内容正文:
Unit 4 Life is beautiful
知识清单
单元导言
1.
To give life meaning, one must have a purpose* larger than oneself. 〔P48〕
要赋予生命意义,人必须拥有一个超越自我的目标。
①
purpose n. 重要意义;目的,意图 → purposeful adj. 有目的的 → purposely adv. 故意地
on purpose 故意地
the purpose of doing sth 做某事的目的
②
To give life meaning 为动词不定式短语作目的状语,置于句首表示强调;
larger than oneself 为形容词短语作后置定语,修饰 purpose。
Welcome to the unit
2.
A cactus* can take in water in tough* conditions. 〔P49〕
仙人掌能在恶劣条件下吸收水分。
①
cactus n. 仙人掌(复数 cacti / cactuses)
②
tough adj. 艰难的;坚韧的;结实的 → toughly adv. 顽强地
tough conditions 恶劣环境
a tough job 棘手的工作
③
take in 吸收;吸取;理解;欺骗
take in water 吸收水分
take in knowledge 吸收知识
3.
Lotuses* grow beautiful flowers even in mud. 〔P49〕
莲花即使在淤泥中也能开出美丽的花朵。
①
lotus n. 莲属植物;莲花图案(复数 lotuses)
4.
Bamboo does not break in the wind and continues to grow straight after the wind passes. 〔P49〕
竹子不会在风中折断,风过之后继续笔直生长。
①
straight adv. 直地;径直地 adj. 直的
straight away 立刻,马上
go straight ahead 一直往前走
②
after 引导时间状语从句,意为"在……之后";
continues to grow straight 中 straight 为副词,修饰动词 grow。
5.
Did you know that plants can teach us a lot about life? 〔P49〕
你知道植物能教给我们很多关于生活的道理吗?
①
that 引导宾语从句,作 know 的宾语,that 在口语中常省略;
主句为一般过去时 Did you know...,从句 can teach 用一般现在时表示客观真理。
6.
It's so strong that even a typhoon cannot easily break it. 〔P49〕
它如此坚韧,甚至连台风都不容易把它吹断。
①
so...that... 引导结果状语从句,意为"如此……以至于……";
so 后接形容词或副词,that 后接从句表示结果。
7.
So it is. 〔P49〕
的确如此。
①
本句为对上一句(It's so strong that...)的确认。"So + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词"
表示对前述内容的确认,意为"的确如此",主语与前文一致,不倒装;
注意区别 "So + be动词/助动词 + 主语"(倒装,表示"……也是如此")。
8.
It teaches us not to give up when we face difficulties. 〔P49〕
它教会我们在面对困难时不要放弃。
①
give up 放弃;戒除
give up doing sth 放弃做某事
give up hope 放弃希望
②
when 引导时间状语从句;teach sb not to do sth 教某人不要做某事,
不定式的否定形式 not to do sth 作宾语补足语。
9.
We can carry on like the bamboo till the hard time passes. 〔P49〕
我们可以像竹子一样坚持下去,直到艰难的时光过去。
①
carry on 继续(下去);坚持
carry on doing sth 继续做某事
carry on with sth 继续某事
②
till 引导时间状语从句,意为"直到……",相当于 until;
pass 在此为不及物动词,意为"过去;结束"。
10.
Exactly*. 〔P49〕
完全正确。
①
exactly adv.(答语)完全正确;准确地;确切地 → exact adj. 精确的
Exactly! 正是!/ 完全正确!
not exactly 不完全是
11.
The same is true of pine trees. 〔P49〕
松树也是如此。
①
The same is true of... ……也是如此;……也一样
近义表达:The same goes for... / It is the same with...
12.
They stay green all year round, even in the cold winter. 〔P49〕
它们一年四季都保持翠绿,即使在寒冷的冬天也是如此。
①
all year round 全年;一年四季
近义表达:all the year round / throughout the year
13.
Pine trees remind us to stay strong and hopeful during hard times. 〔P49〕
松树提醒我们在艰难时期要保持坚强和充满希望。
①
remind vt. 提醒;使想起 → reminder n. 提醒物
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事
remind sb that... 提醒某人……
②
hopeful adj. 充满希望的 → hope n./v. 希望 → hopefully adv. 有希望地 → hopeless adj. 绝望的
be/feel hopeful about 对……充满希望
14.
As the poet Shelley wrote, "If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" 〔P49〕
正如诗人雪莱所写:"冬天来了,春天还会远吗?"
①
as 引导方式状语从句,意为"正如;如同";
引号内 if 引导条件状语从句,can Spring be far behind 为疑问句形式的主句;
If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind? 为雪莱《西风颂》名句。
Reading
15.
At the back of our house, there was a small piece of unused* land. 〔P50〕
在我们房子后面,有一小块未使用的土地。
①
unused adj. 未用过的;闲置的 → use v./n. 使用 → used adj. 用过的 → useful adj. 有用的 → useless adj. 无用的
unused land 闲置土地
②
At the back of... 为介词短语作地点状语,置于句首表示强调;
there was... 为 there be 句型,表示"存在有"。
16.
"It's a pity* to let it go to waste like that," Mother said. 〔P50〕
"让它那样浪费掉真可惜,"妈妈说。
①
pity n. 遗憾;可惜 → pitiful adj. 可怜的
What a pity! 真可惜!
It's a pity to do sth 做某事很遗憾
It's a pity that... 遗憾的是……
②
go to waste 被浪费掉;白费
③
It is a pity to do sth 中 it 为形式主语,真正的主语是 to do sth;
Mother said 为直接引语后的提示语,用正常语序(主谓)。
17.
"Since you all enjoy eating peanuts*, let's make it a peanut* field." 〔P50〕
"既然你们都喜欢吃花生,我们把它变成花生田吧。"
①
peanut n. 花生
②
since 引导原因状语从句,意为"既然;因为",侧重已知的、显然的理由;
let's 后接动词原形 make,构成祈使句。
18.
We began buying seeds, digging up* the ground and watering the plants. 〔P50〕
我们开始买种子、翻地、浇水。
①
dig vt. & vi. 挖,掘,凿(dug, dug, digging)→ digger n. 挖掘者
②
dig up 掘地;挖掘出;发现
dig up the ground 翻地
③
began 后接三个并列的动名词短语 buying..., digging up..., watering...,
作 began 的宾语,形式保持平行。
19.
In a couple of* months, we had a harvest! 〔P50〕
几个月后,我们获得了丰收!
①
harvest n. 收成;收获 vt. 收获
have a good harvest 获得丰收
harvest time 收获季节
②
a couple of 几个;一对;两三个
a couple of days 几天
a couple of 强调"两个"或"几个",a pair of 强调"成对的一双"。
20.
"Let's have a party tonight to celebrate," Mother suggested. 〔P50〕
"我们今晚开个晚会庆祝一下吧,"妈妈建议道。
①
celebrate vt. & vi. 庆祝 → celebration n. 庆祝;庆典
celebrate sth 庆祝某事
celebrate one's birthday 庆祝生日
21.
She cooked the peanuts* in different ways and told us to go to the garden for the celebration*. 〔P50〕
她用不同的方法煮花生,还叫我们去花园参加庆祝活动。
①
peanut:词义、词形与搭配见第17条。
②
celebration n. 庆祝;庆典
in celebration of 为庆祝……
have/hold a celebration 举行庆祝活动
③
in different ways 用不同的方法;and 连接两个并列谓语 cooked 和 told。
22.
"Who can tell me what peanuts* are good for?" Father asked. 〔P50〕
"谁能告诉我花生有什么用?"爸爸问道。
①
peanut:词义、词形与搭配见第17条。
②
be good for 对……有好处;对……有益
be good at 擅长
be good to 对……好
be good with 善于应付……
③
what 引导宾语从句,作 tell 的直接宾语;
宾语从句用陈述语序:what peanuts are good for。
23.
"They're good for making oil*," my brother followed. 〔P50〕
"它们可以榨油,"我弟弟接着说。
①
oil n. 食用油;石油 → oily adj. 含油的;油腻的
cooking oil 食用油
oil painting 油画
②
be good for doing sth 对做某事有好处;follow 在此意为"跟着说;接着说"。
24.
"Almost everyone can afford to buy peanuts* and most people like eating them." 〔P50〕
"几乎每个人都买得起花生,而且大多数人都喜欢吃。"
①
peanut:词义、词形与搭配见第17条。
②
afford vt. 买得起;负担得起;抽得出(时间)
can afford to do sth 负担得起做某事
can afford sth 买得起某物
afford 常与 can/could/be able to 连用。
25.
Unlike* apples and peaches that show their fruits in the air and attract people with their beautiful colours, the peanut* plant hides its fruits in the earth. 〔P51〕
不像苹果和桃子那样把果实高挂枝头、用美丽的颜色吸引人,花生植物把果实藏在泥土里。
①
peanut:词义、词形与搭配见第17条。
②
unlike prep. 不像;与……不同 → like prep. 像 → likely adj. 可能的
③
attract vt. 吸引 → attraction n. 吸引(力);景点 → attractive adj. 吸引人的
attract sb with sth 以某物吸引某人
attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意
④
that 引导定语从句,修饰先行词 apples and peaches,that 在从句中作主语;
主句为 the peanut plant hides its fruits in the earth,
与 unlike 引导的介词短语形成对比。
26.
Until you dig* it out, you can't tell by looking at its thin stem* whether it bears* fruit or not." 〔P51〕
除非把它挖出来,否则光看它细细的茎你无法判断它是否结果。"
①
dig:词义、词形与搭配见第18条。
②
stem n. 茎,梗,柄
③
bear vt. 结(果实),开(花);生(孩子)(bore, borne/born)
bear fruit 结果实
bear children 生孩子
④
until 引导时间状语从句,意为"直到……",主句为否定句时表示"直到……才……";
whether...or not 引导宾语从句,作 tell 的宾语,意为"是否"。
27.
Father went on, "It's useful, though not very attractive*." 〔P51〕
爸爸继续说道:"它很有用,虽然不太好看。"
①
attractive adj. 吸引人的;有魅力的 → attract v. 吸引 → attraction n. 吸引力
②
though not very attractive 为让步状语从句的省略结构,
完整形式为 though it is not very attractive;
当状语从句主语与主句主语一致且含 be 动词时,可省略主语和 be 动词。
28.
"Do you mean," I asked, "compared* with usefulness*, attention and praise from others is not that important?" 〔P51〕
"你的意思是,"我问道,"与有用相比,别人的关注和赞扬并没有那么重要?"
①
compare vt. 比较,对比 → comparison n. 比较 → comparative adj. 比较的
compare A with B 把 A 和 B 比较
compare A to B 把 A 比作 B
②
usefulness n. 有用 → useful adj. 有用的 → useless adj. 无用的 → use v./n. 使用
③
praise n. & vt. 赞扬;表扬
in praise of 赞扬……
praise sb for sth 因某事表扬某人
④
compared with usefulness 为过去分词短语作状语,
mean 后接省略 that 的宾语从句;that important 中 that 为副词,意为"那么"。
29.
"This is what I mean. 〔P51〕
"这就是我的意思。
①
what 引导表语从句,what 在从句中作 mean 的宾语,意为"所……的(事物)";
This is what... 为常用句式,意为"这就是……"。
30.
And this is what I expect of you." 〔P51〕
这就是我对你们的期望。"
①
expect sth of sb 对某人有所期望;指望某人做某事
expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事
I expect so. 我想是吧。
②
what 引导表语从句,作 expect 的宾语;expect sth of sb 为固定搭配。
31.
But Father's words remain* clear in my memory to this day. 〔P51〕
但爸爸的话直到今天仍清晰地留在我的记忆中。
①
remain linking v. 仍然是;保持;留下 → remaining adj. 剩下的
remain calm 保持冷静
remain to be done 有待于做
②
memory n. 记忆;回忆 → memorize v. 记住 → memorable adj. 难忘的
in one's memory 在某人记忆中
have a good/bad memory 记忆力好/差
③
to this day 直到今天;至今
32.
I learnt that being useful is more important than being attractive*. 〔P53〕
我认识到有用比外表吸引人更重要。
①
attractive:词义、词形与搭配见第27条。
②
that 引导宾语从句,作 learnt 的宾语;
从句中 being useful 和 being attractive 均为动名词短语,分别作主语和比较对象。
33.
I talked about this with my parents when we were walking in the park yesterday. 〔P53〕
昨天我们在公园散步时,我和父母谈了这件事。
①
when 引导时间状语从句,从句用过去进行时 were walking,
主句用一般过去时 talked,表示"在某个动作进行过程中发生了另一件事"。
34.
Dad said every life on earth has a goal, and this goal is unlike* any other's. 〔P53〕
爸爸说地球上每个生命都有一个目标,而这个目标不同于其他任何生命的目标。
①
unlike:词义、词形与搭配见第25条。
②
said 后接省略 that 的宾语从句,从句由 and 连接两个并列分句;
any other's 为名词所有格,相当于 any other life's goal。
35.
He pointed to an apple tree and said, "This tree bears* fruit very well. 〔P53〕
他指着一棵苹果树说:"这棵树结的果实很好。
①
bear:词义、词形与搭配见第26条。
②
point to 指向(远处或方向)
point at 指着(近处或具体对象)
point out 指出
③
and 连接两个并列谓语 pointed to 和 said;bears fruit 结果实。
36.
It would be a great pity* if you never find it." 〔P53〕
如果你永远找不到它,那就太遗憾了。"
①
pity:词义、词形与搭配见第16条。
②
if 引导真实条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时 find;
主句用 would be 代替 will be,使语气更委婉柔和。
37.
She told me to think about what I truly expect of myself. 〔P53〕
她让我思考我对自己真正的期望是什么。
①
what 引导宾语从句,作介词 about 的宾语;
tell sb to do sth 让某人做某事,to think about... 作宾语补足语。
38.
"Don't judge* any idea too quickly," she said, "Take your time." 〔P53〕
"不要太快评判任何想法,"她说,"慢慢来。"
①
judge vt. & vi. 判断,认为;审判 n. 法官;裁判 → judgment n. 判断
judge sb/sth by... 根据……判断某人/某事
judging by/from... 根据……判断
②
take one's time 慢慢来;不着急
近义表达:No hurry. / There's no rush.
39.
It feels like a hidden* treasure, waiting to be dug* out. 〔P53〕
它感觉就像一个隐藏的宝藏,等待着被发掘。
①
dig:词义、词形与搭配见第18条。
②
hidden adj. 隐藏的,隐匿的 → hide v. 隐藏(hid, hidden)
a hidden danger 隐患
hidden treasure 宝藏
③
treasure n. 财宝,珍宝;珍视 vt. 珍视
art treasures 艺术珍品
④
waiting to be dug out 为现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰 treasure,
相当于 which waits to be dug out;to be dug out 为不定式的被动形式。
40.
Later that night, I asked Mum if being a teacher was a good idea. 〔P53〕
那天晚上晚些时候,我问妈妈当老师是不是个好主意。
①
if 引导宾语从句,意为"是否",相当于 whether,作 asked 的直接宾语;
从句中 being a teacher 为动名词短语作主语。
41.
She nodded because she thinks teaching is very important to society*. 〔P53〕
她点了点头,因为她认为教学对社会非常重要。
①
society n. 社会 → social adj. 社会的 → socially adv. 社交上
in society 在社会上
②
because 引导原因状语从句;从句中 she thinks 后接省略 that 的宾语从句
teaching is very important to society,teaching 为动名词作从句主语。
42.
Compared* with other choices, it suits* my personality, and seems meaningful. 〔P53〕
与其他选择相比,它适合我的性格,而且似乎很有意义。
①
compare:词义、词形与搭配见第28条。
②
suit vt. 适合;中……的意 n. 一套衣服 → suitable adj. 合适的
suit sb fine/well 很适合某人
sth suits sb 某物/某事适合某人
③
personality n. 个性,性格 → personal adj. 个人的 → personally adv. 就个人而言
④
meaningful adj. 有意义的 → meaning n. 意义 → meaningless adj. 无意义的
a meaningful life 有意义的生活
⑤
Compared with other choices 为过去分词短语作状语;
and 连接两个并列谓语 suits 和 seems。
Grammar
43.
She thinks kindness is an amazing quality. 〔P54〕
她认为善良是一种了不起的品质。
①
kindness n. 善良,好意 → kind adj. 善良的 → kindly adv. 亲切地
do sth out of kindness 出于好心做某事
show kindness to sb 对某人表示善意
②
quality n. 品质;质量;特性
a quality of life 生活品质
high quality 高质量
③
amazing adj. 令人惊叹的;了不起的 → amaze v. 使惊奇 → amazed adj. 感到惊奇的
amazing results 令人惊叹的结果
④
thinks 后接省略 that 的宾语从句;amazing 为 -ing 形容词作前置定语,修饰 quality,
表示事物本身"令人惊叹的"特征。
44.
For Amy, showing kindness to others is an important part of living a good life. 〔P54〕
对埃米来说,对他人行善是过好生活的重要组成部分。
①
live a good life 过上好生活
live a ... life 过着……的生活
live a happy/simple life 过着幸福/简朴的生活
②
showing kindness to others 为动名词短语作主语,谓语用单数 is;
living a good life 为动名词短语作介词 of 的宾语。
45.
In my opinion, living well means finding your purpose* in life. 〔P54〕
在我看来,好好生活意味着找到人生的目标。
①
purpose:词义、词形与搭配见第1条。
②
in my opinion 在我看来;我认为
近义表达:in my view / as far as I'm concerned
③
动名词 living well 作主语,谓语 means 用单数;
finding your purpose 为动名词短语作 means 的宾语。
46.
I know you're very hard-working, and this will help you be successful in the future. 〔P54〕
我知道你很勤奋,这将帮助你在未来获得成功。
①
be successful in 在……方面成功
succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
success n. 成功
②
know 后接省略 that 的宾语从句,从句由 and 连接两个并列分句;
help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事。
47.
If you find your work exciting to you, your life will be quite satisfying. 〔P54〕
如果你发现你的工作令你兴奋,你的生活将会相当令人满意。
①
exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 → excite v. 使兴奋 → excited adj. 感到兴奋的 → excitement n. 兴奋
an exciting job 一份令人兴奋的工作
②
satisfying adj. 令人满意的 → satisfy v. 使满意 → satisfied adj. 满意的 → satisfaction n. 满意
a satisfying experience 令人满意的经历
③
find 宾语 + 形容词 结构中,exciting 为 -ing 形容词作宾语补足语,说明 work 的特征;
satisfying 为 -ing 形容词作表语,说明 life 的特征;
if 引导条件状语从句。
48.
I'll keep that in mind. 〔P54〕
我会记住的。
①
keep sth in mind 把某事记在心里;记住
近义表达:remember sth / bear sth in mind
②
I'll = I will,表示将来时;keep sth in mind 中 that 为代词,指代前文内容。
49.
We should try to keep a balance between work and play. 〔P54〕
我们应该努力在工作和娱乐之间保持平衡。
①
balance n. 平衡 vt. 使平衡 → balanced adj. 平衡的
keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡
a balanced diet 均衡饮食
②
keep a balance between ... and ... 在……之间保持平衡
50.
If you're not interested in your job, you'll never love it. 〔P55〕
如果你对你的工作不感兴趣,你永远不会爱上它。
①
be interested in sth 对某事感兴趣
become interested in 开始对……感兴趣
②
interested 为 -ed 形容词作表语,说明人的感受"感兴趣的";
区别 interesting(-ing,令人感兴趣的,说明事物特征);
if 引导条件状语从句。
51.
And if you don't love your job, you might never be satisfied* in life. 〔P55〕
如果你不热爱你的工作,你可能一辈子都不会感到满足。
①
satisfied adj. 满意的 → satisfy v. 使满意 → satisfaction n. 满意
be satisfied with 对……感到满意
a satisfied smile 满意的微笑
②
satisfied 为 -ed 形容词作表语,说明人的感受"满意的";
区别 satisfying(-ing,令人满意的);
if 引导条件状语从句,might 表示推测。
52.
This is why it's so important to find an exciting job. 〔P55〕
这就是为什么找到一份令人兴奋的工作如此重要。
①
exciting:词义、词形与搭配见第47条。
②
why 引导表语从句;it is + adj. + to do sth 中 it 为形式主语,真正主语为 to find...;
exciting 为 -ing 形容词作前置定语,修饰 job,表示工作本身"令人兴奋的"特征。
53.
The boss* is satisfied* with John's work. 〔P55〕
老板对约翰的工作很满意。
①
boss n. 老板,上司(复数 bosses)
②
satisfied:词义、词形与搭配见第51条。
③
be satisfied with 对……感到满意
近义表达:be pleased with / be content with
④
satisfied 为 -ed 形容词作表语,说明 the boss 的感受。
54.
Be satisfied* with who you are, and don't compare* yourself to others. 〔P55〕
满足于做你自己,不要拿自己和别人比较。
①
satisfied:词义、词形与搭配见第51条。
②
compare:词义、词形与搭配见第28条。
③
satisfied 为 -ed 形容词作表语;
who 引导宾语从句,作介词 with 的宾语,who you are 意为"你是谁/你的本色";
整句为 and 连接的并列祈使句。
55.
Stay excited about your dreams, even when the road is hard. 〔P55〕
即使前路艰难,也要对梦想保持兴奋。
①
excited adj. 兴奋的;激动的 → excite v. 使兴奋 → exciting adj. 令人兴奋的
be excited about 对……感到兴奋
②
excited 为 -ed 形容词作表语,说明人的感受;
even when 引导时间/让步状语从句,意为"即使当……的时候",语气比 when 更强。
56.
Take a break and then move on. 〔P55〕
休息一下,然后继续前进。
①
take a break 休息一下
近义表达:have a rest / take a rest
②
move on 继续前进;开始新阶段;换话题
move on to sth 转到某事
③
整句为 and 连接的两个并列祈使句。
57.
Learn to stay relaxed— don't let small worries take over your day. 〔P55〕
学会保持放松——不要让小烦恼占据你的一天。
①
relaxed adj. 放松的 → relax v. 放松 → relaxing adj. 令人放松的
stay/feel relaxed 保持/感到放松
②
take over 占据;接管;接任
take over the company 接管公司
③
relaxed 为 -ed 形容词作表语,说明人的感受;
区别 relaxing(-ing,令人放松的,说明事物特征);
let sb/sth do sth 中 take over 为不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。
58.
My cousin's wife* enjoys working as a dentist*. 〔P56〕
我表哥的妻子喜欢做牙医的工作。
①
wife n. 妻子(复数 wives)
②
dentist n. 牙科医生 → dental adj. 牙齿的;牙科的
see a dentist 看牙医
③
enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
enjoy 后接动名词,不接不定式。
④
working as a dentist 为动名词短语作 enjoys 的宾语;
work as 意为"担任;以……身份工作"。
59.
I heard Dad talking about how much he likes his job when he was chatting with his friend on the phone. 〔P56〕
爸爸在电话里和朋友聊天时,我听到他在谈他有多喜欢自己的工作。
①
hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事
hear sb do sth 听见某人做了某事(全过程)
②
talking about... 为现在分词短语作宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行;
how much 引导宾语从句,作 about 的宾语;
when 引导时间状语从句。
60.
Amy felt encouraged to live a useful life after reading a passage* about peanuts*. 〔P56〕
读了一篇关于花生的文章后,埃米感到受到鼓舞,要过一种有用的生活。
①
peanut:词义、词形与搭配见第17条。
②
passage n. 章节;段落;乐段;通道
③
encourage vt. 鼓励 → encouragement n. 鼓励 → encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的 → encouraged adj. 受到鼓舞的
encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
④
after doing sth 做某事之后
⑤
encouraged 为过去分词转化而来的 -ed 形容词作表语,说明人的感受"受鼓舞的";
after reading... 为"after + 动名词"结构,相当于 after 引导的时间状语从句。
61.
Sandy thinks the work of a designer is very exciting. 〔P56〕
桑迪认为设计师的工作非常令人兴奋。
①
designer n. 设计师 → design v./n. 设计
fashion designer 时装设计师
②
thinks 后接省略 that 的宾语从句;
exciting 为 -ing 形容词作表语,说明 the work 的特征"令人兴奋的";
区别 excited(感到兴奋的,形容人)。
62.
Discussing meaningful jobs in class made Simon think about his own future. 〔P56〕
在课堂上讨论有意义的工作让西蒙开始思考自己的未来。
①
make sb do sth 使某人做某事(不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语)
think about 思考;考虑
②
Discussing meaningful jobs in class 为动名词短语作主语,
谓语 made 用一般过去时(动名词短语作主语,若谓语为一般现在时须用第三人称单数形式)。
63.
Although she works very long hours, she has a lot of great hobbies. 〔P56〕
虽然她工作时间很长,但她有很多很棒的爱好。
①
although 引导让步状语从句,意为"虽然;尽管",
不与 but 连用,但可与 yet/still 连用;
work long hours 长时间工作。
64.
She has a large stamp* collection and she's very good at chess. 〔P56〕
她有大量的邮票收藏品,而且她很擅长下棋。
①
stamp n. 邮票;印章
②
collection n. 收藏品;收集 → collect v. 收集 → collector n. 收藏家
a stamp collection 邮票收藏
③
and 连接两个并列分句;be good at 擅长,后接名词或动名词。
65.
When she has time off, she often goes skiing. 〔P56〕
当她有空时,她经常去滑雪。
①
when 引导时间状语从句;have time off 有空;休息;
go skiing 去滑雪(go + 动名词表示从事某项活动)。
66.
My aunt always makes time for me, even when she's feeling tired. 〔P56〕
我阿姨总是为我腾出时间,即使她感到很累。
①
tired adj. 疲倦的;疲劳的 → tire v. 使疲倦 → tiring adj. 令人疲倦的
be/feel tired 感到疲倦
be tired of 对……感到厌倦
②
make time for sb 为某人腾出时间
③
tired 为 -ed 形容词作表语,说明人的感受"疲倦的";
区别 tiring(-ing,令人疲倦的,说明事物特征);
even when 引导时间/让步状语从句。
67.
Whenever I need to talk to her about something, she's there for me. 〔P56〕
每当我需要和她谈谈时,她总在我身边。
①
whenever conj. 无论何时;每当
whenever = no matter when
whenever 既可引导时间状语从句,也可引导让步状语从句。
②
whenever 引导时间/让步状语从句,意为"无论何时;每当";
she's there for me 意为"她总在我身边支持我"。
Integration
68.
Fan Jinshi, known as the "Daughter* of Dunhuang", has spent most of her life protecting the ancient Dunhuang caves. 〔P57〕
樊锦诗,被誉为"敦煌的女儿",将一生中的大部分时间都用于保护古老的敦煌石窟。
①
daughter n. 女儿
②
be known as 作为……而闻名;被称为
be known for 因……而闻名
be known to 为……所熟知
③
spend one's life doing sth 用一生做某事
spend time/money doing sth 花费时间/金钱做某事
④
known as... 为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 Fan Jinshi,
相当于 who is known as...;
has spent...protecting 为现在完成时,spend...doing sth 为固定搭配。
69.
The Dunhuang caves are home to many wall paintings and painted sculptures. 〔P57〕
敦煌石窟是许多壁画和彩绘雕塑的所在地。
①
be home to 是……的所在地;是……的家园
近义表达:be the home of
②
wall paintings 壁画;painted sculptures 彩绘雕塑,painted 为过去分词作定语。
70.
Sadly, they have suffered some damage over time*. 〔P57〕
遗憾的是,随着时间的推移,它们遭受了一些损坏。
①
suffer vt. & vi. 遭受,受苦;忍受 → suffering n. 痛苦
suffer damage/loss 遭受损坏/损失
suffer from 患……病;受……之苦
②
damage n. 损坏,损害 vt. 损坏 → damaged adj. 被损坏的
cause/do damage to 对……造成损坏
③
over time 随着时间的推移;久而久之
④
have suffered 为现在完成时。
71.
In the late 1980s, Fan came up with the idea of digitalizing* the caves. 〔P57〕
20世纪80年代末,樊锦诗提出了将石窟数字化的想法。
①
digitalize vt.(= digitalise)使(信息)数字化 → digital adj. 数字的
digitalize the caves 将石窟数字化
②
come up with the idea of doing sth 提出做某事的想法
come up with a plan/suggestion 提出计划/建议
③
In the late 1980s 为时间状语,意为"20世纪80年代末";
digitalizing the caves 为动名词短语作介词 of 的宾语。
72.
Now, people all over the world can enjoy the wonder of Dunhuang. 〔P57〕
现在,全世界的人都能欣赏到敦煌的奇观。
①
wonder n. 奇观;惊奇;奇迹 v. 想知道 → wonderful adj. 精彩的
the wonders of nature 自然奇观
no wonder 难怪
wonder if/whether... 想知道是否……
②
all over the world 为介词短语作后置定语,修饰 people;
the wonder of Dunhuang 敦煌奇观。
73.
This way, the caves will live on forever. 〔P57〕
这样,石窟将永远流传下去。
①
live on 继续存在;流传下去;靠……生活
live on rice 以大米为主食
The tradition lives on. 传统延续至今。
②
This way 意为"这样;用这种方式",相当于 in this way,作方式状语。
74.
She gave up a comfortable life for a bigger dream. 〔P57〕
她为了一个更大的梦想放弃了舒适的生活。
①
comfortable adj. 舒适的 → comfort n. 舒适 → comfortably adv. 舒适地 → uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的
a comfortable life 舒适的生活
feel comfortable 感到舒服
②
give up 放弃;for a bigger dream 为了更大的梦想,for 表示目的。
75.
As we grow up, we must think of what we will do in our lives. 〔P58〕
随着我们长大,我们必须思考我们一生中将做什么。
①
as 引导时间状语从句,意为"随着;当……的时候",强调同步发展;
what 引导宾语从句,作介词 of 的宾语,what 在从句中作 do 的宾语;
grow up 长大;成长。
76.
We all hope to live a meaningful life, but how can we do that? 〔P58〕
我们都希望过有意义的生活,但我们怎样才能做到呢?
①
meaningful:词义、词形与搭配见第42条。
②
live a meaningful life:live a ... life 结构见第44条;本句强调人生目标表达。
③
but 连接两个并列分句,表示转折;后一分句为特殊疑问句。
77.
She went to work in Dunhuang after she graduated*. 〔P58〕
她毕业后去了敦煌工作。
①
graduate vi. & vt.(大学)毕业 → graduation n. 毕业
graduate from 从……毕业
graduate in 毕业于……专业
②
after 引导时间状语从句;went to work 去工作,为一般过去时。
78.
Life was difficult there at first because there was no electricity or running water. 〔P58〕
起初那里的生活很艰难,因为没有电,也没有自来水。
①
because 引导原因状语从句;
no electricity or running water 中 or 用于否定句,连接两个并列名词。
79.
After many years of hard work, the condition of the caves has been improved a lot. 〔P58〕
经过多年的艰苦努力,石窟的状况有了很大改善。
①
improve vt. & vi. 改善,提高 → improvement n. 改进
improve oneself 提升自我
improve the condition 改善状况
②
After many years of hard work 为时间介词短语;
has been improved 为现在完成时的被动语态,表示"已被改善"。
80.
Some people believe that to have a meaningful life, you must work for something great like Fan. 〔P58〕
有些人认为,要过有意义的生活,你必须像樊锦诗一样为伟大的事业而工作。
①
that 引导宾语从句,作 believe 的宾语;
to have a meaningful life 为动词不定式短语作目的状语,
相当于 in order to have a meaningful life;
like Fan 中 like 为介词,意为"像……一样"。
81.
I think any life can have meaning if we make a difference in some way. 〔P58〕
我认为,如果我们以某种方式发挥作用,任何生命都可以有意义。
①
make a difference 有影响;起作用
make a big difference 产生很大影响
make no difference 没有影响
②
think 后接省略 that 的宾语从句;
if 引导条件状语从句;in some way 以某种方式。
82.
She saw many girls in the mountains drop out of school*, so she decided to do something for them. 〔P59〕
她看到山里的很多女孩辍学,于是决定为她们做些什么。
①
drop out of school 失学,辍学
drop out of 退出;退学
②
see sb do sth 看见某人做某事(全过程),drop 为不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语;
so 连接并列分句,表示结果,意为"因此;于是"。
83.
She once said that people should do something while they're alive. 〔P59〕
她曾经说过,人活着的时候应该做些事情。
①
alive adj. 活着的(通常作表语或后置定语,不用于名词前)
stay alive 活着
alive 为表语形容词,不可说 an alive man,应说 a living man。
②
that 引导宾语从句,作 said 的宾语;
while 引导时间状语从句,意为"当……的时候;趁……"。
84.
Who has influenced you the most? 〔P59〕
谁对你影响最大?
①
influence vt. & n. 影响 → influential adj. 有影响力的
have an influence on 对……有影响
influence sb 影响某人
②
who 引导特殊疑问句,作主语;has influenced 为现在完成时;
the most 为 much 的最高级,修饰 influenced。
85.
He is an ordinary man, but he is very kind and helpful. 〔P60〕
他是一个普通人,但他非常善良、乐于助人。
①
ordinary adj. 普通的,平凡的
ordinary people 普通人
in ordinary dress 穿着普通
ordinary 强调"平凡的、普通的",common 强调"常见的",normal 强调"正常的"。
86.
Whenever his friends or family need help, he is always ready to lend a hand. 〔P60〕
每当他的朋友或家人需要帮助时,他总是乐意伸出援手。
①
lend sb a hand 帮某人一把;帮忙
近义表达:give sb a hand / help sb
②
whenever 用法见第67条;本句表示"每当……";
be ready to do sth 乐意/准备好做某事。
87.
And it is normal* for him to take care of old people in our neighbourhood in his free time. 〔P60〕
对他来说,在空闲时间照顾我们小区的老人是很平常的事。
①
normal adj. 正常的,平常的 → normally adv. 正常地 → abnormal adj. 不正常的
It is normal for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事很正常
②
take care of 照顾,照料
近义表达:look after / care for
③
It is + adj. + for sb to do sth 中 it 为形式主语,
真正主语为 to take care of...;for 引出不定式逻辑主语 him。
88.
He has also donated blood more than 20 times. 〔P60〕
他还献血超过20次。
①
donate vt. 捐赠 → donation n. 捐赠 → donor n. 捐赠者
donate blood 献血
donate sth to sb/sth 把某物捐赠给……
②
has donated 为现在完成时;more than 20 times 超过20次。
89.
Even his death will have meaning since he has decided to donate his body for medical research* when he dies. 〔P60〕
甚至他的死亡也将有意义,因为他决定在死后将遗体捐赠用于医学研究。
①
donate:词义、词形与搭配见第88条。
②
research n. & v. 研究 → researcher n. 研究员
medical research 医学研究
do/conduct research 做研究
research into/on 对……进行研究
③
since 引导原因状语从句,意为"既然;因为";
从句中 when he dies 为时间状语从句;
donate sth for... 把某物捐赠用于……。
90.
He has a heart full of love. 〔P60〕
他有一颗充满爱的心。
①
be full of 充满
近义表达:be filled with
②
full of love 为形容词短语作后置定语,修饰 heart,
相当于 which/that is full of love。
91.
I am greatly influenced by my father. 〔P60〕
我深受父亲的影响。
①
influence:词义、词形与搭配见第84条。
②
am influenced by 为一般现在时的被动语态;
greatly 为副词修饰 influenced,意为"极大地;深深地"。
92.
I have made up my mind* to live my life just like him. 〔P60〕
我已下定决心要像他一样生活。
①
make up one's mind 下定决心
make up one's mind to do sth 下定决心做某事
mind 的数随 one's 而变化,如 make up their minds。
②
have made up my mind 为现在完成时;
to live my life just like him 为不定式短语作后置定语,说明 mind(决心)的内容;
like him 中 like 为介词。
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