专题03 Unit 3 Environmental Protection-【语境大串记】 词汇语境串记单元学案 -2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

该高中英语学案以“环境保护”为主题，聚焦选择性必修三Unit 3词汇复习，通过“语境串记-词形转变-梯度练习-关联拓展”的递进式设计，构建从词汇输入到综合应用的完整学习路径，帮助学生在真实情境中理解和记忆单元核心词汇。 亮点在于“情境化词汇学习”与“个性化巩固”结合，如英文故事《A Green Mission for Our Planet》将59个单元词汇融入环保主题语境，培养语言能力；梯度练习涵盖英汉互译、词形变换等题型，提升思维品质；“顽固词库”让学生记录易错词，发展学习能力，为教师实施单元复习提供系统且针对性的教学支持。

专题03 第三单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（人教版2019） （ 知识点来源： 选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 3 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 4 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 8 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 3 Environmental Protection，共59词） 10 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 12 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） A Green Mission for Our Planet Lily was a senior student who cared deeply about the environment, and she often studied the latest graphs and reports about our planet. The trend shown in those graphs worried her greatly: global temperatures were rising frequently, and the ice in the polar regions was beginning to melt at an alarming speed. She watched documentaries about the Antarctica, where the seals and penguins were losing their homes. The main cause was clear: the huge emission of carbon dioxide and other gases from factories and cars, which human beings release into the air every single day. Clean energy such as wind and sunlight is becoming more popular every year. Our modern way of life depends too much on fossil fuels such as coal and oil, which come from ancient fossils and fuel the world's engines. Burning them produces carbon, methane and other harmful gases that form a thick smog over many big cities. As the climate changes, many areas may become less habitable, and some poor countries may even starve as crops fail year after year. The ecology of the oceans is also in danger. In tropical areas, the jungle is disappearing quickly, and the loss of trees has caused great chaos in the local climate. Many sensitive plants and animals cannot survive such rapid changes, and these problems did not originate in one country; they affect the whole world and every living thing. To change this situation, governments around the world have begun to carry out a comprehensive plan to protect the environment. They have made new laws and policies, set strict restrictions on factories, and started a worldwide campaign to reduce the carbon footprint of every person. Companies are asked to restrict their use of energy, to reform their old production methods, and to implement green technology without delay. Many businesses now submit their annual reports on pollution, and inspectors check these reports carefully during each inspection. Anyone who breaks the regulations may receive a heavy fine, and every disposal of dangerous waste must be done in a safe way. These measures have brought real progress worldwide, but the volume of dangerous gases is still too high. Some countries are turning to nuclear energy as a cleaner source of power. Lily decided to do something for her own school. She started a green campaign, and she persuaded her friends to seize every chance to protect the environment, such as taking buses instead of private cars and throwing garbage into the correct bins. Her teachers supported her, and the headmaster even put the project on the school's agenda. The students learned to tolerate small inconveniences for the sake of nature, and they helped to restore a local park and clean the waterway near their school. They also planted trees in the basin of the nearby river, counted a dozen wild birds, and studied dozens of different species in the local forest. Lily and her friends founded a small green enterprise that collected old paper, and the local radio station broadcast their success. The park near their school became green and beautiful again, and the birds came back to sing in the trees. Slowly, Lily understood that we should live in a harmonious way with nature, that we must undergo changes in our daily habits, and that a moderate and responsible lifestyle is the key to a better future. She made a speech on behalf of her class, and she told everyone that every small action can sustain the earth, that the level of carbon dioxide must be reduced, and that the future of our planet depends on conservation and a sustainable way of life. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 莉莉是一名非常关心环境的高中生，她经常研究关于我们星球的最新图表(graph)和报告。那些图表显示的趋势(trend)令她十分担忧：全球气温频繁(frequently)上升，极地地区的冰层开始以惊人的速度融化(melt)。她观看关于南极的纪录片，片中南极的海豹(seal)与企鹅(penguin)正因气候变迁而失去家园。主要原因很清楚：工厂和汽车排放(emission)出大量二氧化碳(carbon dioxide)和其他气体，人类每天都在向空气中释放(release)它们。风能和太阳能等清洁能源每年都变得越来越受欢迎。 我们现代的生活方式过度依赖化石燃料(fossil fuel)，如煤和石油，它们来自远古化石(fossil)的遗骸，为世界的引擎提供燃料(fuel)。燃烧它们会产生碳(carbon)、甲烷(methane)和其他有害气体，在许多大城市上空形成厚厚的烟雾(smog)。随着气候的变化，许多地区可能变得不再适合居住(habitable)，一些贫穷国家甚至可能因为农作物连年歉收而挨饿(starve)。海洋的生态(ecology)也处于危险之中。在热带(tropical)地区，丛林(jungle)正在迅速消失，树木的丧失给当地气候造成了巨大的混乱(chaos)。许多敏感(sensitive)的动植物无法在这样的剧变中生存，而这些问题并非起源于(originate)某一个国家；它们影响着整个世界和每一个生灵。 为了改变这种状况，世界各国政府开始实施一项全面(comprehensive)的环保计划。他们制定了新的法律和政策(policy)，对工厂实行严格的限制(restriction)，并发起一场全球运动来减少每个人的碳足迹(footprint)。企业被要求限制(restrict)能源使用、改革(reform)旧的生产方式，并毫不拖延地实施(implement)绿色技术。许多企业现在会提交(submit)年度(annual)污染报告，检查员会在每一次检查(inspection)中仔细核查。任何违反规章(regulation)的人都可能被处以高额罚款(fine)，而危险废物的每一次处理(disposal)都必须以安全的方式进行。这些措施在世界各地(worldwide)取得了切实进展，但危险气体的总量(volume)仍然过高。一些国家甚至开始转向核(nuclear)能这一更清洁的能源，科学家们也在继续研究保护地球的新方法。风能和阳光等清洁能源越来越受欢迎，许多国家正在建设使用清洁能源的新电厂。 莉莉决定为自己的学校做点事。她发起了一场绿色运动(campaign)，并说服朋友们抓住(seize)每一个保护环境的机会，比如乘坐公交车而不是私家车，把垃圾(garbage)扔进正确的垃圾桶。老师们支持她，校长甚至把这个项目列入了学校的议程表(agenda)。学生们学会为了自然而忍受(tolerate)一些小小的不便，他们还帮助修复(restore)了当地的公园，清理了学校附近的水道(waterway)。他们还在附近河流的流域(basin)里种树，数了整整一打(dozen)野鸟，并研究了当地森林中许多(dozens of)不同物种。莉莉和朋友们创办了一家小型绿色企业(enterprise)，收集旧纸张和瓶子，当地广播电台甚至播送(broadcast)了他们成功的消息。学校附近的公园重新变得绿意盎然、美丽如初，鸟儿们又飞回树丛中歌唱。慢慢地，莉莉明白了我们应该与自然和谐(harmonious)相处，必须经历(undergo)日常习惯的改变，而适度(moderate)而负责任的生活方式是更美好未来的关键。她代表(on behalf of)全班发表演讲，告诉所有人，每一个小小的行动都能维持(sustain)地球，二氧化碳(dioxide)的水平必须降低，我们星球的未来取决于对环境的保护(conservation)和可持续(sustainable)的生活方式。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 emission n.排放 emit (vt.) 排放；emitted (过去式)；emitting (现在分词) 2 melt vi.&vt.融化 melted (过去式)；melting (adj.) 融化的；molten (adj.) 熔化的 3 starve vi.&vt.挨饿 starvation (n.) 挨饿；starving (adj.) 饥饿的；starved (过去式) 4 ecology n.生态 ecological (adj.) 生态的；ecologist (n.) 生态学家；ecologically (adv.) 生态上 5 release vt.&n.排放 released (过去式)；releasing (现在分词)；release (n.) 排放 6 sustain vt.维持 sustainable (adj.) 可持续的；sustainability (n.) 可持续性；sustained (过去式) 7 comprehensive adj.全面的 comprehensively (adv.) 全面地；comprehensiveness (n.) 全面性 8 trend n.趋势 trendy (adj.) 时髦的；trends (复数)；trending (adj.) 流行的 9 frequently adv.频繁地 frequent (adj.) 频繁的；frequency (n.) 频率；infrequent (adj.) 不常发生的 10 broadcast v.播送 broadcaster (n.) 播音员；broadcasting (n.) 广播；broadcast (过去式) 11 restrict vt.限制 restriction (n.) 限制；restrictive (adj.) 限制性的；restricted (过去式) 12 seize vt.抓住 seizure (n.) 夺取；seized (过去式)；seizing (现在分词) 13 undergo v.经历 underwent (过去式)；undergone (过去分词)；undergoing (现在分词) 14 implement vt.实施 implementation (n.) 实施；implemented (过去式)；implementing (现在分词) 15 restore vt.恢复 restoration (n.) 恢复；restored (过去式)；restoring (现在分词) 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（30题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 第 1 / 12 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（20个） 1. emission → __________ 2. melt → __________ 3. starve → __________ 4. ecology → __________ 5. release → __________ 6. sustain → __________ 7. sustainable → __________ 8. comprehensive → __________ 9. trend → __________ 10. frequently → __________ 11. broadcast → __________ 12. policy → __________ 13. footprint → __________ 14. restrict → __________ 15. seize → __________ 16. undergo → __________ 17. implement → __________ 18. harmonious → __________ 19. submit → __________ 20. campaign → __________ 子题B：中译英（10个） 1. 图表 → __________ 2. 碳 → __________ 3. 海豹 → __________ 4. 企鹅 → __________ 5. 烟雾 → __________ 6. 垃圾 → __________ 7. 企业 → __________ 8. 罚款 → __________ 9. 议程表 → __________ 10. 年刊 → __________ 题型2：词形变换（10题） 1. The new law requires every factory to __________ (emission) fewer harmful gases into the air around our city from this year on. 2. The scientist at the research station measured the __________ (melt) ice in the polar region and recorded the rising temperature carefully day after day. 3. The terrible drought caused the __________ (starve) of thousands of unfortunate people in the whole poor country last year. 4. Burning too much fuel has caused serious __________ (ecology) damage to the beautiful natural forests and rivers in the area. 5. The factory __________ (release) a large amount of dirty water into the river last night, and the government fined it heavily. 6. We need to find a __________ (sustain) way to use our valuable natural resources without destroying the environment for the future. 7. The government will __________ (comprehensive) examine the serious pollution problem and make a new plan to solve it as soon as possible. 8. The __________ (frequently) strong storms have seriously damaged many beautiful buildings and roads along the low coast this summer. 9. The new rule places a strict __________ (restrict) on the use of private cars in the city centre during rush hours. 10. The old factory is __________ (undergo) great changes at present, and it will soon produce much less pollution than before. 题型3：短语填空（4题） 从方框中选择短语，用正确形式填空： carbon dioxide；fossil fuel；on behalf of；dozens of 1. Burning coal and oil produces a lot of __________, which is considered the main cause of global warming. 2. If we continue to burn __________ such as coal and oil, the temperature of the earth will keep rising. 3. The student made a speech __________ her whole class at the school meeting yesterday afternoon. 4. The volunteers planted __________ trees along the river last month to protect the local environment. 题型4：完成句子（10题） 1. 科学家绘制的图表显示，全球气温正在频繁上升，极地冰层开始融化。 The __________ drawn by scientists show that global temperatures are rising __________ and that the polar ice is beginning to __________. 2. 工厂向空气中排放大量二氧化碳和其他有害气体，在许多城市形成厚厚的烟雾。 Factories __________ large amounts of __________ and other harmful gases into the air, forming thick __________ over many cities. 3. 如果人们继续依赖化石燃料，许多地区可能变得不适合居住，一些人甚至会挨饿。 If people continue to rely on __________, many areas may become less __________, and some people may even __________. 4. 政府制定了新政策，对工厂实行严格限制，并要求它们提交年度污染报告。 The government has made new __________, set strict __________ on factories, and asked them to __________ their annual pollution reports. 5. 我国政府已开始在世界各地实施环保计划，以减少每个人的碳足迹。 The government in our country has begun to __________ environmental plans __________ and to reduce the carbon __________ of every single person. 6. 热带丛林正在迅速消失，树木的丧失年复一年地给当地气候造成了巨大的混乱。 The __________ jungle is disappearing quickly year after year, and the loss of trees has caused great __________ in the local climate. 7. 这家著名的绿色企业全面改革了旧的生产方式，并实施了新的清洁技术来逐年减少污染。 The famous green __________ has fully reformed its old and wasteful production methods and __________ new clean technology to reduce pollution year after year. 8. 学生们帮助修复了公园，清理了水道，并在附近河流的流域里种了树。 The students helped to __________ the park, cleaned the __________, and planted trees in the __________ of the nearby river. 9. 任何违反规章的人都可能被处以重罚，危险废物的处理必须安全进行。 Anyone who breaks the __________ may receive a heavy __________, and the __________ of dangerous waste must be done safely. 10. 她代表全班发表演讲，说每一个小行动都能维持地球的可持续未来。 She made a speech __________ her class, saying that every small action can __________ the earth and keep its future __________. 题型5：句型同义转换：用本单元单词或短语作答 1. The government is carrying out the new plan to protect the environment. → The government is __________ the new plan to protect the environment. 2. The polar ice is turning into water quickly. → The polar ice is __________ quickly. 3. The government has put limits on the use of private cars in the city. → The government has placed a __________ on the use of private cars in the city. 4. We must protect the environment for future generations. → We must work for the __________ of the environment for future generations. 5. The new rules stopped factories from polluting the river. → The new rules __________ factories from polluting the river. 题型6：单句语法填空（10题） 1. The greenhouse gases __________ (cause) global warming for many years. 2. More trees __________ (plant) along the river by the students last spring. 3. The government is considering __________ (pass) a new law against water pollution. 4. If we do not act now, the earth __________ (become) too hot for us to live on. 5. The students were praised for __________ (protect) the local birds and trees. 6. The river used to be clean, but now it is much __________ (dirty) than before. 7. The company was fined for __________ (throw) waste into the river without permission. 8. It took the workers two years __________ (build) the new water treatment plant. 9. The air quality in the city __________ (improve) greatly since the new policy began. 10. Listening to the birds in the trees __________ (make) the old man feel happy every morning. 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） Last summer, I took part in a study trip to the coast, where scientists were studying the effects of climate change. The leader showed us a large graph that clearly described the rising temperature of the earth over the past hundred years. She explained that the huge emission of harmful gases, especially carbon dioxide from factories and cars, was the main reason for the change. Because of global warming, the ice in the polar areas was beginning to melt, and the level of the sea was rising year after year. Many coastal towns were in great danger, and the local people felt that their homes might no longer be habitable in the future. During the trip, we also visited a small island where seals and seabirds lived. The scientists told us that the ecology of the sea was changing quickly, and that many sensitive animals were losing their homes. On the island we saw huge piles of garbage that had been washed up by the waves, and we spent a whole morning cleaning the beach. Some fishermen said that they had caught fewer fish in recent years. The experience made me understand that our daily habits, such as using too much plastic and burning fossil fuels, could bring great chaos to nature. We must not wait until it is too late to change our way of life. Back at school, I decided to do something practical. I started a green campaign with my classmates, and we made a detailed plan that included planting trees and saving water and electricity. Our teacher supported us and put our ideas on the school's agenda. We also wrote letters to the government, asking them to implement stricter policies and to place a heavy fine on factories that broke the regulations. Every month, we reported our progress in our annual summary, and we were happy to see that more and more students joined our small but meaningful action. A year later, our efforts began to show results. The park near our school became clean and green again, and the birds came back to sing in the trees. We even persuaded the local government to restore the old waterway that had been polluted for years, and to build a new waste disposal centre outside the town. Our story was broadcast on the local radio station, and many other schools began to follow our example. My friends and I felt very proud of what we had done together. I have learned that everyone can play a part in protecting the earth, and that the future of our planet depends on the small choices we make every single day. 1. What did the scientists show the students during the study trip? A. A large graph that described the rising temperature of the earth. B. A new kind of sea animal. C. A map of the local fishing areas. D. A collection of old photographs. 2. What does the underlined word "habitable" in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. Far away from the city. B. Full of dangerous animals. C. Too expensive to buy. D. Suitable for people to live in. 3. What can we infer about the writer's campaign? A. It failed completely at the beginning. B. It grew bigger and bigger as more students joined. C. It was stopped by the local government. D. It only lasted for one week. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to catch fish in the sea. B. A student's trip that taught her about climate change and inspired her to start an environmental campaign. C. Why the local radio station is popular. D. How to build a new waste disposal centre. 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：Environmental Protection） 类别 词汇 同义词 / 近义 相关词 / 话题 行为动词 描述词 短语 / 搭配 B. 易混词辨析（4组，每组3小题） 第1组：melt / melted / melting (1) The ice in the polar regions is beginning to __________ (融化) at an alarming speed. (2) The snow on the mountain __________ (融化) completely when spring came last year. (3) The __________ (融化的) ice has made the sea level rise year after year. 第2组：restrict / restriction / restricted (1) The new law will __________ (限制) the use of plastic bags in all supermarkets. (2) The government has placed a strict __________ (限制) on car emissions in the city centre. (3) The use of water is heavily __________ (受限制的) during the dry season. 第3组：sustain / sustainable / sustainability (1) The small farm can hardly __________ (维持) the lives of the whole family. (2) We must develop __________ (可持续的) energy to protect our planet. (3) The company cares about the __________ (可持续性) of its production methods. 第4组：reform / reformed / reformer (1) The factory will __________ (改革) its old production methods next year. (2) The government __________ (改革) the old rules last year to protect the river. (3) The famous __________ (改革家) called on people to save energy and protect nature. C. 跨单元微循环（15题，复习 选择性必修三 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle 词汇（教学进度的上一单元）） 1. He showed great __________ (自制力) in giving up smoking and drinking, and all his good friends admired his strong will and great determination. 2. Old people should not __________ (依赖) on others too much, because independence and self-confidence are very important for everyone in daily life. 3. The doctor __________ (检查) the patient's heart very carefully and told him to do more exercise every single day in the morning. 4. Don't always think about the __________ (消极的) side of things; instead, you should always look at the bright future with great hope and courage. 5. After losing his job, he felt very __________ (悲观的) about the future and gradually lost all interest in everything happening around him. 6. The famous and experienced __________ (外科医生) performed the difficult operation on the patient's chest very successfully in the morning at the big city hospital. 7. The unlucky patient had to stay in hospital for a whole week after the difficult and important __________ (外科手术) on his left knee. 8. Smoking a __________ (香烟) after dinner is a very common and bad habit that many people find extremely hard to give up. 9. Sadly, taking __________ (毒品) is extremely dangerous, and it can often completely destroy a young person's precious health, body and family in the end. 10. The kind and patient __________ (牙医) told him gently that sugary snacks were very bad for his teeth and his overall health. 11. If you stand up too quickly, you may feel __________ (头晕目眩的) for a short moment, so please be very careful at once. 12. Students should never __________ (跳过) breakfast in the morning, because a good and full breakfast helps them study much better at school. 13. Regular exercise can __________ (提高) your mood and make you feel more energetic, active and cheerful every day in the long run. 14. When the fire started, the brave teacher asked all the students to leave the classroom __________ (立即) safely and without any delay. 15. After a long and tiring day at heavy work, the workers felt completely __________ (筋疲力尽的) and just wanted to rest quietly at home. 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 3 Environmental Protection，共59词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 graph n. 图；图表；曲线图 2 emission n. 排放物；散发物；排放 3 melt vi.&vt. (使)融化；熔化；软化 4 starve vi.&vt. (使)挨饿；饿死 5 seal n. 海豹 6 ecology n. 生态；生态学 7 release vt.&n. 排放；释放；发布 8 methane n. 甲烷；沼气 9 carbon n. 碳 10 dioxide n. 二氧化物 11 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 12 habitable adj. 适合居住的 13 sustain vt. 维持；遭受；承受住 14 sustainable adj. 可持续的；合理利用的 15 fossil n. 化石 16 fuel n. 燃料；刺激性言行 17 fossil fuel 化石燃料(如煤或石油) 18 comprehensive adj. 全部的；所有的；详尽的 19 worldwide adv.&adj. 遍全球地；世界各地的 20 trend n. 趋势；趋向；动向 21 frequently adv. 频繁地；经常 22 broadcast v.&n. 播送；广播；广播节目 23 policy n. 政策；方针；原则 24 footprint n. 足迹；(某物所占)空间量 25 restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚 26 restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束 27 seize vt. 抓住；夺取；控制 28 basin n. 流域；盆地；盆 29 penguin n. 企鹅 30 reform v.&n. 改革；改正；改革；变革 31 undergo v. 经历；经受(变化/不快等) 32 implement vt. 使生效；贯彻；执行 33 harmonious adj. 和谐的 34 moderate adj.&v. 适度的；中等的；缓和 35 submit vt.&vi. 提交；呈递；屈服 36 annual adj.&n. 每年的；一年的；年刊 37 tropical adj. 热带的；来自热带的 38 chaos n. 混乱；杂乱；紊乱 39 on behalf of 代表(代替)某人 40 nuclear adj. 原子能的；核能的 41 sensitive adj. 敏感的；善解人意的 42 jungle n. (热带)丛林；密林 43 smog n. 烟雾(烟与雾混合污染物) 44 originate vi.&vt. 起源；发源；创立 45 volume n. 量；体积；(成套书中)一卷 46 garbage n. 垃圾；废物 47 enterprise n. 公司；企业；事业 48 restore vt. 恢复；使复原；修复 49 conservation n. 对(环境/文物)保护；保持 50 dozen n. (一)打；十二个 51 dozens of 许多；很多 52 regulation n. 章程；规章制度 53 disposal n. 去掉；清除；处理 54 inspection n. 检查；查看；视察 55 fine vt. 对…处以罚款 56 campaign n.&v. 运动；战役；参加运动 57 waterway n. 水道；航道 58 tolerate vt. 忍受；包容；容许 59 agenda n. 议程表；议事日程 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $专题03 第三单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（人教版2019） （ 知识点来源： 选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 3 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 4 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 11 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 3 Environmental Protection，共59词） 15 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 18 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） A Green Mission for Our Planet Lily was a senior student who cared deeply about the environment, and she often studied the latest graphs and reports about our planet. The trend shown in those graphs worried her greatly: global temperatures were rising frequently, and the ice in the polar regions was beginning to melt at an alarming speed. She watched documentaries about the Antarctica, where the seals and penguins were losing their homes. The main cause was clear: the huge emission of carbon dioxide and other gases from factories and cars, which human beings release into the air every single day. Clean energy such as wind and sunlight is becoming more popular every year. Our modern way of life depends too much on fossil fuels such as coal and oil, which come from ancient fossils and fuel the world's engines. Burning them produces carbon, methane and other harmful gases that form a thick smog over many big cities. As the climate changes, many areas may become less habitable, and some poor countries may even starve as crops fail year after year. The ecology of the oceans is also in danger. In tropical areas, the jungle is disappearing quickly, and the loss of trees has caused great chaos in the local climate. Many sensitive plants and animals cannot survive such rapid changes, and these problems did not originate in one country; they affect the whole world and every living thing. To change this situation, governments around the world have begun to carry out a comprehensive plan to protect the environment. They have made new laws and policies, set strict restrictions on factories, and started a worldwide campaign to reduce the carbon footprint of every person. Companies are asked to restrict their use of energy, to reform their old production methods, and to implement green technology without delay. Many businesses now submit their annual reports on pollution, and inspectors check these reports carefully during each inspection. Anyone who breaks the regulations may receive a heavy fine, and every disposal of dangerous waste must be done in a safe way. These measures have brought real progress worldwide, but the volume of dangerous gases is still too high. Some countries are turning to nuclear energy as a cleaner source of power. Lily decided to do something for her own school. She started a green campaign, and she persuaded her friends to seize every chance to protect the environment, such as taking buses instead of private cars and throwing garbage into the correct bins. Her teachers supported her, and the headmaster even put the project on the school's agenda. The students learned to tolerate small inconveniences for the sake of nature, and they helped to restore a local park and clean the waterway near their school. They also planted trees in the basin of the nearby river, counted a dozen wild birds, and studied dozens of different species in the local forest. Lily and her friends founded a small green enterprise that collected old paper, and the local radio station broadcast their success. The park near their school became green and beautiful again, and the birds came back to sing in the trees. Slowly, Lily understood that we should live in a harmonious way with nature, that we must undergo changes in our daily habits, and that a moderate and responsible lifestyle is the key to a better future. She made a speech on behalf of her class, and she told everyone that every small action can sustain the earth, that the level of carbon dioxide must be reduced, and that the future of our planet depends on conservation and a sustainable way of life. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 莉莉是一名非常关心环境的高中生，她经常研究关于我们星球的最新图表(graph)和报告。那些图表显示的趋势(trend)令她十分担忧：全球气温频繁(frequently)上升，极地地区的冰层开始以惊人的速度融化(melt)。她观看关于南极的纪录片，片中南极的海豹(seal)与企鹅(penguin)正因气候变迁而失去家园。主要原因很清楚：工厂和汽车排放(emission)出大量二氧化碳(carbon dioxide)和其他气体，人类每天都在向空气中释放(release)它们。风能和太阳能等清洁能源每年都变得越来越受欢迎。 我们现代的生活方式过度依赖化石燃料(fossil fuel)，如煤和石油，它们来自远古化石(fossil)的遗骸，为世界的引擎提供燃料(fuel)。燃烧它们会产生碳(carbon)、甲烷(methane)和其他有害气体，在许多大城市上空形成厚厚的烟雾(smog)。随着气候的变化，许多地区可能变得不再适合居住(habitable)，一些贫穷国家甚至可能因为农作物连年歉收而挨饿(starve)。海洋的生态(ecology)也处于危险之中。在热带(tropical)地区，丛林(jungle)正在迅速消失，树木的丧失给当地气候造成了巨大的混乱(chaos)。许多敏感(sensitive)的动植物无法在这样的剧变中生存，而这些问题并非起源于(originate)某一个国家；它们影响着整个世界和每一个生灵。 为了改变这种状况，世界各国政府开始实施一项全面(comprehensive)的环保计划。他们制定了新的法律和政策(policy)，对工厂实行严格的限制(restriction)，并发起一场全球运动来减少每个人的碳足迹(footprint)。企业被要求限制(restrict)能源使用、改革(reform)旧的生产方式，并毫不拖延地实施(implement)绿色技术。许多企业现在会提交(submit)年度(annual)污染报告，检查员会在每一次检查(inspection)中仔细核查。任何违反规章(regulation)的人都可能被处以高额罚款(fine)，而危险废物的每一次处理(disposal)都必须以安全的方式进行。这些措施在世界各地(worldwide)取得了切实进展，但危险气体的总量(volume)仍然过高。一些国家甚至开始转向核(nuclear)能这一更清洁的能源，科学家们也在继续研究保护地球的新方法。风能和阳光等清洁能源越来越受欢迎，许多国家正在建设使用清洁能源的新电厂。 莉莉决定为自己的学校做点事。她发起了一场绿色运动(campaign)，并说服朋友们抓住(seize)每一个保护环境的机会，比如乘坐公交车而不是私家车，把垃圾(garbage)扔进正确的垃圾桶。老师们支持她，校长甚至把这个项目列入了学校的议程表(agenda)。学生们学会为了自然而忍受(tolerate)一些小小的不便，他们还帮助修复(restore)了当地的公园，清理了学校附近的水道(waterway)。他们还在附近河流的流域(basin)里种树，数了整整一打(dozen)野鸟，并研究了当地森林中许多(dozens of)不同物种。莉莉和朋友们创办了一家小型绿色企业(enterprise)，收集旧纸张和瓶子，当地广播电台甚至播送(broadcast)了他们成功的消息。学校附近的公园重新变得绿意盎然、美丽如初，鸟儿们又飞回树丛中歌唱。慢慢地，莉莉明白了我们应该与自然和谐(harmonious)相处，必须经历(undergo)日常习惯的改变，而适度(moderate)而负责任的生活方式是更美好未来的关键。她代表(on behalf of)全班发表演讲，告诉所有人，每一个小小的行动都能维持(sustain)地球，二氧化碳(dioxide)的水平必须降低，我们星球的未来取决于对环境的保护(conservation)和可持续(sustainable)的生活方式。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 emission n.排放 emit (vt.) 排放；emitted (过去式)；emitting (现在分词) 2 melt vi.&vt.融化 melted (过去式)；melting (adj.) 融化的；molten (adj.) 熔化的 3 starve vi.&vt.挨饿 starvation (n.) 挨饿；starving (adj.) 饥饿的；starved (过去式) 4 ecology n.生态 ecological (adj.) 生态的；ecologist (n.) 生态学家；ecologically (adv.) 生态上 5 release vt.&n.排放 released (过去式)；releasing (现在分词)；release (n.) 排放 6 sustain vt.维持 sustainable (adj.) 可持续的；sustainability (n.) 可持续性；sustained (过去式) 7 comprehensive adj.全面的 comprehensively (adv.) 全面地；comprehensiveness (n.) 全面性 8 trend n.趋势 trendy (adj.) 时髦的；trends (复数)；trending (adj.) 流行的 9 frequently adv.频繁地 frequent (adj.) 频繁的；frequency (n.) 频率；infrequent (adj.) 不常发生的 10 broadcast v.播送 broadcaster (n.) 播音员；broadcasting (n.) 广播；broadcast (过去式) 11 restrict vt.限制 restriction (n.) 限制；restrictive (adj.) 限制性的；restricted (过去式) 12 seize vt.抓住 seizure (n.) 夺取；seized (过去式)；seizing (现在分词) 13 undergo v.经历 underwent (过去式)；undergone (过去分词)；undergoing (现在分词) 14 implement vt.实施 implementation (n.) 实施；implemented (过去式)；implementing (现在分词) 15 restore vt.恢复 restoration (n.) 恢复；restored (过去式)；restoring (现在分词) 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（30题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 第 11 / 18 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（20个） 1. emission → __________ 2. melt → __________ 3. starve → __________ 4. ecology → __________ 5. release → __________ 6. sustain → __________ 7. sustainable → __________ 8. comprehensive → __________ 9. trend → __________ 10. frequently → __________ 11. broadcast → __________ 12. policy → __________ 13. footprint → __________ 14. restrict → __________ 15. seize → __________ 16. undergo → __________ 17. implement → __________ 18. harmonious → __________ 19. submit → __________ 20. campaign → __________ 子题B：中译英（10个） 1. 图表 → __________ 2. 碳 → __________ 3. 海豹 → __________ 4. 企鹅 → __________ 5. 烟雾 → __________ 6. 垃圾 → __________ 7. 企业 → __________ 8. 罚款 → __________ 9. 议程表 → __________ 10. 年刊 → __________ 【答案与解析】 子题A（英译中）： 1. emission — 排放物 2. melt — 融化 3. starve — 挨饿 4. ecology — 生态 5. release — 排放 6. sustain — 维持 7. sustainable — 可持续的 8. comprehensive — 全面的 9. trend — 趋势 10. frequently — 频繁地 11. broadcast — 播送 12. policy — 政策 13. footprint — 足迹 14. restrict — 限制 15. seize — 抓住 16. undergo — 经历 17. implement — 实施 18. harmonious — 和谐的 19. submit — 提交 20. campaign — 运动 子题B（中译英）： 1. graph 2. carbon 3. seal 4. penguin 5. smog 6. garbage 7. enterprise 8. fine 9. agenda 10. annual 题型2：词形变换（10题） 1. The new law requires every factory to __________ (emission) fewer harmful gases into the air around our city from this year on. 答案： emit 解析：句意： 新法律要求本市每家工厂从今年起向空气中排放更少的有害气体；emission 的动词 emit 表示"排放"，require sb. to do 后用原形。 2. The scientist at the research station measured the __________ (melt) ice in the polar region and recorded the rising temperature carefully day after day. 答案： melting 解析：句意： 研究站的科学家测量了极地地区融化的冰层，并日复一日地仔细记录不断上升的温度；melt 的现在分词 melting 作形容词表示"融化的"，修饰 ice。 3. The terrible drought caused the __________ (starve) of thousands of unfortunate people in the whole poor country last year. 答案： starvation 解析：句意： 去年，可怕的干旱使整个贫穷国家成千上万不幸的人挨饿；starve 的名词 starvation 表示"挨饿"，作宾语。 4. Burning too much fuel has caused serious __________ (ecology) damage to the beautiful natural forests and rivers in the area. 答案： ecological 解析：句意： 燃烧过多燃料已对该地区美丽自然的森林和河流造成了严重的生态破坏；ecology 的形容词 ecological 表示"生态的"，修饰 damage。 5. The factory __________ (release) a large amount of dirty water into the river last night, and the government fined it heavily. 答案： released 解析：句意： 这家工厂昨晚向河里排放了大量污水，政府对其处以重罚；release 的过去式 released 表示"排放"，构成一般过去时。 6. We need to find a __________ (sustain) way to use our valuable natural resources without destroying the environment for the future. 答案： sustainable 解析：句意： 我们需要找到一种可持续的方式来利用宝贵的自然资源，而不为未来毁掉环境；sustain 的形容词 sustainable 表示"可持续的"，修饰 way。 7. The government will __________ (comprehensive) examine the serious pollution problem and make a new plan to solve it as soon as possible. 答案： comprehensively 解析：句意： 政府将全面审视这一严重的污染问题，并尽快制定新的解决方案；comprehensive 的副词 comprehensively 表示"全面地"，修饰 examine。 8. The __________ (frequently) strong storms have seriously damaged many beautiful buildings and roads along the low coast this summer. 答案： frequent 解析：句意： 今年夏天，频繁的强风暴严重毁坏了低海岸边许多美丽的建筑和道路；frequently 的形容词 frequent 表示"频繁的"，修饰 storms。 9. The new rule places a strict __________ (restrict) on the use of private cars in the city centre during rush hours. 答案： restriction 解析：句意： 新规定对高峰时段市中心私家车的使用实行了严格限制；restrict 的名词 restriction 表示"限制规定"，作宾语。 10. The old factory is __________ (undergo) great changes at present, and it will soon produce much less pollution than before. 答案： undergoing 解析：句意： 这家老工厂目前正在经历巨大的变革，很快它将产生比从前少得多的污染；undergo 的现在分词 undergoing 表示"正在经历"，构成进行时。 题型3：短语填空（4题） 从方框中选择短语，用正确形式填空： carbon dioxide；fossil fuel；on behalf of；dozens of 1. Burning coal and oil produces a lot of __________, which is considered the main cause of global warming. 答案： carbon dioxide 解析：句意： 燃烧煤和石油会产生大量二氧化碳，它被认为是全球变暖的主要原因；carbon dioxide 表示"二氧化碳"。 2. If we continue to burn __________ such as coal and oil, the temperature of the earth will keep rising. 答案： fossil fuel 解析：句意： 如果我们继续燃烧煤和石油等化石燃料，地球的温度将继续上升；fossil fuel 表示"化石燃料（如煤或石油）"。 3. The student made a speech __________ her whole class at the school meeting yesterday afternoon. 答案： on behalf of 解析：句意： 昨天下午，这位学生在校会上代表全班发表了演讲；on behalf of 表示"代表（代替）某人"。 4. The volunteers planted __________ trees along the river last month to protect the local environment. 答案： dozens of 解析：句意： 上个月，志愿者们沿河种了许多树以保护当地环境；dozens of 表示"许多；很多"。 题型4：完成句子（10题） 1. 科学家绘制的图表显示，全球气温正在频繁上升，极地冰层开始融化。 The __________ drawn by scientists show that global temperatures are rising __________ and that the polar ice is beginning to __________. 答案： graphs / frequently / melt 解析：句意： 科学家绘制的图表显示，全球气温正在频繁上升，极地冰层开始融化；graph 表示"图表"，此处用复数 graphs；frequently 表示"频繁地"；melt 表示"融化"。 2. 工厂向空气中排放大量二氧化碳和其他有害气体，在许多城市形成厚厚的烟雾。 Factories __________ large amounts of __________ and other harmful gases into the air, forming thick __________ over many cities. 答案： release / carbon dioxide / smog 解析：句意： 工厂向空气中排放大量二氧化碳和其他有害气体，在许多城市形成厚厚的烟雾；release 表示"排放"；carbon dioxide 表示"二氧化碳"；smog 表示"烟雾"。 3. 如果人们继续依赖化石燃料，许多地区可能变得不适合居住，一些人甚至会挨饿。 If people continue to rely on __________, many areas may become less __________, and some people may even __________. 答案： fossil fuel / habitable / starve 解析：句意： 如果人们继续依赖化石燃料，许多地区可能变得不适合居住，一些人甚至会挨饿；fossil fuel 表示"化石燃料"；habitable 表示"适合居住的"；starve 表示"挨饿"。 4. 政府制定了新政策，对工厂实行严格限制，并要求它们提交年度污染报告。 The government has made new __________, set strict __________ on factories, and asked them to __________ their annual pollution reports. 答案： policies / restrictions / submit 解析：句意： 政府制定了新政策，对工厂实行严格限制，并要求它们提交年度污染报告；policy 表示"政策"，此处用复数 policies；restriction 表示"限制规定"；submit 表示"提交"。 5. 我国政府已开始在世界各地实施环保计划，以减少每个人的碳足迹。 The government in our country has begun to __________ environmental plans __________ and to reduce the carbon __________ of every single person. 答案： implement / worldwide / footprint 解析：句意： 我国政府已开始在世界各地实施环保计划，以减少每个人的碳足迹；implement 表示"实施"；worldwide 表示"世界各地的"；footprint 表示"足迹"。 6. 热带丛林正在迅速消失，树木的丧失年复一年地给当地气候造成了巨大的混乱。 The __________ jungle is disappearing quickly year after year, and the loss of trees has caused great __________ in the local climate. 答案： tropical / chaos 解析：句意： 热带丛林正在迅速消失，树木的丧失年复一年地给当地气候造成了巨大的混乱；tropical 表示"热带的"；chaos 表示"混乱"。 7. 这家著名的绿色企业全面改革了旧的生产方式，并实施了新的清洁技术来逐年减少污染。 The famous green __________ has fully reformed its old and wasteful production methods and __________ new clean technology to reduce pollution year after year. 答案： enterprise / implemented 解析：句意： 这家著名的绿色企业全面改革了旧的生产方式，并实施了新的清洁技术来逐年减少污染；enterprise 表示"企业"；implement 表示"实施"，过去式 implemented。 8. 学生们帮助修复了公园，清理了水道，并在附近河流的流域里种了树。 The students helped to __________ the park, cleaned the __________, and planted trees in the __________ of the nearby river. 答案： restore / waterway / basin 解析：句意： 学生们帮助修复了公园，清理了水道，并在附近河流的流域里种了树；restore 表示"恢复；修复"；waterway 表示"水道"；basin 表示"流域；盆地"。 9. 任何违反规章的人都可能被处以重罚，危险废物的处理必须安全进行。 Anyone who breaks the __________ may receive a heavy __________, and the __________ of dangerous waste must be done safely. 答案： regulations / fine / disposal 解析：句意： 任何违反规章的人都可能被处以重罚，危险废物的处理必须安全进行；regulation 表示"规章"，此处用复数 regulations；fine 表示"罚款"；disposal 表示"处理"。 10. 她代表全班发表演讲，说每一个小行动都能维持地球的可持续未来。 She made a speech __________ her class, saying that every small action can __________ the earth and keep its future __________. 答案： on behalf of / sustain / sustainable 解析：句意： 她代表全班发表演讲，说每一个小行动都能维持地球的可持续未来；on behalf of 表示"代表"；sustain 表示"维持"；sustainable 表示"可持续的"。 题型5：句型同义转换：用本单元单词或短语作答 1. The government is carrying out the new plan to protect the environment. → The government is __________ the new plan to protect the environment. 答案： implementing 解析：句意： 政府正在实施保护环境的新计划；implement 表示"实施；执行"，进行时 implementing。 2. The polar ice is turning into water quickly. → The polar ice is __________ quickly. 答案： melting 解析：句意： 极地冰层正在迅速融化；melt 表示"融化"，进行时 melting。 3. The government has put limits on the use of private cars in the city. → The government has placed a __________ on the use of private cars in the city. 答案： restriction 解析：句意： 政府已对城市私家车的使用实行限制；restriction 表示"限制规定"，put/place a restriction on 为搭配。 4. We must protect the environment for future generations. → We must work for the __________ of the environment for future generations. 答案： conservation 解析：句意： 我们必须为子孙后代保护环境；conservation 表示"对环境的保护"，the conservation of 为搭配。 5. The new rules stopped factories from polluting the river. → The new rules __________ factories from polluting the river. 答案： restricted 解析：句意： 新规定限制了工厂污染河流；restrict 表示"限制"，过去式 restricted。 题型6：单句语法填空（10题） 1. The greenhouse gases __________ (cause) global warming for many years. 答案： have caused 解析：句意： 温室气体已经导致全球变暖多年；考查现在完成时。for many years 提示用 have caused。 2. More trees __________ (plant) along the river by the students last spring. 答案： were planted 解析：句意： 去年春天，学生们在河边种了更多的树；考查一般过去时被动语态。be planted 表示"被种植"。 3. The government is considering __________ (pass) a new law against water pollution. 答案： passing 解析：句意： 政府正在考虑通过一项反对水污染的新法律；考查动名词。consider doing sth.，pass 用 passing。 4. If we do not act now, the earth __________ (become) too hot for us to live on. 答案： will become 解析：句意： 如果我们现在不采取行动，地球将变得太热，无法居住；考查一般将来时。if 条件句主句用 will become。 5. The students were praised for __________ (protect) the local birds and trees. 答案： protecting 解析：句意： 学生们因保护当地的鸟类和树木而受到表扬；考查动名词。for doing sth.，protect 用 protecting。 6. The river used to be clean, but now it is much __________ (dirty) than before. 答案： dirtier 解析：句意： 这条河过去很干净，但现在比以前脏多了；考查比较级。than 前用比较级 dirtier。 7. The company was fined for __________ (throw) waste into the river without permission. 答案： throwing 解析：句意： 这家公司因未经许可向河里扔垃圾而被罚款；考查动名词。be fined for doing sth.，throw 用 throwing。 8. It took the workers two years __________ (build) the new water treatment plant. 答案： to build 解析：句意： 工人们花了两年时间建造新的水处理厂；考查不定式。It takes sb. time to do sth.，build 用 to build。 9. The air quality in the city __________ (improve) greatly since the new policy began. 答案： has improved 解析：句意： 自新政策实施以来，这座城市的空气质量大大改善；考查现在完成时。since 引导时间状语，主句用 has improved。 10. Listening to the birds in the trees __________ (make) the old man feel happy every morning. 答案： makes 解析：句意： 每天早晨听树上的鸟儿歌唱让老人感到快乐；考查主谓一致。动名词短语作主语，谓语用第三人称单数 makes。 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） Last summer, I took part in a study trip to the coast, where scientists were studying the effects of climate change. The leader showed us a large graph that clearly described the rising temperature of the earth over the past hundred years. She explained that the huge emission of harmful gases, especially carbon dioxide from factories and cars, was the main reason for the change. Because of global warming, the ice in the polar areas was beginning to melt, and the level of the sea was rising year after year. Many coastal towns were in great danger, and the local people felt that their homes might no longer be habitable in the future. During the trip, we also visited a small island where seals and seabirds lived. The scientists told us that the ecology of the sea was changing quickly, and that many sensitive animals were losing their homes. On the island we saw huge piles of garbage that had been washed up by the waves, and we spent a whole morning cleaning the beach. Some fishermen said that they had caught fewer fish in recent years. The experience made me understand that our daily habits, such as using too much plastic and burning fossil fuels, could bring great chaos to nature. We must not wait until it is too late to change our way of life. Back at school, I decided to do something practical. I started a green campaign with my classmates, and we made a detailed plan that included planting trees and saving water and electricity. Our teacher supported us and put our ideas on the school's agenda. We also wrote letters to the government, asking them to implement stricter policies and to place a heavy fine on factories that broke the regulations. Every month, we reported our progress in our annual summary, and we were happy to see that more and more students joined our small but meaningful action. A year later, our efforts began to show results. The park near our school became clean and green again, and the birds came back to sing in the trees. We even persuaded the local government to restore the old waterway that had been polluted for years, and to build a new waste disposal centre outside the town. Our story was broadcast on the local radio station, and many other schools began to follow our example. My friends and I felt very proud of what we had done together. I have learned that everyone can play a part in protecting the earth, and that the future of our planet depends on the small choices we make every single day. 1. What did the scientists show the students during the study trip? A. A large graph that described the rising temperature of the earth. B. A new kind of sea animal. C. A map of the local fishing areas. D. A collection of old photographs. 2. What does the underlined word "habitable" in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. Far away from the city. B. Full of dangerous animals. C. Too expensive to buy. D. Suitable for people to live in. 3. What can we infer about the writer's campaign? A. It failed completely at the beginning. B. It grew bigger and bigger as more students joined. C. It was stopped by the local government. D. It only lasted for one week. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to catch fish in the sea. B. A student's trip that taught her about climate change and inspired her to start an environmental campaign. C. Why the local radio station is popular. D. How to build a new waste disposal centre. 【答案与解析】 1. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。答案 A。原文第1段写道："The leader showed us a large graph that clearly described the rising temperature of the earth over the past hundred years"，与 A 项一致。 2. 答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。答案D。原文第1段写道："Many coastal towns were in great danger, and the local people felt that their homes might no longer be habitable"，沿海城镇面临危险、居民担心家园无法居住，可推断 habitable 意为"适合居住的"，与 D 项一致。 3. 答案：B 解析：推断题。答案 B。原文第3段写道："more and more students joined our small but meaningful action"，第4段写道"many other schools began to follow our example"，可推断这场运动不断壮大，对应 B 项。 4. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。答案 B。全文讲述作者通过海岸研学旅行了解到气候变化的危害，返校后发起环保运动并取得成果，对应 B 项。 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：Environmental Protection） 类别 词汇 同义词 / 近义 相关词 / 话题 行为动词 描述词 短语 / 搭配 答案： 同义词 / 近义 release – give off；restrict – limit；reform – change；seize – grasp；restore – bring back 相关词 / 话题 emission, carbon dioxide, methane, smog, fossil fuel, pollution, recycling, waterway, jungle, seal, penguin 行为动词 melt, starve, release, sustain, restrict, seize, reform, undergo, implement, submit, restore, tolerate 描述词 habitable, sustainable, comprehensive, worldwide, frequent, harmonious, moderate, annual, tropical, sensitive, nuclear 短语 / 搭配 carbon dioxide, fossil fuel, on behalf of, dozens of, carbon footprint B. 易混词辨析（4组，每组3小题） 第1组：melt / melted / melting (1) The ice in the polar regions is beginning to __________ (融化) at an alarming speed. (2) The snow on the mountain __________ (融化) completely when spring came last year. (3) The __________ (融化的) ice has made the sea level rise year after year. 【第1组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： melt 解析：句意： 极地地区的冰层正开始以惊人的速度融化；melt 为动词"融化"，begin to do 后用原形。 (2) 答案： melted 解析：句意： 去年春天到来时，山上的雪完全融化了；melted 为 melt 的过去式"融化"。 (3) 答案： melting 解析：句意： 融化的冰层使海平面逐年上升；melting 为现在分词作形容词"融化的"，修饰 ice。 第2组：restrict / restriction / restricted (1) The new law will __________ (限制) the use of plastic bags in all supermarkets. (2) The government has placed a strict __________ (限制) on car emissions in the city centre. (3) The use of water is heavily __________ (受限制的) during the dry season. 【第2组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： restrict 解析：句意： 新法律将限制所有超市使用塑料袋；restrict 为动词"限制"，will 后用原形。 (2) 答案： restriction 解析：句意： 政府对市中心的汽车排放实行了严格限制；restriction 为名词"限制规定"，作宾语。 (3) 答案： restricted 解析：句意： 在干旱季节，用水受到严格限制；restricted 为形容词"受限制的"，作表语。 第3组：sustain / sustainable / sustainability (1) The small farm can hardly __________ (维持) the lives of the whole family. (2) We must develop __________ (可持续的) energy to protect our planet. (3) The company cares about the __________ (可持续性) of its production methods. 【第3组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： sustain 解析：句意： 这个小农场几乎无法维持全家的生活；sustain 为动词"维持"，can 后用原形。 (2) 答案： sustainable 解析：句意： 我们必须开发可持续能源来保护我们的星球；sustainable 为形容词"可持续的"，修饰 energy。 (3) 答案： sustainability 解析：句意： 这家公司关心其生产方式的可持续性；sustainability 为名词"可持续性"，作宾语。 第4组：reform / reformed / reformer (1) The factory will __________ (改革) its old production methods next year. (2) The government __________ (改革) the old rules last year to protect the river. (3) The famous __________ (改革家) called on people to save energy and protect nature. 【第4组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： reform 解析：句意： 这家工厂明年将改革其旧的生产方式；reform 为动词"改革"，will 后用原形。 (2) 答案： reformed 解析：句意： 去年政府改革了旧规定以保护河流；reformed 为 reform 的过去式"改革"。 (3) 答案： reformer 解析：句意： 这位著名的改革家号召人们节约能源、保护自然；reformer 为名词"改革家"，作主语。 C. 跨单元微循环（15题，复习 选择性必修三 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle 词汇（教学进度的上一单元）） 1. He showed great __________ (自制力) in giving up smoking and drinking, and all his good friends admired his strong will and great determination. 答案： discipline 解析：句意： 他在戒烟戒酒方面表现出极大的自制力，朋友们都很钦佩他坚强的意志；discipline 表示"自制力；纪律"，为选择性必修三 U2 词汇。 2. Old people should not __________ (依赖) on others too much, because independence and self-confidence are very important for everyone in daily life. 答案： rely 解析：句意： 老年人不应过分依赖他人，因为独立对每个人都很重要；rely 表示"依赖"，rely on 为搭配，为选择性必修三 U2 词汇。 3. The doctor __________ (检查) the patient's heart very carefully and told him to do more exercise every single day in the morning. 答案： examined 解析：句意： 医生仔细检查了病人的心脏，并告诉他每天要多锻炼；examine 表示"（仔细）检查"，过去式 examined，为选择性必修三 U2 词汇。 4. Don't always think about the __________ (消极的) side of things; instead, you should always look at the bright future with great hope and courage. 答案： negative 解析：句意： 不要总想着事情的消极面；相反，要满怀希望地看待光明的未来；negative 表示"消极的"，为选择性必修三 U2 词汇。 5. After losing his job, he felt very __________ (悲观的) about the future and gradually lost all interest in everything happening around him. 答案： pessimistic 解析：句意： 失业后，他对未来感到非常悲观，对一切都失去了兴趣；pessimistic 表示"悲观的"，为选择性必修三 U2 词汇。 6. The famous and experienced __________ (外科医生) performed the difficult operation on the patient's chest very successfully in the morning at the big city hospital. 答案： surgeon 解析：句意： 这位著名的外科医生成功地给病人做了困难的胸部手术；surgeon 表示"外科医生"，为选择性必修三 U2 词汇。 7. The unlucky patient had to stay in hospital for a whole week after the difficult and important __________ (外科手术) on his left knee. 答案： surgery 解析：句意： 在困难的外科手术后，病人不得不在医院住了一整周；surgery 表示"外科手术"，为选择性必修三 U2 词汇。 8. Smoking a __________ (香烟) after dinner is a very common and bad habit that many people find extremely hard to give up. 答案： cigarette 解析：句意： 饭后抽一支香烟是许多人觉得很难戒掉的习惯；cigarette 表示"香烟"，为选择性必修三 U2 词汇。 9. Sadly, taking __________ (毒品) is extremely dangerous, and it can often completely destroy a young person's precious health, body and family in the end. 答案： drugs 解析：句意： 吸毒极其危险，它可能彻底毁掉一个人的身体和家庭；drug 表示"毒品"，此处用复数 drugs，为选择性必修三 U2 词汇。 10. The kind and patient __________ (牙医) told him gently that sugary snacks were very bad for his teeth and his overall health. 答案： dentist 解析：句意： 牙医告诉他，含糖零食对他的牙齿和整体健康有害；dentist 表示"牙科医生"，为选择性必修三 U2 词汇。 11. If you stand up too quickly, you may feel __________ (头晕目眩的) for a short moment, so please be very careful at once. 答案： dizzy 解析：句意： 如果你起身太快，可能会短暂地感到头晕目眩；dizzy 表示"头晕目眩的"，为选择性必修三 U2 词汇。 12. Students should never __________ (跳过) breakfast in the morning, because a good and full breakfast helps them study much better at school. 答案： skip 解析：句意： 学生们绝不应跳过早餐，因为一顿好的早餐能帮助他们学习得更好；skip 表示"跳过；不参加"，为选择性必修三 U2 词汇。 13. Regular exercise can __________ (提高) your mood and make you feel more energetic, active and cheerful every day in the long run. 答案： enhance 解析：句意： 规律锻炼能提升你的情绪，让你每天都感到更有活力；enhance 表示"提高；增强"，为选择性必修三 U2 词汇。 14. When the fire started, the brave teacher asked all the students to leave the classroom __________ (立即) safely and without any delay. 答案： straight away 解析：句意： 火灾发生时，老师要求学生们立即离开教室；straight away 表示"立即；马上"，为选择性必修三 U2 词汇。 15. After a long and tiring day at heavy work, the workers felt completely __________ (筋疲力尽的) and just wanted to rest quietly at home. 答案： worn out 解析：句意： 经过漫长而疲惫的一天，工人们感到筋疲力尽，只想休息；worn out 表示"筋疲力尽的"，为选择性必修三 U2 词汇。 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 3 Environmental Protection，共59词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 graph n. 图；图表；曲线图 2 emission n. 排放物；散发物；排放 3 melt vi.&vt. (使)融化；熔化；软化 4 starve vi.&vt. (使)挨饿；饿死 5 seal n. 海豹 6 ecology n. 生态；生态学 7 release vt.&n. 排放；释放；发布 8 methane n. 甲烷；沼气 9 carbon n. 碳 10 dioxide n. 二氧化物 11 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 12 habitable adj. 适合居住的 13 sustain vt. 维持；遭受；承受住 14 sustainable adj. 可持续的；合理利用的 15 fossil n. 化石 16 fuel n. 燃料；刺激性言行 17 fossil fuel 化石燃料(如煤或石油) 18 comprehensive adj. 全部的；所有的；详尽的 19 worldwide adv.&adj. 遍全球地；世界各地的 20 trend n. 趋势；趋向；动向 21 frequently adv. 频繁地；经常 22 broadcast v.&n. 播送；广播；广播节目 23 policy n. 政策；方针；原则 24 footprint n. 足迹；(某物所占)空间量 25 restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚 26 restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；约束 27 seize vt. 抓住；夺取；控制 28 basin n. 流域；盆地；盆 29 penguin n. 企鹅 30 reform v.&n. 改革；改正；改革；变革 31 undergo v. 经历；经受(变化/不快等) 32 implement vt. 使生效；贯彻；执行 33 harmonious adj. 和谐的 34 moderate adj.&v. 适度的；中等的；缓和 35 submit vt.&vi. 提交；呈递；屈服 36 annual adj.&n. 每年的；一年的；年刊 37 tropical adj. 热带的；来自热带的 38 chaos n. 混乱；杂乱；紊乱 39 on behalf of 代表(代替)某人 40 nuclear adj. 原子能的；核能的 41 sensitive adj. 敏感的；善解人意的 42 jungle n. (热带)丛林；密林 43 smog n. 烟雾(烟与雾混合污染物) 44 originate vi.&vt. 起源；发源；创立 45 volume n. 量；体积；(成套书中)一卷 46 garbage n. 垃圾；废物 47 enterprise n. 公司；企业；事业 48 restore vt. 恢复；使复原；修复 49 conservation n. 对(环境/文物)保护；保持 50 dozen n. (一)打；十二个 51 dozens of 许多；很多 52 regulation n. 章程；规章制度 53 disposal n. 去掉；清除；处理 54 inspection n. 检查；查看；视察 55 fine vt. 对…处以罚款 56 campaign n.&v. 运动；战役；参加运动 57 waterway n. 水道；航道 58 tolerate vt. 忍受；包容；容许 59 agenda n. 议程表；议事日程 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $