精品解析：北京师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二年级下学期期中练习英语试题

2023-2024学年北大附中高二年级练习 英 语 考生须知 1. 本试卷共9页，共三个部分，44道小题。满分100分。考试时间90分钟。 2. 在试卷和答题纸上准确填写书院名称、班级名称、姓名。 3. 答案一律填涂或书写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 4. 在答题纸上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其余题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5. 考试结束，请将答题纸交回。试卷自己留存。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，共30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I was a zombie, going to high school barely even awake. I played video games till midnight nearly every day. Luckily there came a new ____1____ who woke me up. On the first day of my senior year, I sat at my desk in a sleepy state. I yawned, not even ____2____ to cover my mouth. Ray Sea beck leapt to my desk and beat his hands on it. “Do you like Shakespeare?” he screamed at me. My mouth was stuck in mid-yawn, wide open. “Well, do you?” he ____3____ . “Yes!” I lied. Actually I had no idea what Shakespeare was. But I was going to find out. What’s more, this man tried to ____4____ my interest in literature. We read Hamlet, and bit by bit I found that I couldn’t put it down. Why did Hamlet keep hesitating? Why? Suddenly I became ____5____ in Shakespeare, and then Hemingway, and then Fitzgerald, Wordsworth and Blake. I even dreamed of becoming an English teacher like Mr. Seabeck! But could I make it to ____6____ with only several months left? I stayed after school one day to ____7____ Mr. Seabeck about my future. “You’re Hamlet!” he said. “Here are two paths laid open for you — to be or not to be. To ____8____ your dream or to give up.” I left school that day with college in my eyes and ears. Just thinking of that made me feel ____9____ . Mr. Seabeck was right. I eventually got accepted at Plymouth State University. Now as an English teacher, I can still hear Mr. Seabeck screaming, “Do you like Shakespeare?” I might never have ____10____ that I, in fact, love Shakespeare but for the flame he lit in me. 1. A. janitor B. principal C. teacher D. librarian 2. A. affording B. bothering C. hesitating D. refusing 3. A. yelled B. replied C. investigated D. warned 4. A. kill B. affect C. shift D. fan 5. A. absorbed B. weak C. confident D. disappointed 6. A. society B. church C. college D. heaven 7. A. tell B. interview C. advise D. consult 8. A. apply for B. struggle for C. account for D. long for 9. A. thrilled B. depressed C. astonished D. exhausted 10. A. insisted B. known C. wondered D. overlooked 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B 【解析】 【导语】昔日的作者整日萎靡、沉迷游戏，新老师点燃作者对文学的热爱。在他的鼓励下，作者奋力追梦，最终考上大学，如今也成为了一名英语老师。 【1题详解】 考查名词。句意：幸运的是，一位新老师唤醒了我。A. janitor门卫；B. principal校长；C. teacher老师；D. librarian图书管理员。后文出现“Mr. Seabeck”、“English teacher”等线索，说明是老师。 【2题详解】 考查动名词。句意：我打着哈欠，甚至都懒得捂嘴。A. affording负担得起；B. bothering费心；C. hesitating犹豫；D. refusing拒绝。根据后文“to cover my mouth”可知，作者瞌睡打哈欠都懒得捂嘴。bother to do表示“费心做某事”，符合昏昏欲睡、毫无礼貌的状态。 【3题详解】 考查动词。句意：“那你到底喜不喜欢？”他大喊道。A. yelled大喊；B. replied回复；C. investigated调查；D. warned警告。根据前文“screamed at me”（冲我大喊），此处同义复现。 【4题详解】 考查动词。句意：而且，这位老师努力激发我对文学的兴趣。A. kill扼杀；B. affect影响；C. shift转移；D. fan激发。根据后文“We read Hamlet, and bit by bit I found that I couldn’t put it down. Why did Hamlet keep hesitating? Why?”指老师激发了作者对文学的兴趣，fan the interest表示“激发兴趣”。 【5题详解】 考查形容词。句意：不知不觉间，我迷上了莎士比亚，继而爱上海明威，随后又沉醉于菲茨杰拉德、华兹华斯与布莱克的作品。A. absorbed全神贯注的；B. weak虚弱的；C. confident自信的；D. disappointed失望的。根据后文“in Shakespeare, and then Hemingway, and then Fitzgerald, Wordsworth and Blake”指作者迷上了莎士比亚，后来又迷上了海明威、菲茨杰拉德等人。be absorbed in表示“沉迷于”，符合“放不下书、爱上文学”的语境。 【6题详解】 考查名词。句意：但只剩几个月了，我能考上大学吗？A. society社会；B. church教堂；C. college大学；D. heaven天堂。根据后文“got accepted at Plymouth State University”（被大学录取），前后呼应。 【7题详解】 考查动词。句意：有天放学后，我留下来向Seabeck老师咨询我的未来。A. tell告诉；B. interview采访；C. advise建议；D. consult咨询。根据后文“Mr. Seabeck about my future”指作者留下来向Seabeck老师咨询未来，consult sb.表示“向某人请教/咨询”，符合学生找老师聊人生规划。 【8题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：要么为梦想奋斗，要么放弃。A. apply for申请；B. struggle for为……奋斗；C. account for解释；D. long for渴望。与“give up放弃”形成对比，指为梦想拼搏。 【9题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一想到这点，我就激动不已。A. thrilled激动的；B. depressed沮丧的；C. astonished惊讶的；D. exhausted疲惫的。根据上文“I left school that day with college in my eyes and ears.”可知，有了大学目标、人生方向，内心应该是激动兴奋的。 【10题详解】 考查动词。句意：若不是他点燃我心中的火苗，我可能永远不会知道自己其实热爱莎士比亚。A. insisted坚持；B. known知道；C. wondered想知道；D. overlooked忽视。根据后文“love Shakespeare but for the flame he lit in me”可知，老师的引导让我“认清/知道”了自己的热爱。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When I was 16, I formed my first band called “Frog”. At the beginning, we depended ___11___ playing instruments in the street to earn money. Then we wore false beards pretending to be famous musicians. In addition, we added humorous acts to our ___12___ (performance) and played jokes on one another. Soon, our “funny jazz” became famous and we were invited to perform everywhere. Afterwards, we made a record in a studio. Up to now one million copies ___13___ (sell) and we become rich and popular. 【答案】11. on 12. performances 13. have been sold 【解析】 【导语】作者十六岁组建乐队，起初街头卖艺谋生，表演趣味爵士走红。后续录制唱片，唱片销量破百万，乐队也收获名气与财富。 【11题详解】 考查介词。句意：起初，我们靠在街头演奏乐器来赚钱。介词短语depend on表示“依靠”。 【12题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：此外，我们在表演中加入了幽默元素，并相互开起了玩笑。此处数量大于一用复数形式。 【13题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：截至目前，已售出一百万份，我们因此变得富有且声名远扬。此处为谓语动词，主语one million copies与谓语构成被动关系，结合时间状语Up to now可知，此处为现在完成时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数，所以助动词用have。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Your financial IQ is the kind of intelligence ___14___ helps you comprehend how money works so you can manage it well. In other words, having financial intelligence ___15___ (enhance) your competence to handle money responsibly and wisely over the long term. It enables you ___16___ (make) good financial decisions and to take advantage of money-making opportunities that present themselves. You can improve your financial IQ by educating ___17___ (you), getting help from financially intelligent people around you and creating budgets. 【答案】14. that##which 15. enhances 16. to make 17. yourself 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍财商的含义、作用以及提升个人财商的几种可行途径。 【14题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：你的财商是一种能够帮助你理解金钱运作原理的智力，它能让你有效地管理钱财。此处引导定语从句， 从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词intelligence指物，所以此处使用关系代词that或which。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：换句话说，具备财务知识能够提升你长期负责任且明智地管理资金的能力。此处陈述一个事实，用一般现在时，having financial intelligence为动名词短语作主语，表示一个抽象概念，所以谓语用第三人称单数。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它能帮助您做出明智的财务决策，并抓住那些出现的盈利机会。此处为固定搭配enable sb. to do...，表示“使某人能够……”，所以此处使用动词不定式to make作宾补。 【17题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：你可以通过自我学习、向身边富有理财智慧的人请教以及制定预算等方式来提升自己的理财智慧。此处为代词作宾语，且主语和宾语指的是同一人，所以使用反身代词yourself，短语educate oneself表示“自学”。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Nowadays, many people have more than one job, or a slash career. For people encouraging slash careers, secondary jobs ____18____ (become) enjoyable if they can include interests the primary job doesn’t touch. On the other hand, a slash career can be dangerous for work-life balance. ____19____ (work) more than one job can fill up all of your time. One might give up necessary things like relaxation, exercise or time with one’s family. People with slash careers need to think carefully about ____20____ they use their time. 【答案】18. will become 19. Working 20. how 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了斜杠职业的利弊及对工作生活平衡的影响。 【18题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：对于推崇斜杠职业的人来说，倘若副业能涵盖主业接触不到的兴趣爱好，就会变得趣味十足。本句为含有if条件状语从句的主从复合句，提示词become(变得)是主句谓语动词，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用了一般现在时态，主句应使用一般将来时will become。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：从事多份工作会占满你所有的时间。空处作句子的主语，表示“从事多份工作”这一抽象行为，应用动名词形式working。位于句首，首字母大写。 【20题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：拥有斜杠职业的人需要仔细思考他们如何使用自己的时间。空处引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。从句中主谓宾完整，缺少方式状语，表示“如何、怎样”使用时间，应用连接副词how引导。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The book “A Wrinkle in Time” was first published in 1962. Back then, stories about smart, young girls who liked science were hard to find. But author Madeline L’Engle was a visionary, and so was Meg Murry, the book’s main character. HowStuffWorks is a website about science and culture. Writers for the site talked to three women scientists. These women read “A Wrinkle in Time” when they were kids. Here is how Meg inspired them. The Neuropsychologist Dr. Amy Serin is a successful neuropsychologist. Dr. Serin said it was hard to find a good female hero. That is why she loved the book so much. She even wrote to Madeline L’Engle, and L’Engle wrote back. The author told Dr. Serin to follow her dreams of being a scientist. “Her responses really encouraged me,” Dr. Serin said. Now, Dr. Serin started a company called Touchpoint Solution. The company makes a health device that people can wear to lower stress. The Doctor-Turned-Inventor After reading the book, Dr. Amy Baxter paid attention to Meg’s mother, Mrs. Murry, who was a microbiologist. She studied living creatures that are too small to see, like germs. “Mrs. Murry was a role model of how a woman could be both a mom and a scientist”, Dr. Baxter said. The book helped Dr. Baxter go on to become a doctor. She also invented a new device in her garage to block the pain from needles. The Mathematician Dr. Abbe Herzig teaches about education at the University of Albany. “A Wrinkle in Time” was one of the first books she read about time travel. It inspired her to learn more about science and time. Dr. Herzig likes to learn about different types of clocks. She also loves to learn about calendars from the past and looks at the math behind ideas about time. 21. What inspired Dr. Amy Serin to pursue a career in science? A. The adventures taken by Meg Murry. B. Mrs. Murry’s role as a microbiologist in the book. C. L’Engle’s encouragement in response to her letter. D. The challenges faced by female heroes in literature. 22. What influence does the book have on Dr. Baxter? A. Showing her the importance of family. B. Inspiring her to become a doctor and inventor. C. Introducing her to the world of science fiction. D. Encouraging her to pursue a career in microbiology. 23. What does the author intend to tell us? A. No role models, no success. B. Where there’s a will, there’s a way. C. Opportunities are reserved for visionary people. D. Literature can be inspiring in one’s career pursuit. 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了《时间的皱折》一书激励三位女性走上科学道路的故事。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Neuropsychologist部分中“She even wrote to Madeline L’Engle, and L’Engle wrote back. The author told Dr. Serin to follow her dreams of being a scientist. “Her responses really encouraged me,” Dr. Serin said. (她甚至写信给Madeline L’Engle，而L’Engle也回信了。这位作者告诉Serin博士要追随她成为科学家的梦想。“她的回复真的鼓励了我，”Serin博士说。)”可知，是L’Engle的回信鼓励促使Serin博士追求科学事业。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Doctor-Turned-Inventor部分中“The book helped Dr. Baxter go on to become a doctor. She also invented a new device in her garage to block the pain from needles. (这本书帮助Baxter博士成为一名医生。她还在车库里发明了一种新装置来阻止打针带来的疼痛。)”可知，这本书激励她成为医生和发明家。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段中“These women read “A Wrinkle in Time” when they were kids. Here is how Meg inspired them. (这些女性在小时候都读过《时间的皱折》。以下是梅格激励她们的方式。)”可知，文章通过三位女科学家的经历，讲述了《时间的皱折》这本书如何激励她们走上科学道路。由此可知，作者想告诉我们文学作品可以在职业追求中发挥激励作用。 B Donald lay back on the grass of the recently mowed lawn of the Griffith Park Observatory. It was Saturday and a pleasant evening lay before him. First, a visit to the early show at the planetarium (天文馆) where he would see the highly praised Holorama show. Then an evening under the stars at the Greek Theater down the hill to listen to the Star Crushers, the latest sensation in popular music. And, to go with it all, a fascinating and beautiful, but slightly confusing, girl. The Sun had set and Donald’s mind wandered up into the lightly star-sprinkled sky as it had been doing ever since he was a little child and he and his father would go out into the back yard in the evening to look at the stars. Occasionally they would both be rewarded by the quick slash of a meteor or the slow progression of a satellite. Donald knew that since those days, his life had been fixed. He wanted to go to the stars! Unfortunately, mankind’s reach for the stars had faltered as Donald came of age, but his persistence had gained him one of the few jobs left in the field. Although it now looked as if he would never get off the Earth himself, he was out there represented by the spacecraft that he tended. Jacqueline took another sip of wine and watched Donald’s eyes as they peered into the darkening skies. They were as vacant as the deep space they were contemplating. Jacqueline knew Donald well enough to realize where his mind was. “Which one are you looking at?” she asked, knowing that he knew the position in the sky of every one of the six deep-space spacecraft that he was responsible for monitoring. “Not one of mine,” he replied, “but the first one to leave the Solar System — the Pioneer X. It went out between Taurus and Orion. It must be at 10,000 AU (天文单位) by now. I was imagining that I was out there, no longer able to communicate with Earth, pushing on alone, buffeted by micrometeoroids (微流星) and the interstellar wind, getting more and more tired but pressing onward and outward...” Jacqueline’s tinkling laugh brought him back to Earth. He rolled over and glared somewhat shamefully at her. “Don’t be mad,” she said. “You and I must be more alike than we realize, for I too sometimes dream that I am a spacecraft.” 24. This part of the story is mainly set __________ A. on a lawn B. in a theater C. in a restaurant D. on a spacecraft 25. Why did Donald choose to work in this field? A. His father encouraged him to select this job. B. He had been fascinated by space since childhood. C. The job would give him a chance to go to the stars. D. Space exploration was then a rapidly growing industry. 26. How might we describe Donald’s personality? A. Brave and careful. B. Kind and sensitive. C. Outgoing and enthusiastic. D. Imaginative and determined. 27. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A. Jacqueline found Donald’s ideas ridiculous. B. Jacqueline shared a similar interest with Donald. C. Jacqueline was concerned about Donald’s madness. D. Donald felt reluctant to reveal his desire to Jacqueline. 【答案】24. A 25. B 26. D 27. B 【解析】 【导语】文章摘自美国科幻小说《龙蛋》，主要描述了Donald在周六晚上的活动，同时提到了他从小对宇宙的好奇和现实条件的限制如何导致了他现在从事航天器监督员的职业。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Donald lay back on the grass of the recently mowed lawn of the Griffith Park Observatory.(唐纳德躺在格里菲斯公园天文台刚刚修剪过的草坪上)”可知，他与Jacqueline在草坪上进行交谈等活动。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Donald knew that since those days, his life had been fixed. He wanted to go to the stars!(唐纳德深知，从那以后，他的生活就定下了方向。他想要去探索宇宙，去登上星辰！)”以及第三段“Unfortunately, mankind’s reach for the stars had faltered as Donald came of age, but his persistence had gained him one of the few jobs left in the field.(不幸的是，在唐纳德长大成人之后，人类探索太空的进程出现了停滞。但他的坚持不懈最终让他获得了该领域仅存的几份工作之一)”可知，Donald从小到大对宇宙的持续着迷是他选择当前工作的一项重要原因。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“I was imagining that I was out there, no longer able to communicate with Earth, pushing on alone, buffeted by micrometeoroids (微流星) and the interstellar wind, getting more and more tired but pressing onward and outward...(我当时想象着自己身处那片宇宙之中，再也无法与地球取得联系，独自前行，遭受着微流星体和星际风的冲击，变得越来越疲惫，但仍坚持不懈地向远方挺进……)”可知，Donald富于想象力。根据第三段“Unfortunately, mankind’s reach for the stars had faltered as Donald came of age, but his persistence had gained him one of the few jobs left in the field.(不幸的是，在唐纳德长大成人之后，人类探索太空的进程出现了停滞。但他的坚持不懈最终让他获得了该领域仅存的几份工作之一)”可知，Donald坚持不懈，有决心毅力。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“You and I must be more alike than we realize, for I too sometimes dream that I am a spacecraft.(你和我其实比自己所意识到的要更相似，因为我也有时会幻想自己是一艘宇宙飞船)”可知，Donald和Jacqueline拥有着类似的对宇宙和航天的热情，以至于会幻想自己是航天器。 C Scientists have built a bacterium that contains the minimal genetic ingredients needed for free living. This bacterium’s entire set of genetic blueprints, its genome, consists of only 473 genes, including 149 whose precise biological function is unknown. The newly-created bacterium contains a minimalist version of the genome of Mycoplasma mycoides (丝状支原体). In 2010, researchers at the J. Craig Venter Institute in La Jolla, Calif, copied the entire genome of M. mycoides and popped it into a cell of a different species, Mycoplasma capricolum (山羊支原体),creating the first synthetic organism. The new work strips (剥离) the M. mycoides genome down to its essential elements before transplanting it to the M. capricolum shell, producing a minimal bacterium named syn 3.0. Researchers hope syn 3.0’s genome will teach them more about the basics of biology. Such minimal genome bacteria also may be fundamental to build custom-made microbes for producing drugs or chemicals. J. Craig Venter, founder of the nonprofit institute, and a team of researchers there initially set out to design an organism based on a core set of about 300 genes that researchers guessed a microbe would need to survive on its own. But when the researchers tried to bring their computer creations to life, “every one of our designs failed,” Venter said. The failure was due to leaving genes of unknown function out of the mix. About 32 percent of the genetic ingredients, which were ultimately needed to cook up even a simple organism, were left out of the initial recipe because the researchers didn’t know what the genes did and didn’t understand their importance. Once those genes were mixed back, the bacteria sprung to life. “I think we’re showing how complex life is in even the simplest of organisms,” Venter said. “These findings are very humbling” because they show that researchers still don’t fully understand even the minimal requirements for life. The lack of knowledge is frustrating after so many years of molecular biology, but the newly built microbe may be a good platform for discovering what genes of unknown function do. While other researchers have attempted to make minimal genomes by stripping away one gene at a time, the Venter group built their lean microbe from the ground up, synthesizing pieces of DNA that would later be added into a complete genome. Drew Endy, a synthetic biologist at Stanford University, is among several scientists applauding the made-from-scratch approach. “Only when you try to build something do you find out what’s truly required. Too often in biology we end up with only data or a just-so story. When you actually try to build something, you can’t hide from your ignorance.” 28. According to the passage, syn 3.0 __________. A. is seen as the basics of biology B. is produced from the M. mycoides C. is used to produce drugs and chemicals D. is the result of the first synthetic organism 29. According to Venter, all designs of the researchers failed because __________. A. they excluded many genes essential to the organism B. they overestimated the function of each gene involved C. there was something wrong with the computer program D. there were changes in the DNA code during the experiment 30. Why does Drew Endy support Venter’s approach? A. It offers insights into the true requirements for life. B. It provides a platform to discover new sets of genes. C. It highlights the limitations of gene-stripping approach. D. It enables researchers to overcome their own ignorance. 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. A 【解析】 【导语】主要说明了科学家造出仅含 473 个基因的极简人工细菌 syn3.0，研发历经多次失败，诸多基因功能仍未知，该成果有助探索生命基础，也为定制微生物研究提供新平台。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The new work strips (剥离) the M. mycoides genome down to its essential elements before transplanting it to the M. capricolum shell, producing a minimal bacterium named syn 3.0.(这项新研究先将毛状霉菌的基因组精简至其核心要素，然后将其移植到M. capricolum的外壳上，从而培育出一种名为“syn 3.0”的极简型细菌)”可知，syn 3.0是由M. mycoides产生的。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“But when the researchers tried to bring their computer creations to life, “every one of our designs failed,” Venter said. The failure was due to leaving genes of unknown function out of the mix.(但当研究人员试图将他们的计算机设计成果变为现实时，“我们所有的设计都失败了”，文特尔说道。失败的原因在于他们没有将那些功能未知的基因纳入设计之中)”可知，文特尔表示，研究人员的所有设计都失败了，因为他们忽略了许多对该生物体至关重要的基因。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Only when you try to build something do you find out what’s truly required. Too often in biology we end up with only data or a just-so story. When you actually try to build something, you can’t hide from your ignorance.(只有当你着手去构建某样东西时，你才会明白真正需要的是什么。在生物学领域，我们常常只能得到一些数据或者一个自圆其说的故事。而当你真正着手去构建某样东西时，你就无法再逃避自己的无知了)”可知，德鲁·恩迪支持文特尔的这一方法是因为它揭示了生命所必需的真正要素。 D In 1776 Thomas Paine, an Englishman living in the American colonies, published a 47-page pamphlet called “Common Sense”. It argued that the colonies should seek independence from British rule and soon became a best-seller. Later that year they did exactly that. Appeals to common sense are widely used in politics, especially when a rebel wishes to distinguish himself from a supposedly out-of-touch elite. But in a paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Mark Whiting and Duncan Watts, a pair of computational social scientists at the University of Pennsylvania, note that the idea has seldom been carefully studied. The two researchers set out to fix that. They started by noting that the standard concept of common sense has a somewhat circular definition: common sense is a set of claims that sensible people agree with, and sensible people are those who possess common sense. To get around such philosophical confusion, the researchers turned to Mechanical Turk, a website run by Amazon, a big tech firm, that allows people to post odd jobs. They recruited 2,046 human participants and asked them to rate 50 statements from a corpus of 4,407 claims that might plausibly be seen as commonsensical. As common sense might have predicted, the researchers found that plainly worded claims concerning facts about the real world were the most likely to be rated as demonstrating common sense (“triangles have three sides”, for example, which is true by definition, or “avoid close contact with people who are ill”). The more abstract the claims, the less likely participants were to agree that they were common sense (“all human beings are created equal”; “perception is the only source of knowledge”). When they split the claims by subject, the researchers found that those concerning technology and science were the most likely to be rated as commonsensical, while matters of history and philosophy were the least likely. Moreover, a respondent’s age, sex, income and personal politics had little effect on what they thought counted as common sense, although psychological measures of social perceptiveness and the ability to reflect on one’s opinions did. Having investigated individual opinions, the researchers looked at how common sense works across big groups. Here, they found much less agreement than might have been expected. Only around 44% of claims in the corpus were rated as commonsensical by at least 75% of respondents. A stricter definition of common sense, in which everyone has to agree with a claim for it to count, cut that number to just 6.6%. Where exactly a sensible cut-off lies is a matter for debate. But truly “common” sense, it seems, is an elusive thing. 31. The author writes the first two paragraphs mainly to _________. A. introduce the history of common sense B. highlight the importance of common sense C. show the application of common sense in politics D. point out a need to examine common sense in detail 32. What can we learn from Whiting and Watts’ study? A. Abstract claims were more likely to be rated as common sense. B. Personal politics significantly influenced what counted as common sense. C. Claims related to science had a better chance to be seen as common sense. D. A majority of claims were agreed upon by all participants as common sense. 33. What does the underlined word “elusive” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A. Invisible. B. Impressive. C. Improbable. D. Indefinable. 34. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Common Sense Leads to Confusion B. Common Sense Affects Individual Opinions C. Common Sense Is Not Actually Very Common D. Common Sense Works Differently Across Groups 【答案】31. D 32. C 33. D 34. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了诉诸常识是政治的主旋律，但是宾夕法尼亚大学的两位计算社会科学家指出真正的“常”识是个说不清道不明的事情。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“In 1776 Thomas Paine, an Englishman living in the American colonies, published a 47-page pamphlet called “Common Sense”. It argued that the colonies should seek independence from British rule and soon became a best-seller. Later that year they did exactly that.(1776年，居住在美国殖民地的英国人托马斯·潘恩出版了一本47页的小册子，名为《常识》。该书主张殖民地应摆脱英国的统治而寻求独立，并且很快便成为了畅销书。同年晚些时候，殖民地真的做到了这一点)”以及第二段“Appeals to common sense are widely used in politics, especially when a rebel wishes to distinguish himself from a supposedly out-of-touch elite. But in a paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Mark Whiting and Duncan Watts, a pair of computational social scientists at the University of Pennsylvania, note that the idea has seldom been carefully studied.(在政治领域，诉诸常识的策略被广泛应用，尤其是在那些想要与被认为脱离民众实际生活的精英阶层区分开来的反对派人士身上。然而，在《美国国家科学院院刊》上发表的一篇论文中，宾夕法尼亚大学的两位计算社会科学家马克·怀廷和邓肯·瓦茨指出，这一理念却很少受到过仔细的研究)”可知，前两段主要是为了说明有必要对常识做进一步的深入研究。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“When they split the claims by subject, the researchers found that those concerning technology and science were the most likely to be rated as commonsensical, while matters of history and philosophy were the least likely.(当研究人员按主题对这些观点进行分类后，他们发现与科技和科学相关的观点最有可能被评价为具有常识性，而历史和哲学方面的观点则最不可能被这样评价)”可知，科学相关的论述容易被看作常识。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Here, they found much less agreement than might have been expected. Only around 44% of claims in the corpus were rated as commonsensical by at least 75% of respondents. A stricter definition of common sense, in which everyone has to agree with a claim for it to count, cut that number to just 6.6%. Where exactly a sensible cut-off lies is a matter for debate. (在这里，他们发现达成的共识程度远低于预期。在该语料库中，只有约44%的陈述得到了至少75%参与者的认可，认为其符合常识。如果对常识的定义更加严格，即每个参与者都必须认同某个陈述才能算作是常识，那么这一比例则会降至仅6.6%。究竟什么样的标准才算合理，这确实是个值得探讨的问题)”可知，大众很难对什么是常识达成广泛共识，真正的“常”识是个说不清道不明的事情。故划线词意思是“难下定义的”。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Having investigated individual opinions, the researchers looked at how common sense works across big groups. Here, they found much less agreement than might have been expected. Only around 44% of claims in the corpus were rated as commonsensical by at least 75% of respondents. A stricter definition of common sense, in which everyone has to agree with a claim for it to count, cut that number to just 6.6%. Where exactly a sensible cut-off lies is a matter for debate. But truly “common” sense, it seems, is an elusive thing.( 在对个人观点进行研究之后，研究人员进一步考察了常识在大规模群体中的表现情况。在此过程中，他们发现人们的共识程度远低于预期。在该研究样本中，只有约44%的观点被至少75%的受访者认为是符合常识的。如果对常识的定义更为严格，即每个观点都必须得到全体成员的认同才能算作是常识，那么这一数字则会降至仅6.6%。究竟合理的界限究竟在哪里，仍存在争议。但似乎真正的“普遍”常识是一种难以捉摸的东西)”结合文章主要说明了诉诸常识是政治的主旋律，但是宾夕法尼亚大学的两位计算社会科学家指出真正的“常”识是个说不清道不明的事情。故C选项“朴素的常识其实并不那么常见”最符合文章标题。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。 In a social situation, eye contact can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also mean differently such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate with a challenging look. Here’s what hard science reveals about eye contact. We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. ____35____ It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room. “Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence. ____36____ Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin (催产素) increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms (自闭症谱系症状), who may tend to avoid eye contact. Eye contact can also be aggressive. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. Eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations. ____37____ “Whether you’ re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you’ re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,” said Minson. Eye fixations are brief. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur about three times per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of shots. ____38____ And it is the subject of current research. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism (神经过敏症), eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. ____39____ People who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them. A. Their brain reactions also differ from other people. B. Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated. C. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery. D. For adults, looking at people pleasantly can be a friendly sign of attention. E. Specific brain regions that respond are being explored using advanced methods. F. Our findings indicate people do feel different when they are the centre of attention. G. It’s more likely to be related to dominance of threat in conflicting situations, though. 【答案】35. D 36. B 37. G 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了关于眼神接触的一些研究发现。 【35题详解】 根据上文“We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child.(我们知道，大多数婴儿会本能地凝视母亲的眼睛，而母亲也会回以同样的目光。这种相互凝视是母子之间亲密关系的重要组成部分)”以及后文“It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room. “Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence.(它能在拥挤的房间里吸引他人的注意。“眼神交流和微笑”能够传达出开放和自信的态度)”可知，前文讲母婴之间的对视依恋，后文讲对视在社交中吸引注意力、传递自信的作用，空格处从婴儿过渡到成年人的情况，D选项“对成年人来说，愉快地注视他人是传达注意力的友好信号”符合逻辑。 【36题详解】 根据后文“Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin (催产素) increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms (自闭症谱系症状), who may tend to avoid eye contact.(神经科学家邦妮·奥根发现，在一次简短的访谈中，当记录参与者的眼神方向时，催产素这种激素会促使男性与访谈者进行更多的目光接触。这一现象同样在一些具有自闭症谱系症状但能力较强的男性身上被观察到，这类男性通常会避免目光接触)”可知，后文提到神经科学家研究催产素（生理荷尔蒙）对视的影响，属于对视背后的生理因素研究，B选项“对视背后的生理因素正在被研究”刚好引出下文内容。 【37题详解】 根据上文“Eye contact can also be aggressive. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. Eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations.(眼神交流也可能具有攻击性。通过运用眼动追踪技术，哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院的朱莉娅·明森得出结论：在不同的情境下，眼神交流所传达的信息会截然不同。在友好的场合，眼神交流可能表示着联系或信任)”以及后文““Whether you’ re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you’ re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,” said Minson.(米森说：“无论你是政客还是家长，或许都应该记住这样一个道理：如果试图与持有与自己不同信念的人进行交流，而却一直试图保持眼神接触，那么这种做法可能会适得其反。”)”可知，前文说友好场景中对视代表联系和信任，转折讲不同场景下对视的含义不同，前文提到辩论中的对视具有挑战性，G选项“不过在冲突场景中，对视更可能和支配地位或威胁相关”承接上文，也呼应后文“说服观点不同的人时，对视会适得其反”的结论。 【38题详解】 根据上文“Eye fixations are brief. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur about three times per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of shots.(眼睛的注视时间很短暂。当我们注视一张脸或一幅图片时，我们的目光会一次停留在一个特定的位置上，通常是在眼睛或嘴巴处。这些停顿通常每秒发生约三次，然后眼睛会跳到另一个位置，如此反复，直到图像中的几个重要点被捕捉到，就像一系列镜头一样)”以及后文“And it is the subject of current research.(而这正是当前研究的课题)”可知，前文说眼睛会逐次捕捉图像的多个关键点，形成一系列“快照”，C选项“那整张图像如何被整合、感知至今仍是谜团”承接上文，也对应后文“这是当前的研究课题”的表述。 【39题详解】 根据上文“In people who score high in a test of neuroticism (神经过敏症), eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues.(芬兰研究人员贾里·海廷纳及其团队的研究表明，在神经质测试中得分较高的人（即那些容易产生焦虑等负面情绪的人），与回避行为相关的活动在与他人进行眼神接触时会更加活跃)”以及后文“People who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.(那些在负面情绪（如焦虑）方面得分较高的人，与他人目光接触的时间会更短，并且当他人不直接看向他们时，他们会感觉更加舒适)”可知，前文说神经质特质的人，对视会触发更多和回避相关的大脑活动，后文举例说这类人更不喜欢长时间对视，A选项“他们的大脑反应本身就和其他人不同”承上启下，符合逻辑。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 In an era dominated by constant distractions and multitasking, genuine listening has become increasingly rare. Our attention is fragmented, pulled in a thousand different directions by the non-stop demands of work, relationships, and the global events. Amidst the noise and chaos, however, there remains hope. In quiet moments of reflection, and by being more mindful, we can reclaim (重新获得) the lost art of genuine listening. At the heart of active listening lies validation — a process that extends far beyond simply agreeing. Validation is about empathetically acknowledging someone’s emotions and experiences. By making the effort to understand what others are trying to communicate, we lay the groundwork for deeper connections and richer relationships. Paraphrasing is a cornerstone of active listening — an insightful act of reflecting back what someone has said in your own words. But it’s more than just repeating; it’s about capturing the essence of their message, including tone, emotions, and nonverbal cues. Paraphrasing acts as a bridge between hearing words and understanding intentions. It takes a certain level of focus and energy to create this space for others. Boundaries serve as guides in conversations, ensuring that dialogue remains respectful and productive. Setting boundaries involves recognizing when to step back, especially in emotionally charged discussions. Many of us feel pressure to always be available, even when we’re not in the right headspace or are at capacity. We push ourselves to proceed with conversations out of a desire to please or fear of disappointing others. However, this behavior not only disrespects our own well-being but also undermines the quality of the conversation. Being mindful of when we are at capacity and recognizing when we need to reschedule conversations for a time when we can show up fully present and attentive is respectful not only to yourself but also to others. 40. What factors contribute to the decline of genuine listening? ___________________________________________________________________ 41. Why is it harmful to engage in conversations when at capacity? ___________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Genuine listening can be reclaimed through acknowledging one’s emotions and experiences, repeating what someone has said and recognizing when to step back. ___________________________________________________________________ 43. What benefit(s) does genuine listening bring to people? ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Factors include constant distractions and multitasking./ Factors include non-stop demands of work, relationships, and the global events./ Factors include constant distractions, multitasking and non-stop demands of work, relationships, and the global events. 41. Because it disrespects one’s own well-being and undermines the quality of the conversation. 42. Genuine listening can be reclaimed through acknowledging one’s emotions and experiences, repeating what someone has said and recognizing when to step back. According to the passage, paraphrasing/ reflecting back what someone has said helps with genuine listening. or According to the passage, capturing the essence of one’s message helps with genuine listening. 43. Genuine listening is essential for resolving conflicts and builds stronger connections between individuals. When people feel heard and understood, they are more likely to feel valued and respected in the relationship. This fosters trust, empathy, and mutual respect, ultimately strengthening the bond between the parties involved. 【解析】 【导语】文章论述有效倾听的方法、价值及沟通中设立边界的重要性。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“In an era dominated by constant distractions and multitasking, genuine listening has become increasingly rare. Our attention is fragmented, pulled in a thousand different directions by the non-stop demands of work, relationships, and the global events. (在一个充斥着持续干扰和多任务处理的时代，真正的倾听已变得愈发罕见。我们的注意力被碎片化，被工作、人际关系以及全球性事件的无休止需求拉扯向一千个不同的方向。)”可知，导致真正倾听减少的因素包括持续的干扰、多任务处理以及工作、人际关系和全球事件的不停需求。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“Many of us feel pressure to always be available, even when we’re not in the right headspace or are at capacity. We push ourselves to proceed with conversations out of a desire to please or fear of disappointing others. However, this behavior not only disrespects our own well-being but also undermines the quality of the conversation. (我们许多人都感到压力，要随时保持可联系状态，即使我们并不处于合适的心理状态或精力已达极限。出于取悦他人的愿望或害怕让别人失望，我们强迫自己继续交谈。然而，这种行为不仅不尊重我们自身的健康，也会破坏对话的质量。)”可知，当自己精力已达极限时仍强行进行对话，这种行为既不尊重自己的身心健康，也会破坏对话的质量。 【42题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第三段中“Paraphrasing is a cornerstone of active listening — an insightful act of reflecting back what someone has said in your own words. But it’s more than just repeating; it’s about capturing the essence of their message, including tone, emotions, and nonverbal cues. Paraphrasing acts as a bridge between hearing words and understanding intentions. (改述是主动倾听的基石——这是一种用你自己的话复述对方所说内容的深刻行为。但它不仅仅是重复；它在于捕捉对方信息的本质，包括语气、情感和非语言暗示。改述充当着从听到话语到理解意图之间的桥梁。)”可知，真正的倾听需要的是“改述/用自己的话复述”对方的话并捕捉其信息的本质，而不仅仅是简单地“重复”。因此，题干中“repeating”表述错误，应改为“paraphrasing/reflecting back”或将“repeating what someone has said”改为“capturing the essence of one’s message”。 【43题详解】 开放性题目。题目要求回答真正倾听给人们带来的好处。作答采取总-分结构，可以选择介绍两种好处，各简要解释；或只介绍一种好处，详细阐释。例如：真正的倾听对于解决冲突至关重要，并且能够在个体之间建立更紧密的联系。当人们感到被倾听和理解时，他们更有可能在关系中感受到被重视和尊重。这能够培养信任、同理心和相互尊重，最终加强相关各方之间的纽带。 第二节(20分) 44. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信表示对中国文学很感兴趣，希望你给他推荐一部相关作品。请你用英文回信，内容如下： 1.作品简介； 2.推荐理由。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Peter, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Peter, Knowing that you are interested in Chinese literature, I’m more than delighted to recommend The Space-Time Painter. The novelette is an award-winning sci-fi of Hai Ya, a Chinese winner of the Hugo Award, following Liu Cixin and Hao Jingfang. It describes the life experience of a painter during the Song Dynasty, who created our famous landscape masterpiece Qianli Jiangshan Tu. Hai Ya has woven the main character’s life into a thriller that combines the elements of traditional Chinese culture and history with sci-fi and detective genres. About my recommendation reasons, first, the writer is so skilled at building suspense that most readers seldom put the book down until the end. Besides, the writer is inspiring. I never ever thought a 24-year-old financial worker could step into the literature world, receiving the most prestigious awards of science fictions. I really hope the above is helpful. Look forward to hearing more. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给Peter推荐一部中国文学作品并说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴：delighted → glad 感兴趣：be interested in → take interest in 鼓舞人心的：inspiring → heartening 几乎不：seldom → barely 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：Knowing that you are interested in Chinese literature, I’m more than delighted to recommend The Space-Time Painter. 拓展句：Since you are interested in Chinese literature, I’m more than delighted to recommend The Space-Time Painter. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you are interested in Chinese literature, I’m more than delighted to recommend The Space-Time Painter.（运用了that引导宾语从句） 【高分句型2】About my recommendation reasons, first, the writer is so skilled at building suspense that most readers seldom put the book down until the end.（运用了结果状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2023-2024学年北大附中高二年级练习 英 语 考生须知 1. 本试卷共9页，共三个部分，44道小题。满分100分。考试时间90分钟。 2. 在试卷和答题纸上准确填写书院名称、班级名称、姓名。 3. 答案一律填涂或书写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 4. 在答题纸上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其余题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5. 考试结束，请将答题纸交回。试卷自己留存。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，共30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I was a zombie, going to high school barely even awake. I played video games till midnight nearly every day. Luckily there came a new ____1____ who woke me up. On the first day of my senior year, I sat at my desk in a sleepy state. I yawned, not even ____2____ to cover my mouth. Ray Sea beck leapt to my desk and beat his hands on it. “Do you like Shakespeare?” he screamed at me. My mouth was stuck in mid-yawn, wide open. “Well, do you?” he ____3____ . “Yes!” I lied. Actually I had no idea what Shakespeare was. But I was going to find out. What’s more, this man tried to ____4____ my interest in literature. We read Hamlet, and bit by bit I found that I couldn’t put it down. Why did Hamlet keep hesitating? Why? Suddenly I became ____5____ in Shakespeare, and then Hemingway, and then Fitzgerald, Wordsworth and Blake. I even dreamed of becoming an English teacher like Mr. Seabeck! But could I make it to ____6____ with only several months left? I stayed after school one day to ____7____ Mr. Seabeck about my future. “You’re Hamlet!” he said. “Here are two paths laid open for you — to be or not to be. To ____8____ your dream or to give up.” I left school that day with college in my eyes and ears. Just thinking of that made me feel ____9____ . Mr. Seabeck was right. I eventually got accepted at Plymouth State University. Now as an English teacher, I can still hear Mr. Seabeck screaming, “Do you like Shakespeare?” I might never have ____10____ that I, in fact, love Shakespeare but for the flame he lit in me. 1. A. janitor B. principal C. teacher D. librarian 2. A. affording B. bothering C. hesitating D. refusing 3. A. yelled B. replied C. investigated D. warned 4. A. kill B. affect C. shift D. fan 5. A. absorbed B. weak C. confident D. disappointed 6. A. society B. church C. college D. heaven 7. A. tell B. interview C. advise D. consult 8. A. apply for B. struggle for C. account for D. long for 9. A. thrilled B. depressed C. astonished D. exhausted 10. A. insisted B. known C. wondered D. overlooked 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When I was 16, I formed my first band called “Frog”. At the beginning, we depended ___11___ playing instruments in the street to earn money. Then we wore false beards pretending to be famous musicians. In addition, we added humorous acts to our ___12___ (performance) and played jokes on one another. Soon, our “funny jazz” became famous and we were invited to perform everywhere. Afterwards, we made a record in a studio. Up to now one million copies ___13___ (sell) and we become rich and popular. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Your financial IQ is the kind of intelligence ___14___ helps you comprehend how money works so you can manage it well. In other words, having financial intelligence ___15___ (enhance) your competence to handle money responsibly and wisely over the long term. It enables you ___16___ (make) good financial decisions and to take advantage of money-making opportunities that present themselves. You can improve your financial IQ by educating ___17___ (you), getting help from financially intelligent people around you and creating budgets. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Nowadays, many people have more than one job, or a slash career. For people encouraging slash careers, secondary jobs ____18____ (become) enjoyable if they can include interests the primary job doesn’t touch. On the other hand, a slash career can be dangerous for work-life balance. ____19____ (work) more than one job can fill up all of your time. One might give up necessary things like relaxation, exercise or time with one’s family. People with slash careers need to think carefully about ____20____ they use their time. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The book “A Wrinkle in Time” was first published in 1962. Back then, stories about smart, young girls who liked science were hard to find. But author Madeline L’Engle was a visionary, and so was Meg Murry, the book’s main character. HowStuffWorks is a website about science and culture. Writers for the site talked to three women scientists. These women read “A Wrinkle in Time” when they were kids. Here is how Meg inspired them. The Neuropsychologist Dr. Amy Serin is a successful neuropsychologist. Dr. Serin said it was hard to find a good female hero. That is why she loved the book so much. She even wrote to Madeline L’Engle, and L’Engle wrote back. The author told Dr. Serin to follow her dreams of being a scientist. “Her responses really encouraged me,” Dr. Serin said. Now, Dr. Serin started a company called Touchpoint Solution. The company makes a health device that people can wear to lower stress. The Doctor-Turned-Inventor After reading the book, Dr. Amy Baxter paid attention to Meg’s mother, Mrs. Murry, who was a microbiologist. She studied living creatures that are too small to see, like germs. “Mrs. Murry was a role model of how a woman could be both a mom and a scientist”, Dr. Baxter said. The book helped Dr. Baxter go on to become a doctor. She also invented a new device in her garage to block the pain from needles. The Mathematician Dr. Abbe Herzig teaches about education at the University of Albany. “A Wrinkle in Time” was one of the first books she read about time travel. It inspired her to learn more about science and time. Dr. Herzig likes to learn about different types of clocks. She also loves to learn about calendars from the past and looks at the math behind ideas about time. 21. What inspired Dr. Amy Serin to pursue a career in science? A. The adventures taken by Meg Murry. B. Mrs. Murry’s role as a microbiologist in the book. C. L’Engle’s encouragement in response to her letter. D. The challenges faced by female heroes in literature. 22. What influence does the book have on Dr. Baxter? A. Showing her the importance of family. B. Inspiring her to become a doctor and inventor. C. Introducing her to the world of science fiction. D. Encouraging her to pursue a career in microbiology. 23. What does the author intend to tell us? A. No role models, no success. B. Where there’s a will, there’s a way. C. Opportunities are reserved for visionary people. D. Literature can be inspiring in one’s career pursuit. B Donald lay back on the grass of the recently mowed lawn of the Griffith Park Observatory. It was Saturday and a pleasant evening lay before him. First, a visit to the early show at the planetarium (天文馆) where he would see the highly praised Holorama show. Then an evening under the stars at the Greek Theater down the hill to listen to the Star Crushers, the latest sensation in popular music. And, to go with it all, a fascinating and beautiful, but slightly confusing, girl. The Sun had set and Donald’s mind wandered up into the lightly star-sprinkled sky as it had been doing ever since he was a little child and he and his father would go out into the back yard in the evening to look at the stars. Occasionally they would both be rewarded by the quick slash of a meteor or the slow progression of a satellite. Donald knew that since those days, his life had been fixed. He wanted to go to the stars! Unfortunately, mankind’s reach for the stars had faltered as Donald came of age, but his persistence had gained him one of the few jobs left in the field. Although it now looked as if he would never get off the Earth himself, he was out there represented by the spacecraft that he tended. Jacqueline took another sip of wine and watched Donald’s eyes as they peered into the darkening skies. They were as vacant as the deep space they were contemplating. Jacqueline knew Donald well enough to realize where his mind was. “Which one are you looking at?” she asked, knowing that he knew the position in the sky of every one of the six deep-space spacecraft that he was responsible for monitoring. “Not one of mine,” he replied, “but the first one to leave the Solar System — the Pioneer X. It went out between Taurus and Orion. It must be at 10,000 AU (天文单位) by now. I was imagining that I was out there, no longer able to communicate with Earth, pushing on alone, buffeted by micrometeoroids (微流星) and the interstellar wind, getting more and more tired but pressing onward and outward...” Jacqueline’s tinkling laugh brought him back to Earth. He rolled over and glared somewhat shamefully at her. “Don’t be mad,” she said. “You and I must be more alike than we realize, for I too sometimes dream that I am a spacecraft.” 24. This part of the story is mainly set __________ A. on a lawn B. in a theater C. in a restaurant D. on a spacecraft 25. Why did Donald choose to work in this field? A. His father encouraged him to select this job. B. He had been fascinated by space since childhood. C. The job would give him a chance to go to the stars. D. Space exploration was then a rapidly growing industry. 26. How might we describe Donald’s personality? A. Brave and careful. B. Kind and sensitive. C. Outgoing and enthusiastic. D. Imaginative and determined. 27. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A. Jacqueline found Donald’s ideas ridiculous. B. Jacqueline shared a similar interest with Donald. C. Jacqueline was concerned about Donald’s madness. D. Donald felt reluctant to reveal his desire to Jacqueline. C Scientists have built a bacterium that contains the minimal genetic ingredients needed for free living. This bacterium’s entire set of genetic blueprints, its genome, consists of only 473 genes, including 149 whose precise biological function is unknown. The newly-created bacterium contains a minimalist version of the genome of Mycoplasma mycoides (丝状支原体). In 2010, researchers at the J. Craig Venter Institute in La Jolla, Calif, copied the entire genome of M. mycoides and popped it into a cell of a different species, Mycoplasma capricolum (山羊支原体),creating the first synthetic organism. The new work strips (剥离) the M. mycoides genome down to its essential elements before transplanting it to the M. capricolum shell, producing a minimal bacterium named syn 3.0. Researchers hope syn 3.0’s genome will teach them more about the basics of biology. Such minimal genome bacteria also may be fundamental to build custom-made microbes for producing drugs or chemicals. J. Craig Venter, founder of the nonprofit institute, and a team of researchers there initially set out to design an organism based on a core set of about 300 genes that researchers guessed a microbe would need to survive on its own. But when the researchers tried to bring their computer creations to life, “every one of our designs failed,” Venter said. The failure was due to leaving genes of unknown function out of the mix. About 32 percent of the genetic ingredients, which were ultimately needed to cook up even a simple organism, were left out of the initial recipe because the researchers didn’t know what the genes did and didn’t understand their importance. Once those genes were mixed back, the bacteria sprung to life. “I think we’re showing how complex life is in even the simplest of organisms,” Venter said. “These findings are very humbling” because they show that researchers still don’t fully understand even the minimal requirements for life. The lack of knowledge is frustrating after so many years of molecular biology, but the newly built microbe may be a good platform for discovering what genes of unknown function do. While other researchers have attempted to make minimal genomes by stripping away one gene at a time, the Venter group built their lean microbe from the ground up, synthesizing pieces of DNA that would later be added into a complete genome. Drew Endy, a synthetic biologist at Stanford University, is among several scientists applauding the made-from-scratch approach. “Only when you try to build something do you find out what’s truly required. Too often in biology we end up with only data or a just-so story. When you actually try to build something, you can’t hide from your ignorance.” 28. According to the passage, syn 3.0 __________. A. is seen as the basics of biology B. is produced from the M. mycoides C. is used to produce drugs and chemicals D. is the result of the first synthetic organism 29. According to Venter, all designs of the researchers failed because __________. A. they excluded many genes essential to the organism B. they overestimated the function of each gene involved C. there was something wrong with the computer program D. there were changes in the DNA code during the experiment 30. Why does Drew Endy support Venter’s approach? A. It offers insights into the true requirements for life. B. It provides a platform to discover new sets of genes. C. It highlights the limitations of gene-stripping approach. D. It enables researchers to overcome their own ignorance. D In 1776 Thomas Paine, an Englishman living in the American colonies, published a 47-page pamphlet called “Common Sense”. It argued that the colonies should seek independence from British rule and soon became a best-seller. Later that year they did exactly that. Appeals to common sense are widely used in politics, especially when a rebel wishes to distinguish himself from a supposedly out-of-touch elite. But in a paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Mark Whiting and Duncan Watts, a pair of computational social scientists at the University of Pennsylvania, note that the idea has seldom been carefully studied. The two researchers set out to fix that. They started by noting that the standard concept of common sense has a somewhat circular definition: common sense is a set of claims that sensible people agree with, and sensible people are those who possess common sense. To get around such philosophical confusion, the researchers turned to Mechanical Turk, a website run by Amazon, a big tech firm, that allows people to post odd jobs. They recruited 2,046 human participants and asked them to rate 50 statements from a corpus of 4,407 claims that might plausibly be seen as commonsensical. As common sense might have predicted, the researchers found that plainly worded claims concerning facts about the real world were the most likely to be rated as demonstrating common sense (“triangles have three sides”, for example, which is true by definition, or “avoid close contact with people who are ill”). The more abstract the claims, the less likely participants were to agree that they were common sense (“all human beings are created equal”; “perception is the only source of knowledge”). When they split the claims by subject, the researchers found that those concerning technology and science were the most likely to be rated as commonsensical, while matters of history and philosophy were the least likely. Moreover, a respondent’s age, sex, income and personal politics had little effect on what they thought counted as common sense, although psychological measures of social perceptiveness and the ability to reflect on one’s opinions did. Having investigated individual opinions, the researchers looked at how common sense works across big groups. Here, they found much less agreement than might have been expected. Only around 44% of claims in the corpus were rated as commonsensical by at least 75% of respondents. A stricter definition of common sense, in which everyone has to agree with a claim for it to count, cut that number to just 6.6%. Where exactly a sensible cut-off lies is a matter for debate. But truly “common” sense, it seems, is an elusive thing. 31. The author writes the first two paragraphs mainly to _________. A. introduce the history of common sense B. highlight the importance of common sense C. show the application of common sense in politics D. point out a need to examine common sense in detail 32. What can we learn from Whiting and Watts’ study? A. Abstract claims were more likely to be rated as common sense. B. Personal politics significantly influenced what counted as common sense. C. Claims related to science had a better chance to be seen as common sense. D. A majority of claims were agreed upon by all participants as common sense. 33. What does the underlined word “elusive” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A. Invisible. B. Impressive. C. Improbable. D. Indefinable. 34. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Common Sense Leads to Confusion B. Common Sense Affects Individual Opinions C. Common Sense Is Not Actually Very Common D. Common Sense Works Differently Across Groups 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。 In a social situation, eye contact can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also mean differently such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate with a challenging look. Here’s what hard science reveals about eye contact. We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. ____35____ It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room. “Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence. ____36____ Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin (催产素) increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms (自闭症谱系症状), who may tend to avoid eye contact. Eye contact can also be aggressive. With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. Eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations. ____37____ “Whether you’ re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you’ re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,” said Minson. Eye fixations are brief. When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur about three times per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of shots. ____38____ And it is the subject of current research. In people who score high in a test of neuroticism (神经过敏症), eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. ____39____ People who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them. A. Their brain reactions also differ from other people. B. Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated. C. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery. D. For adults, looking at people pleasantly can be a friendly sign of attention. E. Specific brain regions that respond are being explored using advanced methods. F. Our findings indicate people do feel different when they are the centre of attention. G. It’s more likely to be related to dominance of threat in conflicting situations, though. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 In an era dominated by constant distractions and multitasking, genuine listening has become increasingly rare. Our attention is fragmented, pulled in a thousand different directions by the non-stop demands of work, relationships, and the global events. Amidst the noise and chaos, however, there remains hope. In quiet moments of reflection, and by being more mindful, we can reclaim (重新获得) the lost art of genuine listening. At the heart of active listening lies validation — a process that extends far beyond simply agreeing. Validation is about empathetically acknowledging someone’s emotions and experiences. By making the effort to understand what others are trying to communicate, we lay the groundwork for deeper connections and richer relationships. Paraphrasing is a cornerstone of active listening — an insightful act of reflecting back what someone has said in your own words. But it’s more than just repeating; it’s about capturing the essence of their message, including tone, emotions, and nonverbal cues. Paraphrasing acts as a bridge between hearing words and understanding intentions. It takes a certain level of focus and energy to create this space for others. Boundaries serve as guides in conversations, ensuring that dialogue remains respectful and productive. Setting boundaries involves recognizing when to step back, especially in emotionally charged discussions. Many of us feel pressure to always be available, even when we’re not in the right headspace or are at capacity. We push ourselves to proceed with conversations out of a desire to please or fear of disappointing others. However, this behavior not only disrespects our own well-being but also undermines the quality of the conversation. Being mindful of when we are at capacity and recognizing when we need to reschedule conversations for a time when we can show up fully present and attentive is respectful not only to yourself but also to others. 40. What factors contribute to the decline of genuine listening? ___________________________________________________________________ 41. Why is it harmful to engage in conversations when at capacity? ___________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Genuine listening can be reclaimed through acknowledging one’s emotions and experiences, repeating what someone has said and recognizing when to step back. ___________________________________________________________________ 43. What benefit(s) does genuine listening bring to people? ___________________________________________________________________ 第二节(20分) 44. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信表示对中国文学很感兴趣，希望你给他推荐一部相关作品。请你用英文回信，内容如下： 1.作品简介； 2.推荐理由。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Peter, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $