必修2 Unit 2 第1课时 固基.语言知识(Word教参)-【新高考方案】2027年高考英语一轮总复习（译林版）

该高中英语讲义围绕高考核心考点，涵盖词汇、语法、阅读等模块，按“基础自查-重点深化-语境活用”逻辑架构知识体系。通过考点梳理（如单词拼写、语法填空）、方法指导（语境辨义、词汇升级）、真题训练（阅读理解、完形填空）等环节，帮助学生系统突破语言知识难点，体现复习的针对性和系统性。 资料突出语境化教学和分层训练特色，如通过多义词（assume, average）在不同语境中的辨义培养思维品质，结合写作话题（健康生活）进行词汇应用提升语言能力。设置基础自查、重点深化、真题演练分层练习，确保高效复习，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

“教材单元语基背诵与默写”见学生用书《语基背诵与默写》分册P16。课前先过“识记关”哦！ |主|题|语|境|建|构| 第1课时　固基·语言知识 一、基础词汇·自查自纠　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Never force your legs to overstretch, or you can cause injuries (受伤)． 2．I must have slept in an awkward position — I'm aching (疼痛) all over. 3．The moment he entered the school, the freshman applied to be a volunteer for the movement (运动)． 4．I want to travel all over the world, so I need to master (掌握) English first. 5．The young man was eager for a good position (位置) in that company after he graduated. 6．Nowadays (现在) more and more middle school students are getting stressed in their studies. 7．In our daily routine (常规) our headteacher often warns us of the possible problems we might run into. 8．I take possession of three cars and I have the capacity to maintain (维修) them on a regular basis. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The headmaster's exciting congratulations (congratulate) on her good performance encouraged her greatly. 2．For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration (inspire) for Western creative. 3．I will make an announcement (announce) to remind them that they should check their belongings. 4．His path was unique, but innovation experts say the pattern of exploration (explore) is not unusual. 5．To the satisfaction (satisfy) of the boss，his products could satisfy the needs of the customers. 6．Don't hesitate to ask for help and solve the problem without hesitation (hesitate)． 7．With great efforts, she has reduced her weight by five kilograms in the past one month. 8．The parking place for bikes was an existing (exist) problem for a long time in our school. 易错微点　 1．inspiration表示抽象概念“灵感”时，是不可数名词，表示“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)”时是可数名词。 2．make an announcement意为“宣布；发布通知”，动词announce的常见用法为It is announced that “据宣布……”。 3．to one's satisfaction意为“使某人感到满意的是”，常见的搭配还有with satisfaction“满意地”。 4．without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”。 Ⅲ.语境辨义(将对应词义的代码填在横线上) 1．assume　 A．v.假定　B．v.认为　C．v.承担　D．v.呈现(生义) ①It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve.__B__ ②This matter has assumed considerable importance.__D__ ③The president assumes his new responsibilities in January.__C__ ④Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.__A__ 2．average　 A．n.平均水平；平均值　　 B．adj.普通的，一般的 C．adj.平均的　　　　　 D．v.平均为 ①The average price of goods rose by just 2.2%.__C__ ②It takes an average of ten weeks for a house sale to be completed.__A__ ③I suppose I average about five cups of coffee a day.__D__ ④The average student spends about two or three hours a night doing homework.__B__ 3．replace　 A．vt.用……替换　 B．vt.代替，取代 C．vt.更换，更新　 D．vt.把……放回原处(生义) ①Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom.__B__ ②The shower that we put in a few years back has broken and we cannot afford to replace it.__C__ ③What you should do in the reading room is replace the book when you finish it.__D__ 二、重点词汇·深化学习　 1．tend vi.往往会；趋向 vt.照看 ①(词汇升级)People usually think that the problem will never affect them.tend_to ②(写作话题：健康生活)In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful, some teenagers may tend_to_go_on_a_diet.(tend) 在一个以瘦为美的社会中，一些青少年可能会倾向于节食(减肥)。 ③(写作话题：健康生活)People who are stressed out have_a_tendency_to_eat_junk_food as a way to comfort themselves.(tendency) 压力大的人倾向于通过吃垃圾食品来安慰自己。 [内存卡] (1)tend to do sth.　 倾向于做某事 tend sb./sth. 照顾/护理某人/某物 (2)tendency n. 趋势；倾向；偏好 have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向 2.equipment n．[U]设备；配备，装备 ①He met with many difficulties, for he lacked equipment (equip), experience and technical data. ②We should equip_ourselves_with the high－positive poses and make our every day energetic! 我们应该用高度积极的姿态装备自己，让我们的每一天都充满活力！ ③(人物介绍)He is equipped with much experience in teaching, so he is well respected by all his students. →Equipped_with_much_experience_in_teaching,_he is well respected by all his students.(升级为过去分词短语作状语) →Equipping_himself_with_much_experience_in_teaching,_he is well respected by all his students.(升级为现在分词短语作状语) [内存卡] equip v．　　　　　 装备，配备 equip ...with ... 用……装备…… be equipped with ... 配备着…… equip ...for ... 为……装备……；为……做好准备 be equipped to do sth. 能够胜任做某事 名师指津：equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式。表示“一件装备”用a piece of equipment。 3．range n．(变化或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；一系列 vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化 ①The table tennis team will hold a range of activities, including some training and matches. ②When driving on freeways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of speed－limiting. ③The national park has a large collection of wildlife，ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants. ④(活动介绍)The activities may range_from Chinese calligraphy competition to_paper－cutting,_martial arts, appreciation of Beijing Opera and so on. 活动可能包括书法比赛、剪纸、武术、京剧欣赏等。 [内存卡] (1)a wide range of　 一系列…… beyond/out of range 在射程外；在范围外 within/in the range of 在射程以内；在范围内 (2)range from ...to ... 在……范围内变动； 包括……到…… 之间的各类事物 range between ...and ... 在……和……范围内变动 4．lack n．缺乏，匮乏，短缺；短缺的东西vt.&vi.没有，缺乏，不足，短缺 ①For lack of human protection, some good fields have become deserts. ②They are so rich that they lack for nothing. ③Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and (a) lack of exercise. ④Though/Although he lacked experience, he got the job. →Despite his_lack_of_experience,_he got the job.(转换为同义句) →Though/Although lacking_in_experience,_he got the job.(升级为省略句) [内存卡] (1)for lack of ...　 因为缺乏…… (a) lack of ... 缺乏…… (2)lack for 缺少，需要(多用于否定句中) (3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in 缺少…… 5.admit vt.&vi.承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入；可容纳 ①She apologized to me and admitted to taking/having_taken (take) my umbrella by mistake. ②Gaining admission (admit) to a key university is seen as a key to future success for some parents. ③(语境辨义)It is said that the admission to the concert is ￡5 and as a result, I determine to enjoy it.入场费 ④My mother was close to tears when she heard I_was_admitted_to/into_a_key_university. 当得知我被重点大学录取时，我妈妈差点儿就哭了。 ⑤(景物描写)It's a very broken house and the narrow windows admitted_little_light_into_the_room. 这是一座非常破旧的房屋，窗户狭窄，只有少量光线可以照进房间。 ⑥(情感描写)I felt very distressed and I_couldn't_admit_to_my_parents_that I found the course difficult. 我感到非常苦恼，我无法向父母承认自己觉得这门课程很难。 [内存卡] (1)admit be admitted as ... 作为……被接受 be admitted into/to ... 被……录取；被……接收 (2)admission n．　 承认；许可；允许进入；入场费 6．prevent ...from ...阻止…… ①(背景描写)It had been snowing non－stop for three days, and the storm prevented_us_from_communicating__with_the_outside_world. 雪已经连续不断地下了三天了，这场暴风雪阻断了我们与外界的通信联系。 ②(人物描写)David had a brain disease which_prevented/stopped/kept_him_from_walking_or_running like other children. 大卫患有脑部疾病，这让他不能像其他孩子那样走路或者奔跑。 [内存卡] (1)stop ...(from) doing sth.＝keep ...from doing sth. 阻止……做某事 (2)protect ...against/from ... 保护……以防…… (3)prevention n．　 阻止，预防 7．make up for弥补，补偿 ①(名言警句)Hard work can often make_up_for a lack of ability. 勤能补拙。 ②(背景描写)The fog was so heavy in the morning that we couldn't make_out the road clearly. 早晨雾很大，我们看不清路。 ③(细节描写)The team made_up_of ten young men often quarrelled, but they soon made_up.They have made_up_their_minds to learn from each other to make_up_for their shortcomings. 这支由10名年轻人组成的队伍虽然经常争吵，但他们很快就会和好。他们已经下定决心要互相学习，来弥补他们的不足。 [内存卡] make up　 　 和好；编造；组成；化妆；弥补 be made up of 由……组成，由……构成 make it 　 做到，成功；赶上，及时到达 make out 辨认出；理解；听清 make (no) sense 讲得(不)通，有(没)道理 make sense of 理解 make up one's mind　 下决心，决定 三、随堂训练·语境活用(根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式) (一) Regular exercise ①does (do) wonders for people's physical and mental health.It can increase the efficiency of your heart and lungs.It tends ②to_improve (improve) your immune systems.③Moreover,_it helps to reduce stress and get over negative feelings.When ④planning (plan) an exercise routine, it is wise of you to consider first ⑤what you'd like to improve, such as heart and lung efficiency, muscle ⑥strength (strong) or flexibility. Then choose activities you enjoy and stick with them.However, that's not enough.You should eat right and prevent injury.Eat foods ⑦containing (contain) carbohydrates to keep up your energy.Eat foods rich in protein to help to recover and repair your muscles.But don't eat ⑧immediately (immediate) after exercise.You can drink throughout exercise to make up ⑨for water lost to sweat.Last but not least, wear proper clothes and equipment as well as warming up ⑩to_prevent (prevent) injury.You should also start small and slowly form your regular exercise routine. (二) I hesitated when I was first advised ①to_join (join) the Tai Chi Club.②However,_after the first class, I ③was_attracted (attract) by it and inspired to explore the Chinese culture behind it.My coach told me that Zhang Sanfeng drew ④inspiration (inspire) from a fight between a snake ⑤and a bird.Some people believe Chen Wangting developed tai chi ⑥based (base) on martial arts skills.After my own study, I found that tai chi is ⑦deeply (deep) rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang, ⑧which are believed to form the unity of opposites.⑨No wonder that it can bring a state of physical balance and mental peace.It is obviously true that ⑩practising (practise) tai chi can bring me many benefits. [课时作业评价]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.阅读理解(适变创新命题：第4题以习语形式考查主旨理解) (2026·湖南师范大学附中)Growing up, Stephanie Laska never worked out, preferring music class to PE and enjoying sugary drinks and snacks.It wasn't until her 40s, weighing around 300 pounds, that she decided to change her lifestyle.Simple diet changes, like cutting out soda and limiting desserts, helped her lose 50 pounds.But she_hit_a_plateau and realized she needed to include moving. Initially, Laska decided to just walk.Gradually, she added running, starting with just one side of a tennis court and eventually running her first mile in 2014. Laska kept her new habit a secret at first.One day, at the park with her kids, she ran to catch up with them on their bikes.“The look on my daughter's face when she saw me running was like she saw Santa Claus，” Laska recalls.That's when she started taking her one－mile jogs up to a 5 km，10 km, half－marathon and eventually marathon distance.In 2015, she ran her first marathon and won first place in her age group. “What motivated me was that it wasn't as hard as I thought，” says Laska, who has lost a total of 140 pounds and kept it off for four years.“People make huge decisions, but I just made a small choice to take a walk.” She emphasizes that these small decisions can snowball into significant changes. Taking life one step at a time has not only improved Laska's well－being but promoted relationships with her family and even brought on a promotion at work.When asked about the key to losing weight, Laska says, “Exercise.For me, it is not about running a marathon, but about those daily decisions to just go outside.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Stephanie Laska因过于肥胖而改变饮食习惯、开始运动并最终爱上跑步的故事。 1．Why did Laska intend to transform her lifestyle? A．To stay youthful.　 B．To lose some weight. C．To encourage kids. D．To enjoy music better. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It wasn't until her 40s, weighing around 300 pounds, that she decided to change her lifestyle.”可知，她改变生活方式是为了减肥。 2．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 mean? A．She reached her goal weight. B．She got in shape effortlessly. C．She stopped losing weight despite her efforts. D．She decided to give up on her fitness journey. 解析：选C　句意理解题。根据画线句上文“Simple diet changes, like cutting out soda and limiting desserts, helped her lose 50 pounds.”可知，改变饮食帮助她减了50磅的体重。再根据下文“realized she needed to include moving”可知，她虽然通过努力控制饮食减了一些体重，但现在进入平台期，体重不再下降，她需要通过增加运动来进一步改变。故画线句意为“尽管她努力了，但她停止了减重”。 3．How did Laska's daughter react when she saw her mother running? A．She was angry. B．She was surprised. C．She was uninterested. D．She was disappointed. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘The look on my daughter's face when she saw me running was like she saw Santa Claus，’ Laska recalls.”可知，Laska的女儿看到妈妈跑步的反应是惊讶的。 4. What lesson does Laska's story mainly teach? A．Slow and steady wins the race. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．The early bird catches the worm. D．Small beginnings lead to great ends. 解析：选D　本题综合考查对习语的掌握及把握文章主旨的能力。根据倒数第二段的最后一句和最后一段的首句可推知，微小的开端可以成就伟大的结果。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2026·合肥模拟)My early school years were a struggle.I had little interest in many subjects and couldn't __5__ what I was capable of.Since I had been unsuccessful in almost all I attempted, I had lost my __6__.There was a time when I would never __7__ with anyone around me. Things didn't __8__ until one sunny afternoon when I saw kids swimming and laughing in a community pool. At that moment, I suddenly felt a sense of __9__ and realized that I needed to make a change and __10__ myself.I thought it might be helpful to learn a new __11__ and be part of a different group of people. So, I __12__ a swimming course. In the first few weeks, my instructor was quite __13__ my sincerity and abilities.This was a vital moment — it made me realize how __14__ it is for a person to discover their __15__ and fully pursue it. As the days went by, I began swimming __16__ in local swim meets and even won a few medals.Surprisingly, I made __17__ improvements as well, and finally went to college.When my parents expressed their complete admiration for my performance, my dignity was largely __18__. Now, I work as a lifeguard, a mountaineer, and a coach.If there's one thing I've learned, it's that you just need to give yourself a __19__.Everything I've done has been driven by a single goal — to realize my potential. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者早期学业受挫、尊严丧失，后因游泳重燃希望，挖掘潜力，实现了自我价值，从而领悟到要给自己机会的故事。 5．A.deny　　　　　　　　 B．recognize C．accept D．abandon 解析：选B　根据上文“My early school years were a struggle.I had little interest in many subjects”可知，作者早期学习困难，对很多科目没兴趣，所以此处指无法认识到自己的能力。A.deny否认；B.recognize认识，认出；C.accept接受；D.abandon抛弃。 6．A.patience B．focus C．dignity D．sympathy 解析：选C　根据上文“Since I had been unsuccessful in almost all I attempted”可知，作者什么都做不好，所以会失去尊严。下文“When my parents expressed their complete admiration for my performance, my dignity was largely ________.”也提到了 dignity，为原词复现。A.patience耐心；B.focus焦点，注意力；C.dignity尊严；D.sympathy同情。 7．A.fight B．negotiate C．compete D．interact 解析：选D　根据上文“Since I had been unsuccessful in almost all I attempted”以及语境可知，作者那段时间应该是比较封闭自己，不和周围的人交流。A.fight打架，斗争；B.negotiate谈判，协商；C.compete竞争，比赛；D.interact交流，互动。 8．A.settle B．work C．improve D．worsen 解析：选C　根据下文“At that moment, I suddenly felt a sense of ________ and realized that I needed to make a change”可知，作者意识到要做出改变，所以在那之前情况没有改善。A.settle解决；定居；B.work工作；C.improve改善，提高；D.worsen恶化。 9．A.regret B．peace C．achievement D．inspiration 解析：选D　根据下文“realized that I needed to make a change”可知，孩子们欢快地游泳的场景触动了作者，让他意识到自己需要做出改变。A.regret后悔；B.peace和平；C.achievement成就；D.inspiration鼓舞人心的人(或事物)。 10．A.reinvent B．express C．surprise D．question 解析：选A　根据上文“I needed to make a change”可知，作者意识到要改变，再结合作者之前的状态，此处应该是指重塑自己。A.reinvent重塑，改造；B.express表达；C.surprise使惊讶；D.question质疑。 11．A.concept B．routine C．skill D．insight 解析：选C　根据下文“So, I ________ a swimming course.”可知，此处指学习一项新技能。A.concept概念；B.routine常规，惯例；C.skill技能；D.insight洞察力。 12．A.put together for B．kept up with C．dropped out of D．signed up for 解析：选D　根据上文“I thought it might be helpful to learn a new ________”可知，作者想学习新技能，所以此处指报名参加游泳课程。A.put together for拼凑在一起；B.kept up with跟上，不落后；C.dropped out of退出；D.signed up for报名参加。 13．A.impressed with B．concerned with C．dismissive of D．critical of 解析：选A　根据下文“As the days went by, I began swimming ________ in local swim meets and even won a few medals.”可知，教练对作者的真诚和能力印象深刻。A.(be) impressed with对……印象深刻；B.(be) concerned with与……有关；C.(be) dismissive of对……不屑一顾；D.(be) critical of批评……。 14．A.alarming B．crucial C．unforgettable D．confusing 解析：选B　根据上文“This was a vital moment”可知，此处是指发现潜力并追求它很重要。A.alarming令人担忧的；B.crucial重要的，关键的；C.unforgettable难忘的；D.confusing令人困惑的。 15．A.potential B．success C．secret D．fortune 解析：选A　根据下文“Everything I've done has been driven by a single goal — to realize my potential.”可知，此处是指发现自己的潜力。A.potential潜力；B.success成功；C.secret秘密；D.fortune财富。 16．A.nervously B．competitively C．properly D．smoothly 解析：选B　根据下文“even won a few medals”可知，作者在比赛中表现不错，所以此处指作者很有竞争力。A.nervously紧张地；B.competitively有竞争力地；C.properly适当地；D.smoothly顺利地。 17．A.administrative B．technological C．academic D．economic 解析：选C　根据下文“finally went to college”可知，作者在学业上取得了进步。A.administrative管理的；B.technological技术的；C.academic学术的，学业的；D.economic经济的。 18．A.restored　　　　 B．ruined C．observed D．revealed 解析：选A　根据上文“Since I had been unsuccessful in almost all I attempted, I had lost my ________.”可知，作者之前失去了尊严，现在父母赞赏他的表现，所以此处指尊严得到了恢复。A.restored恢复；B.ruined毁坏；C.observed观察；D.revealed揭示。 19．A.blessing B．praise C.reward D．chance 解析：选D　根据上文“I had been unsuccessful in almost all I attempted”以及语境可知，作者从学习不好到后来通过学习游泳取得进步，考上大学，由此可知，作者认为要给自己一个机会。A.blessing祝福；B.praise表扬；C.reward奖励；D.chance机会。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2026·宜昌模拟)On March 30, a “Taiji for All” event was held in Brussels, 　20　 five Belgian Taiji associations took turns to take the stage, leading Belgian people closer to Taiji.After that, the movie Taiji Zhang Sanfeng, __21__ (star) Jet Li, Michelle Yeyoh and other stars, was shown on the spot. Initially, Taiji was believed to be a part of Taoist martial arts 　22　 (better) through generations of masters.For its timeless and unique charm, now Taiji, standing __23__ a treasure of traditional Chinese culture, enjoys worldwide reputation for its philosophical ideas.In 2020, Taijiquan, based on Taiji philosophy and integrating traditional Chinese health－keeping and combat wisdom, __24__ (list) in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Yu Jiajian, president of the European Taiji Culture Center, performed Yang－style Taiji Saber (刀) on－site.He __25__ (enthusiastic) explained this set of saber techniques was gentle within toughness.Though the movement speed was soft and stable, the movement strength was full of inner power.Fei Shengchao, the Chinese Ambassador to Belgium, who attended __26__ event, said that Taiji integrated knowledge and __27__ (practice) from multiple fields.Its core ideas had contributed Eastern wisdom to __28__ (globe) ecological civilization construction.He hoped the occasion would provide a platform for Belgian Taiji enthusiasts __29__ (display) and communicate, enhancing local people's understanding of Taiji culture. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了在布鲁塞尔举办的“全民太极”活动以及太极的相关情况。 20．where　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Brussels，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。 21．starring　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语was shown，空处需填非谓语动词；the movie Taiji Zhang Sanfeng和star“由……主演”之间为主谓关系，需用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填starring。 22．bettered　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语was believed，空处需填非谓语动词；Taiji和better“改善”之间为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式作后置定语。 23．as　考查介词。此处意为“作为中国传统文化的瑰宝”，stand as意为“作为”，为固定搭配。 24．was listed　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“In 2020”可知，本句描述过去的事情，时态使用一般过去时；主语Taijiquan与list之间为被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，be动词应用was。 25．enthusiastically　考查副词。此处修饰动词explained需用副词enthusiastically“热情地”，在句中作状语。 26．the　考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的“Taiji for All” event，需用定冠词the修饰。 27．practices　考查名词复数。空处和knowledge并列作integrated的宾语，强调多个领域的实践，需填名词复数。 28．global　考查形容词。此处修饰名词construction，需用形容词global“全球的”，在句中作定语。 29．to display　考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式形式。 75 / 80 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $