Unit 4 Opening Page&Reading and Thinking-【创新大课堂系列】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步辅导与测试(人教版)

UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE Opening Page-一开篇·掌控单元目标 素养核心解读 英英 Perseverance is the quality of continuing to strive to 释义 achieve specific goals despite difficulties. “、语言能力 能够听懂并理解如何应对挑战的文章，关注因果关系 听 本单元的引言来自英国著名作家塞缪尔·约翰逊。 词。 中文可译为：伟大的作品不是靠力量，而是靠坚持来 深意 完成的。该引言与我国荀子《劝学》中的“锲而不舍， 能够正确运用已学知识，有条不紊地探讨不同的决策 解读 说 金石可镂”具有异曲同工之妙，都在启发人们：只有 方案或选择，有序展开讨论。 坚持不懈地努力，才能把事情做成功」 能够在阅读中抓住人物的性格特点，了解回忆录这 ○相关名言警句 文本体裁的叙事风格和语言特点。 1.The virtue of luck is temperance,and the virtue 能够运用本单元所学知识写一篇故事评论。 of adversity is perseverance. -Bacon 通过观看有关南极探险的视频，了解专业登山员攀登 幸运所生的德性是节制，厄运所生的德性是 看 过程中的艰辛，培养积极乐观的精神。 坚忍。 培根 二、学习能力 2.Bravery,boldness and determination are worthy of good weapons. -Vinci 1.能够根据人物的具体言行分析其情感变化，解读 勇猛、大胆和坚定的决心能够抵得上精良的武器。 其性格品质 2.能够抓住因果关系词，理解人物行动或抉择的 达·芬奇 意义。 3.Dare and the world always yields.If it beats you : 三、文化意识 sometimes,dare it again and again and it will succumb. W.M.Thackeray 1,了解20世纪初人类进行南极探险的历史背景、 你勇敢，世界就会让步。如果有时它战胜你，你 典型人物及故事。 要不断地勇敢再勇敢，它就会屈服。 2.培养自己坚毅的品质和乐观的态度，勇于面对挑 W.M.萨克雷 战、挫折与逆境。 二、写作佳句 四、思维品质 1.能够根据不同角度的叙事整理出“坚忍号”南极 1.Not only should we be brave,but also be cautious. 我们不仅应该要勇敢，而且要谨慎。 探险的大致历程；能够对文本中的细节进行推理2.Notil we took part n the militaryaining did we 分析，判断人物的心理状态和性格品质。 learn the lesson that perseverance,discipline and team 2.能够基于形势需要对人物的背景资料进行综合 spirit are all key factors leading to success. 分析和考量，作出合理的抉择：能够基于对故事： 直到参加了军训我们才懂得一个道理：毅力、自 内容的理解评判文中人物。 制力、团队精神都是通向成功的关键因素 主题佳句赏析 3.The more fearful you are,the worse the situation will be,so keep calm and think soundly/wisely 一、名言警句 when you are in trouble. 教材 Great works are performed not by strength,but 身处逆境时，要保持冷静，明智地思考，越怕越 名言 perseverance. -Samuel Johnson 糟糕。 87 英语选择性必修第三册 Reading and Thinking一读思·培养思维品质 1,阅读招募广告，揣测沙克尔顿的用意，了解船员的必要素质一不畏艰险、吃苦耐劳。 课时目标 2.阅读三篇日记，抓住这次南极探险历程中的几个重要事件，理解沙克尔顿与船员们面临的挑战和困境。 3.透过表象的言行分析人物的情感变化和性格特质。 Part 1 多背诵 充盈词汇 一、背阅读单词—知其意 2. n.忍耐力；耐久力→endure ut.忍耐；容忍 1.expedition n. 探险；远征；探险队 3. adj.符合资格；具备…的知识（或技 2.vigour n. 精力；力量；活力 能、学历等)→qualify vt..使具备资格 3.cupboard n. 橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 4. adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically 4.steward n. (轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘 adu.热情地；热心地→enthusiasmn.热情 务员；服务员 t.分派；布置；分配→assignment n.分 5.crush vt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎 : 派；布置；分配 n. 拥挤的人群 6 n.&vt,羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.嫉 6.stove n. 炉具；厨房灶具 :: 妒的 7,blanket n. 毯子 7. n.[pl.]财物；动产→belong vi.属于 8.banjo n. 班卓琴（乐器） 8 adj.痛苦的；令人难受的→miserably 9.navy n. 海军；海军部队 adw.痛苦地；令人难受地 10.cosy adj. 温馨的；舒适的 9 adj.自私的→selfishly adv..自私地→ 二、背重点单词 记其形 selfishness n.自私 1. n. 困境；逆境 10. adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 2. n. 工资 genuinely adv.真正地；真诚地→genuineness 3. adv.prep. n.真诚 上（船、飞机、公共汽车等） 11. n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→ 4. vi. 沉没；下沉；下降 vi.坚持；孜孜以求 ut. 使下沉；使沉没 12. o.&.vt.决定；决心；解决（问题或困 vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃 难)n.决心；坚定的信念→ n.决议；解 6. n.&vi. 航海；航行 决；坚定 7. adj. 脾气好的/坏的 四、积必备短语 多积才行 8. n. (轮船、飞机等上面的)全体：1. 参加一个探险队 工作人员；专业团队；一群人2. 被认为是极大的荣誉 9 n. 探险，远征；探险队 做好准备 10. . 忍耐力；耐久力 4. 在…的年龄 11. n. 精力；力量；活力 5. 充满活力 12. adj. 符合资格；具备…的知识6. 拒绝（某人） (或技能、学历等) 7. 热衷于 13. ut. 分派；布置；分配 8. 上船 14. adi. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的：9. 出发 三、背拓展单词一通其变 :10. 为某人提供餐点 1. adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的11. 被困在冰里 →bitterly adv.严寒地；极其，非常 12 被…压碎 88 Unit 4 adversity And COURAGE 13. 扔掉 : 2. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going 14. 让某人惊讶的是 along with them that I secretly went aboard his 15. 使某人振作起来 ship,the Endurance,and hid in a small 16. 在冰上露营 cupboard.(so+adj.ado.+that..“如此 悟原句 17. 越来越糟 …以至于……”) 18. 成功 但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷 19. 情绪低落 偷地爬上了他的“坚忍号”轮船，躲在一个小橱 柜里。 20. 一股突如其来的冷空气 21. 坚持住 (2022·全国甲卷书面表达)The ocean is 22 让某人充满希望 we should call on 五、背重点句式 会补全 写佳句 people to take measures to protect it. 海洋对于我们来说如此重要，以至于我们要号 Well,it so happened that one morning I bought 召人们采取措施保护它。 a newspaper and read the advertisement about 悟原句 the Antarctic expedition.(It happened that... Without Frank and Ernest,we'd all be dead by “碰巧或恰巧发生…”) now.(without引导的含蓄条件句，主句往往用 好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这 悟原句 虚拟语气) 则有关南极探险的招募广告。 要不是有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们到现在早就 没命了。 after walking for a long time through sand,and rocks,and snow, (2022·浙江1月高考写作)Without you,.I 写佳句 the little prince at last came upon a road. Irish culture. 写佳句 在沙漠、岩石、雪地上行走了很长的时间以后， 如果没有你，我就不可能了解这么多关于爱尔 小王子碰巧发现了一条大路。 兰的文化。 Part 2 精读课文 通文意知其用意 第一遍一泛读知文意 them that I secretly went aboard his ship,the Endurance,and hid in a small cupboard. ①A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE Unfortunately,three days after we set off I was Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with discovered.Shackleton did not want to turn back so Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship he offered me a job,but only after he promised me, Endurance in 1914.Shackleton was one of the most "If anyone has to be eaten,then you will be the famous explorers of his day and it was considered a first!"He assigned me to be a steward,and I now great honour to be part of his expeditions.2Below serve meals for twenty-eight men,three times a are some of Blackborow's diary entries. day. 310ct,1914: How everyone will envy me when I come back ..Well,it so happened that one morning I and tell them about the amazing places I have been bought a newspaper and read the advertisement to! about the Antarctic expedition. 21Nov,1915 An expedition to the South Pole with the great The journey has not been easy.Endurance Sir Ernest Shackleton-this is the adventure that became stuck in the ice as we approached I have been dreaming of.And I was ready for it.At:Antarctica.The ice froze around us and we were the age of 19,I am fit and full of vigour.However,well and truly stuck!We saw the ship get crushed when I applied to join the expedition,Shackleton by the ice.And when the ship sank,our hearts sank turned me down because he thought I was too with it. young and wasn't qualified.3 But I was so Before we abandoned the ship,Shackleton enthusiastic about the idea of going along with calmly called us together and told us to rescue our 89 英语选择性必修第三册 most essential supplies一the small boats,our:克尔顿是那个时代最负盛名的探险家之一，参加他 food,the cook stove,candles,clothes,and blankets.的探险活动被视为极大的荣耀。以下是布菜克博 This was no time to panic.We were not allowed to;罗的几篇日记摘录。 take most of our personal belongings,and;…/句式释解/ Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.But to句①此标题使用了矛盾修辞法，这种修辞手法 our surprise,he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo.:是将两个意义上相互矛盾或排斥的词放在一起使 Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up. 用，以表面上不协调的搭配造成某种特殊的表达 We are now camped on the ice and④we have:效果。 been managing to survive,but spring is coming,:句②该句为表语提前引起的倒装，主语为some and the ice will soon begin to melt. of Blackborow's diary entries. 20May,1916 1914年10月31日 We have been struggling for days,but things …好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到 on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. 了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。 We are now crowded together under one of our 跟随伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士前往南 boats on the rocky shore of this miserable place.:极探险一这可是我梦寐以求的冒险之旅啊。而 Soon after we arrived,Shackleton left us to find且，我万事俱备。我今年l9岁，身体健康，精力充 help on South Georgia Island,.l,320 kilometres沛。然而，当我申请参加这次探险时，沙克尔顿却 away一the voyage was too dangerous and difficult:拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。但 for all of us to make it in our small boats.If 是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地 Shackleton fails,will we have any hope of rescue?: 爬上了他的“坚忍号”轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。不 No.No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant :幸的是，在我们出发三天后，我被发现了。沙克尔 Island,and no one else knows that we are here. :顿不想掉头，于是他给了我一份工作，但他要我答 I feel low.It's cold and windy.The island has :应他：“如果有人得被吃掉，那么你就是第一个！”他 no plants.Sometimes we are ablet0 catch a selor指派我担任服务员，我现在为28名船员供应一日 a penguin to eat.Otherwise,there isno food..Itry三袋。 to think of happier things:decent food,warm and: 等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇 dry clothes,a cosy bedroom,sunny days,and my :地方，大家该会多么羡慕我啊！ mother's face...However,these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air. …/句式释解/… I shouted,“Shut the door！” 句日本句包含so.that..引导的结果状语 “Hold on now,Perce.⑤Don't you go turning 从句，the Endurance作ship的同位语，and连接 into another Tom,"came the reply."We've caught 两个并列的从句谓语went和hid。 another penguin,so it's penguin soup tonight!" 1915年11月21日 Bless Frank Wild,the kindest man there is 这趟旅程并不轻松。在我们靠近南极时，“坚 after our leader,Ernest Shackleton.How could I忍号”卡在了冰里。四周的冰都冻住了，我们彻彻 become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas 底底地被困住了！我们眼睁睁看着轮船被冰挤毁。 Orde-Lees! 船沉了，我们的心也跟着下沉。 6Without Frank and Ernest,we'd all be dead 在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集 by now.Their genuine concern for others,their 在一起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品一小 perseverance,and their resolve fill me with hope. 船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯。这不是惊慌失 Perhaps there is a chance⑦we will return措的时候。我们绝大部分的个人物品都被禁止携 home,after all. 带，沙克尔顿自己则扔掉了他所有的黄金。然而， [参考译文] 令我们惊讶的是，他允许赫西带上他的班卓琴。赫 一次成功的失败 :西经常会弹奏班卓琴，以振奋我们的精神。 1914年，珀西·布莱克博罗参加了欧内斯特·： 现在，我们在冰层上扎营，一直在设法生存下 沙克尔顿爵士组织的“坚忍号”南极探险活动。沙：来，但是，春天就要来了，冰层很快就会融化。 90 Unit 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE /句式释解/ B.Failure of the Antarctic expedition. 句④此处是现在完成进行时。 C.An expedition to Antarctica. 1916年5月20日： D.The difficulties in the Antarctic expedition. 我们已苦苦挣扎多日，但是象岛上的情况越来：步骤二 逐段精读文章，看其怎样写的 越糟糕。现在，在这个悲惨之地的岩石海岸，我们阅读文章第一段，完成下列题目 挤在一艘小船下。我们来到此处不久之后，沙克尔：1.文意的理解 顿就离开我们，前往1,320公里之外的南乔治亚岛 (1)What did Sir Ernest Shackleton do then? 寻求帮助一这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危： 险、太艰难了，乘坐小船，肯定无法每个人都到达。 如果沙克尔顿失败了，我们还有任何获救的希望： (2)What was the honor then? 吗？没有。全世界没有海军会停靠象岛，也没有其 他人知道我们在这里。 我感到十分沮袅。天冷风大。岛上没有任何2.表达的技巧 植物，有时我们能抓到一只海豹或企鹅来充饥。除： 此以外，没有任何食物。我试着去想让人开心的事： 背景知识介绍了珀西·布莱克博罗参与的活动 情：美味的食物、暖和的干衣服、舒适的卧房、晴朗： 和对沙克尔顿的评价。第1行中用joined an 的天气，还有妈妈的脸庞…然而，这些快乐的回 expedition点明了文章的主要内容；第3、4行中 忆很快被突然涌进的一股冷空气打断。 用one of the most famous explorers中肯地评价 我吼道：“把门关上！” 了沙克尔顿，体现了他的地位又避免了过于 “坚持住，珀西。你可不要变成另一个汤姆，” 绝对。 有人答道。“我们又抓到了一只企鹅，今晚有企鹅： 试完成下面的句子： 汤喝了！” It was she had 上天保佑弗兰克·怀尔德，他是除了我们的领： found. 队欧内斯特·沙克尔顿之外最和蔼可亲的人。我： 这是她发现的最安宁、最平静的地方之一。 怎么可以变得像托马斯·奥德里斯那样自私和脾阅读文章第一篇日记，完成下列题目 气暴躁呢！ :1.文意的理解 要不是有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们到现在早就： (1)Why did Shackleton refused Blackborow's 没命了。他们对别人的真心关怀、他们的锲而不舍 application? 以及坚定的信念，让我充满希望。 A.Because he was too young. 毕竟，我们也许还有机会回家。 B.Because he wasn't ready for it. /句式释解/… : C.Because he was not enthusiastic about it. 句⑤此处的“Don't you go..”是一个祈使句， D.Because he was not full of vigour. 意为“你可不要…”。其后的came the reply是 (2)How did Blackborow feel when Shackleton 倒装句，这种倒装句式常出现在描写人物对话的 情节中，尤其是文学作品中，其目的是使叙述更加 approved of his staying on the ship? 连贯、生动。 A.Disappointed. B.Amazed. 句⑥该句为含蓄条件句，介词短语Without: C.Proud. D.Energetic. Frank and Ernest相当于条件句，we'd all be dead (3)What did Shackleton mean by saying "If anyone by now表示与现在事实相反的假设。 has to be eaten,then you will be the first!"? 句⑦画线部分是同位语从句，解释说明chance; 在非正式文体中，引导同位语从句的连词that有 时可省略。 2.表达的技巧 (1)第8行中用s0强调事有凑巧；第12行中破折 第二遍一精度提素养 号有引出总括性的说明的作用。 步骤一 明文章主旨大意，知其写了什么 翻译句子：可巧他们两人都在那儿。 What is the theme of the text about? A.A successful exploration. 91 英语选择性必修第三册 (2)第24、25行中使用了感叹句，说明了作者当：阅读文章第三篇日记，完成下列题目 时自豪与激动的心情。第一篇日记生动地展现：1.文意的理解 了少年珀西充满活力和热情的内心世界，包括他： (1)Who was a selfish person according to the diary? 对探险家沙克尔顿的崇拜、对冒险的渴望，还有： A.Tom. “初生牛犊不怕虎”的精神。 B.Ernest Shackleton. 一句多译：你是一个多么勇敢的男孩子啊！ C.Thomas Orde-Lees. →① D.Frank Wild. (2)Why did Shackleton go to South Georgia Island? →② A.To buy some food. B.To buy some boats. 阅读文章第二篇日记，完成下列题目 C.To find help. 1.文意的理解 D.To meet others. (1)What happened to the ship? (3)Why did the author speak highly of Frank A.It's frozen. and Ernest? B.It was crushed by ice. C.It's out of oil. D.It's useless. 2.表达的技巧 (2)Why did Shackleton agree Hussey to keep his (1)第54行中的rocky说明岸边都是岩石，第54 banjo? 行中的miserable说明他们停留的地方很糟糕。 A.Because he wanted to rescue them. 第65、66行中decent,.warm,dry,cosy,sunny的 B.Because it was essential to survive. 使用作为对比，更加凸显了探险队所处的恶劣 C.Because it could keep their spirits up. 环境。 D.Because it was valuable. 单句语法填空： (3)What were the staff told to do when the accident Their business achieved great success after a happened? period of (misery)failure. (2)第8l行中的after all表达了作者对未来的期 2.表达的技巧 望。第三篇日记着重描写了珀西在象岛的日常 (1)第二篇日记从侧面描写了沙克尔顿作为领导 生活状态以及他对未知的命运感到惶恐，对艰苦 者的气质和品格，尤其是重点叙述了他是如何冷 的客观环境感到不满、情绪低落；然而弗兰克的 静又有条理地组织船员应对危机，以身作则地放： 乐观、真诚让他开始重新审视自己，对领导者的 弃财物，对船员的个人爱好给予充分鼓励。第34： 信任以及来自同伴的善意使他逐渐重拾希望。 行中用around强调了作者他们所处的全是冰的： 选词填空：all in all,in all,after all,all over, 环境，同时well and truly“完全地，彻底地”，突出 above all 了作者遭遇的特别糟糕的境地。 ① 15 minutes of exercise is better 试完成下面的句子： than nothing. Now they that we 毕竟，15分钟的锻炼比没锻炼强。 are taking it seriously. ②We both thought that it might 他们现在彻底认识到，我们是认真的 not be a bad idea. (2)第36行中的sank强调了作者他们心情的失 我们俩都认为总的来说这可能不是个坏主意。 落和绝望。第47、48行中用现在完成进行时，说 3Now keep quite still,and, ,don't 明队员们一直努力挣扎着生存。 try to talk. 单句语法填空/完成句子： 现在保持安静，最重要的是，不要说话。 ①My heart (sink)when I saw how:步骤三理层次结构，析其逻辑 much work there was left. ② community service work in this city It was considered a great The author's reason for to be part of for the past several years. joining the expedition Shackleton's expeditions. 过去几年里我一直在这个城市做社区服务工作。 92 Unit 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE 现并被指派为船上的服务员；(2)“坚忍号”被浮冰 An expedition to the South Pole 围困后，沙克尔顿决定弃船，船员只得暂居浮冰之 with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton 上；(3)船员们流落到荒无人烟的象岛，艰难求生， was the 2. that the author had been dreaming of. 沙克尔顿组织救援小队赴南乔治亚岛寻求帮助。 The author joined the ·The author3. went 阅读技巧：课文属于日记体裁，以第一人称叙 expedition aboard his ship,the Endurance, 事。第一篇日记生动地展现了少年珀西充满活力 and hid in a small cupboard. 和热情的内心世界；第二篇日记从侧面描写了沙克 Shackleton found the author : 尔顿作为领导者的气质和品格；第三篇日记则着重 and offered him a 4. : 描写了珀西在象岛的日常生活状态。阅读这三篇 日记，注意体会其中丰富的细节描写和细腻的情感 ·The ship got5. by 变化，如struggle,from bad to worse,miserable等。 the ice.And when the ship sank, 步骤四知选文意图，思其价值 The journey has not their hearts sank with it. been easy They were then camped on the 正视困难，乐观坚毅地面对逆境和挫折 ice and they had been managing 沙克尔顿与船员们乘坐的探险船被命名为“坚 6. 忍号”(Endurance)。endurance一词本义为“忍耐 力；耐久力”，它与引言中的perseverance都含有“坚 Things on Elephant Island were 持”之意。虽然“坚忍号”沉没了，但最终探险家和船员 Encouraging each other going 7. 坚持了下来。第三篇日记中“their perseverance,and in the face .Their genuine concern for others, their resolve fill me with hope(他们的锲而不舍以及坚 of difficulties their 8. and resolve filled 定的信念，让我充满希望)”，表现了作者在他人鼓励 the author with hope. 下仍然积极乐观。作者以切身感受告诉我们要学 课文标题“A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE”间接 会正视困难，并以乐观坚毅的态度面对人生的逆境 点明了文章的主题“艰难的探险”。文章分为两个： 和挫折。 部分，一部分是背景知识介绍，另一部分是以“坚忍： 请体会并记住下面的句子： 号”服务员珀西·布莱克博罗的口吻写下的三篇日： DSuffering is a stepping stone for genius. 记。从沙克尔顿带领“坚忍号”船员于伦敦启航，直： 苦难对于天才是一块垫脚石。 到他们全部回到英国，这一历程长达两年多。因： 2Adversity is the first road to truth. 此，三篇日记的前后时间跨度很大，但从内容上看， 逆境是通往真理的第一条道路。 它们记录了探险历程中的几次重大事件，而且基本 3The overcome setbacks are the chances of 上将这次南极探险的故事脉络勾勒了出来：(1)十：victory. 九岁的少年珀西私自登上“坚忍号”，被沙克尔顿发： 被克服的挫折就是胜利的契机。 Part 3 精析 核心要点 第一板块一核心词江 2He kept turning the central heating down. 他不断调低中央暖气的温度。 1.However,when I applied to join the expedition, turn over 翻转 Shackleton turned me down because he thought I turn on 打开 was too young and wasn't qualified. 归 turn off 关闭 然而，当我申请参加这次探险时，沙克尔顿却拒 点 turn in 上交；呈递 turn to 绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不具备资格。 转向；求助于 turn up 出现：到场：调高（音量） ★turn(sb.)down拒绝（某人）；调低（音量） turn out 结果是；证明是 [思考感知] [活学巧用]（单句语法填空/完成句子） ①（以文化人助写作）It is a quite important ③(2022·新高考I卷)If it is not turned social skill to learn how to turn down invitations by the 4th day after the due date,it will with finesse and without feeling guilty. 学会如何巧妙地拒绝邀请，而且不会感到心中有 earn a zero 愧是一项重要的社交技巧。 4 Don't worry.I'm sure your missing glasses will turn sooner or later. 93 英语选择性必修第三册 ⑤The supposed prince a beggar in 但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷 disguise. 偷地爬上了他的“坚忍号”轮船，躲在一个小橱 那个被认为王子的人，原来是乞丐乔装的。 柜里。 ⑥(2021·新高考I卷)Jenna threw the burnt : ★enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的 piece into the sink and put in the other slice of [思考感知 bread.This time,she so it cooked ①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)I was always an enthusiastic nicely. reader,sometimes reading up to three books a 詹娜把那块烧焦的面包扔进水槽，放进了另一片 day as a child. 面包。这一次，她把火关小了，这样烤得好。 我一直是一位热情的读者，童年时期，有时候我 ★qualified adj.符合资格；具备…的知识（或 一天读多达三本书。 技能、学历等) 2 Despite her old age,my grandma is still [思考感知] enthusiastic about social activities. ①What a thrilling opportunity！I think I am 尽管上了年纪，我奶奶仍然热衷于社交活动。 qualified to be a volunteer. 3Although she was a beginner,she played with 多么激动人心的机会啊！我想我有资格成为 great enthusiasm. 名志愿者。 虽然她是个新手，但演奏时却充满了激情。 2He's been informed that he doesn't qualify for the (1)be enthusiastic about 归 热衷于… scholarship because of his academic background. be enthusiastic to do sth. 热衷于做某事 他已经被通知，由于他的学术背景，他没能获得 点拨 (2)enthusiasm n. 热情；热心 enthusiastically adv. 热情地；热心地 奖学金资格。 3She was chosen for the job on the basis of her [活学巧用] qualifications. (1)单句语法填空/完成句子 她因资历适合而获选担任这项工作。 ④(2o20·浙江高考)I am an active playgoer and play-reader,and perhaps my best reason for editing (1)be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事 be qualified for... 符合…的条件 this book is a hope of sharing my a qualified accountant/teacher 取得执业资格的会 (enthusiastic)for the theater with others. 计师/教师 5She's very enthusiastic (read)the (2)qualify vi. 合格；取得资格（或 novels written by him. 鑫 学历) 6They listened with great interest,and then ut. 使合格：使具备资格 (enthusiastic)joined in grand conversations about qualify for... 取得…资格 资格，资历：学历 Harry's adventures. (3)qualification n. have(no)qualifications to do sth.(没)有做某事的资格 DI'm sure it will appeal to you,for [活学巧用]（单句语法填空/完成句子） 我确信它会吸引你，因为你一直热衷于体育运动。 ④(2023·全国乙卷听力)I think I'm well (2)词汇复现（替换加黑词汇） (qualify)for the accountant position here. 8 Moore is crazy/eager about the candy she 5A victory in this game will earn them created,and she's also positive about what the (qualify)for the World Cup. future might bring. 6He is not yet an adult,so he isn't qualified ★aboard adv..&prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等） (vote). [思考感知] He took all kinds of tests to prove DOn behalf of my crew,I'd like to welcome you aboard British Airways flight 602 from New 他参加了各种测试，以证明他能很好地胜任这项 York to London. 重要任务。 我谨代表全体乘组人员，欢迎你们乘坐英国航空 2.But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going 公司从纽约飞往伦敦的602号航班。 along with them that I secretly went aboard his 2 Luckily,we were in time to go aboard/on ship,the Endurance,and hid in a small board the ship. cupboard. 幸运的是，我们及时登上了轮船。 94 Unit 4 adversiTy ANd COURAGE ★set off出发，动身；引发；使爆炸；燃放 (I)go aboard(the plane/ship)登机/上船 All aboard！ (口语)请大家上船/车 [思考感知] 飞机！ DFollowing the teacher,they set off at a jog down another street to see the Forbidden City. 点拨 Welcome aboard！ 欢迎登机/上船/上车！ (2)board n. 板，牌子 跟着老师，他们沿着另一条街慢跑去看紫禁城。 V. 登机；上船 2Any escape,once it's detected,sets off the on board 在船上；在飞机上 alarm. 旦发现有泄漏，警报就会响起来。 [易混辨析] 区分形近词：aboard/abroad/ 3The moving scenes reminded me of my childhood board/broad when we set off fireworks on Spring Festival Eve. aboard adv..&prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等） : 这些动人的场景让我想起了我的童年，我们在除 abroad adj. 往国外的 夕燃放烟花。 board vi.ut. 上船（或火车、飞机、公共汽 set up 建立；设立；准备：安排 车等) set in 开始：到来；流行 vi. 寄宿 be set in 以…为背景/场景 n. 木板；膳食；董事会 纳 set aside 存储：留出；将…放在一边 broad adj. 广阔的，宽阔的；广泛的；概 set down 放下；写下；登记 set out 启程，动身；阐述；陈列 括的 set out to do sth.=set about doing sth. [活学巧用] 开始着手做某事 (1)根据语境选词填空：aboard/,abroad/.board,/ [活学巧用]（单句语法填空/完成句子） broad ④(2o22·新高考I卷)The Chinese government ③We are asked to half an hour before recently finalized a plan to set a Giant departure. Panda National Park(GPNP). 4In our village,there is a(n) road, ⑤After that,Iset to read widely for both sides of which are lined with trees. an inspiring topic,wrote a speech,and practiced 5The ship is leaving in half an hour,so we'd my spoken English. better go ⑥(2021·浙江6月高考)He documented his 6We often feel lonely when living as journey as he set about (treat)nature home is the place where our hearts should be. as a brand to be marketed to young people. (2)完成句子 ⑦Besides,our school and a ⑦Fortunately, basketball team. finally survived the accident. 另外，我们学校成立了一支排球队和一支篮 幸运的是，船上所有的人都在这次事故中幸存了 、 球队。 下来。 4.He assigned me to be a steward,and I now serve 8As soon as the train arrived,all the waiting meals for twenty-eight men,three times a day. 他指派我担任服务员，我现在为28名船员供应 people 火车一到，所有等待的人都上车了。 日三餐。 ★assign vt.分派；布置；分配 3.Unfortunately,three days after we set off I was [思考感知」 discovered.Shackleton did not want to turn back DOur teacher typically assigned daily homework, so he offered me a job,but only after he which would be recited in class the following day. promised me,"If anyone has to be eaten,then 我们的老师通常会布置每天的家庭作业，这些作 you will be the first！” 业要在第二天的课堂上背诵。 不幸的是，在我们出发三天后，我被发现了。沙 2Mr Smith decided to assign the important task 克尔顿不想调头，于是他给了我一份工作，但他： to whoever had a strong sense of responsibility. 要我答应他：“如果有人得被吃掉，那么你就是第： 史密斯先生决定把这个重要的任务安排给那些 个！” 有强烈责任感的人。 95 英语 选择性必修第三册 (1)assign sb.sth.=assign sth.to sb. (1)abandon oneself to .. 沉湎于…；纵情于…… 分配给某人某物 归纳点拨 abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 assign sb.to sth. 指派某人做某一项工作 (2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地 纳 指派某人任某一职务 assign sb.as sth (3)abandoned adi. 被抛弃的；放纵的 assign sb.to do sth. 指派某人做某事 be abandoned to 沉酒于… (2)assignment n. (分派的)工作，任务：（工作等 的)分派，布置 [活学巧用 [活学巧用] (1)单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)单句语法填空/完成句子 ④Those who abandon (they)to despair ③(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)For example,one can't succeed participant's experience of "We sat and listened ⑤(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment to the waves at the beach for a while" should be sympathetic to the fact that your (assign)the categories "sitting at beach"and friend may feel (abandon) “listening to waves..” ⑥He is abandoned reading all kinds of 4After all,the professor could just as easily have books in his spare time. given the (assign)one week before it was DAt the party,people sang and danced due if he or she expected less thinking. totally forgetting the troubles in their ⑤She was sent abroad lives. 她被派往国外执行一项富有挑战性的任务。 聚会上，人们尽情地唱歌、跳舞，完全忘记了生活 (2)句型转换 中的烦恼 6The teacher has assigned each of us a holiday (2)词汇复现（替换加黑词汇） task. 8Snow forced many drivers to desert/quit their →The teacher vehicles. 5.Before we abandoned the ship,Shackleton calmly 6. We were not allowed to take most of our called us together and told us to rescue our most personal belongings,and Shackleton himself essential supplies-the small boats,our food, threw away all his gold. the cook stove,candles,clothes,and blankets. 我们绝大部分的个人物品都被禁止携带，沙克尔 在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把大家召集在 顿自己则扔掉了他所有的黄金。 起，告诉我们要抢救最需要的供给品一小： ★belongings n.[pl.]财物；动产 船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毛毯。 [思考感知] ★abandon vt..舍弃；抛弃；放弃；使放纵；使听任 DShe lost all her belongings in the fire,but n.放任；放纵 fortunately,these precious books belonging to [思考感知] her weren't damaged. DShe felt she was needed by her motherland and 在大火中她失去了所有的财产，但是幸运的是， decided to abandon her chance of working 这些属于她的珍贵的书籍没有受到损害。 abroad. (1)belong vi. 属于 她感觉她的祖国需要她，于是决定放弃出国工作 纳点拨 belong to 属于；是…的一员 的机会。 (2)a sense of belonging 归属感 2Playing computer games is harmful to your [活学巧用] health.Don't abandon yourself to this kind of (1)单句语法填空 pleasure. 2There are several reasons why school uniforms 玩电脑游戏对你的健康有害。不要沉溺于这种 are a good idea.First of all,uniforms help the 快乐。 school look smart.The students feel that they 3The fans cheered with abandon when their belong a particular group. football team won. 3In my opinion,you'd better put the book 当他们的足球队赢时，球迷们便疯狂地欢呼。 it belongs. 96 Unit 4 adversity And COURAGE 4Having sold most of his (belong), It happened/.happens that.,.“碰巧发生…”，其中it he almost had nothing left in the house. 是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 (2)句型转换 归 (I)“sth.十happen-十地，点/时间”表示“某地/某时发生了 5A tiger is a large fierce animal which belongs 什么事”，此时主语应是事情。 毚」 to the cat family. (2)“sth.十happen-十tosb.”表示“某人出了某事（常指不 好的事)”。 -A tiger is a large fierce animal the (3)“sb.十happen十不定式”表示“某人碰巧做某事” cat family. [名师点津]belong to中to为介词，后接名词： [活学巧用]（单句语法填空/完成句子） 或代词宾格，不接名词性物主代词（如mine, ①(2021·新高考I卷) happened that yours,his,hers等)。不用于被动语态和进行时 the plant downtown needed eight kids for 态，但作后置定语时常用现在分词形式，形式为“ temporary help during our spring break,for .belonging to..”。 which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records. 第二核块一经典句式 ②He happened (look)through the 1.Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries. medical book“Gray's Anatomy”at the time. 以下是一些布菜克博罗的日记。 ③What happened them remains somewhat of a mystery. (1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词（短语）、介词短语，而 ④I a friend of mine in the street 主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表 语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结 yesterday. 构为：分词/副词/形容词/介词短语十be十主语。 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友 (2)表示处所、时间、方位等的副词或介词，如here ⑤ she was out when we called. 归 纳 there,now,then,up,down,in,out,of等放在句首，主 我们打电话时她刚巧出去了。 语是名词，且谓语动词是be,lie,sit,stand,come,go, [名师点津]当“It happened/happens that..” exist,live,rush等不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装。 结构中的that从句中的主语是人时，此时可以与 (3)there be句型也属于一种完全倒装句。该句型中 的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如live,exist, “sb.十happen-十to do sth.”结构互换。例如： lie,stand,seem,rise,remain,happen,come,go等。句 It happened that Brian and Peter were at home 型结构为：there十存在类动词十主语。 that day. [活学巧用] -Brian and Peter happened to be at home that 单句语法填空/完成句子 day. ①Here (be)some practical suggestions 那天布赖恩和彼得碰巧在家。 on how to promote the campus culture construction.3.But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along 2The instant class was over, rushed with them that I secretly went aboard his ship,the the students like arrows. Endurance,and hid in a small cupboard. ③ a beautiful river,where we 但我非常想跟他们一起去，于是我偷偷地登上了 will relax ourselves after school. 他的船“坚忍”号，藏在一个小橱柜里。 在我们学校前面有一条美丽的河流，放学后我们： 形容词/副词 可以在那里放松自己。 形容词十a(n)十单数可数名词 ④ (1)s0十 a better approach to solving ◇ many/few十复数名词 -that... the serious problem. (much/little(少的)十不可数名词 似乎有更好的办法来解决这个严重的问题。 我 a(n)十形容词十单数可数名词 (2)such 形容词十不可数名词 2.Well,it so happened that one morning I bought a -that... 形容词十复数名词 newspaper and read the advertisement about the ! Antarctic expedition [活学巧用]完成句子 好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则 DLight travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its 有关南极探险的招募广告。 speed. 97 英语选择性必修第三册 光传播的速度如此之快，我们几乎无法想象它的： (1)too十adj./adu.(for sb)十to do sth表示否定的意 速度。 义，意思是“太…而不能…”。 ②Itis 归纳 time. ；puoo3se!a3so13I1 (2)当to0..t0..用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向 缓 的形容词，如anxious,eager,glad,happy,pleased, ready,willing等时，不定式表示肯定意义。 It is I like to see it a second (3)can't/can never...too..再怎么…也不过分。 time. [活学巧用]完成句子 这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。 ①The sentence is translate. ③We had we couldn't finish 这个句子太难，我不会翻译。 the work on time. 我们的时间那么少，以至于我们不能按时完成这 2When you cross the street,you 项工作。 当你过马路时，你无论怎么小心都不为过。 [名师提醒](1)当名词前有little,若little意为 ③The tradesman was his “少”，表数量，则其前用s0修饰；若little意为： pens. “小”，则用such修饰。 这位买卖人十分急于卖掉他的钢笔。 (2)“so+adj./adu.”或“such+被修饰成分”位 4In my class there are still some problems to 于句首，主句中用部分倒装结构。 solve,the most obvious of which is copying 4....the voyage was too dangerous and difficult homework.Some students for all of us to make it in our small boats. independently. …这次航行太危险、太困难，我们所有人都无 在我的课堂上仍然有一些问题需要解决，最明显 法乘坐小船到达那里。 的是抄袭作业。有些学生懒得独立完成作业。 Part 4 随堂练 把知能落实 I.单词拼写 2.The reforms owe a great deal to the 1.When I saw a little girl crying there,my heart (resolve)of one man. (下沉). 3.I'm not sure whether he will solve the problem 2.As far as I'm concerned,the new roommate is (decent). honest and (真诚的). 4.You'd better not touch the books 3.When you get off the bus,do not forget to take (belong)to that girl. your (财物). 5. (abandon)by his owner,the little dog 4.It is natural that some young people are eager to join the (探险). led a poor life. 5.The guide was so (热情的)that she6.You ean get your brother to help you with so offered me some practical advice. : many (assign). 6.Some colleagues (the lucky7.The job market has changed and our approaches young man,but he didn't care about it. to (find)work must change as well. 7.It was a very long (航行)and some of!8.She (enthusiastic)threw herself into the sailors got very exhausted. her work. 8.Outside,a (严寒的)north wind was:9.It happened she was out when we accompanied by flurries of snow. : called. 9.George has started a health center and he's10.I don't know much about it,so I don't feel looking for (合格的)staff.. qualified comment). 10.He was (痛苦的)all the time and: Ⅲ.选词填空 rows would start over pretty things Ⅱ.单句语法填空 turn sb.down,from bad to worse,throw away,be 1.His (persevere)in the face of adversity enthusiastic about,keep up,be ready for,hold on, surprised us all. : set off 98 Unit 4 adversiTy ANd COURAGE 1.If he the activity,he will try his:5.以上是我现在正在遭受的事情。您可以给我一 best. 些实用的建议吗？（完全倒装） 2.He offered her a trip to Australia but she 3.They the difficult conditions of:V.课文语法填空 life at 5,000 metres. Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with 4.I feel a bit tired.However,I can : Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship 5.My parents did their best to the Endurance in 1914.Below are some of Blackborow's family tradition. diary entries. 6.We by bike from our school on It so happened 1. one morning I read time at 6:00 in the morning,but it was foggy. the 2. (advertise)about the Antarctic 7.I think I'll these old newspapers.expedition.At first,Shackleton turned me down 8.A recent survey shows the health of the students because he thought I was too young and wasn't in our school has gone in the past 3. (qualify).But I secretly hid in a small three years. cupboard.Unfortunately,three days after we set V.完成句子 off I 4. (discover).So he had to offer me a l1.即将来临的考试使我陷入恐慌，因此我写信向你：job,and assigned me to be5. steward. 寻求帮助。(get sb.into a panic) The journey has not been easy.Endurance became stuck in the ice and the 6. (crush) ship sank.Shackleton 7. (calm)told us to 2.首先，我太紧张，白天不能全神贯注于学习，晚上rescue our most essential supplies.We were not 也睡不好。(too..to..) allowed 8. (take)most of our personal belongings. We have been struggling for days,but things 3.其次，尽管我既努力又做好了充分准备，我仍然 on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. 缺乏信心。(as引导的倒装句) Shackleton left us to find help.When I begin to feel low,I try 9. (think)of happier things. Without Frank and Ernest,we'd all be dead by 4.第三，每天我沉溺于完成所有的作业，但是我没 now.Their genuine concern 10. others,their 有取得明显的进步。(be abandoned to) perseverance,and their resolve fill me with hope. 温馨提示 请做课时分层检测（十三） Learning about language一语法·提高语言能力 1.巩固重点课标词汇，学会在语境中理解单词的意义和功能，学习课标词汇的搭配。 2.在语境中体会同（近）义词汇之间的细微差别，掌握它们的不同用法。通过造句活动，做到用词达意，准确表 课时目标 达思想。 3.能够理解现在完成进行时的功能和意义，能正确运用现在完成进行时表达从过去一直持续到现在且有可能 还会继续的行为或状态。 99IV.1.not only speak the same language but also 2.The thought came'2.DIt 2to be looking 3to Ohappened to meet to him that 3.waiting for the bus 4.There is no doubt that ⑤It happened that 5.with his hands seized by the young policeman 3.2so good a film that such a good film that 3so little time that UNIT 4 4.Dtoo difficult for me to 2cannot be too careful 3too anxious to sell are too lazy to finish their homework Reading and Thinking Part 4 Part 1 I.1.sank 2.genuine 3.belongings 4.expedition 5.enthusiastic 1.adversity 2.wage 3.aboard 4.sink 5.abandon 6.voyagei 6.envied 7.voyage 8.bitter 9.qualified 10.miserable 7.good/bad-tempered 8.crew 9.expedition 10.endurance II.1.perseverance 2.resolution 3.decently 4.belonging 11.vigour 12.qualified 13.assign 14.decent 5.Abandoned 6.assignments 7.finding 8,enthusiastically 三、l.bitter 2.endurance 3.qualified 4.enthusiastic 5.assign 9.that 10.to comment 6.envy 7.belongings 8.miserable 9.selfish 10.genuine IlI.1.is enthusiastic about 2.turned him down 3.are ready for 11.perseverance persevere 12.resolve resolution 4.hold on 5.keep up 6.set off 7.throw away 4,1.join an expedition 2.be considered a great honour 8.from bad to worse 3.be ready for 4.at the age of 5.full of vigour IV.1.The approaching exam gets me into a panic,so I'm writing to turn 6.turn(sb.down 7.be enthusiastic about 8.go aboard the ship to you for help. 9.set off 10.serve meals for sb.11.become stuck in the ice 2.First of all,I am too nervous to focus on my studies in the 12.get crushed by 13.throw away 14.to one's surprise daytime and can't sleep well at night. 15.keep one's spirits up 16.be camped on the ice 17.from bad to 3.Secondly,hard-working and well-prepared as I am,I still lack worse 18.make it 19.feel low 20.a sudden cold rush of air confidence 21.hold on 22.fill sb.with hope 4.Thirdly,I am so abandoned to finishing all the assignments every 五、l.It happened that2.so important to us that day,but I don't make obvious progress. 3.wouldn't know so much about 5.The above are what I am suffering now.Would you please offer Part 2 me some practical suggestions? V.1.that 2.advertisement 3.qualified 4.was discovered 5.a 第二遍 6.crushed 7.calmly 8.to take 9.to think 10.for 步骤一 Learning About Language D 步骤二 Part 1 阅读文章第一段 精讲·语法知识 1.(1)A famous explorer. (2)To be a member of Sir Ernest Shackleton's expedition. ,即时训练1①has been doing②has been climbing 2.one of the most peaceful and undisturbed places ③have been pouring④has been phoning⑤have been following 阅读文章第一篇日记 ,即时训练2①has been rising②has risen③has been listening 1.(1)A(2)C has made Dhas proved/has proven 5has been playing ⑥has walked (3)He wanted Perce Blackborow to know that the expedition to the语境综合应用 South Pole was full of danger. 2.(1)It so happened that both of them were there. 1.to go 2.have been studying 3.went 4.listening 5.have been learning 6.have wasted 7.going (2)①What a brave boy you are！②How brave a boy you are！ 阅读文章第二篇日记 8.have been staying 9.have been getting 10.have been writing 1.(1)B(2)C Part 2 (3)To rescue their most essential supplies. 2.(1)have well and truly realized l.★unfortunately ④Unfortunately ⑤unfortunate⑥fortunate⑦make a fortune (2)①sank②I have been doing 阅读文章第三篇日记 ★application 1.(1)C(2)C ③for④to⑤apply to these banks for (3)Because theirge ner for thers,their andadvertisement Dis advertising for a volunteer to help look after perseverance filled the author with hope the patients 2.(1)miserable(2)①After all②all in all③above all Part 3 步骤三 1.honour 2.adventure 3.secretly 4.job 5.crushed I.1.have attended 2.have been keeping 3.have been chatting 4.has been rising 5.have been doing 6.has been dominated 6.to survive 7.from bad to worse 8.perseverance 7.has been enduring 8.have been advertising Part 3 II.1.have been cleaning the classroom 2.have been working 第一板块 3.have been enjoying 4.the environment has been improved a lot 1.★turn(sb).down 5.because he has been playing in the mud all the morning ③in④up⑤turned out to be⑥turned down the fire Using Language ★qualified ④qualified⑤qualification⑥to vote Part 1 Dhe was well qualified for this important task ,1.rough 2.loyal 3.candidate 4.commitment 5.motive 2.★enthusiastic 1三、l.roughly2.loyalty3.commitment ④enthusiasm⑤to read⑥enthusiastically ,1.ahead of 2.cheer sb up 3.make a fire 4.give off Dyou've been enthusiastic about sports enthusiastic 5.pay sb back 6.sign up for ★aboard 1五、3.1f ③board④broad⑤aboard⑥abroad Part 2 ⑦all the people aboard/on board©went aboard 3.④up⑤out⑥treating⑦set up a volleyball team Pre-reading 4.③was assigned④assignment⑤to carry out a challenging assignment 1.coldness hunger and loneliness hopelessness and desperation Ohas assigned a holiday task to each of us keep warm 5.④themselves⑤abandoned⑥to⑦with abandon ⑧abandon 2.I predict that Shackleton would be successful in rescuing his men, 6.②to③where④belongings⑤belonging to though I am not sure if all of them could survive until he came back. 第二板块 While-reading l.①are②out③In front of our school lies I.1.Para.1 d Para.2 b Para.3 a Para.4 c Para.5 f Para.6 e ④There seems to be 2.D 219