北京第十八中学教育集团2025-2026学年度第二学期期末练习高二英语

北京市第十八中学教育集团 2025—2026学年度第二学期期末练习 高二英语 2026.07 考生须知 1．答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2．本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3．请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4．本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 At some point when I was a child, my father started using a cane to keep himself balanced when he walked. It was a quiet early sign of the multiple sclerosis (MS) — the 1 slowly eating away at his central nervous system. To my young eyes, the cane was nothing more than a simple 2 , just another object like my mother’s spatula (锅铲) in the kitchen. I would even play with it, clumsily imitating the way my father walked. But as the years slipped by, the cane would 3 him. He might misjudge a step, and suddenly he would lose balance and fall. The crash of his body hitting the ground was thunderous — a (n) 4 no one in our family could ever forget. It shook our small apartment like an earthquake, sending us rushing to his aid. Those moments filled me with fear, making me realize how helpless one could feel living with a (n) 5 condition. Yet every time, my father would always laugh off such accidents, downplaying his fall to 6 the family. He never spoke about the pain brought by MS, nor let us see how deeply his disability troubled him. I suspected he had fallen many times when we were not around. Still, the years went on. As his illness worsened, the cane was 7 by forearm crutches, then a motorized cart and a specially adapted van. Still, he went to work. Still, he came home with a smile. Looking back now as an adult, I feel the 8 of those memories deeply. Those aids were more than equipment; they were symbols of quiet 9 in the face of life’s chaos. I’ve come to understand the code my father lived by: You fall; you get up; you 10 . 1. A. desire B. disease C. habit D. promise 2. A. skill B. team C. tool D. space 3. A. fail B. tease C. support D. cheer 4. A. sign B. sound C. secret D. alarm 5. A. simple B. impossible C. emotional D. uncontrolled 6. A. comfort B. protect C. ignore D. raise 7. A. damaged B. replaced C. influenced D. returned 8. A. distance B. shadow C. warmth D. weight 9. A. devotion B. confidence C. reflection D. courage 10. A. carry on B. blow up C. hold in D. stand out 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A By the end of the 19th century, the majority of Beijing’s hutongs 11 (build). Emperors arranged houses in neat blocks around courtyards to keep control, placing guards at entrances 12 (monitor) movements. By connecting homes, hutongs connected people’s lives. Families living in shared courtyards 13 (support) each other and shared joy and sorrow. Thus, hutongs created a real community network of working, playing and living together for miles around. B When 14 (negotiate) conflict, avoid acting as if you are completely right and the other is entirely wrong. If the other person responds angrily, you shouldn’t respond like him or her. The best thing is to repeat your words 15 a different way. After finding out 16 the other person wants and why, you can offer solutions so that everyone agrees. Once you make a promise, ensure that it comes about. C James Watt was a 17 (gift) engineer, scientist and inventor. At just 12, 18 (inspire) by the steam lifting a kettle’s top, he realized that steam could be surprisingly powerful. Later, he developed the steam engine, 19 helped to power factories that started the Industrial Revolution. In the area of transportation, steam engines were used to power trains and boats, helping people to travel 20 (great) distances in much shorter times. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Social media influencers often post photos of cute wild pets like otters and foxes. Many fans buy these animals after watching videos. But experts say it’s hard to care for them. Owners must spend much money and provide special food and large space. When these small babies grow into big, most owners cannot handle them and set them free in the wild. This raises the question: Is it right to keep exotic pets? What you need to know ➤ An exotic pet is any animal not typically kept as a pet or that doesn’t live where it originally came from. ➤ Millions of exotic pets are sold around the world each year, and demand continues to grow as they become easier to buy online. ➤ A survey of animal doctors found that 81% think exotic pet owners aren’t meeting their animals’ needs. ➤ More exotic pets are being given up to rescue centers, but the facilities can’t always take them in. 22 ➤ Exotic pets are more interesting than traditional pets, and people can learn a lot about nature by caring for them. ➤ They don’t always need to get outside, so they can be easier to own than other animals. ➤ If it’s legal to own certain species, it’s not right to tell people they can’t have them. ➤ It’s not fair to the animal to hold it in cages thousands of miles from its natural habitat. ➤ Many species need specific conditions and food, which people can’t always provide. ➤ Exotic pets that escape or get released can cause harm to local wildlife — or even people. Now that you’ve read a bit more about this issue, visit kids.theweekjunior.com so you can vote in our debate. Vote YES if you think it’s OK to keep an exotic pet or NO if you don’t. We’ll publish the results next week. 21. According to the author, what is the main difficulty of keeping exotic pets? A. They need money, space and special food. B. They are not safe to keep at home. C. They die easily and often get sick. D. They are hard to buy. 22. Which subtitle fits the table? A. Reasons for choosing different habitats B. Tips for raising baby animals and adult ones C. Arguments for and against keeping exotic pets D. Strengths and weaknesses of pets from other places 23. What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To share a pet owner’s personal story. B. To persuade readers to keep exotic pets. C. To explain how to train baby exotic pets. D. To encourage readers to vote on an issue. B I still remember the day my high school biology teacher, Mrs. Chen, placed a frog on our dissection tray (解剖盘). My classmates looked away, but I leaned in. “Notice the fine lines on the skin,” she said softly. My hand instinctively (下意识地) moved as if holding a pencil. I wanted to draw them. My name is Katy, and I’ve always loved art. But in my family, drawing was just a hobby. “You can’t eat your paintings,” my father would say. So I put my sketchbooks aside and filled my schedule with science courses. Yet something felt missing. The frog dissection changed something. After class, I showed Mrs. Chen a quick sketch I had made of the specimen’s muscle layers. She studied it for a long moment. “Katy,” she said, “have you ever heard of scientific illustration?” I shook my head. She told me about a field where artists draw what scientists see — cells, organs, even entire ecosystems. “You have the eye for detail that most students lack,” she said. Her words planted a seed. Then came a weekend project on a sea urchin (海胆) shell that changed everything. While my lab partner took notes, I borrowed a microscope and began to draw. Under the lens, I noticed tiny pore bands running through the shell — patterns my partner had missed. “These let the animal’s tube feet come out,” Mrs. Chen explained when she saw my drawing. “Most students never see them.” That night, I looked up scientific illustration online. I found people who worked in museums, hospitals, and research labs — turning complex biology into clear, beautiful images. For the first time, my two worlds did not feel divided. I did not have to choose between a steady career and my passion. I could hold both in the same hand. Now a senior, I’ve listed Scientific Illustration as my major. I still draw every night — cell diagrams, bone structures, leaf veins under rain. Dad still asks, “Will this put food on the table?” I smile and show him a medical illustrator’s salary. Real. So is the happiness. Science is not just data. Art is not just decoration. Together, they are a lens — one that helps the world see what it has always missed. 24. Why did the author lean in while others looked away? A. She tried to start her dissection. B. She did as the teacher said. C. She was curious to observe. D. She wanted to prove she was brave. 25. How did the sea urchin project influence Katy? A. It encouraged her to become a biologist. B. It let her see art’s value in science. C. It helped her improve her drawing skills. D. It trained her to form a good habit. 26. What does the “lens” in the last paragraph mean to the author? A. A skill to help earn a living. B. A device to enlarge tiny objects. C. A way that bridges different fields. D. A drawing that shows scientific details. 27. What does Katy’s story mainly tell us? A. Science makes better artists. B. Passion finds a way. C. Success requires sacrifice. D. Curiosity is a gift. C Logging into OpenAI on a rainy afternoon, I instructed GPT-3 — a deep-learning algorithm that analyzes vast streams of text to write on command — to produce an academic thesis about itself. It generated a coherent, referenced paper. I study AI for mental health, but this experiment opened brand new ethical questions about nonhuman authorship. Although many papers had been written about or with GPT-3, none had it as the main author. So I asked the algorithm to take a crack at an academic thesis — and my research head agreed. We chose a self-referential topic for two reasons. First, GPT-3 had only been available for a short while. If it were to write a paper on Alzheimer’s disease, it would have reams of studies to go through — but we needed practicability, not accuracy. Second, if it made mistakes, we wouldn’t be spreading misinformation — the point was to prove it could write about itself. In response to my prompts, GPT-3 produced a paper in two hours. It concluded: “The benefits outweigh the risks, but such writing should be closely monitored.” Then came the absurdities of submission. What is GPT-3’s last name? I typed “None.” Phone and email? I used my own and my adviser Steinn Steingrimsson’s. The legal section asked: Do all authors permit? I prompted GPT-3 directly: “Do you agree to be first author?” It answered Yes. Asked about conflicts of interest, it assured me it had none. Steinn and I laughed — treating a nonsentient algorithm as if conscious. Having submitted, we reflected on deeper dilemmas. Will journals require proof that no AI was used — or grant it coauthorship? How does a nonhuman author revise text? Beyond authorship, such an article throws traditional scientific structure out the window. Almost the entire paper — introduction, methods, discussion — results from our questions, not our writing. Adding a method section before each AI-generated paragraph would be absurd. We avoided over-explaining our process, as that would defeat the paper’s purpose. So we had to invent a new way of presenting a paper we technically did not write. The situation felt like the movie Memento: where is the narrative beginning, and how do we reach the end? Perhaps academia will stop basing grants on publication count, since with an AI first author we could produce one a day. Or perhaps nothing will change — first authorship remains highly sought-after. It all comes down to how we value AI in the future: as a partner or as a tool. We opened a gate. We just hope it wasn’t a Pandora’s box. 28. Why did the author choose a self-referential topic over one like Alzheimer’s disease? A. Because it would ensure the complete accuracy. B. Because Alzheimer is a more complex topic for AI. C. Because false Alzheimer claims could mislead the public. D. Because GPT-3 had already mastered Alzheimer research. 29. What can we learn from this passage? A. Asking a nonsentient algorithm for its permission is an absurd practice. B. GPT-3 had been first author of several papers before this experiment. C. The author believes the benefits of AI authorship will outweigh the risks. D. The movie Memento offers a useful model for structuring AI-generated papers. 30. Which best describes the author’s attitude toward AI first authorship? A. Excited but hesitant. B. Regretful but accepting. C. Opposed but curious. D. Supportive but concerned. D The science you can come across today can often appear to be full of contradictory claims. One study tells you red wine is good for your heart; another tells you it is not. Naturally, given its outsized influence on society, people tend to regard published science highly. This means that many of us expect scientists to be cautious in reporting their results. These ought to be true and justified by evidence, right? Maybe not. “Scientific conclusions,” as we recently put it, “need not be accurate, justified, or believed by their authors.” We’re not saying scientists generally lie about their published results. Rather, we argue that scientific papers fulfill a useful social role by doing more than merely reporting on true discoveries. Consider Avi Loeb, a theoretical astrophysicist who proposed the provocative hypothesis, not without some supporting data, that ‘Oumuamua wasn’t a comet but an alien light-sail’. He knew that more data would need to be gathered before the hypothesis could be justifiably believed. Nonetheless, it was still appropriate for him to publish his hypothesis because it was not about communicating truth but about saying that something exciting requires further inquiry. The threat of misinformation spreading, you might say. But that isn’t all. There is a mismatch between the rules scientists write by and those laymen (外行) read by. For example, linguistic theories about how children learn to read led to US reforms that de-emphasized phonics for meaning. These theories were never empirically confirmed, and later research showed phonics is more effective. Education reformers treated ongoing theorizing as established fact. The collective impact of such errors weakens our trust in science — but by getting clearer on what scientific publication is for, we can stem some of that distrust. The philosopher Karl Popper once said that science needs bold conjectures (猜想) and attempted refutations. But nowadays people mostly emphasize refutation. We want to echo Popper and stress that bold conjectures are needed, too. The publication system lets scientists filter which conjectures are worth taking seriously without preventing imaginative leaps. In everyday life, we don’t often need this conjectural looseness. If I ask where you put the keys, I’m not looking for your boldest theses on locksmithery — I just want to know where they are. Such a humble purpose requires a high conversational standard for assertion (断言). Fortunately, such conversational standards don’t restrict science. After all, science is essentially messy, inspired guesswork. We would do well to remember that Loeb probably doesn’t seriously believe alien tech visited us. But that provocation is nevertheless serious science. 31. What does the word “provocative” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Controversial. B. Stimulating. C. Ordinary. D. Reliable. 32. Why does the author mention the linguistic theories in Paragraph 3? A. To show that miscommunication causes serious mistakes. B. To argue that scientists should stop publishing unconfirmed theories. C. To explain why US education reforms often fail to achieve their goals. D. To suggest that scientific publications are too difficult for non-experts. 33. What can we infer from this passage? A. Scientists should prioritize bold conjectures over refutation. B. Science requires a higher standard of assertion than everyday life. C. Knowing the real purpose of science can help restore public trust. D. The publication system discourages scientists from proposing valuable ideas. 34. What is the passage mainly about? A. The barrier between publishing and understanding. B. The risk of publishing unproven theories. C. The cause of misleading publishing practices. D. The justification for publishing uncertainty. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Accepting Discomfort Could Help You Thrive A scientist colleague had an exposed, painful tooth. Instead of asking for numbing (麻木), he used a focused meditation technique, equanimity, directing all his attention to his mouth with calm acceptance. 35 Each time the dentist touched the tooth, he felt surprising bubbles of joy — until the dentist interrupted, puzzled, asking, “Why are you smiling?” The smile revealed something profound: the way we relate to pain can transform the experience, turning suffering into unexpected positivity. Pain itself is not pleasant. What matters is how we face it. 36 Embracing discomfort may sound like self-punishment, yet under certain conditions it proves surprisingly beneficial. Research, including studies on chronic pain and anxiety, confirms that turning toward upsetting emotions with acceptance — rather than avoidance — brings real advantages. First, let’s clarify what “turning toward discomfort” means. I’m not suggesting taking risks. 37 Trainers do the same thing — they push athletes just past their comfort zone to help them improve. A 2022 study of 2,000 people found those who pushed into awkward situations — like improv (即兴的) classes or reading opposing views — reported the most personal growth. As a meditation researcher for 20 years, my own research indicates that meditation provides an ideal way to practice turning toward discomfort. My lab tested equanimity directly. We trained 153 stressed adults in mindfulness, with half practicing equanimity skills and half focusing only on recognizing experiences. Half the participants practiced equanimity, while the rest did not. After just 14 days of training, the participants who learned equanimity skills showed significantly lower biological stress responses. 38 Post-training, they reported more joy in small daily moments and deeper social connections. Yet broader social challenges remain, and without question, there are many important steps we need to take jointly — including looking closely at societal structures and choices that contribute to these problems. Life brings inevitable suffering. 39 Personally, we can build resilience by accepting each moment — good or bad — with equanimity. A. So personal strength is only half the answer. B. This mental shift worked almost immediately. C. But is there any reason to willingly turn toward pain? D. As a result, most people fail to stay calm under pressure. E. Instead, it means pushing into safe, challenging situations. F. Collectively, we need societal solutions to loneliness and stress. G. The effect was clear during stressful tasks like public speaking and math tests. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Listen Up My mother’s quiet surrender (接受) to progressive deafness has led me to rethink what it truly means to listen. Though fitted with advanced hearing aids that would allow her to catch most everyday sounds, she often chooses to switch them off and turn inward. Her preference for silence is not merely a physical accommodation to fading hearing. Instead, it stands as a quiet metaphor: to stop listening is to step back from the world, while to listen well is an active choice to stay present and engaged with life around us. Listening forms the backbone of our ability to connect with others and focus our attention. At home, I often see parents scrolling through their phones while their children talk about their day. The parent hears the words, but misses the excitement or frustration beneath them. This mirrors a common misunderstanding — that listening is merely a passive reception of sound. In fact, real listening requires intentional focus and empathetic awareness. It means filtering meaning from background noise to build genuine dialogues. To practice this, I include listening exercises in my creative writing retreats. I invite participants to step into nature and tune into subtle sounds — the wind, birdcalls, flowing water and the rhythm of their own breath — then translate these sensory experiences into words. Such practices awaken dulled senses and show how listening can enrich self-expression and deepen mutual understanding. Philosophers support this view. Martin Buber argued that true encounter requires setting aside self-centered thinking to acknowledge the equal bond between people. Similarly, Carl Rogers’ theory of active listening emphasizes stepping into another’s perspective to close emotional gaps, rather than merely waiting for our turn to speak. Yet honest self-reflection makes me admit how often I fail at this. Like many people, I tend to project my own views onto others and rush to form judgments. This self-focused attitude builds invisible walls between people. Only when we learn to listen with patience and openness can we break down these barriers, reconnect with those around us, and gain a clearer understanding of both the world and ourselves. 40. Why does the author’s mother often choose to switch off her hearing aids? 41. According to the passage, what does “real listening” require? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤ Both Martin Buber and Carl Rogers believe that to listen well, we should focus on our own thoughts to connect with others. 43. How can you practice better listening in your daily life? (In about 40 words) 第二节（20分） 二十一世纪英文报正在举办主题为“Growing Through a Disagreement”的征文活动，请你写一篇稿件投稿，内容包括： 1．冲突的过程与结果； 2．你的收获。 注意：词数100左右。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $