Unit 1 Section A 2a-2f（知识清单）英语新教材人教版八年级上册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了Unit 1 Happy Holiday Section A的核心词汇与语法知识。从必背词汇（如fantastic, town, breath, especially）出发，逐步深入sound的词义及辨析、a few/few与little/a little的用法区别、宾语从句结构、breath的固定搭配及拓展、taste和especially的用法，以及不定式作目的状语等语法点，构建从基础到应用的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇-语法-拓展”逻辑清晰呈现，每个考点配对比表格（如sound/voice/noise辨析）和即学即练习题。通过对比分析提升思维品质，习题强化语言应用能力，词汇拓展（如breath→breathe→breathless）培养学习策略，助力学生系统掌握知识并灵活运用。

Unit 1 Happy Holiday Section A ( 2a-2f) 核心知识梳理 一、必背词汇 ( 1 / 11 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 极好的；吸引人的（形容词）：fantastic 2. 镇；商业区（名词）：town 3. 呼吸的空气；一口气（名词）：breath 4. 尤其；特别（副词）：especially 1. 极好的；吸引人的（形容词）： 2. 镇；商业区（名词）： 3. 呼吸的空气；一口气（名词）： 4. 尤其；特别（副词）： 二、必会考点 ( 2 / 11 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. That sounds great. 听起来很棒 【知识点】sound 的词义及用法 （1）n. 声音；声响 例句：We heard a loud sound from the next room.我们听到隔壁房间传来一声巨响。 （2）v. 听起来；似乎 例句：Your idea sounds great!你的想法听起来很棒！ 【辨析】sound & voice & noise sound 泛指一切声音（可听得到的） We can hear the sound of the river.（我们能听到河水的声音。） voice 特指 “人的声音”（说话声、歌声等） Her voice is very sweet.（她的声音很甜。） noise 指 “噪音、杂乱的声音”（让人不舒服的声音） The noise from the construction site is too loud.（建筑工地的噪音太大了。） 【即学即练】​ 1.The music from the radio ______ very beautiful. My mom likes it too.​ A. looks B. sounds C. tastes D. feels​​ 用（sound / voice / noise）填空​ 2. The teacher’s ______ is so clear that even students at the back of the classroom can hear her.​ 3. I can’t focus on my homework because there’s too much ______ from the street below.​ 4. Do you know what ______ a cat makes when it is happy?​ 【参考答案】1. B 2. voice 3.noise 4. sound 2.We stayed in the old town for a few days, and we enjoyed it very much.我们在古镇待了几天,并且很喜欢它。 【知识点】a few为不定代词，可以代替或修饰名词。a few后接可数名词复数形式，表示肯定含义，译为“一些，几个”。 【辨析】few/a few 与 little/a little 的用法 用法区别 可数名词复数 不可数名词 肯定含义 a few a little 否定含义 few little 【例句】There are a few books on the desk. 桌子上有一些书。 We have little rice left. Let's go shopping. 我们几乎没有大米了，去买点吧。 Few birds stay here in winter. 冬天很少有鸟留在这里。 She put a little salt in the soup. 她在汤里放了一点盐。 【即学即练】 用few /a few /little/a little 填空 1. There is ______ coffee in the cup. Would you like more? 2. He made ______ mistakes in the exam, so he got a good grade. 3. ______ people know this secret, so it's still safe. 4. Could you please add ______ vegetables to the salad? It's too plain. 5. I need ______ eggs to make a cake. Could you lend me some? 【答案】1. little 2. few 3. Few 4. a few 5. a few 3.Everyone says it's beautiful.每个人都说它很漂亮。 【知识点】句型结构为：主句（主语 + 谓语动词）+ that + 宾语从句（主语 + 谓语 + ...） “that” 在从句中不充当任何句子成分，可以省略。 跟在及物动词后（最常见）的此类单词： say（说） think（认为） believe（相信） know（知道） hope（希望） find（发现） 例句：My brother said he saw a cute cat in the park yesterday.​ Tom thinks he can get a good grade in the English test. We believe our team will win the basketball match. I hope my best friend can come to my birthday party. 【即学即练】 1. Everyone thinks ______ is a good idea. A. it B. they C. them D. its 2. Somebody ______ the story is very interesting. A. say B. says C. saying D. to say 3. Everyone ______ the food in this restaurant ______ delicious. A. think; is B. thinks; is C. think; are D. thinks; are 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. It just took my breath away.它简直让我惊叹不已 【知识点】breath的词义及用法 【常见搭配】 （1）take one’s breath away令人惊叹；让人叹绝 例句： The view fom the top of the mountain took my breath away. 从山顶看到的景色让我惊叹不已。 （2）out of breath上气不接下气 例句：Tom ran all the way to school and arrived out of breath. He was late for class. 汤姆一路跑着去学校，到的时候上气不接下气，他上课迟到了。 （3）take a deep breath深深吸一口气 例句：Take a deep breath and see how long you can stay underwater. 深吸一口气，看你能在水里待多久。 （4）hold one’s breath屏住呼吸 例句：We all held our breath while watching the last minute of the football match. 看足球比赛最后一分钟时，我们都屏住了呼吸。 （5）catch one's breath喘口气 例句：After playing basketball for an hour, the boys sat down to catch their breath. 打了一个小时篮球后，男孩们坐下来喘了口气。 【拓展】breathe动词，呼吸；吸；呼；breathless形容词，气喘吁吁的 例句：Every morning we get up early, breathe the fresh air and hear the birds singing in the woods. 每天清晨，我们都早起,呼吸新鲜的空气,听鸟儿在树林中唱歌。 After running 800 meters, Lily was breathless and sat down to rest. 跑完800米后，莉莉气喘吁吁，便坐下来休息。 【即学即练】 1. The view of the sunset over the sea was so beautiful that it ______ everyone’s breath away.​ A. took B. held C. caught D. made​​ 2. You should ______ fresh air every morning to keep healthy. A. breath B. breathe C. breaths D. breathing 3. The doctor told him to take a deep ______ and then let it out. A. breath B. breathe C. breathing D. breaths 4. He was so tired that he could hardly ______ after climbing the mountain. A. breath B. breaths C. breathe D. breathing 5. Take a deep ______, and then ______ out slowly as you pick up the receiver. A．breathe; breathe B．breath; breath C．breath; breathe 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 5. Everything tasted good, especially the steamed chicken soup.每样东西都很好吃，尤其是汽锅鸡 【知识点】（1）taste 的词义及用法。 ①感官动词：尝起来；品尝，后接形容词。 例句：This apple tastes sweet.这个苹果尝起来很甜。​ ②实义动词用法：表示 “品尝” 的动作。 例句：Could you taste the soup and see if it needs more salt? 你能尝一下汤，看看是否需要再加点盐吗？​ ③名词（n.）：味道；味觉​ 例句：The cake has a sweet taste. 这个蛋糕有甜味。​ She lost her taste because of a cold. 她因为感冒失去了味觉。​ 【常见搭配】 a strong taste浓烈的味道 a bitter taste苦味 have a taste of...尝一点…… 例句：May I have a taste of your ice cream?（我能尝一点你的冰淇淋吗？）​ （2）especially 副词（adv.）：尤其；特别 例句：I love fruits, especially apples.我喜欢水果，尤其是苹果。​​ Especially in winter, I like drinking hot milk.尤其是在冬天，我喜欢喝热牛奶。 She is good at all subjects, especially math.她各科都好，尤其擅长数学。 【拓展】especially 还可用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，强调程度。 例句：I especially want to see that film.我特别想看那部电影。 We are especially busy today. 我们今天特别忙。 【即学即练】 1. The coffee ______ a little bitter, but I still like it.​ A. looks B. tastes C. sounds D. feels​ 2. My mom asked me to ______ the dish before she served it to guests.​ A. taste B. touch C. smell D. hear​​ 3. It’s important to study hard, ______ for students in Grade Eight.​ A. especially B. usually C. finally D. suddenly​ 4. He has a good ______ (taste) in food—he always finds the most delicious restaurants.​ 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. taste 6. I just stayed at home to read, play games, and relax,but it was still fun. 我只是待在家里看书，玩游戏，放松一下，但这仍然很有趣。 【知识点】（1）结构：to + 动词原形（不定式短语），在句中作目的状语，修饰主句的谓语动词，回答“为什么做某事”的问题。 例句：She studies hard to get good grades.她努力学习是为了取得好成绩。 He bought a bike to go to school faster.他买了辆自行车，为了上学更快。 To improve his health, he exercises every morning.为了改善健康，他每天早上锻炼。 （2）relax 的词义及用法 ①不及物动词（vi.），意为“放松；休息；使自己镇定” 例句：We relax on weekends.我们周末放松。 ②形容词：relaxed感到放松的，修饰人；relaxing令人放松的，修饰事物 例句：He is relaxed.他感到放松。 The music is relaxing.这音乐令人放松。 ③名词：relaxation放松，不可数 例句：We all need some time for relaxation, so I plan to go for a walk in the park this afternoon. 我们都需要一些放松时间，所以我打算今天下午去公园散步。 （3）fun 的词义及用法 ①形容词，好玩的、令人愉快的（修饰事物），让人开心、有意思 例句：a fun game 好玩的游戏。 ②不可数名词（n.），意为“乐趣；快乐；有趣的事”； 例句：Swimming is great fun.游泳很有乐趣。 【常见搭配】 have fun玩得开心 for fun为了取乐 great fun极大的乐趣 a lot of fun很多乐趣 funny stories滑稽的故事 【固定搭配】have fun doing sth做某事很开心。 例句：We had fun playing basketball.我们打篮球很开心。 【即学即练】 1.They planted many trees _______ (make) the city greener. 2. Reading books is a _______ (relax) hobby for many people. 3. She always _______ (relax) for an hour after finishing homework. 4. The vacation made us feel _______ (relax) and happy. 5. Did you have ______ at the birthday party last night?​ —Yes! We played games and ate delicious cake.​ A. fun B. funny C. funs D. funnily​ 6. The little boy made a ______ face to make his sister stop crying, and it worked.​ A. fun B. funny C. funned D. funning​ 7. My cousin likes collecting stamps ______ , not because he wants to sell them for money.​ A. for fun B. have fun C. funny D. funs​ 8. This new game is so ______ that all my classmates want to play it with me.​ A. fun B. funny C. funnily D. funs​ 【答案】1. to make 2. relaxing 3. relaxes 4. relaxed 5. A 6.B 7. A 8. A 1. breath的用法 含义：breath n. 呼吸的空气;一口气 【搭配】(1) take a (deep) breath(深)吸一口气 (2) in one breath 一口气 (3) out of breath上气不接下气 (4) hold one’s breath 屏气 词汇变形：(1) breathe v.呼吸 例如：breathe air 呼吸空气; breathe deeply深呼吸 (2) breathless adj.(令人)气喘吁吁的 2. especially 含义：副词，意为“尤其;特别”。 especial作形容词，只能作定语修饰名词(短语) 例如：especial dislike(特别讨厌)。 Special adj.特殊的;特别的;不寻常的 3. 常见的不定代词 (1) 常见的不定代词有: something, anything( 任何事物，任何东西 ), nothing( 没有任何东西;没有事 ), everything; someone, anyone, no one, everyone; somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody 。 例句： I saw something interesting in the park. 我在公园里看到了有趣的东西。 Is there anything wrong with your phone?你的手机有什么问题吗? She has nothing important to say. 她没什么重要的话要说。 She knows everything about this project. 她对这个项目了如指掌。 Everyone needs someone kind to talk to.每个人都需要一个友善的人来倾诉。 Someone is waiting for you at the door. 有人在门口等你。 Anyone can make mistakes.任何人都会犯错。 No one can do without sleep for very long. 谁也不能很久不睡觉。 4. 常见的不定副词 常见的不定副词有:anywhere( 在任何地方;随便哪个地方),somewhere( 在某处;到某处;大约;大概;某个地方(用于肯定句中))nowhere( 无处;哪里都不;毫无结果;毫无进展;无名之地), everywhere(处处;到处;各个地方;所有地方)。 例句： Did you go anywhere nice during the holiday?你假期去了什么好玩的地方吗? I want to go somewhere quiet to relax.我想去个安静的地方放松一下。 He looked everywhere possible but couldn’t find his keys. 他找遍了所有可能的地方，但还是没找到钥匙。 5. a lot of 的易错点 a lot of = lots of，含义：许多、大量；后面既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词 例如：a lot of apples 许多苹果（可数复数） a lot of water 很多水（不可数） 易混辨析：a lot /a lot of /lots of a lot of + 名词（形容词性，修饰名词）=lots of + 名词 a lot 作副词短语，后面不能加名词，用来修饰动词、形容词比较级 $Unit 1 Happy Holiday Section A ( 2a-2f) 核心知识梳理 一、必背词汇 ( 1 / 11 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 极好的；吸引人的（形容词）：fantastic 2. 镇；商业区（名词）：town 3. 呼吸的空气；一口气（名词）：breath 4. 尤其；特别（副词）：especially 1. 极好的；吸引人的（形容词）： 2. 镇；商业区（名词）： 3. 呼吸的空气；一口气（名词）： 4. 尤其；特别（副词）： 二、必会考点 ( 2 / 11 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. That sounds great. 听起来很棒 【知识点】sound 的词义及用法 （1）n. 声音；声响 例句：We heard a loud sound from the next room.我们听到隔壁房间传来一声巨响。 （2）v. 听起来；似乎 例句：Your idea sounds great!你的想法听起来很棒！ 【辨析】sound & voice & noise sound 泛指一切声音（可听得到的） We can hear the sound of the river.（我们能听到河水的声音。） voice 特指 “人的声音”（说话声、歌声等） Her voice is very sweet.（她的声音很甜。） noise 指 “噪音、杂乱的声音”（让人不舒服的声音） The noise from the construction site is too loud.（建筑工地的噪音太大了。） 【即学即练】​ 1.The music from the radio ______ very beautiful. My mom likes it too.​ A. looks B. sounds C. tastes D. feels​​ 用（sound / voice / noise）填空​ 2. The teacher’s ______ is so clear that even students at the back of the classroom can hear her.​ 3. I can’t focus on my homework because there’s too much ______ from the street below.​ 4. Do you know what ______ a cat makes when it is happy?​ 2.We stayed in the old town for a few days, and we enjoyed it very much.我们在古镇待了几天,并且很喜欢它。 【知识点】a few为不定代词，可以代替或修饰名词。a few后接可数名词复数形式，表示肯定含义，译为“一些，几个”。 【辨析】few/a few 与 little/a little 的用法 用法区别 可数名词复数 不可数名词 肯定含义 a few a little 否定含义 few little 【例句】There are a few books on the desk. 桌子上有一些书。 We have little rice left. Let's go shopping. 我们几乎没有大米了，去买点吧。 Few birds stay here in winter. 冬天很少有鸟留在这里。 She put a little salt in the soup. 她在汤里放了一点盐。 【即学即练】 用few /a few /little/a little 填空 1. There is ______ coffee in the cup. Would you like more? 2. He made ______ mistakes in the exam, so he got a good grade. 3. ______ people know this secret, so it's still safe. 4. Could you please add ______ vegetables to the salad? It's too plain. 5. I need ______ eggs to make a cake. Could you lend me some? 3.Everyone says it's beautiful.每个人都说它很漂亮。 【知识点】句型结构为：主句（主语 + 谓语动词）+ that + 宾语从句（主语 + 谓语 + ...） “that” 在从句中不充当任何句子成分，可以省略。 跟在及物动词后（最常见）的此类单词： say（说） think（认为） believe（相信） know（知道） hope（希望） find（发现） 例句：My brother said he saw a cute cat in the park yesterday.​ Tom thinks he can get a good grade in the English test. We believe our team will win the basketball match. I hope my best friend can come to my birthday party. 【即学即练】 1. Everyone thinks ______ is a good idea. A. it B. they C. them D. its 2. Somebody ______ the story is very interesting. A. say B. says C. saying D. to say 3. Everyone ______ the food in this restaurant ______ delicious. A. think; is B. thinks; is C. think; are D. thinks; are 4. It just took my breath away.它简直让我惊叹不已 【知识点】breath的词义及用法 【常见搭配】 （1）take one’s breath away令人惊叹；让人叹绝 例句： The view fom the top of the mountain took my breath away. 从山顶看到的景色让我惊叹不已。 （2）out of breath上气不接下气 例句：Tom ran all the way to school and arrived out of breath. He was late for class. 汤姆一路跑着去学校，到的时候上气不接下气，他上课迟到了。 （3）take a deep breath深深吸一口气 例句：Take a deep breath and see how long you can stay underwater. 深吸一口气，看你能在水里待多久。 （4）hold one’s breath屏住呼吸 例句：We all held our breath while watching the last minute of the football match. 看足球比赛最后一分钟时，我们都屏住了呼吸。 （5）catch one's breath喘口气 例句：After playing basketball for an hour, the boys sat down to catch their breath. 打了一个小时篮球后，男孩们坐下来喘了口气。 【拓展】breathe动词，呼吸；吸；呼；breathless形容词，气喘吁吁的 例句：Every morning we get up early, breathe the fresh air and hear the birds singing in the woods. 每天清晨，我们都早起,呼吸新鲜的空气,听鸟儿在树林中唱歌。 After running 800 meters, Lily was breathless and sat down to rest. 跑完800米后，莉莉气喘吁吁，便坐下来休息。 【即学即练】 1. The view of the sunset over the sea was so beautiful that it ______ everyone’s breath away.​ A. took B. held C. caught D. made​​ 2. You should ______ fresh air every morning to keep healthy. A. breath B. breathe C. breaths D. breathing 3. The doctor told him to take a deep ______ and then let it out. A. breath B. breathe C. breathing D. breaths 4. He was so tired that he could hardly ______ after climbing the mountain. A. breath B. breaths C. breathe D. breathing 5. Take a deep ______, and then ______ out slowly as you pick up the receiver. A．breathe; breathe B．breath; breath C．breath; breathe 5. Everything tasted good, especially the steamed chicken soup.每样东西都很好吃，尤其是汽锅鸡 【知识点】（1）taste 的词义及用法。 ①感官动词：尝起来；品尝，后接形容词。 例句：This apple tastes sweet.这个苹果尝起来很甜。​ ②实义动词用法：表示 “品尝” 的动作。 例句：Could you taste the soup and see if it needs more salt? 你能尝一下汤，看看是否需要再加点盐吗？​ ③名词（n.）：味道；味觉​ 例句：The cake has a sweet taste. 这个蛋糕有甜味。​ She lost her taste because of a cold. 她因为感冒失去了味觉。​ 【常见搭配】 a strong taste浓烈的味道 a bitter taste苦味 have a taste of...尝一点…… 例句：May I have a taste of your ice cream?（我能尝一点你的冰淇淋吗？）​ （2）especially 副词（adv.）：尤其；特别 例句：I love fruits, especially apples.我喜欢水果，尤其是苹果。​​ Especially in winter, I like drinking hot milk.尤其是在冬天，我喜欢喝热牛奶。 She is good at all subjects, especially math.她各科都好，尤其擅长数学。 【拓展】especially 还可用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，强调程度。 例句：I especially want to see that film.我特别想看那部电影。 We are especially busy today. 我们今天特别忙。 【即学即练】 1. The coffee ______ a little bitter, but I still like it.​ A. looks B. tastes C. sounds D. feels​ 2. My mom asked me to ______ the dish before she served it to guests.​ A. taste B. touch C. smell D. hear​​ 3. It’s important to study hard, ______ for students in Grade Eight.​ A. especially B. usually C. finally D. suddenly​ 4. He has a good ______ (taste) in food—he always finds the most delicious restaurants.​ 6. I just stayed at home to read, play games, and relax,but it was still fun. 我只是待在家里看书，玩游戏，放松一下，但这仍然很有趣。 【知识点】（1）结构：to + 动词原形（不定式短语），在句中作目的状语，修饰主句的谓语动词，回答“为什么做某事”的问题。 例句：She studies hard to get good grades.她努力学习是为了取得好成绩。 He bought a bike to go to school faster.他买了辆自行车，为了上学更快。 To improve his health, he exercises every morning.为了改善健康，他每天早上锻炼。 （2）relax 的词义及用法 ①不及物动词（vi.），意为“放松；休息；使自己镇定” 例句：We relax on weekends.我们周末放松。 ②形容词：relaxed感到放松的，修饰人；relaxing令人放松的，修饰事物 例句：He is relaxed.他感到放松。 The music is relaxing.这音乐令人放松。 ③名词：relaxation放松，不可数 例句：We all need some time for relaxation, so I plan to go for a walk in the park this afternoon. 我们都需要一些放松时间，所以我打算今天下午去公园散步。 （3）fun 的词义及用法 ①形容词，好玩的、令人愉快的（修饰事物），让人开心、有意思 例句：a fun game 好玩的游戏。 ②不可数名词（n.），意为“乐趣；快乐；有趣的事”； 例句：Swimming is great fun.游泳很有乐趣。 【常见搭配】 have fun玩得开心 for fun为了取乐 great fun极大的乐趣 a lot of fun很多乐趣 funny stories滑稽的故事 【固定搭配】have fun doing sth做某事很开心。 例句：We had fun playing basketball.我们打篮球很开心。 【即学即练】 1.They planted many trees _______ (make) the city greener. 2. Reading books is a _______ (relax) hobby for many people. 3. She always _______ (relax) for an hour after finishing homework. 4. The vacation made us feel _______ (relax) and happy. 5. Did you have ______ at the birthday party last night?​ —Yes! We played games and ate delicious cake.​ A. fun B. funny C. funs D. funnily​ 6. The little boy made a ______ face to make his sister stop crying, and it worked.​ A. fun B. funny C. funned D. funning​ 7. My cousin likes collecting stamps ______ , not because he wants to sell them for money.​ A. for fun B. have fun C. funny D. funs​ 8. This new game is so ______ that all my classmates want to play it with me.​ A. fun B. funny C. funnily D. funs​ 1. breath的用法 含义：breath n. 呼吸的空气;一口气 【搭配】(1) take a (deep) breath(深)吸一口气 (2) in one breath 一口气 (3) out of breath上气不接下气 (4) hold one’s breath 屏气 词汇变形：(1) breathe v.呼吸 例如：breathe air 呼吸空气; breathe deeply深呼吸 (2) breathless adj.(令人)气喘吁吁的 2. especially 含义：副词，意为“尤其;特别”。 especial作形容词，只能作定语修饰名词(短语) 例如：especial dislike(特别讨厌)。 Special adj.特殊的;特别的;不寻常的 3. 常见的不定代词 (1) 常见的不定代词有: something, anything( 任何事物，任何东西 ), nothing( 没有任何东西;没有事 ), everything; someone, anyone, no one, everyone; somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody 。 例句： I saw something interesting in the park. 我在公园里看到了有趣的东西。 Is there anything wrong with your phone?你的手机有什么问题吗? She has nothing important to say. 她没什么重要的话要说。 She knows everything about this project. 她对这个项目了如指掌。 Everyone needs someone kind to talk to.每个人都需要一个友善的人来倾诉。 Someone is waiting for you at the door. 有人在门口等你。 Anyone can make mistakes.任何人都会犯错。 No one can do without sleep for very long. 谁也不能很久不睡觉。 4. 常见的不定副词 常见的不定副词有:anywhere( 在任何地方;随便哪个地方),somewhere( 在某处;到某处;大约;大概;某个地方(用于肯定句中))nowhere( 无处;哪里都不;毫无结果;毫无进展;无名之地), everywhere(处处;到处;各个地方;所有地方)。 例句： Did you go anywhere nice during the holiday?你假期去了什么好玩的地方吗? I want to go somewhere quiet to relax.我想去个安静的地方放松一下。 He looked everywhere possible but couldn’t find his keys. 他找遍了所有可能的地方，但还是没找到钥匙。 5. a lot of 的易错点 a lot of = lots of，含义：许多、大量；后面既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词 例如：a lot of apples 许多苹果（可数复数） a lot of water 很多水（不可数） 易混辨析：a lot /a lot of /lots of a lot of + 名词（形容词性，修饰名词）=lots of + 名词 a lot 作副词短语，后面不能加名词，用来修饰动词、形容词比较级 $