精品解析：北京市第二中学2023-2024学年度第六学段高二年级学段考试英语试卷

北京二中2023—2024学年度第六学段高二年级学段考试试卷 英语 命题人：张荣、付春雨 审核人：张一帆、王林娜 得分： 第一部分：知识运用(30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___1___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man approached me on the train. My ___2___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the chance to practice my Chinese. Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had attended a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___3___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most ___4___. however, was the fact. that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would ___5___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American writers as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ___6___ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ___7___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___8___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he showed me just how much one can gain from ___9___ with an open mind, and a willingness to _____10_____ with locals from all walks of life. 1. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment 2. A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost 3. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding 4. A. typical B. obvious C. natural D. remarkable 5. A. publish B. quote C. copy D. download 6. A. anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch 7. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with 8. A. well-behaved B. multi-skilled C. warm-hearted D. self-educated 9. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching 10. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage 第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The African penguin is expected to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade, given its current population decline. The main reason is a lack of food ____11____ (cause) by disturbance to ocean conditions. According to a study, recently scientists ____12____ (identify) a possible additional cause, one that is an entirely new threat and that further prevents the penguins ____13____ finding food: noise pollution in a bay. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When people ____14____ (face) with health or nutrition questions, it is increasingly common to go online and diagnose themselves. But the Internet is full of conflicting health warnings with no regulation to get rid of the wrong advice, some of ____15____ is extremely dangerous! Also, search engines rank results by ____16____ (popular) rather than accuracy, so solid facts can be tricky to find. It is worth ____17____ (check) if the writer of an online piece is properly qualified as an expert. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 There was a farmer who always sold a pound of butter to a baker. One day the baker decided to weigh the butter to see if he was getting a pound and found that he was not. This angered ____18____ (he), so he took the farmer to court. The judge asked the farmer ____19____ he had a measuring tool. The farmer replied, “I have a pair of scale. I have been buying a pound of bread from him. When the baker ____20____ (bring) me the bread, I always put it on my scale and give him the same weight of butter.” 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A This document sets out the display standards for Glasgow Museums. This guide will help exhibition planners provide access to exhibitions in our museums. Glasgow Museums’ aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers. We also try out best to protect these objects without limiting access to them. Object Placement • Don’t place objects in such a way that they could present a danger to visitors. • All object displays, cased or otherwise, must be viewable by all, including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs. Open Display • All objects on open display must be secure from theft and damage. • All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum. Recommendations Distance Recommended distance to place objects out of “casual arm’s 700mm length” (taken from the edge of the object to the edge of any proposed form of barrier) 700mm *In some cases, 600mm may be acceptable, provided the plinth height is above 350mm. Cased Objects • All cased displays should fall within the general optimum (最优的) viewing band of 750-2000mm. Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair. • Position small objects or those with fine detail in the front part of a case, with larger items behind. • Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. Objects placed above this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or people who are small in figure. 21. From this passage, we can learn that Glasgow Museums ________. A. limit access to exhibitions on a daily basis B. are most well-known for its large collection C. make generous donations to the disabled D. give weight to the experiences of visitors 22. According to the guide, objects to be placed on open display must ________. A. be equipped with anti-theft system B. be viewed from a distance of 700mm C. receive approval from the museum first D. fall within arms’ reach of a standing man 23. A mother and her 10-year-old son are likely to both feel comfortable in front of a diamond placed in a glass case at the height of ________. A. 1250mm B. 950mm C. 650mm D. 450mm B Is any economist so dull as to criticize Christmas? At first glance, the holiday season in western economies seems a treat for those concerned with such vagaries(奇思遐想)as GDP growth. After all, everyone is spending; in America, retailers make 25% of their yearly sales and 60% of their profits between Thanksgiving and Christmas. Even so, economists find something to worry about in the nature of the purchases being made. Much of the holiday spending is on gifts for others. At the simplest level, giving gifts involves the giver thinking of something that the recipient would like — he tries to guess her preferences, as economists say — and then buying the gift and delivering it. Yet this guessing of preferences is not easy; indeed, it is often done badly. Every year, ties go unworn and books unread. And even if a gift is enjoyed, it may not be what the recipient would have bought if they had spent the money themselves. Interested in this mismatch between wants and gifts, in 1993 Joel Waldfogel, then an economist at Yale University, sought to estimate the difference in dollar terms. In a study, he asked students two questions at the end of a holiday season: first, estimate the total amount paid (by the givers) for all the holiday gifts you received; second, apart from the sentimental value of the items, if you did not have them, how much would you be willing to pay to get them? His results were gloomy: on average, a gift was valued by the recipient well below the price paid by the giver. In addition, recipients may not know their own preferences very well. Some of the best gifts, after all, are unexpected items that you would never have thought of buying, but which turn out to be especially well picked. And preferences can change. So by giving a jazz CD, for example, the giver may be encouraging the recipient to enjoy something that was ignored before. This, a desire to build skills, is possibly the hope held by many parents who ignore their children’s desires for video games and buy them books instead. Finally, there are items that a recipient would like to receive but not purchase. If someone else buys them, however, they can be enjoyed guilt-free. This might explain the volume of chocolate that changes over the holidays. Thus, the lesson for gift-givers is that you should try hard to guess the preference of each person on your list and then choose a gift that will have high sentimental value. 24. According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Price is nothing but the factor when you give gifts. B. The receivers often overestimate the values of gifts. C. Chocolate will be blamed when people receive them as gifts. D. Gifts do not always correspond to needs in gift-giving. 25. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the text? A. The best gifts are well picked by the givers. B. The gift-giver tries to ignore the actual needs of the receiver. C. In gift-giving, guessing preferences is often a failure, so it’s the thought that counts. D. You have to take money into consideration when giving a gift. 26. The text is most likely taken from a _________. A. users’ handbook B. consumer-related report C. travel magazine D. medical journal C As the world’s population grows, farmers will need to produce more and more food. And large farms are increasingly using precision farming to increase yields (产量), reduce waste, and reduce the economic and security risks that inevitably accompany agricultural uncertainty. Traditional farming relies on managing entire fields—making decisions related to planting, harvesting, irrigating, and applying pesticides and fertilizer (农药和化肥)—based on regional conditions and historical data. Precision farming, by contrast, combines sensors, robots, GPS, mapping tools and data-analytics software to customize（量身定制）the care that plants receive without increasing labor. Robot-mounted sensors and camera-equipped drones (无人机) wirelessly send images and data on individual plants to a computer, which looks for signs of health and stress. Farmers receive the feedback in real time and then deliver water, pesticide or fertilizer in adjusted doses（剂量）to only the areas that need it. The technology can also help farmers decide when to plant and harvest crops. As a result, precision farming can improve time management, reduce water and chemical use, and produce healthier crops and higher yields—all of which benefit farmers’ bottom lines and conserve resources while reducing chemical runoff. Many small businesses are developing new software, sensors, and other tools for precision farming, as are large companies such as Monsanto, John Deere, Bayer, Dow and DuPont. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration all support precision farming, and many colleges now offer course work on the topic. In a related development, seed producers are applying technology to improve plant characteristics. By following individual plants over time and analyzing which ones flourish in different conditions, companies can relate the plants’ response to their environments with their genomics (基因组学). That information, in turn, allows the companies to produce seed varieties that will grow well in specific soil and weather conditions. This advanced technology may also help to improve crop nutrition. Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture for various reasons, such as high equipment costs and lack of access to the Internet. The technology may bring great challenges to experienced farmers who are not good at computers. And large systems will also be beyond the reach of many small farming operations in developing nations. But less expensive, simpler systems could potentially be applied. For others, though, cost savings in the long run may reduce the financial concerns. And however reticent some farmers may be to adopt new technology, the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach. 27. Precision farming differs from traditional farming partly because it ________. A. guarantees high yields with more labor B. relies on regional conditions and historical data C. offers plenty of water, pesticides and fertilizer D. provides real time information about target crops 28. About precision farming, we can learn that________. A. the government holds a cautious attitude B. it draws positive responses from businesses C. seed producers have already made huge profits D. large systems will soon be built in developing nations 29. The underlined word “reticent” in the last paragraph probably means ________. A. disappointed B. confused C. unwilling D. shocked 30. What is the best title for the passage? A. Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields B. More Challenges Faced by Modern Farmers C. Development of Farming Systems in the U.S. D. Traditional Farming is Gradually Disappearing D It is a general belief among academics that the humanities are in crisis. According to Harvard historian James Hankins, part of the problem is the dominance of “critical” reading over “primary” reading. Primary reading takes a text at face value and simply tries to understand what the author intended to say. Critical reading assumes an author’s statements can never be taken at face value. Instead, they must be “seen through” to expose the text’s real meaning, which is determined in accord with this or that fashionable theory. Mr. Hankins says primary reading “must be recovered” for higher education in the humanities to be effective. I would go further. Primary reading isn’t important only for the humanities, or even for education more generally. The restoration of primary reading could be a crucial weapon in fighting the “idle talk” that troubles American society. Idle talk was philosopher Martin Heidegger’s term for inauthentic discourse(不可信的言辞). It involves adopting and circulating others’ opinions about something without ever personally engaging that thing for yourself. People engaged in idle talk speak in accord with expectations for their particular identity or role. They hold and express the opinions a person in their role is expected to hold. Idle talk can be harmless. Each year my mother forms strong opinions about which films should win Academy Awards without seeing any of them, after reading articles by critics she favors. But idle talk can also be dangerous. Consider journalism. The norm nowadays is for one reporter to break a story, followed by dozens or hundreds of journalists recycling that content. They may add a little spin of their own but rarely look into the issue for themselves—even when this would require but a few clicks and a couple of minutes to read a legislative(法律的) text. Some journalists even just search social media for the story of the day and rewrite it in their own words. The Covid pandemic highlighted the problem, from exclusion of those daring to discuss the tradeoffs of lockdowns to the promotion of masks as a political identity marker completely disconnected from medical or scientific justification. Not to mention the misleading statement that arose over “the science” and the social trend to “follow” it. Social media has contributed to the spread of idle talk. Authentic discourse requires time, effort and good-faith engagement, but social media tends to encourage the opposite. As journalists comment on every topic, however small or traditionally unnewsworthy, the all-knowing chorus of global gossip becomes a roaring crowd. Social media raises this voice, pushing it into user feeds 24/7. We hear about everything, and we can’t hear about anything without also being told what opinion we should have about it. Opinions before facts; know what to think about something before actually looking into it for yourself. And really, why even bother with that? Primary reading isn’t only something the humanities need. Our entire culture needs its value to be recognized and restored. 31. What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A. Primary reading focuses on the deep meaning. B. Critical reading leads to the crisis in humanities. C. Critical reading is generally preferred nowadays. D. Primary reading once dominated higher education. 32. What does the underlined word “spin” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Practice. B. Priority. C. Investigation. D. Interpretation. 33. What does the author think of idle talk? A. It broadens people’s understanding. B. It affects independent thinking ability. C. It shakes people’s trust in news report. D. It promotes the advance of social media. 34. What message does the author convey? A. Readers should stay away from idle talk. B. Readers should read original texts carefully. C. Readers should limit the impact of social media. D. Readers should take a balanced view on reading. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 We all want to make a great first impression, whether it’s meeting our new colleagues for the first time or getting to know people at a social event. ____35____ First days can be stressful: Not only are you learning the ins and outs of your job role, but you are also learning the ropes about office culture, coworker personalities, and team interactions. ____36____ Whether it comes naturally or not, try to show friendliness and openness to everyone with whom you cross paths. Make an effort to introduce yourself to those around you, especially those you will be working closely with on a daily basis. Be kind to those around you, and show a real interest in learning about your new work environment. ____37____ ____38____ What does that mean? Do not be scared by people who have worked at your company longer—go ahead and volunteer for projects and do your best to show your boss and team members that you are not only responsible, but eager to show what you can do. If there are any after-work events, be sure to attend. Some people work in a casual office atmosphere, where rules are a bit laid back. But even if you suspect this might be the case for your new workplace, the first day on the job is not the time to fully embrace the slack(懈怠). ____39____ That means keeping your cellphone on vibrate or silent and putting it away for the day. Avoid all personal calls and emails during work hours. And do not surf the internet for non-work-related tasks, even if you notice others doing so. As the newbie in the office, it’s ultimately your responsibility to learn the ropes about what’s expected in terms of dress, office culture, etc. But on your very first day, do everything you can to show your boss and colleagues you are a valuable part of the team. A. It is a lot to take in, but now is not the time to be shy. B. Initiative is the most important thing for a new employee to get started. C. Whether it’s fair or not, people make assumptions based on physical presentation. D. You are being held to a higher standard than those who have been at the company longer. E. The very first day of your very first professional job, however, may just be the defining moment. F. Instead, keep it extremely professional until you have gotten a chance to witness the culture firsthand. G. People will pick up on your genuineness, which will go a long way toward making a great first impression. 第三部分(42分) 第一节：阅读表达(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文和问题，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。 Why do you pull yourself out of bed every morning to go to work or school? What does it take to make you feel like your contribution in those places is truly worthwhile? Knowing what motivates you can help you find meaning in your work and make efforts to reach your goals. Psychologists have a wide variety of ways of describing and differentiating motivations because people care about so many different things. Psychologist David McClelland identified three main motivations for people: achievement (the feeling of success), affiliation (close relationships) and power (the ability to influence the world). Authors Adrian Gostick and Chester Elton identified 23 motivations, including creativity, challenge and learning. Some motivations, such as money, social position and praise, are external; these are the tools bosses typically use to encourage their employees to do better. Other motivations, including fun, personal growth and feeling like one’s work is significant, come from within the person doing the action. These ideals, called internal motivations, tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away. Since a wide variety of motivations exist, it’s important to understand which ones are persuasive to you. Trying to motivate yourself in a way that doesn’t appeal to you will make it difficult to convince yourself to work. When choosing a career, think about what motivates you and make decisions accordingly. If you are motivated by overcoming challenges, look for a career where you can continually try hard to reach a higher level. People motivated by external rewards sometimes struggle to meet goals they set for themselves that no one else knows about. They can solve this problem by creating external rewards for their personal goals such as finding a friend to hold them accountable. When you know what motivates you, you will be able to motivate yourself to do the things necessary to succeed. And if you are a leader, knowing what motivates your team will enable you to help them do the same. 40. Why is it important for people to be clear of their motivations? 41. How can the motivations be classified according to McClelland? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Since the external motivations involve money, social position and praise, which are often used as tools by bosses, they are more dependable than the internal ones. 43. Please briefly present what motivates you in your life and how it works. (about 40 words) 第二节 词汇(满分10分) 根据句意、中文提示和单词或短语的首字母，写出单词或短语的正确形式，并将完整的单词或短语书写在答题纸的相应位置上。 44. He got up and d____ (拖；拽) his chair toward the table. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 45. Facilities for people with d_________ (残疾) are still insufficient. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 46. She was a fairly r_________ (死板的) person who had strong religious views. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 47. Once in court, he w_________ (撤回)the statement he had made to the police. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 48. The most important c_________ (标准) for entry is that applicants must design and make their own work. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 49. Simple directions for a_________ (组装) the model are printed on the box. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 50. At the mention of ice cream the little girl became excited and animated, b_________ (弹跳；蹦) up and down on the bed. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 51. Doctors tried to a_________ (短语：照料) the worst injured soldiers first. (根据中英文提示完成句子) 52. The reigning (本届的) Super Bowl champions continue to play as if they are i_________ (短语：独领风骚). (根据中英文提示完成句子) 53. I came into adult life clueless about a lot of things that most people t_________. (短语：认为理所当然) (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 第三节 书面表达(满分20分) 54. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他很想了解你的职业规划，请你给Jim回信，内容包括： 1.你希望从事的职业以及选择该职业的原因； 2.你打算为之做何准备。 注意：1.词数不少于100； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京二中2023—2024学年度第六学段高二年级学段考试试卷 英语 命题人：张荣、付春雨 审核人：张一帆、王林娜 得分： 第一部分：知识运用(30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___1___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man approached me on the train. My ___2___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the chance to practice my Chinese. Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had attended a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___3___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most ___4___. however, was the fact. that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would ___5___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American writers as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ___6___ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ___7___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___8___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he showed me just how much one can gain from ___9___ with an open mind, and a willingness to _____10_____ with locals from all walks of life. 1. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment 2. A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost 3. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding 4. A. typical B. obvious C. natural D. remarkable 5. A. publish B. quote C. copy D. download 6. A. anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch 7. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with 8. A. well-behaved B. multi-skilled C. warm-hearted D. self-educated 9. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching 10. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次在火车上偶遇了一个年轻的中国男子，在交谈中发现，年轻人见多识广、自学成才，是一个令人钦佩的人。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时，其间我与一个当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，这是所有旅行者都渴望的。A. experiment实验；B. encounter邂逅；C. competition比赛；D. appointment任命。根据后文“with a local that all travelers long for”指作者和当地人有了一次美妙的邂逅。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. true真的；B. so-called所谓的；C. new新的；D. long-lost很久不见的。根据上文“A young Chinese man approached me on the train.”可知，两人是在火车上认识的，所以是新朋友。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. building修建；B. sweeping打扫；C. checking检查；D. guarding守卫。根据后文“highways in order to help support his family”可知，年轻人修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，也许最值得注意的是这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。A. typical典型的；B. obvious显然的；C. natural自然的；D. remarkable引人注目的。根据后文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.”可知，这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，这是最值得注意的品质。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. publish出版；B. quote引用；C. copy复制；D. download下载。根据后文“a translated Emerson passage”指引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，故选B。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？”我记得他曾经问过。A. anticipate预期；B. imagine想象；C. recall记起；D. catch抓住。根据后文“him asking at one point”可知，作者在回忆年轻人提过的问题。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于这位从未离开过家乡几百英里的公路建设者，我很容易凭空想象。A. look into调查；B. rely on依靠；C. go over复习；D. deal with处理。根据后文“my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home”可知，这是作者凭想象进行的判断。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。A. well-behaved行为端正的；B. multi-skilled多技能的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. self-educated自学的。呼应上文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.(这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习)”，指这个年轻人的自学能力。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. traveling旅行；B. reading阅读；C. searching搜索；D. teaching教学。根据后文“with an open mind, and a willingness to”结合作者当时在乘火车旅行，所以是指带着开放的心态旅行，故选A。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. cooperate合作；B. side支持；C. negotiate协商；D. engage参与。根据后文“with locals from all walks of life”指和各行各业的当地人打交道，应用短语engage with表示“与……接触”。故选D。 第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The African penguin is expected to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade, given its current population decline. The main reason is a lack of food ____11____ (cause) by disturbance to ocean conditions. According to a study, recently scientists ____12____ (identify) a possible additional cause, one that is an entirely new threat and that further prevents the penguins ____13____ finding food: noise pollution in a bay. 【答案】11. caused 12. have identified 13. from 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述非洲企鹅野外种群数量锐减或将十余年内灭绝，除海洋环境扰动造成食物匮乏外，海湾噪音污染也成为新的生存威胁。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：主要原因是海洋环境受到干扰所造成的食物短缺。此处为非谓语，a lack of food与cause为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词caused作后置定语。 【12题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一项研究表明，科学家近期发现了另一个潜在诱因——一种全新的威胁，它会进一步阻碍企鹅觅食：海湾噪音污染。此处为谓语动词，scientists与identify为主动关系，时间标志词recently常和现在完成时连用，主语scientists是复数，所以谓语动词用have identified。 【13题详解】 考查介词。句意：一项研究表明，科学家近期发现了另一个潜在诱因——一种全新的威胁，它会进一步阻碍企鹅觅食：海湾噪音污染。此处考查固定搭配prevent sb. from doing sth.，表示“阻止某人做某事”，所以需要填入介词from。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When people ____14____ (face) with health or nutrition questions, it is increasingly common to go online and diagnose themselves. But the Internet is full of conflicting health warnings with no regulation to get rid of the wrong advice, some of ____15____ is extremely dangerous! Also, search engines rank results by ____16____ (popular) rather than accuracy, so solid facts can be tricky to find. It is worth ____17____ (check) if the writer of an online piece is properly qualified as an expert. 【答案】14. are faced 15. which 16. popularity 17. checking 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了人们上网自查健康问题这一现象，并指出网络健康信息存在弊端以及给出查阅建议。 【14题详解】 考查固定短语、时态和主谓一致。句意：当人们面临健康或营养问题时，上网自我诊断变得越来越普遍。固定搭配 be faced with表示“面临，面对”；主句为一般现在时，从句用一般现在时表示将来；主语people是复数，be动词用are。 【15题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：但是互联网上充斥着相互矛盾的健康警示，没有监管来剔除错误建议，其中一些是极其危险的！先行词为advice（物），空格前有介词of，非限制性定语从句中介词+关系代词，指代事物只能用which。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：此外，搜索引擎根据受欢迎程度而非准确性对结果进行排名，所以确凿的事实很难找到。介词by后面需要接名词作宾语，popular（受欢迎的）的名词形式是popularity（受欢迎程度）。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：值得核查一篇网络文章的作者是否具备专家资质。固定句型 it is worth doing sth.意为“值得做某事”，worth后接动名词。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 There was a farmer who always sold a pound of butter to a baker. One day the baker decided to weigh the butter to see if he was getting a pound and found that he was not. This angered ____18____ (he), so he took the farmer to court. The judge asked the farmer ____19____ he had a measuring tool. The farmer replied, “I have a pair of scale. I have been buying a pound of bread from him. When the baker ____20____ (bring) me the bread, I always put it on my scale and give him the same weight of butter.” 【答案】18. him 19. if##whether 20. brings 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了烘焙师因黄油重量不足而把农夫告上法庭的故事，但经过法官调查了解到其实是烘焙师先欺骗了农夫。 【18题详解】 考查代词。句意：这让他很生气，所以他把农夫告上了法庭。本空用代词him“他”，指代the baker，作动词angered的宾语。 【19题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：法官问农夫是否有测量工具。本空引导宾语从句，从句作asked的宾语，表示“是否”，用if或whether。 【20题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当面包师把面包给我的时候，我总是把它放在我的秤上，给他同样重量的黄油。根据空后的谓语put和give可知，本句叙述的是经常性、习惯性的动作，使用一般现在时，主语the baker是第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数形式。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A This document sets out the display standards for Glasgow Museums. This guide will help exhibition planners provide access to exhibitions in our museums. Glasgow Museums’ aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers. We also try out best to protect these objects without limiting access to them. Object Placement • Don’t place objects in such a way that they could present a danger to visitors. • All object displays, cased or otherwise, must be viewable by all, including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs. Open Display • All objects on open display must be secure from theft and damage. • All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum. Recommendations Distance Recommended distance to place objects out of “casual arm’s 700mm length” (taken from the edge of the object to the edge of any proposed form of barrier) 700mm *In some cases, 600mm may be acceptable, provided the plinth height is above 350mm. Cased Objects • All cased displays should fall within the general optimum (最优的) viewing band of 750-2000mm. Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair. • Position small objects or those with fine detail in the front part of a case, with larger items behind. • Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. Objects placed above this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or people who are small in figure. 21. From this passage, we can learn that Glasgow Museums ________. A. limit access to exhibitions on a daily basis B. are most well-known for its large collection C. make generous donations to the disabled D. give weight to the experiences of visitors 22. According to the guide, objects to be placed on open display must ________. A. be equipped with anti-theft system B. be viewed from a distance of 700mm C. receive approval from the museum first D. fall within arms’ reach of a standing man 23. A mother and her 10-year-old son are likely to both feel comfortable in front of a diamond placed in a glass case at the height of ________. A. 1250mm B. 950mm C. 650mm D. 450mm 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了格拉斯哥博物馆对参展物品所规定的展示标准和要求。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Glasgow Museums’ aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers. ”（格拉斯哥博物馆的目标是通过展示尽可能多的物品，并且没有物理障碍，来改善人们对藏品的访问）可知从这段话中，我们可以了解到格拉斯哥博物馆重视游客的体验。故选D项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三部分“All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum.”（所有被确定为可能开放展示的物品必须由博物馆的安全经理逐个查看并同意），可知根据该指南，公开展示的物品必须首先获得博物馆的批准。故选C项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一部分“All cased displays should fall within the general optimum (最优的) viewing band of 750-2000mm. Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair.”（所有带外壳的显示器应在750-2000mm的一般最佳观看范围内。确保所有东西都可以从轮椅上看到。）以及“Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. ”（摆放小物件或有细节的物件，距离地面不超过1015mm）可知一位母亲和她10岁的儿子在放在950毫米高的玻璃盒子里的钻石面前都会感到很舒服。故选B项。 B Is any economist so dull as to criticize Christmas? At first glance, the holiday season in western economies seems a treat for those concerned with such vagaries(奇思遐想)as GDP growth. After all, everyone is spending; in America, retailers make 25% of their yearly sales and 60% of their profits between Thanksgiving and Christmas. Even so, economists find something to worry about in the nature of the purchases being made. Much of the holiday spending is on gifts for others. At the simplest level, giving gifts involves the giver thinking of something that the recipient would like — he tries to guess her preferences, as economists say — and then buying the gift and delivering it. Yet this guessing of preferences is not easy; indeed, it is often done badly. Every year, ties go unworn and books unread. And even if a gift is enjoyed, it may not be what the recipient would have bought if they had spent the money themselves. Interested in this mismatch between wants and gifts, in 1993 Joel Waldfogel, then an economist at Yale University, sought to estimate the difference in dollar terms. In a study, he asked students two questions at the end of a holiday season: first, estimate the total amount paid (by the givers) for all the holiday gifts you received; second, apart from the sentimental value of the items, if you did not have them, how much would you be willing to pay to get them? His results were gloomy: on average, a gift was valued by the recipient well below the price paid by the giver. In addition, recipients may not know their own preferences very well. Some of the best gifts, after all, are unexpected items that you would never have thought of buying, but which turn out to be especially well picked. And preferences can change. So by giving a jazz CD, for example, the giver may be encouraging the recipient to enjoy something that was ignored before. This, a desire to build skills, is possibly the hope held by many parents who ignore their children’s desires for video games and buy them books instead. Finally, there are items that a recipient would like to receive but not purchase. If someone else buys them, however, they can be enjoyed guilt-free. This might explain the volume of chocolate that changes over the holidays. Thus, the lesson for gift-givers is that you should try hard to guess the preference of each person on your list and then choose a gift that will have high sentimental value. 24. According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Price is nothing but the factor when you give gifts. B. The receivers often overestimate the values of gifts. C. Chocolate will be blamed when people receive them as gifts. D. Gifts do not always correspond to needs in gift-giving. 25. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the text? A. The best gifts are well picked by the givers. B. The gift-giver tries to ignore the actual needs of the receiver. C. In gift-giving, guessing preferences is often a failure, so it’s the thought that counts. D. You have to take money into consideration when giving a gift. 26. The text is most likely taken from a _________. A. users’ handbook B. consumer-related report C. travel magazine D. medical journal 【答案】24. D 25. C 26. B 【解析】 【导语】文章从经济学角度分析节日送礼，指出礼物常和收礼人需求不匹配，同时提及礼物的情感价值等相关问题。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet this guessing of preferences is not easy; indeed, it is often done badly. Every year, ties go unworn and books unread. And even if a gift is enjoyed, it may not be what the recipient would have bought if they had spent the money themselves.(然而，这种揣测他人喜好的事情并不容易；事实上，人们常常做得不尽如人意。每年都有领带被束之高阁、书籍无人翻阅。而且，就算一份礼物受人喜爱，这份礼物也未必是收礼人自己花钱时会买下的东西。)”可知，送礼时礼物并不总是契合收礼人的需求。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Yet this guessing of preferences is not easy; indeed, it is often done badly. Every year, ties go unworn and books unread.(然而，这种揣测他人喜好的事情并不容易；事实上，人们常常做得不尽如人意。每年都有领带被束之高阁、书籍无人翻阅。)”以及最后一段“Thus, the lesson for gift‑givers is that you should try hard to guess the preference of each person on your list and then choose a gift that will have high sentimental value.(因此，送礼者得到的启示是：你应当尽力揣摩清单上每个人的喜好，然后挑选一份情感价值高的礼物。)”可以推断，送礼时猜测喜好常常会失败，所以心意才最重要。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“After all, everyone is spending; in America, retailers make 25% of their yearly sales and 60% of their profits between Thanksgiving and Christmas.(毕竟，人人都在消费；在美国，零售商25%的年销售额和60%的利润都来自感恩节到圣诞节这段时间。)”以及下文内容可知，文章围绕节日消费、送礼的消费现象展开分析，属于消费者相关的报道。 C As the world’s population grows, farmers will need to produce more and more food. And large farms are increasingly using precision farming to increase yields (产量), reduce waste, and reduce the economic and security risks that inevitably accompany agricultural uncertainty. Traditional farming relies on managing entire fields—making decisions related to planting, harvesting, irrigating, and applying pesticides and fertilizer (农药和化肥)—based on regional conditions and historical data. Precision farming, by contrast, combines sensors, robots, GPS, mapping tools and data-analytics software to customize（量身定制）the care that plants receive without increasing labor. Robot-mounted sensors and camera-equipped drones (无人机) wirelessly send images and data on individual plants to a computer, which looks for signs of health and stress. Farmers receive the feedback in real time and then deliver water, pesticide or fertilizer in adjusted doses（剂量）to only the areas that need it. The technology can also help farmers decide when to plant and harvest crops. As a result, precision farming can improve time management, reduce water and chemical use, and produce healthier crops and higher yields—all of which benefit farmers’ bottom lines and conserve resources while reducing chemical runoff. Many small businesses are developing new software, sensors, and other tools for precision farming, as are large companies such as Monsanto, John Deere, Bayer, Dow and DuPont. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration all support precision farming, and many colleges now offer course work on the topic. In a related development, seed producers are applying technology to improve plant characteristics. By following individual plants over time and analyzing which ones flourish in different conditions, companies can relate the plants’ response to their environments with their genomics (基因组学). That information, in turn, allows the companies to produce seed varieties that will grow well in specific soil and weather conditions. This advanced technology may also help to improve crop nutrition. Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture for various reasons, such as high equipment costs and lack of access to the Internet. The technology may bring great challenges to experienced farmers who are not good at computers. And large systems will also be beyond the reach of many small farming operations in developing nations. But less expensive, simpler systems could potentially be applied. For others, though, cost savings in the long run may reduce the financial concerns. And however reticent some farmers may be to adopt new technology, the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach. 27. Precision farming differs from traditional farming partly because it ________. A. guarantees high yields with more labor B. relies on regional conditions and historical data C. offers plenty of water, pesticides and fertilizer D. provides real time information about target crops 28. About precision farming, we can learn that________. A. the government holds a cautious attitude B. it draws positive responses from businesses C. seed producers have already made huge profits D. large systems will soon be built in developing nations 29. The underlined word “reticent” in the last paragraph probably means ________. A. disappointed B. confused C. unwilling D. shocked 30. What is the best title for the passage? A. Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields B. More Challenges Faced by Modern Farmers C. Development of Farming Systems in the U.S. D. Traditional Farming is Gradually Disappearing 【答案】27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们说明了精准农业提高产量，减少浪费，降低伴随着农业不确定性不可避免地的经济和安全风险。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Traditional farming relies on managing entire fields—making decisions related to planting, harvesting, irrigating, and applying pesticides and fertilizer (农药和化肥)—based on regional conditions and historical data.”（传统农业依赖于对整个农田的管理——根据地区条件和历史数据作出与种植、收获、灌溉和施用农药和化肥有关的决策。）；根据文章第三段“Precision farming, by contrast, combines sensors, robots, GPS, mapping tools and data-analytics software to customize（量身定制）the care that plants receive without increasing labor.”（相比之下，精准农业结合了传感器、机器人、GPS、地图工具和数据分析软件，在不增加劳动力的情况下量身定制植物所接受的照料。）通过对比可知，精准农业不同于传统农业的部分原因在于它利用科技，实时获取目标作物的信息，量身定制植物所接受的照料。故选D项。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Many small businesses are developing new software, sensors, and other tools for precision farming, as are large companies such as Monsanto, John Deere, Bayer, Dow and DuPont. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration all support precision farming, and many colleges now offer course work on the topic.”（许多小企业正在开发新的软件、传感器和其他用于精确农业的工具，像孟山都、约翰迪尔、拜耳、陶氏化学和杜邦等大公司也是如此。美国农业部、美国国家航空航天局和美国国家海洋和大气管理局都支持精准农业，现在许多大学都开设了这方面的课程。）市场上很多公司在开发应用于精准农业的软件和工具，从他们的反映和行动来看，精准农业得到了商业的积极响应。故选B项。 【29题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture for various reasons, such as high equipment costs and lack of access to the Internet. The technology may bring great challenges to experienced farmers who are not good at computers.”（由于设备成本高、无法上网等原因，农民并不普遍欢迎精准农业。该技术可能会给不擅长计算机的有经验的农民带来巨大的挑战。）可知目前大多数农民是不喜欢精准农业的；根据文章“And however reticent some farmers may be to adopt new technology, the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach.”（尽管有些农民可能会reticent采用新技术,下一代农民可能会倾向于采取这种做法。）由however“尽管”和the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach“下一代农民可能会倾向于采取这种做法”可知however后面表示的是与“the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach（下一代农民可能会倾向于采取这种做法）”相反的事情，即有些农民可能会不愿意采用新技术，这个与本段前面所说的“Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture”（农民并不普遍欢迎精准农业）相吻合。即可推知reticent意为“不愿意”。故选C项。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“And large farms are increasingly using precision farming to increase yields (产量), reduce waste, and reduce the economic and security risks that inevitably accompany agricultural uncertainty.”（大型农场越来越多地使用精准农业来提高产量，减少浪费，降低伴随着农业不确定性的不可避免地经济和安全风险。）可知文章开头提出精准农业提高产量，减少浪费和降低经济和安全风险这样一个观点，文章后面段落一直在围绕这个观点说明其原理。故A选项“Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields”（精准农业增加作物产量）可作为文章标题，故选A项。 D It is a general belief among academics that the humanities are in crisis. According to Harvard historian James Hankins, part of the problem is the dominance of “critical” reading over “primary” reading. Primary reading takes a text at face value and simply tries to understand what the author intended to say. Critical reading assumes an author’s statements can never be taken at face value. Instead, they must be “seen through” to expose the text’s real meaning, which is determined in accord with this or that fashionable theory. Mr. Hankins says primary reading “must be recovered” for higher education in the humanities to be effective. I would go further. Primary reading isn’t important only for the humanities, or even for education more generally. The restoration of primary reading could be a crucial weapon in fighting the “idle talk” that troubles American society. Idle talk was philosopher Martin Heidegger’s term for inauthentic discourse(不可信的言辞). It involves adopting and circulating others’ opinions about something without ever personally engaging that thing for yourself. People engaged in idle talk speak in accord with expectations for their particular identity or role. They hold and express the opinions a person in their role is expected to hold. Idle talk can be harmless. Each year my mother forms strong opinions about which films should win Academy Awards without seeing any of them, after reading articles by critics she favors. But idle talk can also be dangerous. Consider journalism. The norm nowadays is for one reporter to break a story, followed by dozens or hundreds of journalists recycling that content. They may add a little spin of their own but rarely look into the issue for themselves—even when this would require but a few clicks and a couple of minutes to read a legislative(法律的) text. Some journalists even just search social media for the story of the day and rewrite it in their own words. The Covid pandemic highlighted the problem, from exclusion of those daring to discuss the tradeoffs of lockdowns to the promotion of masks as a political identity marker completely disconnected from medical or scientific justification. Not to mention the misleading statement that arose over “the science” and the social trend to “follow” it. Social media has contributed to the spread of idle talk. Authentic discourse requires time, effort and good-faith engagement, but social media tends to encourage the opposite. As journalists comment on every topic, however small or traditionally unnewsworthy, the all-knowing chorus of global gossip becomes a roaring crowd. Social media raises this voice, pushing it into user feeds 24/7. We hear about everything, and we can’t hear about anything without also being told what opinion we should have about it. Opinions before facts; know what to think about something before actually looking into it for yourself. And really, why even bother with that? Primary reading isn’t only something the humanities need. Our entire culture needs its value to be recognized and restored. 31. What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A. Primary reading focuses on the deep meaning. B. Critical reading leads to the crisis in humanities. C. Critical reading is generally preferred nowadays. D. Primary reading once dominated higher education. 32. What does the underlined word “spin” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Practice. B. Priority. C. Investigation. D. Interpretation. 33. What does the author think of idle talk? A. It broadens people’s understanding. B. It affects independent thinking ability. C. It shakes people’s trust in news report. D. It promotes the advance of social media. 34. What message does the author convey? A. Readers should stay away from idle talk. B. Readers should read original texts carefully. C. Readers should limit the impact of social media. D. Readers should take a balanced view on reading. 【答案】31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者认为有必要恢复初级阅读，不仅仅是因为人文学科的需要，也是我们文化的需要。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“According to Harvard historian James Hankins, part of the problem is the dominance of “critical” reading over “primary” reading.(哈佛大学历史学家James Hankins认为，部分问题在于“批判性”阅读压倒了“初级”阅读。)”可知，人们现在偏向于选择批判性阅读。故选C。 【32题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词前一句“The norm nowadays is for one reporter to break a story, followed by dozens or hundreds of journalists recycling that content.(如今的惯例是，一个记者报道一个新闻，随后几十或数百名记者重复报道该内容。)”可知，现在的记者只会重复其他记者报道的内容，而不会自己去实地调查。而记者在自己写报道的时候，会增加的只有自己的解读。所以spin为“解读”之意。选项A“Practice (练习)”；选项B“Priority (优先权)”；选项C“Investigation (调查)”；选项D“Interpretation (解读)”。故选D。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“The Covid pandemic highlighted the problem, from exclusion of those daring to discuss the tradeoffs of lockdowns to the promotion of masks as a political identity marker completely disconnected from medical or scientific justification. Not to mention the misleading statement that arose over “the science” and the social trend to “follow” it.(新冠肺炎大流行凸显了这一问题，从排斥那些敢于讨论封锁利弊的人，到宣传将口罩作为与医学或科学理由完全无关的政治身份标志。更不用说出现的关于“科学”的误导性陈述和“追随”它的社会趋势。)”可推断，作者认为记者的闲聊只会导致他们报道不科学的言论，所以会动摇人们对它的信任。故选C。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“We hear about everything, and we can’t hear about anything without also being told what opinion we should have about it.(我们听到了所有的事情，而如果没有人告诉我们应该对此有什么看法，我们就什么都听不到。)”可知，人们习惯先看到观点再去了解事实。而作者并不这样认为，作者认为“Primary reading isn’t only something the humanities need. Our entire culture needs its value to be recognized and restored.(初级阅读不仅仅是人文学科需要的。我们的整个文化需要它的价值被承认和恢复。)”，由此可知，作者认为人们应该对阅读抱有一种平衡的观点。故选D。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 We all want to make a great first impression, whether it’s meeting our new colleagues for the first time or getting to know people at a social event. ____35____ First days can be stressful: Not only are you learning the ins and outs of your job role, but you are also learning the ropes about office culture, coworker personalities, and team interactions. ____36____ Whether it comes naturally or not, try to show friendliness and openness to everyone with whom you cross paths. Make an effort to introduce yourself to those around you, especially those you will be working closely with on a daily basis. Be kind to those around you, and show a real interest in learning about your new work environment. ____37____ ____38____ What does that mean? Do not be scared by people who have worked at your company longer—go ahead and volunteer for projects and do your best to show your boss and team members that you are not only responsible, but eager to show what you can do. If there are any after-work events, be sure to attend. Some people work in a casual office atmosphere, where rules are a bit laid back. But even if you suspect this might be the case for your new workplace, the first day on the job is not the time to fully embrace the slack(懈怠). ____39____ That means keeping your cellphone on vibrate or silent and putting it away for the day. Avoid all personal calls and emails during work hours. And do not surf the internet for non-work-related tasks, even if you notice others doing so. As the newbie in the office, it’s ultimately your responsibility to learn the ropes about what’s expected in terms of dress, office culture, etc. But on your very first day, do everything you can to show your boss and colleagues you are a valuable part of the team. A. It is a lot to take in, but now is not the time to be shy. B. Initiative is the most important thing for a new employee to get started. C. Whether it’s fair or not, people make assumptions based on physical presentation. D. You are being held to a higher standard than those who have been at the company longer. E. The very first day of your very first professional job, however, may just be the defining moment. F. Instead, keep it extremely professional until you have gotten a chance to witness the culture firsthand. G. People will pick up on your genuineness, which will go a long way toward making a great first impression. 【答案】35. E 36. A 37. G 38. B 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是议论文。文章阐述了作为办公室的新人，第一天如何给新同事留下好的印象。同时表明在第一天上班的时候要尽量向你的老板和同事展示你是团队中有价值的一部分。 【35题详解】 文章最后一段最后一句“But on your very first day, do everything you can to show your boss and colleagues you are a valuable part of the team.(但是在你工作的第一天，尽你所能向你的老板和同事展示你是团队中有价值的一部分)”提到工作的第一天（on your very first day），说明文章是在阐述第一天如何给新同事留下好印象。E选项“The very first day of your very first professional job, however, may just be the defining moment.(然而，你第一份专业工作的第一天可能就是决定性的时刻。)”中“The very first day of your very first professional job(你第一份专业工作的第一天)”引出下文，符合文意。故选E。 【36题详解】 下文“Whether it comes naturally or not, try to show friendliness and openness to everyone with whom you cross paths.(不管这是否自然，试着对你遇到的每个人表现出友好和开放)”提到不管是否自然，要表现出友好和开放。A选项“It is a lot to take in, but now is not the time to be shy.( 虽然有很多事情需要了解，但现在不是害羞的时候。)”中提到不要害羞，与下文呼应，同时“a lot”代指上文提到的“the ropes about office culture, coworker personalities, and team interactions.(办公室文化、同事个性和团队互动的诀窍)”。故选A。 【37题详解】 上文“Be kind to those around you, and show a real interest in learning about your new work environment.(善待你周围的人，并表现出真正的兴趣来了解你的新工作环境。)”提到要带着真正的兴趣来学习和了解新的工作环境。G选项“People will pick up on your genuineness, which will go a long way toward making a great first impression.(人们会注意到你的真诚，这对留下良好的第一印象大有帮助。)”介绍了带着真正的兴趣来学习和了解新的工作环境的好处，即人们会注意到你的真诚，承接上文，符合文意。故选G。 【38题详解】 下文“Do not be scared by people who have worked at your company longer—go ahead and volunteer for projects and do your best to show your boss and team members that you are not only responsible, but eager to show what you can do.(不要被那些在你的公司工作了很久的人所吓倒，主动去做项目，尽你最大的努力向你的老板和团队成员展示你不仅负责，而且渴望展示你的能力。)”提到主动去做项目（go ahead and volunteer for projects）。B选项“Initiative is the most important thing for a new employee to get started.(主动性对一个新员工来说是最重要的)”中“主动性（Initiative）”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。 【39题详解】 上午“Some people work in a casual office atmosphere, where rules are a bit laid back. But even if you suspect this might be the case for your new workplace, the first day on the job is not the time to fully embrace the slack(懈怠).(有些人在一种休闲的办公室气氛中工作，那里的一些工作规则有些松散。但是，即使你怀疑你的新工作场所可能会出现这种情况，第一天上班也不是完全接受这种懈怠的时候)”指出第一天上班不要懈怠，空处应该承接上文，具体指出这么做的原因，即因为你是新人，在刚开始上班时，别人对你的要求更高，D项“You are being held to a higher standard than those who have been at the company longer.(与那些在公司工作时间更长的人相比，别人对你的要求更高。)”符合，承上启下，下文“That means keeping your cellphone on vibrate or silent and putting it away for the day. Avoid all personal calls and emails during work hours.(这意味着把你的手机调成震动或静音，然后把它放在一边。在工作时间避免所有私人电话和电子邮件。)”具体解释了别人对你的要求更高，你应该如何做。故选D。 第三部分(42分) 第一节：阅读表达(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文和问题，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。 Why do you pull yourself out of bed every morning to go to work or school? What does it take to make you feel like your contribution in those places is truly worthwhile? Knowing what motivates you can help you find meaning in your work and make efforts to reach your goals. Psychologists have a wide variety of ways of describing and differentiating motivations because people care about so many different things. Psychologist David McClelland identified three main motivations for people: achievement (the feeling of success), affiliation (close relationships) and power (the ability to influence the world). Authors Adrian Gostick and Chester Elton identified 23 motivations, including creativity, challenge and learning. Some motivations, such as money, social position and praise, are external; these are the tools bosses typically use to encourage their employees to do better. Other motivations, including fun, personal growth and feeling like one’s work is significant, come from within the person doing the action. These ideals, called internal motivations, tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away. Since a wide variety of motivations exist, it’s important to understand which ones are persuasive to you. Trying to motivate yourself in a way that doesn’t appeal to you will make it difficult to convince yourself to work. When choosing a career, think about what motivates you and make decisions accordingly. If you are motivated by overcoming challenges, look for a career where you can continually try hard to reach a higher level. People motivated by external rewards sometimes struggle to meet goals they set for themselves that no one else knows about. They can solve this problem by creating external rewards for their personal goals such as finding a friend to hold them accountable. When you know what motivates you, you will be able to motivate yourself to do the things necessary to succeed. And if you are a leader, knowing what motivates your team will enable you to help them do the same. 40. Why is it important for people to be clear of their motivations? 41. How can the motivations be classified according to McClelland? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Since the external motivations involve money, social position and praise, which are often used as tools by bosses, they are more dependable than the internal ones. 43. Please briefly present what motivates you in your life and how it works. (about 40 words) 【答案】40. Because knowing what motivates people can help them find meaning in their work and make efforts to reach their goals. 41. He classified them into 3 main motivations: achievement, affiliation and power. 42. Since the external motivations involve money, social position and praise, which are often used as tools by bosses, they are more dependable than the internal ones. In the text, the author points out that internal motivations tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away. 43. 言之有理即可 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍知道自己工作的动机能帮助你找到工作的意义，并努力实现目标。心理学家有各种各样的方法来描述和区分动机。文章主要介绍了David McClelland确定的人们的三个主要动机：成功的感觉，亲密的关系和影响世界的能力。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Why do you pull yourself out of bed every morning to go to work or school? What does it take to make you feel like your contribution in those places is truly worthwhile? Knowing what motivates you can help you find meaning in your work and make efforts to reach your goals.（为什么你每天早上都要从床上爬起来去上班或上学?怎样才能让你觉得自己在这些地方的贡献是值得的?知道自己工作的动机能帮助你找到工作的意义，并努力实现目标。）”可知，知道工作的动机能帮助你找到工作的意义，并努力实现目标，故答案为Because knowing what motivates people can help them find meaning in their work and make efforts to reach their goals. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第二句“Psychologist David McClelland identified three main motivations for people: achievement (the feeling of success), affiliation (close relationships) and power (the ability to influence the world).（心理学家David McClelland确定了人们的三个主要动机:成就(成功的感觉)，归属(亲密的关系)和权力(影响世界的能力)。）”可知，David McClelland确定了人们的三个主要动机就是，成就(成功的感觉)，归属(亲密的关系)和权力(影响世界的能力)，故答案为He classified them into 3 main motivations: achievement, affiliation and power. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段最后一句“These ideals, called internal motivations, tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away.（这些理想被称为内部动机，往往比外部动机更可靠，因为它们代表着永远不能被拿走的东西。）”可知，文章指出内部动机往往比外部动机更可靠，因为它们代表的东西永远不能被拿走，故答案为Since the external motivations involve money, social position and praise, which are often used as tools by bosses, they are more dependable than the internal ones. In the text, the author points out that internal motivations tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away. 【43题详解】 开放题。回答时先说出自己生活中的动机，然后再陈述是它是如何影响你的。答案言之有理即可。 第二节 词汇(满分10分) 根据句意、中文提示和单词或短语的首字母，写出单词或短语的正确形式，并将完整的单词或短语书写在答题纸的相应位置上。 44. He got up and d____ (拖；拽) his chair toward the table. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】 dragged##ragged 【解析】 【详解】句意：他站起来，把椅子拖向桌子。and连接并列成分动词的过去式got up和所填词，所填词也要用过去式；该词以d开头，中文含义是“拖、拽”，要填动词drag的过去式dragged。 45. Facilities for people with d_________ (残疾) are still insufficient. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】 disabilities##isabilities##disability##isability 【解析】 【详解】句意：供残疾人使用的设施仍然不足。根据首字母d和汉语提示“残疾”可知，此处应填名词disability，作介词with的宾语。表示“残疾人”常用表达为people with disabilities，此处填复数形式disabilities或不可数形式disability（表示抽象概念）均可。 46. She was a fairly r_________ (死板的) person who had strong religious views. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】 rigid##igid 【解析】 【详解】句意：她是一个相当死板的人，有着强烈的宗教观。根据中文提示“死板的”以及首字母r可知，此处应填入形容词rigid，在句中作前置定语修饰名词 person。 47. Once in court, he w_________ (撤回)the statement he had made to the police. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】withdrew##ithdrew 【解析】 【详解】句意：一到法庭，他就撤回了此前向警方作出的陈述。根据汉语和首字母提示可知，此处是动词withdraw，根据句意和下文的had made可推断，句子可用一般过去时，withdraw的过去式是withdrew。 48. The most important c_________ (标准) for entry is that applicants must design and make their own work. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】 criterion##riterion 【解析】 【详解】句意：最重要的入学标准是申请人必须设计和制作自己的作品。根据汉语提示“标准”以及首字母c可知，应填入名词criterion作句子主语。 49. Simple directions for a_________ (组装) the model are printed on the box. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】 assembling##ssembling 【解析】 【详解】句意：盒子上印有组装这个模型的简单说明。根据汉语提示“组装”及首字母a可知，应使用动词assemble；由于空前是介词for，且其后带有宾语the model，因此需要使用动名词形式assembling作介词的宾语。 50. At the mention of ice cream the little girl became excited and animated, b_________ (弹跳；蹦) up and down on the bed. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】bouncing##ouncing 【解析】 【详解】句意：一提到冰淇淋，小女孩变得兴奋活跃，在床上蹦蹦跳跳。本句已有谓语became，空格处作伴随状语；主语the little‑girl与动词bounce是主动关系，要用现在分词形式。 51. Doctors tried to a_________ (短语：照料) the worst injured soldiers first. (根据中英文提示完成句子) 【答案】 attend to##ttend to 【解析】 【详解】句意：医生们试图首先照料伤势最严重的士兵。根据中文提示“照料”和首字母a可知，应填动词短语attend to，意为“照料，护理”。此处为不定式作宾语。 52. The reigning (本届的) Super Bowl champions continue to play as if they are i_________ (短语：独领风骚). (根据中英文提示完成句子) 【答案】in a league of their own##n a league of their own 【解析】 【详解】句意：本届超级碗冠军继续比赛，仿佛他们独领风骚。固定习语in a league of one’s own表示“独领风骚、无人能及、水平远超旁人”，本句主语为they，所以one’s替换为their；放在as if引导的方式状语从句中作表语。 53. I came into adult life clueless about a lot of things that most people t_________. (短语：认为理所当然) (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】took for granted##ook for granted 【解析】 【详解】句意：我成年时对大多数人们认为理所当然的许多事情一无所知。根据首字母t和中文提示“认为理所当然”可知，此处应用短语take for granted，在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，修饰先行词things；结合主句谓语came into可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，take的过去式为took。 第三节 书面表达(满分20分) 54. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他很想了解你的职业规划，请你给Jim回信，内容包括： 1.你希望从事的职业以及选择该职业的原因； 2.你打算为之做何准备。 注意：1.词数不少于100； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m delighted to share my career plan with you. My dream is to become a cultural heritage conservator. The reason is that I have a strong passion for history and was inspired by the news of cultural relics being protected. I believe this job can help preserve our past for future generations. To prepare for it, I am now focusing on history and chemistry at school, since conservation requires both knowledge of history and practical skills. Besides, I plan to join a volunteer group at the local museum to gain some hands-on experience. What do you think of my plan? Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给英国笔友Jim回信，介绍自己希望从事的职业以及选择该职业的原因，并谈谈自己打算为之做何准备。 【详解】1.词汇积累 热情：passion → enthusiasm 激励：inspire → motivate 保护：protect → safeguard 专注于：focus on → concentrate on 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Besides, I plan to join a volunteer group at the local museum to gain some hands-on experience. 拓展句：Besides, I plan to join a volunteer group that is at the local museum so that I can gain some hands‑on experience. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The reason is that I have a strong passion for history and was inspired by the news of cultural relics being protected.(运用了that引导的表语从句) 【高分句型2】To prepare for it, I am now focusing on history and chemistry at school, since conservation requires both knowledge of history and practical skills.(运用了since引导的原因状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $