after day in the long winter. 5. 队长教导大家在希望似乎已经消失时也要坚持，正是这种坚韧拯救了整个团队。 The leader taught the men to __________ even when hope seemed to have gone, and this __________ saved the whole team. 6. 不幸的是船失去了，但幸运的是没有一个人丧生，这让大家深感欣慰。 __________, the ship was lost, but __________, no man lost his life, and everyone felt deeply relieved by the good news at last. 7. 这位忠诚的领航员带领小船穿过了汹涌的大海，最终到达了小岛。 The __________ navigator led the small boat across the __________ sea and finally reached the island after a long and hard journey. 8. 火堆能放出足够的热和光，让疲惫不堪的人们在寒冷的夜晚保持温暖。 The small fire was able to __________ enough __________ and light to keep the tired men warm through the long cold night. 9. 他领到工资后，给侄子买了礼物，给母亲买了暖和的外套。 After he received his __________, he bought a small gift for his young __________ and a warm coat for his mother at the market. 10. 整个经历彻底考验了他的勇气，使他变得更坚强、更有决心。 The whole __________ tested his courage in a thorough way and made him stronger and more __________ than ever before. 题型5：句型同义转换：用本单元单词或短语作答 1. The leader refused the young man because the ship already had enough men. → The leader __________ the young man because the ship already had enough men. 2. The men had to leave the ship and take only the most necessary things. → The men had to __________ the ship and take only the most necessary things. 3. The brave leader made up his mind to find help for his men. → The brave leader made a firm __________ to find help for his men. 4. The sailors were very happy and full of energy when the rescue ship arrived. → The sailors were full of __________ when the rescue ship arrived. 5. Perce was accepted because he had the right skills for the job. → Perce was accepted because he was __________ for the job. 题型6：单句语法填空（10题） 1. The ship __________ (strike) by the ice and began to sink slowly into the dark sea. 2. The crew spent the whole night __________ (repair) the small boat with great care. 3. The leader told the men that they had to keep __________ (move) forward on the ice. 4. This story is even __________ (exciting) than the film we saw last week. 5. Perce was one of the youngest __________ (member) of the whole expedition team. 6. The tired men stopped __________ (rest) for a while before they continued their journey. 7. The boat had been sailing for days before the men __________ (see) the island. 8. It is important for every sailor __________ (stay) calm in a dangerous situation. 9. The men __________ (save) by a rescue ship at last after many hard months. 10. The leader's brave decision __________ (influence) the lives of all the men deeply. 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） In 1914, the famous explorer Shackleton wanted to cross the Antarctic, so he placed an advertisement in a London newspaper: "Men wanted for a dangerous journey. Small wages, bitter cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, and safe return uncertain." A young man named Perce read the news and made up his mind to join the great expedition. He was full of vigour and hope, and he believed that this was the greatest chance of his life. He asked to join, but the leader at first refused him because the ship already had enough men; however, Perce hid on the ship and refused to leave, and his strong will finally won him a place as a steward on board. The ship, called the Endurance, sailed south for many weeks, and everything went well at first. The men were young and enthusiastic, and they worked hard to keep the ship clean and warm. But then the terrible winter came, and the ice caught the ship and held it fast. One night, the pressure of the ice crushed the ship, and the men knew that they had to leave it forever. It was a hard decision to abandon the ship, but there was no other way, and they watched sadly as it sank into the dark water. Life on the ice was extremely miserable: the wind was bitter and cold, the damp clothes never dried, and everyone felt tired and hungry. The leader stayed calm and strong, and he told the men to be good-tempered and patient and never to be selfish. The leader decided to take a small boat and sail to South Georgia Island to find help. He chose the most skilled navigator and the strongest men for the dangerous task, while the rest of the crew stayed behind. The little boat crossed the stormy sea, and the men fought against the huge waves with all their strength. The sea was so rough that huge waves washed over the small boat again and again. They tried to make fire with wet wood, and the fire could give off enough heat to warm their frozen hands. After many days of danger and fear, they finally reached the island, and their courage brought hope to the whole team. At last, every man was saved, and the whole world praised the leader's courage and wisdom. Perce returned home safely, and he never forgot the lessons of that journey. He had learned that perseverance and commitment can overcome any difficulty, and that a strong team can survive even the greatest adversity. He often told his friends that the secret of success lies not in luck, but in never giving up. 1. Why did Perce want to join the expedition? A. Because he believed it was the greatest chance of his life. B. Because he wanted to earn a lot of money. C. Because his family asked him to go. D. Because he was tired of his old job. 2. What does the underlined word "abandon" in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. To leave something forever and never come back. B. To repair something with great care. C. To paint something in a bright colour. D. To carry something to a new place. 3. What can we infer about the leader from the passage? A. He was calm, strong and cared deeply about his men. B. He was afraid of the sea and gave up easily. C. He did not trust any of his sailors. D. He left his men alone on the ice. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to sail a boat across a stormy sea. B. A young man's experience on a dangerous expedition that taught him courage and perseverance. C. Why the Antarctic is a beautiful place. D. How to become a good steward on a ship. 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：Adversity and Courage） 类别 词汇 同义词 / 近义 相关词 / 话题 行为动词 描述词 短语 / 搭配 B. 易混词辨析（4组，每组3小题） 第1组：abandon / abandoned / abandonment (1) The captain had to __________ (放弃) the ship because the ice had crushed it completely. (2) The __________ (被遗弃的) boat was found on the shore many years later. (3) The sudden __________ (抛弃) of the plan surprised everyone on the team. 第2组：persevere / perseverance / persevering (1) We must __________ (坚持) even when the task seems impossible to finish. (2) His great __________ (毅力) helped him survive the hardest days on the ice. (3) The __________ (坚持不懈的) young man finally won the respect of the whole team. 第3组：resolve / resolution / resolute (1) The leader made a firm __________ (决心) to save every man on the ship. (2) The new year __________ (决心) of the students was to study harder and help others. (3) With a __________ (坚决的) heart, the navigator sailed the boat through the storm. 第4组：bitter / bitterly / bitterness (1) The wind was __________ (严寒的) and cold, and the men could hardly move. (2) The old man cried __________ (痛苦地) when he remembered his lost friends. (3) There was no __________ (怨恨) in his heart after the difficult journey. C. 跨单元微循环（15题，复习 选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 词汇（教学进度的上一单元）） 1. Factories should reduce their __________ (排放) of harmful gases, because clean and fresh air is important for everyone's health in the city. 2. We must find a __________ (可持续的) way to use our valuable natural resources without harming the environment in any way for the future. 3. The government is working hard __________ (世界各地的) to protect the environment and fight against climate change year after year in our lifetime. 4. The new law places a very strict __________ (限制) on the use of plastic bags in all the supermarkets of our city centre. 5. We should always __________ (抓住) every chance to save water and electricity in our daily life at home and at school every day. 6. The school will __________ (实施) a new and practical plan to sort the garbage into different bins for recycling next term at our school. 7. People should live in a __________ (和谐的) way with nature and protect every living thing on the whole beautiful earth around us. 8. The company must __________ (提交) its annual report on pollution to the government before the end of this year without any delay. 9. In __________ (热带的) areas of the world, the green jungle is disappearing very quickly because of human activities and the serious climate change. 10. The volunteers helped to __________ (恢复) the badly polluted river and plant new trees along both of its green banks last spring. 11. The careful __________ (保护) of the environment is the common duty of every citizen and every country in the whole wide world. 12. Anyone who breaks the environmental __________ (规章) will be strictly punished by the local government in this city without any excuse or delay. 13. The students started a green __________ (运动) to encourage people to use fewer plastic products in their daily lives at home and at school. 14. The workers cleaned the dirty old __________ (水道) near the factory and removed all the harmful waste from it completely last month. 15. The local government will __________ (对…处以罚款) the company heavily if it continues to pollute the clean and beautiful river near the town. 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 4 Adversity and Courage，共61词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 adversity n. 困境；逆境 2 wage n. 工资 3 bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的 4 expedition n. 探险；远征；探险队 5 endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力 6 vigour n. 精力；力量；活动 7 turn sb. down 拒绝(某人) 8 qualified adj. 符合资格；具…知识/技能 9 enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 10 aboard adv.&prep. 上(船/飞机等) 11 cupboard n. 橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 12 assign vt. 分派；布置；分配 13 steward n. (轮船/飞机/火车)乘务员 14 envy n.&vt. 羡慕；妒忌 15 crush vt.&n. 毁坏；压坏；拥挤的人群 16 sink vi.&vt. 沉没；下沉；使下沉 17 abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃 18 stove n. 炉具；厨房灶具 19 blanket n. 毯子 20 belongings n. 财物；动产 21 banjo n. 班卓琴(乐器) 22 miserable adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的 23 voyage n.&vi. 航海；航行 24 navy n. 海军；海军部队 25 decent adj. 相当不错的；正派的 26 cosy adj. 温馨的；舒适的 27 selfish adj. 自私的 28 good-tempered adj. 脾气好的 29 bad-tempered adj. 脾气坏的 30 genuine adj. 真正的；真诚的 31 perseverance n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠精神 32 persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求 33 resolve v.&n. 决定；决心 34 resolution n. 决议；解决；坚定 35 crew n. (轮船/飞机)全体工作人员 36 cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 37 thorough adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的 38 furniture n. 家具 39 unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地 40 fortunately adv. 幸运地 41 bark vi.&n. (狗)吠叫；吠叫声 42 rugby n. 橄榄球运动 43 bat n.&v. 球拍；蝙蝠；用球板击球 44 damp adj. 潮湿的；湿气重的 45 recreation n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏 46 guidance n. 指导；引导；导航 47 nephew n. 侄子；外甥 48 advertising n. 广告活动；广告业 49 advertise vt.&vi. 公布；宣传；做广告 50 corporate adj. 公司的；法人的；社团的 51 rough adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的 52 navigator n. 领航员；(飞机/船)航行者 53 loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的 54 motor n.&adj. 发动机；马达；有引擎的 55 candidate n. 候选人；应试者 56 make fire 生火 57 give off 放出(热/光/气味/气体) 58 episode n. (人生)一段经历；小说片段 59 commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献 60 motive n. 动机；原因；目的 61 Confucianism n. 孔子学说；儒家(学说) 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $